Mine remediation system and method based on bottom mud regeneration and bamboo medicine symbiosis

Abstract

The invention discloses a mine remediation system and method based on bottom mud regeneration and bamboo medicine symbiosis, and belongs to the technical field of environment remediation and resource recycling, the mine remediation system comprises the following modules: a bottom mud targeted activation module for converting polluted bottom mud into a mine remediation matrix through heavy metal gradient passivation and organic matter directional activation treatment; the bamboo-medicine-shrub-arbor three-dimensional configuration module is used for constructing a bamboo forest layer, a medicine layer and a grass-shrub-arbor composite layer in the restoration area to form multi-layer vegetation configuration; the water and soil joint control module is used for monitoring the soil moisture content, the vegetation growth state and the water and soil loss risk in real time and dynamically regulating and controlling the water and fertilizer conditions through an intelligent algorithm; through targeted activation of the bottom mud, composite planting of bamboo and medicine, three-dimensional configuration of grass, shrub and arbor and dynamic regulation and control of water and fertilizer, cooperative treatment of ecological restoration and resource recycling of the mine is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of environmental remediation and resource recycling, and specifically relates to a mine water and soil collaborative remediation system and method based on sediment regeneration and bamboo-drug symbiosis; through sediment matrix reconstruction, bamboo-drug composite planting, three-dimensional configuration of grass, shrubs and trees, and dynamic regulation of water and fertilizer, a closed-loop remediation mode of "co-governing water and soil - reducing carbon and pollution - double harvest of medicine and economy" is realized, which is applicable to scenarios of heavy metal pollution mining areas and coal gangue accumulation areas. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, sediment pollution of rivers and lakes and ecological damage of mines have become global environmental problems. Heavy metals (such as Cd, Pb, As) and organic pollutants (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs) enriched in river and lake sediments pose a serious threat to the water ecosystem and human health. At the same time, surface exposure, soil infertility and heavy metal pollution caused by mining further exacerbate the deterioration of the ecological environment. The following prominent problems exist in traditional treatment technologies:

[0003] 1. Insufficient utilization of sediment resources: Existing technologies mostly adopt landfill or solidification treatment after sediment dredging, with low resource utilization rate (<30%), and it is easy to cause secondary pollution; the organic matter and nutrients rich in sediment are not effectively utilized, wasting potential soil improvement resources.

[0004] 2. High cost and long cycle of mine remediation: Traditional mine remediation relies on covering with imported soil, and the transportation and treatment costs account for more than 60% of the total investment; for vegetation restoration, pioneer herbaceous plants are mostly used, with weak carbon sequestration ability (annual carbon sequestration <5t / ha), and lack of economic output, resulting in a shortage of funds for later management and protection.

[0005] 3. Poor technical synergy: Existing technologies mostly focus on a single link (such as passivation or planting), and do not form a closed loop of "pollution treatment - carbon sequestration - economy"; the treatment of sediment and mine remediation are separated, and the efficient recycling of resources cannot be realized.

[0006] There are also some limitations in existing technologies:

[0007] 1. Sediment treatment technology: Chemical solidification method, adding solidifying agents such as lime and cement, can stabilize heavy metals, but it causes soil compaction and is not conducive to plant growth; biological remediation method, using plants or microorganisms to degrade pollutants, has a long cycle (>1 year) and low efficiency (PAHs degradation rate <70%).

[0008] 2. Mine remediation technology: Imported soil covering method, covering the mining area with purchased soil, is costly (800 - 1200 yuan / ton), and does not solve the problem of soil infertility; single vegetation restoration, mostly using herbaceous plants (such as bermudagrass), has weak carbon sequestration ability and lacks economic output.

[0009] The prior art has not achieved the coordinated treatment of sediment and mine restoration, with low resource utilization rate and difficulty in meeting the large-scale restoration needs. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a mine restoration system and method based on sediment regeneration and symbiosis of bamboo and medicine, which realizes the coordinated treatment of mine ecological restoration and resource recycling through targeted activation of sediment, compound planting of bamboo and medicine, three-dimensional configuration of grass, shrubs and trees, and dynamic regulation of water and fertilizer.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0012] A mine restoration system based on sediment regeneration and symbiosis of bamboo and medicine, comprising the following modules:

[0013] Sediment targeted activation module: used to convert contaminated sediment into mine restoration matrix through heavy metal gradient passivation and organic matter directional activation treatment;

[0014] Bamboo-medicine-shrub and tree three-dimensional configuration module: used to construct a bamboo forest layer, a medicinal material layer and a grass, shrub and tree composite layer in the restoration area to form a multi-level vegetation configuration;

[0015] Soil and water joint control module: used to monitor soil moisture, vegetation growth status and soil erosion risk in real time, and dynamically regulate water and fertilizer conditions through intelligent algorithms;

[0016] The sediment targeted activation module provides the restoration matrix for the whole system, and the activated sediment output by it is used for vegetation planting in the bamboo-medicine-shrub and tree three-dimensional configuration module; the bamboo-medicine-shrub and tree three-dimensional configuration module improves the carbon sequestration capacity and ecological stability through multi-level vegetation configuration, and at the same time provides monitoring data for the soil and water joint control module; the soil and water joint control module dynamically regulates water and fertilizer conditions by monitoring soil moisture and vegetation growth status in real time to ensure the sustainability of the restoration process.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the sediment targeted activation module includes:

[0018] Heavy metal gradient passivation unit: in the first stage, nano-hydroxyapatite and Thiobacillus are used to passivate heavy metals synergistically, converting Cd and As into sulfides, and in the second stage, laccase gene engineering bacteria are used to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; nano-hydroxyapatite converts Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ into stable apatite minerals (such as Pb5(PO4)3OH) through ion exchange, and Thiobacillus generates CdS (Ksp = 1×10 -28 ) through biological sulfidation, and the dual mechanism ensures that the heavy metal leaching concentration is lower than 50% of the national standard limit.

[0019] Organic matter directional activation unit: The bottom mud, bamboo charcoal, and phosphogypsum are compounded to form an aggregate structure, and then arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are implanted to promote the symbiosis between the roots of medicinal materials and the substrate. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a hyphal network to promote nutrient absorption.

[0020] In the preferred embodiment, the bamboo-medical plant-shrub and tree three-dimensional configuration module includes:

[0021] Bamboo forest layer: Plant heavy metal-tolerant hybrid bamboo to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity. The bamboo rhizome network fixes the slope to enhance the anti-erosion ability, and the bamboo waste is pyrolyzed to produce charcoal for bottom mud passivation;

[0022] Medicinal plant layer: Plant heavy metal-tolerant medicinal plants to share nitrogen and phosphorus resources through the mycorrhiza-medicinal plant symbiotic system;

[0023] Herb, shrub and tree composite layer: It includes a herb layer, a shrub layer, and a tree layer;

[0024] The above technical solution constructs a three-dimensional configuration system of "bamboo canopy layer-medicinal plant layer-herb, shrub and tree composite layer", and forms a symbiotic relationship through the mycorrhizal network. The bamboo rhizome network penetrates 2m deep to fix the deep soil; the roots of the herb layer (alfalfa) and the shrub layer (seabuckthorn) are distributed in a gradient to form a multi-level soil-fixing structure.

[0025] In the preferred embodiment, the soil and water joint control module includes:

[0026] Soil moisture sensor network: It includes a soil moisture content sensor, a soil conductivity sensor, and a heavy metal rapid detector;

[0027] Intelligent drip irrigation system: It includes a water source, a drip irrigation pipeline, and a control unit;

[0028] Intelligent algorithm and dynamic regulation: Based on the LSTM neural network, predict the change trends of soil moisture content and conductivity in the next 7 days. The input variables include historical data, weather forecast, and vegetation growth stage;

[0029] In the above technical solution, the soil moisture sensor network monitors the moisture content (accuracy ±2%) and soil conductivity (EC value range 0-10mS / cm) in real time. When the EC value > 2mS / cm, the bamboo charcoal drip irrigation is automatically triggered (pH adjusted to 6.5-7.0). Based on the LSTM algorithm, predict the soil and water loss risk, and automatically start and stop the drip irrigation system (saving 40% of water); when the heavy metal content of the medicinal plants is close to the national standard limit (such as Cd > 0.2mg / kg), trigger the instruction to add bamboo charcoal for passivation.

[0030] A mine restoration method based on bottom mud regeneration and bamboo-medical plant symbiosis, including the following steps:

[0031] S1, In-situ sediment harmless treatment: Through heavy metal gradient passivation and organic matter directional activation treatment, river and lake sediments are transformed into mine restoration substrates. The heavy metal gradient passivation is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the sediment is dehydrated to a moisture content of 45-50%, then 3% nano-hydroxyapatite and 2% pyrite powder are added by mass ratio to the sediment. After mixing, Thiobacillus is inoculated at an inoculation amount of 1×108 CFU / g, and the mixture is stacked for 7 days. The mixture is turned over and aerated daily, and the temperature is controlled at 25-35°C. In the second stage, the laccase gene engineering bacteria are inoculated by atomized spraying. The inoculation amount of the bacterial liquid is 5% (v / w), the spore concentration is 1×108 CFU / g, and the temperature is controlled at 34-36°C.

[0032] S2, Mine base construction: Fish-scale pits are excavated on the slope surface, backfilled with mine restoration substrates, and medicinal materials such as Astragalus membranaceus or Salvia miltiorrhiza are planted in the pits. Along the contour line at the top of the slope, "Lvtong No. 1" bamboo is planted, and seabuckthorn and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica are configured at the foot of the slope. Alfalfa and ryegrass seeds are sown on the ground surface.

[0033] S3, Carbon sink-economic closed-loop operation: Bamboo and medicinal materials are harvested every autumn. The bamboo is pyrolyzed to produce biochar, and 30% of which is backfilled for sediment passivation. The medicinal residues are fermented into organic fertilizers and returned to the field to replace 30% of the chemical fertilizer usage.

[0034] In the above technical solutions, the annual carbon sequestration of the hybrid bamboo "Lvtong No. 1" is ≥25 tCO2e / ha, and the annual carbon sequestration of the shrub and grass layer (alfalfa + seabuckthorn) is ≥10 tCO2e / ha, which is more than 5 times higher than that of single herbaceous plants (<5 tCO2e / ha). Medicinal plants such as Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza share nutrients through AM fungi and bamboo roots, with a heavy metal transfer coefficient <0.1 and a 35% increase in yield. The biochar produced by bamboo pyrolysis (specific surface area ≥800 m 2 / g) is used for sediment passivation to form a resource cycle.

[0035] In the above technical solutions, the biochar produced by bamboo pyrolysis is backfilled to passivate the sediment, and the medicinal residues are fermented to produce fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers, forming a closed loop of "bamboo growth → carbonization and sequestration → reuse and efficiency improvement". The pyrolysis gas (H2 / CH4) of bamboo waste is used for power generation for self-supply (energy self-sufficiency rate ≥80%), and the medicinal residue fertilizer replaces 30% of the chemical fertilizer usage.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the organic matter directional activation treatment in step S1 is to perform matrix compounding. The compounding mass ratio is: sediment: bamboo charcoal: phosphogypsum = 7:2:1. The compounded matrix is mechanically stirred to form agglomerate structures with a particle size of 1-3 mm.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the laccase gene engineering bacteria are a composite bacterium agent, including white rot fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, with a mass ratio of 3:1. After inoculation, aerobic fermentation is carried out for 15 days to generate an activated matrix. The white rot fungi secrete laccase (≥600 U / g) to degrade lignin and release humic acid.

[0038] In the preferred embodiment, mycorrhiza-bamboo root symbiotic induction technology is adopted for the Chinese herbal medicine planting in step S2. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are inoculated by furrow application in the rhizosphere of the medicinal materials. The hyphae extend to the bamboo rhizome to form a shared network, and the inoculation amount is 2% of the sediment quality.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Through the "sediment-targeted activation-bamboo-medicine symbiosis-water and fertilizer dynamic regulation" trinity technology system, the present invention fills the following technical gaps: Sediment resource utilization: converting polluted sediment into mine restoration matrix, with a resource utilization rate > 95%; Ecological-economic synergy: achieving a win-win situation of carbon sink gain and economic output through the three-dimensional configuration of bamboo-medicine-shrub and tree, and through intelligent algorithms and dynamic regulation of water and fertilizer conditions in the mine restoration area, precise water and fertilizer management can be carried out;

[0040] (2) The present invention adopts a two-stage process - heavy metal gradient passivation + organic matter directional activation to treat river and lake sediment, forming a safe and highly fertile mine restoration matrix, realizing heavy metal stabilization, where the leaching concentration of Cd metal ≤ 0.05mg / L, Pb ≤ 0.01mg / L, meeting the requirements of 《GB5085.3》, and avoiding secondary pollution; among them, the organic matter activation treatment increases the organic matter content from 5% to 15% - 18%, the soil aggregate structure is stable (porosity > 40%), and the water holding capacity is increased by 3 times, providing a high-quality growth carrier for vegetation restoration;

[0041] (3) The present invention constructs a three-dimensional configuration system of "bamboo canopy layer - medicinal material layer - shrub, grass and tree composite layer", forming a symbiotic relationship through the mycorrhizal network, significantly improving the carbon sink capacity. Among them, the herbaceous layer in the stable layer of grass, shrub and tree is alfalfa and ryegrass. Alfalfa has a large nitrogen fixation amount, which is 150kg / ha·year. The roots of ryegrass secrete chelating acids to activate the soil. Among the shrub layers, seabuckthorn is barren-tolerant, and its fruits can be processed into vitamin C. Among the tree layers, the deep roots of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica can prevent landslides;

[0042] (4) The present invention deploys a soil moisture sensor network and an intelligent drip irrigation system to dynamically regulate the water and fertilizer conditions in the mine restoration area, enabling precise water and fertilizer management, achieving the purpose of water conservation and improving fertilizer utilization rate, and making the heavy metal content of the medicinal materials stably lower than the national standard limit (Cd ≤ 0.2mg / kg); among them, the Internet of Things gateway encrypts and transmits data to the cloud, and combines with the digital twin model to predict the risk of soil erosion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is the flowchart of the system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0044] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. The description in this part is only exemplary and explanatory, and should not have any restrictive effect on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] A mine restoration system based on sediment regeneration and bamboo-medicinal herb symbiosis includes the following modules:

[0047] 1. Sediment targeted activation module: It is used to convert contaminated sediment into mine restoration matrix through heavy metal gradient passivation and organic matter directional activation treatment. The heavy metal gradient passivation adopts a two-stage treatment process. In the first stage, nano-hydroxyapatite (particle size 50 - 80nm) and Thiobacillus are added for heavy metal sulfide passivation. After passivation, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals Cd / Pb are respectively ≤0.05mg / L and 0.01mg / L; in the second stage, white rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium, spore concentration 1×10 8 CFU / g) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are inoculated, and the inoculation density ≥50 spores / g matrix) is used for organic matter activation. After treatment, the organic matter content ≥15%; sediment, bamboo charcoal, and phosphogypsum are compounded to form an aggregate structure, and then arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are implanted to promote the symbiosis of the roots of medicinal herbs and the matrix;

[0048] 2. Bamboo-herb-shrub and tree three-dimensional configuration module: Bamboo forest layer: The heavy metal-tolerant hybrid bamboo "Lutong No. 1" is selected. Its characteristics include: Heavy metal tolerance: The roots secrete metallothionein (MTs content ≥1.2mg / g), and it can tolerate substrates with Cd ≤50mg / kg and Pb ≤1000mg / kg; Carbon sequestration ability: The annual growth height is 4 - 6m, the biomass accumulation rate of bamboo culms reaches 15t / (ha·year), and the annual carbon sequestration amount ≥25tCO2e / ha; Ecological function: The bamboo rhizome network penetrates 2m deep, fixes the slope soil, and the anti-scouring ability is increased by 80%. Planting density: Plant along the contour line of the mine, the plant spacing is 3m×4m, and 55 - 60 plants are planted per mu;

[0049] Medicinal herb layer: The selected medicinal herbs are Astragalus membranaceus: Heavy metal tolerance: The roots are enriched in Zn, and the transfer coefficient <0.1, and the Cd content is stably lower than the national standard limit (≤0.2mg / kg); Economic value: The root yield ≥8t / ha, and the market price is 20 - 30 yuan / kg; Salvia miltiorrhiza: Heavy metal tolerance: The roots secrete salvianolic acid B and degrade organic pollutants such as DDT; Economic value: The root yield ≥7t / ha, and the market price is 15 - 25 yuan / kg. Planting density: The plant spacing is 30cm (Astragalus membranaceus) or 40cm (Salvia miltiorrhiza), and 8000 - 10000 plants are planted per mu;

[0050] Mycorrhizal inoculation: Inoculate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irregularis, inoculation density ≥ 50 spores / g substrate) in the rhizosphere. The hyphae extend to the bamboo rhizomes to form a shared network, promoting nutrient absorption (increasing the yield of medicinal materials by 35%).

[0051] Composite layer of grass, shrub and tree: Alfalfa: Nitrogen fixation amount is 150 kg / (ha·year), C / N ratio is 25:1, and the litter promotes the accumulation of soil organic carbon; Ryegrass: The roots secrete chelating acids to activate the insoluble phosphorus in the soil (increasing the available phosphorus by 40%). Configuration method: Broadcast grass seeds on the ground surface, seeding rate is 20 kg / ha, seeding depth is 1 - 2 cm. Sea buckthorn: Tolerant to barrenness, the fruits are rich in vitamin C and can be processed into health products; Configuration method: Plant spacing is 1 m×1 m, 600 - 800 plants are planted per mu, planting depth is 30 cm. Mongolian pine: Deep roots (>1 m) stabilize the slope, and the canopy shading rate is 60% - 70%; Configuration method: Plant spacing is 2 m×2 m, 150 - 200 plants are planted per mu, planting depth is 50 cm.

[0052] 3. Soil and water joint control module:

[0053] (1) Soil moisture sensor network

[0054] 1.1 Sensor types and functions

[0055] Soil moisture content sensor:

[0056] Model: TDR - 315 (Time Domain Reflectometry);

[0057] Range: 0 - 100% (volumetric water content);

[0058] Accuracy: ±2%;

[0059] Function: Real - time monitor the soil moisture content and provide data support for irrigation decision - making.

[0060] Soil electrical conductivity (EC value) sensor:

[0061] Model: EC - 5 (Four - electrode method);

[0062] Range: 0 - 10 mS / cm;

[0063] Accuracy: ±0.1 mS / cm;

[0064] Function: Monitor the soil salt concentration to prevent salinization.

[0065] Heavy metal rapid detector:

[0066] Model: XRF - 2000 (X - ray fluorescence spectrometry);

[0067] Detection limit: Cd 0.01 mg / kg, Pb 0.05 mg / kg;

[0068] Function: Rapidly detect the heavy metal content in soil to ensure the safety of medicinal materials.

[0069] 1.2 Network deployment

[0070] Node spacing: ≤50 m to ensure uniform spatial coverage of monitoring data;

[0071] Installation depth:

[0072] Surface layer (0 - 20 cm): Monitor the moisture and salt content of the herb layer;

[0073] Middle layer (20 - 50 cm): Monitor the shrub layer and the root environment of medicinal materials;

[0074] Deep layer (50 - 100 cm): Monitor the bamboo rhizome network and the root environment of arbors.

[0075] Data transmission: Adopt LORA wireless communication technology (transmission distance ≥5 km, power consumption ≤0.1 W), and upload data to the cloud platform in real time.

[0076] (2) Intelligent drip irrigation system

[0077] 2.1 System composition Water source: Utilize the river or groundwater near the mining area, and after purification by a bamboo charcoal filter (filtration accuracy ≤10 μm), it enters the drip irrigation system;

[0078] Drip irrigation pipeline:

[0079] Main pipeline: Made of PVC material, with a diameter of 50 mm and a pressure resistance ≥0.6 MPa;

[0080] Branch pipeline: Made of PE material, with a diameter of 16 mm, a drip head spacing of 30 cm, and a flow rate of 2 L / h;

[0081] Control unit:

[0082] Central controller: Based on the ARM Cortex-M4 processor, supporting 4G / 5G communication;

[0083] Solenoid valve: Control the irrigation switch of each zone, with a response time ≤1 s.

[0084] 2.2 Irrigation strategy

[0085] Dynamic threshold:

[0086] When the soil moisture content < 60% of the field capacity, start drip irrigation;

[0087] When the EC value > 2 mS / cm, start bamboo charcoal filtered drip irrigation (pH adjusted to 6.5 - 7.0).

[0088] Zoning control: According to the vegetation type and water demand, the restoration area is divided into bamboo area, medicinal area, shrub and grass area, and arbor area, and irrigation parameters are set respectively:

[0089] Bamboo area: The irrigation amount per time is 10 mm, and the interval is 7 days;

[0090] Medicinal area: The irrigation amount per time is 5 mm, and the interval is 5 days;

[0091] Shrub and grass area: The irrigation amount per time is 3 mm, and the interval is 3 days;

[0092] Arbor area: The irrigation amount per time is 15 mm, and the interval is 10 days.

[0093] (3) Intelligent algorithm and dynamic regulation

[0094] 3.1 Data fusion and model construction

[0095] Data source: Integrate soil moisture sensors, weather stations (rainfall, evaporation), and vegetation growth data (bamboo biomass, medicinal material yield);

[0096] Machine learning model:

[0097] LSTM neural network: Predict the change trend of soil moisture content and EC value in the next 7 days. The input variables include historical data, weather forecast, and vegetation growth stage;

[0098] Reinforcement learning algorithm: Dynamically optimize the irrigation amount and fertilization amount. The objective function is to maximize the vegetation growth rate and minimize the water resource consumption.

[0099] 3.2 Regulation strategy

[0100] Irrigation optimization:

[0101] When the predicted soil moisture content drops > 10%, start drip irrigation in advance;

[0102] When the predicted rainfall > 10 mm, delay irrigation to reduce water resource waste.

[0103] Fertilization optimization:

[0104] Dynamically adjust the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio according to the growth stage of the medicinal materials (seedling stage, growth stage, maturity stage) (e.g., N-P-K = 3-1-2 in the seedling stage,

[0105] growth stage = 2-2-2);

[0106] When the soil EC value > 2 mS / cm, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and increase the proportion of organic fertilizer (medicinal residue fermentation fertilizer).

[0107] Through the operation of the system in the above embodiments, the experimental results show that: water saving effect: 40% water saving compared with traditional flood irrigation, and the irrigation water use coefficient is increased to 0.85; precise regulation: the zoned irrigation strategy meets the water demand characteristics of different vegetation and avoids water resource waste; efficient fertilizer utilization: reducing application and increasing efficiency: through the dynamic fertilization strategy, the chemical fertilizer dosage is reduced by 30%, and the medicinal material yield is increased by 20%; soil improvement: the application ratio of organic fertilizer (medicinal residue fermentation fertilizer) ≥ 30%, and the soil organic matter content is increased to 3.5%; intelligent operation and maintenance: real-time monitoring: the update frequency of soil moisture data ≤ 1 hour to ensure the timeliness of the regulation strategy; remote control: view data and adjust irrigation parameters in real time through the mobile phone APP or the Web side, and the operation and maintenance efficiency is increased by 50%.

[0108] Example 2:

[0109] A mine restoration method based on sediment regeneration and symbiosis of bamboo and medicine, comprising the following steps:

[0110] S1, harmless treatment of sediment: The river and lake sediment is treated by heavy metal gradient passivation and organic matter directional activation to be transformed into a mine restoration matrix. The heavy metal gradient passivation is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the sediment is dehydrated to a water content of 45%, and then 3% nano-hydroxyapatite and 2% pyrite powder are added to the sediment by mass ratio. After mixing, thiobacillus is inoculated, and the inoculation amount is 1×10 8 CFU / g, stacked for 7 days, turned over and aerated daily, and the temperature is controlled at 30°C; in the second stage, the laccase gene engineering bacteria are inoculated by the atomized spraying method. The laccase gene engineering bacteria are a composite bacterium agent, including white rot fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and their mass ratio is 3:1. After inoculation, aerobic fermentation is carried out for 15 days to generate an activated matrix. The inoculation amount of the bacterial liquid is 5% (v / w), the spore concentration is 1×108CFU / g, the temperature is controlled at 35°C, the water content: 50%, and the ventilation volume is 0.3m 3 / (h·t), maintaining the dissolved oxygen ≥ 3mg / L; the PAHs removal rate > 90%, and the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene is reduced from 10mg / kg to 0.8mg / kg (the GB36600 limit value is 1mg / kg);

[0111] The organic matter directional activation treatment is to carry out matrix compounding. The compounding mass ratio is: sediment: bamboo charcoal: phosphogypsum = 7:2:1. The compounded matrix is mechanically stirred at a stirring speed of 60r / min for 30min to form an aggregate structure with a particle size of 1-3mm and a porosity > 40%; the water holding capacity is increased to 250%, which is 3 times higher than that of the original sediment; among them, bamboo charcoal: the particle size is 2-5mm, the specific surface area ≥ 800m 2 / g, the porosity ≥ 85%, adsorbing heavy metals (Pb 2+ adsorption capacity ≥ 150mg / g) and enhancing air permeability; phosphogypsum: providing Ca 2+ and SO2- , adjust the pH to 6.5 - 7.0 and supplement sulfur element simultaneously;

[0112] S2, Mine base construction: Dig fish-scale pits on the slope surface, backfill mine restoration matrix, and plant astragalus or salvia miltiorrhiza in the pits; Plant "Lvtong No. 1" bamboo along the contour line at the top of the slope, configure seabuckthorn and pinus sylvestris var. mongolica at the foot of the slope, and broadcast seeds of alfalfa and ryegrass on the ground surface; The medicinal material planting adopts mycorrhiza - bamboo root symbiotic induction technology, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (spore concentration ≥ 50 spores / g matrix) are inoculated by trench application (depth 10 - 15 cm) in the rhizosphere of the medicinal materials. The hyphae extend to the bamboo rhizome to form a shared network, and the inoculation amount is 2% of the bottom mud quality; The mycelial bridge connects the roots of the medicinal materials and the bamboo rhizome to share nitrogen and phosphorus resources (the yield of medicinal materials increases by 35%); Secret ballon - like mycorrhizal - related soil protein (GRSP) to enhance the stability of soil aggregates (the proportion of water - stable aggregates > 60%).

[0113] S3, Carbon sink - economic closed - loop operation: Harvest bamboo and medicinal materials every autumn, pyrolyze the bamboo into biochar at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, with a specific surface area of 800 m 2 / g, of which 30% is backfilled for passivating the bottom mud and 70% is used for carbon sink trading; The medicinal residues are fermented into organic fertilizer and returned to the field to replace 30% of the chemical fertilizer dosage.

[0114] In the above - mentioned embodiment, the annual carbon sequestration amount in the restoration area reaches 35 tCO2e / ha, which is equivalent to the carbon sink contribution of afforesting 300 mu. The annual output value per hectare reaches 193,000 yuan (25,000 yuan for bamboo + 150,000 yuan for medicinal materials + 18,000 yuan for carbon sink trading), and the annual income increase of farmers is 5,000 yuan / mu. Its restoration method reduces the soil and water loss by 90% and improves the slope stability by 80%. The vegetation coverage rate in the restoration area reaches 60% in 1 year and 90% in 3 years, and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced by 50%. Each ton of biochar sequesters 3.2 t of CO2 equivalent, and the production of organic fertilizer from medicinal residues reduces N2O emissions (emission reduction amount ≥ 50%).

[0115] Conduct pollutant detection and physical and chemical property detection on the restored mine in the above - mentioned Example 1, and the detection results are shown in the following table.

[0116] Table 1 Content determination of pollutants before and after restoration

[0117]

[0118] Table 2 Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation effects (∑16PAHs)

[0119] Index Before remediation (μg / kg) After remediation (μg / kg) Degradation rate % Total amount 6800±1200 950±200 86 Toxic equivalent (TEQ) 285±45 32±8 89 Microbial abundance <![CDATA[10 ∧ 3 CFU / g]]> <![CDATA[10 ∧ 6CFU / g]]> ↑ 1000 times

[0120] Table 3 Comparison of restoration effects of physical and chemical properties of mine soil

[0121]

[0122] Comparison of Mine Restoration Effects within 45 Years in Table 4

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] It should be noted that in this article, the terms: including, containing, and any other variants are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or device. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principles and implementation methods of the technical solution of the present invention. The description of the above examples is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. The above is only the preferred implementation method of the present invention. It should be pointed out that due to the limited nature of written expression and the objectively infinite specific structures, for those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements, refinements, or changes can be made, or the above technical features can be combined in an appropriate manner; these improvements, refinements, changes, or combinations, or directly applying the concept and technical solution of the present invention to other occasions without improvement, should all be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mine restoration system based on sediment regeneration and symbiosis of bamboo and medicine, characterized in that It includes the following modules: Sediment targeted activation module: used to treat contaminated sediment through heavy metal gradient passivation and organic matter directional activation, and convert it into mine restoration matrix; Bamboo-herb-shrub-tree three-dimensional configuration module: used to construct bamboo forest layer, herb layer and grass-shrub-tree composite layer in the restoration area to form multi-level vegetation configuration; Soil and water joint control module: used to monitor soil moisture, vegetation growth status and soil erosion risk in real time, and dynamically regulate water and fertilizer conditions through intelligent algorithms; The sediment targeted activation module provides the restoration matrix for the whole system, and the activated sediment output is used for vegetation planting in the bamboo-herb-shrub-tree three-dimensional configuration module; the bamboo-herb-shrub-tree three-dimensional configuration module improves the carbon sequestration capacity and ecological stability through multi-level vegetation configuration, and at the same time provides monitoring data for the soil and water joint control module; the soil and water joint control module dynamically regulates water and fertilizer conditions by monitoring soil moisture and vegetation growth status in real time to ensure the sustainability of the restoration process.

2. The mine restoration system based on sediment regeneration and bamboo-medicine symbiosis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sediment targeted activation module includes: Heavy metal gradient passivation unit: in the first stage, nano-hydroxyapatite and Thiobacillus are used to passivate heavy metals synergistically, converting Cd and As into sulfides, and in the second stage, laccase gene engineering bacteria are used to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Organic matter directional activation unit: sediment, bamboo charcoal and phosphogypsum are compounded to form an aggregate structure, and then arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are implanted to promote the symbiosis of herb roots and matrix.

3. The mine restoration system based on sediment regeneration and symbiosis of bamboo and medicine according to claim 1, wherein The bamboo-herb-shrub-tree three-dimensional configuration module includes: Bamboo forest layer: plant heavy metal-tolerant hybrid bamboo to improve the carbon sequestration capacity, use bamboo rhizome network to fix the slope to improve the anti-scouring ability, and pyrolyze bamboo waste into biochar for sediment passivation; Herb layer: plant heavy metal-tolerant herbs, and share nitrogen and phosphorus resources through the mycorrhiza-herb symbiotic system; Grass-shrub-tree composite layer: includes herb layer, shrub layer and tree layer.

4. A mine restoration system based on sediment regeneration and symbiosis of bamboo and medicine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil and water joint control module includes: Soil moisture sensor network: includes soil moisture content sensor, soil conductivity sensor, heavy metal rapid detector; Intelligent drip irrigation system: includes water source, drip irrigation pipeline, control unit; Intelligent algorithm and dynamic regulation: based on the LSTM neural network to predict the change trend of soil moisture content and conductivity in the next 7 days, and the input variables include historical data, weather forecast and vegetation growth stage.

5. A mine restoration method based on sediment regeneration and symbiosis of bamboo and medicine, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1, In-situ harmless treatment of sediment: The sediment in rivers and lakes is transformed into a mine restoration matrix through heavy metal gradient passivation and organic matter directional activation treatment. The heavy metal gradient passivation is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the sediment is dehydrated to a water content of 45-50%, and then 3% nano-hydroxyapatite and 2% pyrite powder are added to the sediment by mass ratio. After mixing, Thiobacillus is inoculated, and the inoculation amount is 1×10 8 CFU / g, and it is stacked for 7 days, with turning and aeration every day, and the temperature is controlled at 25-35°C; In the second stage, the laccase genetically engineered bacteria are inoculated by atomized spraying, and the inoculation amount of the bacterial solution is 5% (v / w), and the spore concentration is 1×10 8 CFU / g, and the temperature is controlled at 34-36°C; S2, Mine base construction: Excavate fish-scale pits on the slope surface, backfill the mine restoration matrix, and plant astragalus or salvia miltiorrhiza herbs in the pits; plant "Lvtong No. 1" bamboo along the contour line at the top of the slope, configure sea buckthorn and mongolian pine at the bottom of the slope, and sow alfalfa and ryegrass seeds on the surface; S3, Carbon sequestration-economic closed-loop operation: Harvest bamboo and herbs every autumn, pyrolyze bamboo into biochar, and 30% of it is backfilled for sediment passivation; the medicinal residues are fermented into organic fertilizer and returned to the field to replace 30% of the chemical fertilizer dosage.

6. The mine restoration method based on sediment regeneration and symbiosis of bamboo and medicine according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the organic matter directional activation treatment in step S1, matrix compounding is carried out, and the compounding mass ratio is: sediment: bamboo charcoal: phosphogypsum = 7:2:

1. The compounded matrix is mechanically stirred to form an aggregate structure with a particle size of 1-3 mm.

7. A mine restoration method based on sediment regeneration and symbiosis of bamboo and medicine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The laccase gene engineering bacteria is a compound bacterium agent, including white rot fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and their mass ratio is 3:

1. After inoculation, aerobic fermentation is carried out for 15 days to generate an activated matrix.

8. A mine restoration method based on sediment regeneration and bamboo-medicine symbiosis according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, mycorrhiza-bamboo root symbiotic induction technology is adopted for Chinese medicinal material planting. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are inoculated by furrow application in the rhizosphere of the medicinal materials, and the hyphae extend to the bamboo rhizome to form a shared network. The inoculation amount is 2% of the sediment quality.

Images