Soluble dietary fiber composition containing galactomannan and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a soluble dietary fiber composition. The soluble dietary fiber composition comprises galactomannan, kelp dietary fibers, oat beta glucan, galactooligosaccharide, polydextrose, stachyose and xanthophyll. The invention also provides application of the soluble dietary fiber composition in functional food or constipation treatment medicines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a soluble dietary fiber composition comprising galactomannan, and also relates to the application of the soluble dietary fiber composition in functional foods or drugs for treating constipation. Background Art

[0002] Dietary fiber is the seventh essential nutrient officially recognized by the international nutrition community after carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Dietary fiber can be classified into soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber according to its complete dispersion ability when mixed with water. Insoluble dietary fiber includes components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Soluble dietary fiber is a polysaccharide that can dissolve in water to form a colloidal or gel-like substance, including pectin (such as apples and citrus fruits), β-glucan (such as oats and barley), inulin (such as chicory roots and onions), fructooligosaccharides (FOS) (such as bananas and garlic), gums (such as guar gum and gum arabic), etc. Although dietary fiber cannot be digested and absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, it has quite important physiological functions due to its special physicochemical structure. For example, it becomes a core nutrient for preventing metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases through multiple mechanisms such as regulating blood sugar, lowering cholesterol, and optimizing the intestinal flora.

[0003] Galactomannan refers to a natural polysaccharide composed of mannose linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds to form the main chain and galactose linked by α-1,6-glycosidic bonds to form the side chain, which is widely present in the endosperm and cell walls of various plants. The ratio of galactose residues to mannose residues in galactomannans from different sources is also different. For example, the ratios of the two in galactomannans from locust bean and guar bean are 1:4 and 1:2 respectively. Guar gum is a natural plant gum derived from guar beans, and its main component is galactomannan. It has various properties such as high viscosity, easy solubility in water, and good stability, and has received extensive attention from researchers and producers at home and abroad. Galactomannan is often used in food products to increase the viscosity of their aqueous phase. In addition, galactomannan is also used in medicine and beauty, and has various physiological functions, such as promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium in the small intestine, preventing constipation, colon cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and lowering blood sugar.

[0004] Kelp, as a common marine food, can also be an important source of dietary fiber. The dietary fiber content in dried kelp is usually between 10% and 40%, far exceeding the dietary fiber content in most vegetables (such as 1.6% in celery and 2.2% in spinach).

[0005] Lutein is a carotenoid that naturally exists in plants. Together with zeaxanthin, it constitutes the core pigment in the macula of the human eye retina and cannot be synthesized by the human body itself. It needs to be obtained through diet or supplements. It has strong antioxidant properties and is mainly distributed in the retina, lens, and skin.

[0006] When dietary fiber enters the intestine, intestinal flora will ferment and decompose it to generate a series of short-chain fatty acids. These small molecule compounds are key factors regulating human health. Existing studies have shown that soluble dietary fiber can relieve constipation symptoms in mice and constipated people. Its mechanism of action may be: increasing the number of probiotics such as Lactobacillus in the intestine; promoting the generation of short-chain fatty acids such as acetic acid; increasing the expression of intestinal tight junction protein genes and proteins that maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier.

[0007] Although kelp dietary fiber and lutein are common foods and drugs respectively, there are no reports that they can enhance the functions of other dietary fibers in improving the content of intestinal short-chain fatty acids and relieving constipation. Summary of the Invention

[0008] On the one hand, the present invention provides a soluble dietary fiber composition containing galactomannan, including galactomannan, kelp dietary fiber, oat β-glucan, galactooligosaccharide, polydextrose, stachyose, and lutein.

[0009] In some embodiments, the soluble dietary fiber composition comprises, by weight: 20-50 parts of galactomannan, 10-25 parts of kelp dietary fiber, 5-10 parts of oat β-glucan, 3-5 parts of galactooligosaccharide, 3-5 parts of polydextrose, 2-3 parts of stachyose, and 0.0003-0.0008 parts of lutein.

[0010] In some embodiments, the soluble dietary fiber composition comprises, by weight: 25 parts of galactomannan, 15 parts of kelp dietary fiber, 6 parts of oat β-glucan, 3 parts of galactooligosaccharide, 3 parts of polydextrose, 2 parts of stachyose, and 0.0005 parts of lutein.

[0011] In some embodiments, the soluble dietary fiber composition comprises, by weight: 35 parts of galactomannan, 20 parts of kelp dietary fiber, 5 parts of oat β-glucan, 4 parts of galactooligosaccharide, 5 parts of polydextrose, 2 parts of stachyose, and 0.0008 parts of lutein.

[0012] In some embodiments, the galactomannan is from guar bean.

[0013] In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the galactomannan is 5kD-30kD, 30kD-50kD, or 5kD-50kD.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention provides a functional food comprising the above soluble dietary fiber composition.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention provides the use of the above soluble dietary fiber composition in the preparation of a medicament for increasing the content of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention provides the use of the above soluble dietary fiber composition in the preparation of a medicament for treating or preventing constipation.

[0017] The soluble dietary fiber composition provided by the present invention can increase the content of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine and has the function of improving constipation symptoms. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0018] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0019] "Galactomannan" refers to a polysaccharide molecule in which the main chain is composed of β-1,4-mannose units and the side chain is linked to a single galactose through an α-1,6-glycosidic bond. Galactomannan can be derived from various plants, such as guar bean, locust bean, cassia seed, etc. The present invention preferably uses galactomannan derived from guar bean.

[0020] "Kelp dietary fiber" refers to the soluble dietary fiber extracted from kelp, mainly including alginate and fucoidan. Kelp dietary fiber can be obtained from kelp by various methods, such as enzymatic hydrolysis and chemical separation methods. The present invention preferably uses kelp dietary fiber prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis, and the enzymes used are, for example, a composite enzyme including cellulase and protease.

[0021] "Oat β-glucan" refers to β-(1→3) and β-(1→4) glucans present in oats. The main chain is mainly composed of D-pyranose glucose units linked by β-(1→4), and one β-(1→3) bond is inserted every 2-3 β-(1→4) bonds. Oat β-glucan can be prepared from oat bran by enzymatic hydrolysis.

[0022] "Galactooligosaccharide" is an oligosaccharide formed by linking 1-7 galactose groups to a galactose or glucose molecule. Galactooligosaccharide is present in small amounts in cow's milk. Industrially, it can be prepared by microbial (such as Aspergillus oryzae) fermentation.

[0023] "Polydextrose" is a synthetic water-soluble dietary fiber. The main chain is mainly composed of β-(1→6) glycosidic bonds, and at the same time contains a small amount of β-(1→3) and β-(1→4) bonds, forming a highly branched network structure. The molecular weight range is usually 3,000–30,000 Da.

[0024] The present invention provides a soluble dietary fiber composition, which comprises, by weight: 20-50 parts of galactomannan, 10-25 parts of kelp dietary fiber, 5-10 parts of oat β-glucan, 3-5 parts of galactooligosaccharide, 3-5 parts of polydextrose, 2-3 parts of stachyose, and 0.0003-0.0008 parts of lutein. The presence of kelp dietary fiber and lutein improves the defecation-promoting effect of other dietary fibers and has a therapeutic effect on constipation. The soluble dietary fiber composition provided by the present invention can be used as an additive in functional foods or as a medicine for improving constipation.

[0025] The following specific examples are used to illustrate the present invention. Example 1

[0026] A soluble dietary fiber composition is prepared by fully mixing the following components by weight: Galactomannan 25 parts Kelp dietary fiber 15 parts Oat β-glucan 6 parts Galactooligosaccharide 3 parts Polydextrose 3 parts Stachyose 2 parts Lutein 0.0005 parts Example 2

[0027] A soluble dietary fiber composition is prepared by fully mixing the following components by weight: Galactomannan 35 parts Kelp dietary fiber 20 parts Oat β-glucan 5 parts Galactooligosaccharide 4 parts Polydextrose 5 parts Stachyose 2 parts Lutein 0.0008 parts Comparative Example 1 A soluble dietary fiber composition is prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that kelp dietary fiber is not used.

[0028] Comparative Example 2 A soluble dietary fiber composition is prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that lutein is not used.

[0029] Comparative Example 3 A soluble dietary fiber composition is prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that neither kelp dietary fiber nor lutein is used.

[0030] Comparative Example 4 15 parts of kelp dietary fiber and 0.0005 parts of lutein are mixed to prepare a soluble dietary fiber composition. Example 3

[0031] After 7 days of adaptive feeding, 80 male ICR mice (19 - 22 g) were randomly divided into 8 groups of 10 mice each: blank control group, model control group, Example 1 group, Example 2 group, Comparative Example 1 group, Comparative Example 2 group, Comparative Example 3 group, and Comparative Example 4 group. The mice in the example groups and comparative example groups were each gavaged with the corresponding soluble dietary fiber composition (dissolved in physiological saline) at 1.2 g / kg BW for 7 consecutive days. The blank control group and the model control group were gavaged with an equal volume of physiological saline. The mice drank water and ate normally. After gavage on the 7th day, the mice were caged separately, fasted for 20 hours without water restriction, and the feces of the mice during this period were collected for the detection of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content. After 20 hours of fasting without water restriction, the model control group, example groups, and comparative example groups were gavaged with compound diphenoxylate (20 mg / kg BW), and the blank control group was gavaged with an equal volume of physiological saline. 1 hour later, the mice in the blank control group and the model control group were gavaged with ink, and the example groups and comparative example groups were gavaged with the corresponding soluble dietary fiber composition added with ink. They drank water and ate normally, and the first black feces excretion time (starting from the time of gavage with ink or the soluble dietary fiber composition containing ink, min), the number of black feces excreted within 10 hours, and the weight (g) of each mouse were observed and recorded.

[0032] The results of the first black feces excretion time (min), the number of black feces excreted within 10 hours, and the weight (g) of each group (mean value of each group) are shown in Table 1.

[0033] Table 1 Results of the first black feces excretion time (min), the number of black feces excreted within 10 hours, and the weight (g) of mice

[0034] Different lowercase letters in the same column as superscripts indicate significant differences between groups ( p <0.05), and the same lowercase letters indicate no significant differences between groups ( p >0.05).

[0035] Comparing the results of the blank control group and the model control group, there were significant differences in the first black feces excretion time (min), the number of black feces excreted within 10 hours, and the total weight of black feces (g), indicating that the constipation model was successfully established.

[0036] In the mice of Example 1 and Example 2 groups, compared with the mice of the model control group, the time (min) for the first black feces excretion was significantly shortened, indicating that the soluble dietary fiber compositions prepared in Example 1 and Example 2 had the effect of promoting defecation. In the mice of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 groups, compared with the mice of the model control group, the time for the first black feces excretion was also shortened, but the degree of shortening was weaker than that of Example 1 and Example 2 groups. This shows that the use of kelp dietary fiber and lutein improved the effects of other components (galactomannan, oat β-glucan, galactooligosaccharide, polydextrose and stachyose). The results of the number of black feces excreted and the total fecal weight within 10 hours were basically the same. In the mice of Comparative Example 4 group, although there were differences in the time for the first black feces excretion compared with the blank control group, there were no significant differences in the number of black feces excreted and the total weight of black feces compared with the blank control group, indicating that the kelp dietary fiber and lutein themselves had no obvious effect on promoting defecation. In particular, for lutein, our previous studies did not find that it had the effect of promoting defecation, but here it unexpectedly improved the defecation-promoting effect of other dietary fibers, especially when used in combination with kelp dietary fiber.

[0037] For each mouse, 5 feces collected on the 7th day were mixed, weighed, resuspended with pre-cooled PBS, homogenized in an ice bath, and centrifuged at 12,000 g for 10 minutes at 4°C. The supernatant was taken, the pH was adjusted to 3.0 with hydrochloric acid, extracted with ether, and the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces was detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

[0038] The results of the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are shown in Table 2.

[0039] Table 2 Detection results of the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (μmol / g)

[0040] Different lowercase letters in the same column with superscripts indicate significant differences between groups ( p <0.05), and the same lowercase letters indicate no significant differences between groups ( p >0.05).

[0041] In the feces of the mice in Example 1 group, the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid increased by 75.8%, 49.0% and 83.1% respectively compared with those of the mice in the blank control group; in the feces of the mice in Example 2 group, the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid increased by 70.8%, 50.2% and 96.6% respectively compared with those of the mice in the blank control group. In the comparative example groups, there were also increases in the content of short-chain fatty acids compared with the blank control group, but the increase ratios were not as significant as those in the example groups. Since these short-chain fatty acids can reduce the intestinal pH value, promote the absorption of calcium and magnesium-related ions in the intestine, and stimulate intestinal peristalsis, thus contributing to defecation, which is basically consistent with the above results of the first black feces excretion time, the number of feces excreted and the weight. Example 4

[0042] In our research, it was found that when using different batches of galactomannan, there were slight differences in the test results. After excluding other factors, it was found that the molecular weight of galactomannan could affect the defecation-promoting effect of the soluble dietary fiber composition of the present invention, and this effect was related to whether lutein was included in the soluble dietary fiber composition.

[0043] Weigh 50 g of guar gum and dissolve it in 1000 mL of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Add β-mannanase at a dosage of 2000 U / g of guar gum and degrade it with stirring at 45°C for 1 hour, then inactivate the enzyme in boiling water for 10 min. After centrifuging at 10000 g for 10 minutes, take the supernatant and dilute it to 10 L. Filter it successively with 100 kD, 50 kD, 30 kD, and 5 kD ultrafiltration membranes, and collect the retentate and the permeate filtered by the 5 kD ultrafiltration membrane in sequence, so as to obtain galactomannan solutions with molecular weights greater than 100 kD, between 100 kD and 50 kD, between 50 kD and 30 kD, between 30 kD and 5 kD, and less than 5 kD respectively. Concentrate it, then precipitate and purify it with ethanol, and spray dry it.

[0044] Prepare soluble dietary fiber compositions with galactomannan of different molecular weights respectively according to the method of Example 1 and the method of Comparative Example 2 (without lutein).

[0045] Conduct animal experiments according to the method of Example 3, and observe the time (min) of the first black stool excretion and detect the content of short-chain fatty acids in the feces.

[0046] The grouping of animal experiments is as follows.

[0047] Group 1#: Use the soluble dietary fiber composition prepared according to the method of Example 1, in which the molecular weight of galactomannan > 100 kD; Group 2#: Use the soluble dietary fiber composition prepared according to the method of Example 1, in which the molecular weight of galactomannan is 100 kD - 50 kD; Group 3#: Use the soluble dietary fiber composition prepared according to the method of Example 1, in which the molecular weight of galactomannan is 50 kD - 30 kD; Group 4#: Use the soluble dietary fiber composition prepared according to the method of Example 1, in which the molecular weight of galactomannan is 30 kD - 5 kD; Group 5#: Use the soluble dietary fiber composition prepared according to the method of Example 1, in which the molecular weight of galactomannan < 5 kD; Group 6#: Use the soluble dietary fiber composition prepared according to the method of Comparative Example 2, in which the molecular weight of galactomannan > 100 kD; 7#: Soluble dietary fiber composition prepared by the method of Comparative Example 2, wherein the molecular weight of galactomannan is 100 kD - 50 kD; 8#: Soluble dietary fiber composition prepared by the method of Comparative Example 2, wherein the molecular weight of galactomannan is 50 kD - 30 kD; 9#: Soluble dietary fiber composition prepared by the method of Comparative Example 2, wherein the molecular weight of galactomannan is 30 kD - 5 kD; 10#: Soluble dietary fiber composition prepared by the method of Comparative Example 2, wherein the molecular weight of galactomannan is < 5 kD.

[0048] In addition, a blank control group and a model control group were set up as in Example 3.

[0049] The detection results of the first defecation time and the content of short-chain fatty acids in feces are shown in Table 3.

[0050] Table 3 Detection results of the first black stool defecation time (min) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content (μmol / g)

[0051] Different lowercase letters in the same column with superscripts indicate significant differences between groups ( p <0.05), and the same lowercase letters indicate no significant differences between groups ( p >0.05).

[0052] It can be seen from the results in Table 3 that in the presence of lutein (Groups 1# - 5#), the first black stool defecation time of the groups with the molecular weight of galactomannan between 50 kD - 30 kD and 30 kD - 5 kD (Groups 3# and 4#) was earlier than that of the groups with other molecular weights, and the content of short-chain fatty acids in feces was also relatively high, showing significant differences. In the absence of lutein (Groups 6# - 10#), galactomannan with a molecular weight > 100 kD seemed to have a better effect (6#), but there were contradictory phenomena among the various detection results. For example, from the butyric acid detection results, the group with galactomannan of 100 kD - 50 kD had a relatively high butyric acid content in feces, and no obvious selectivity for a specific molecular weight size was shown in the overall effect.

Claims

1. A soluble dietary fiber composition, comprising galactomannan, kelp dietary fiber, oat β-glucan, galactooligosaccharide, polydextrose, stachyose, and lutein.

2. The soluble dietary fiber composition according to claim 1, comprising, by weight parts: Galactomannan 20 - 50 parts, kelp dietary fiber 10 - 25 parts, oat β-glucan 5 - 10 parts, galactooligosaccharide 3 - 5 parts, polydextrose 3 - 5 parts, stachyose 2 - 3 parts, and lutein 0.0003 - 0.0008 parts.

3. The soluble dietary fiber composition according to claim 2, comprising, by weight parts: Galactomannan 25 parts, kelp dietary fiber 15 parts, oat β-glucan 6 parts, galactooligosaccharide 3 parts, polydextrose 3 parts, stachyose 2 parts, and lutein 0.0005 parts.

4. The soluble dietary fiber composition according to claim 2, comprising, by weight parts: Galactomannan 35 parts, kelp dietary fiber 20 parts, oat β-glucan 5 parts, galactooligosaccharide 4 parts, polydextrose 5 parts, stachyose 2 parts, and lutein 0.0008 parts.

5. The soluble dietary fiber composition according to claim 1, wherein the galactomannan is derived from guar beans.

6. The soluble dietary fiber composition according to claim 5, wherein the molecular weight of the galactomannan is 5 kD - 30 kD, 30 kD - 50 kD, or 5 kD - 50 kD.

7. A functional food, comprising the soluble dietary fiber composition according to claims 1 - 5.

8. Use of the soluble dietary fiber composition according to claims 1 - 5 in the preparation of a medicament for increasing the content of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine.

9. Use of the soluble dietary fiber composition according to claims 1 - 5 in the preparation of a medicament for treating or preventing constipation.

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