Full-digital phased-array antenna rapid amplitude-phase self-calibration device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and discloses a quick amplitude-phase self-calibration device and method for an all-digital phased-array antenna. According to the invention, the satellite-borne baseband sends the self-calibration control instruction through the CPRI protocol, enters a transmitting channel amplitude-phase error self-calibration mode, enters a receiving channel amplitude-phase error self-calibration mode, and can realize on-orbit real-time channel amplitude-phase self-calibration of the full-digital phased-array antenna. The method is short in self-calibration period, does not depend on external instruments and equipment, and is particularly suitable for real-time calibration after long-term in-orbit operation of a satellite and change of the amplitude-phase characteristics of an antenna array plane channel; according to the antenna self-calibration method, a transmitting channel traversal form is adopted, and the expansion of the scale of the phased-array antenna does not need to increase hardware computing resources for antenna calibration; according to the invention, the time domain averaging and FFT dot frequency calculation methods are adopted to judge the antenna compensation data at the same time, so that external signal interference in the calibration process can be effectively avoided, and the amplitude-phase compensation precision is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention mainly relates to the technical field of microwave antennas, and particularly to a fast amplitude-phase self-calibration device and method for a fully digital phased array antenna. Background Art

[0002] For modern satellite communication phased array antennas, an excitation amplitude and phase are set for each antenna element to synthesize the required beam scanning and radiation pattern. Due to fluctuations in the antenna and feed network, combined with tolerances and deformations of TR components and transmission lines, the amplitude and phase of each antenna element deviate from the expected values, inevitably causing distortion of the antenna pattern. During the long-term in-orbit operation of the satellite, affected by environmental factors such as space radiation, light, temperature, and device aging, the antenna array surface undergoes thermal deformation, and the amplitude-phase characteristics of radio frequency electronic devices and coaxial cables change. To correct these deviations, the amplitude and phase of each element must be accurately measured and calibrated under in-orbit operating conditions.

[0003] Currently, commonly used amplitude-phase calibration methods include space-ground calibration methods and in-orbit calibration methods. The space-ground calibration method sets up an auxiliary antenna on the ground to receive the signals transmitted by the on-board antenna, and the ground receiver estimates the amplitude-phase errors of the on-board transmission channels. However, in practical applications, during the propagation of the calibration signal from the satellite to the ground, it is easily interfered by environmental factors such as space propagation loss, multipath, and rain fade in the space-ground link, and the non-synchronous clocks of the on-board and ground stations bring synchronization problems, affecting the stability of the measurement results. The in-orbit calibration method often uses an orthogonal modulation spread spectrum signal as the calibration signal, and the on-board receiver uses the orthogonality of the signals to separate the calibration signals of each channel and obtain the corresponding amplitude-phase errors. However, due to the limitations of the volume and resources of the satellite platform for the on-board antenna, for large-scale on-board phased array antennas, the in-orbit calibration method still has limitations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a fast amplitude-phase self-calibration device and method for a fully digital phased array antenna, which realizes fast amplitude-phase self-calibration of the transceiver channels of the digital phased array antenna without relying on external hardware devices, can not only meet the fast self-calibration requirements of large-aperture and multi-channel on-board communication phased array antennas, but also has the ability of real-time in-orbit calibration and compensation of the antenna self-closed loop.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fast amplitude-phase self-calibration device for a fully digital phased array antenna, including a radiation array, digital TR components, a calibration component, an antenna control module, an optical transmission network, and a radio frequency calibration network; The radiation array includes a separately arranged transmitting and receiving antenna array and an analog filter for receiving the uplink signal; the digital TR module includes an analog filter for the downlink, an ADC, a DAC, an FPGA, a radio frequency power amplifier, and a low-noise amplifier; the calibration module includes an ADC, a DAC, an FPGA, a radio frequency power amplifier, and a low-noise amplifier; the antenna control module includes a downlink data parsing module and a data packaging module; the optical transmission network includes an optical fiber network for transmitting control and data between the digital TR module, the calibration module, and the antenna control module; the radio frequency calibration network includes a radio frequency cable network for transmitting radio frequency signals between the digital TR module and the calibration module; The digital TR module and the calibration module are connected to the antenna control module through the optical transmission network; The calibration module is connected to the radiation array through the radio frequency calibration network; The transceiver channels of each digital TR module are connected to the corresponding ports of the radiation array through SMP connectors.

[0006] Furthermore, the functions of the radiation array include receiving the uplink microwave signal and converting it into an electrical signal for transmission to the digital TR module; converting the downlink excitation signal into a microwave signal and radiating it into space; The functions of the digital TR module include, according to the control instruction, sampling the uplink signal through the ADC to convert it into a digital signal and packing it for output through the optical fiber; controlling the DAC to generate the downlink signal and mixing it with the operating local oscillator, filtering, and amplifying; receiving the uplink signal distributed by the calibration module through the radio frequency calibration network and performing processing including filtering, amplifying, and AD conversion, and completing the calculation of the uplink compensation matrix inside the FPGA; The functions of the calibration module include the DAC generating the uplink calibration signal; receiving the downlink signal transmitted by the digital TR module and performing processing including AD conversion through the ADC, and completing the calculation of the downlink compensation matrix inside the FPGA; The functions of the antenna control module include receiving the self-calibration control instruction sent by the on-board baseband, controlling the full-digital phased array antenna to enter the amplitude-phase self-calibration working mode; receiving the downlink compensation matrix transmitted by the calibration module, completing the parsing of the downlink calibration data and packing the compensation data, and sending it to the digital TR module through the optical transmission network.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for fast amplitude-phase self-calibration of a full-digital phased array antenna, which automatically completes the channel amplitude-phase calibration of the digital phased array inside the full-digital phased array antenna, including the following steps: Step 1: Use the fast amplitude-phase self-calibration device of the full-digital phased array antenna in Claims 1-2; Step 2: The on-board baseband sends the self-calibration control instruction through the CPRI protocol, and the antenna control module receives the self-calibration control instruction sent by the on-board baseband, and the full-digital phased array antenna enters the amplitude-phase error self-calibration state of the transmitting channel, including the following steps: S1: When performing the amplitude and phase error self-calibration of the transmit channels, the antenna control module sends control commands to control the FPGA of the corresponding channels of the digital TR module to generate downlink calibration signals in the form of traversing the transmit channels. After DA conversion, the downlink RF signals are output to the ADC of the calibration module through the RF calibration network for analog-to-digital conversion; S2: The generated downlink IQ data is output to the amplitude and phase compensation calculation module inside the FPGA of the calibration module for calculating the amplitude and phase compensation matrix; S3: Under the control of the antenna control module, it is forwarded through the optical transmission network to the RAM storage module inside the digital TR module to complete the amplitude and phase error correction between the transmit channels; Step 3: After completing the self-calibration of the amplitude and phase errors of the transmit channels, the fully digital phased array antenna enters the self-calibration state of the amplitude and phase errors of the receive channels, including the following steps: S4: When performing the amplitude and phase error self-calibration of the receive channels, the antenna control module sends control commands to control the FPGA of the calibration module to generate uplink calibration signals. After analog-to-digital conversion, the uplink RF signals are output to the ADC of each digital TR module through the RF calibration network for analog-to-digital conversion; S5: The generated uplink IQ data is output to the amplitude and phase compensation calculation module inside the FPGA of the digital TR module for calculating the amplitude and phase compensation matrix; S6: Under the control of the antenna control module, it is forwarded through the optical transmission network to the RAM storage module inside the digital TR module to complete the amplitude and phase error correction between the receive channels.

[0008] Furthermore, the amplitude and phase compensation calculation module inside the FPGA of the calibration module in step S2 includes a time domain decimation module, a mean value calculation module, an FFT calculation module, a comparison and decision module, and a data packing module.

[0009] Furthermore, the amplitude and phase compensation calculation module inside the FPGA of the digital TR module in step S5 includes a time domain decimation module, a mean value calculation module, an FFT calculation module, and a comparison and decision module.

[0010] Furthermore, when performing the amplitude and phase error self-calibration of the transmit channels in step 2, it includes the following steps: T1: The downlink signals of each transmit channel are sequentially output to the time domain decimation module. The time domain decimation module decimates the downlink digital signals at equal time intervals according to the data rate and outputs the IQ data to the mean value calculation module and the FFT calculation module; T2: The mean value calculation module performs a time domain mean value operation based on the data information within the decimated equal time interval gating to calculate the time domain amplitude and phase compensation data of each transmit channel; T3: The FFT calculation module performs a fast Fourier transform on the transmit channel IQ data to generate the corresponding frequency domain amplitude and phase compensation data; T4: The time-domain and frequency-domain compensation data of the transmission channels are output to the comparison and decision module, which compares and decides on the amplitude-phase compensation data calculated respectively. If the error of the amplitude-phase compensation data obtained by the time-domain and frequency-domain calculation methods is less than the threshold, it is determined that the compensation data is valid and output to the data packing module. T5: The data packing module packs the amplitude-phase compensation data and the corresponding transmission channel numbers, and forwards the compensation matrix to the antenna control module through the optical transmission network to complete the amplitude-phase error correction between the transmission channels.

[0011] Furthermore, when performing the amplitude-phase error self-calibration of the receiving channels in step 3, it includes the following steps: T6: The uplink signal generated by the calibration component is output to the time-domain extraction module inside each digital TR component through the RF calibration network at the same time. The time-domain extraction module extracts the uplink digital signal at equal time intervals according to the data rate, and outputs the IQ data to the mean calculation module and the FFT calculation module at the same time. T7: The mean calculation module performs the time-domain mean operation according to the data information within the extracted equal-time interval gating. T8: The FFT calculation module performs a fast Fourier transform on the receiving channel IQ data to calculate the amplitude and phase compensation data in each receiving channel respectively. T9: The time-domain and frequency-domain compensation data of the receiving channels are output to the comparison and decision module, which compares and decides on the amplitude-phase compensation data calculated respectively. If the error of the amplitude-phase compensation data obtained by the time-domain and frequency-domain calculation methods is less than the threshold, it is determined that the compensation data is valid. T10: Output the amplitude-phase compensation data to the RAM storage module inside the digital TR component to complete the amplitude-phase error correction between the receiving channels.

[0012] Furthermore, when performing the amplitude-phase error self-calibration of the transmission channels, the mean calculation module performs the time-domain mean operation according to the extracted data , and the formula for performing the time-domain mean operation is , where and are the time-domain amplitude-phase compensation reference data in the corresponding channels; The formula for the FFT calculation module to perform a fast Fourier transform on the transmission channel IQ data is , is the frequency-domain amplitude-phase compensation reference data in the corresponding channel, where is the frequency of the corresponding single-tone signal.

[0013] Furthermore, when performing the amplitude-phase error self-calibration of the receiving channels, the mean calculation module performs the time-domain mean operation according to the data information within the extracted gating, and the formula is , where and The time-domain amplitude-phase compensation reference data in the corresponding channel; The formula for the fast Fourier transform of the received channel IQ data by the FFT calculation module is , is the frequency-domain amplitude-phase compensation reference data of the corresponding channel, is the frequency of the corresponding single-tone signal.

[0014] Advantages: The present invention provides a fast amplitude-phase self-calibration device and method for a fully digital phased array antenna. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages: (1) It has the ability of all-weather on-orbit real-time self-calibration. The present invention does not rely on external instrument equipment and can automatically complete the channel amplitude-phase calibration of the digital phased array inside the antenna system; it is especially suitable for the real-time calibration after the amplitude-phase characteristics of the antenna array surface channels change during the long-term on-orbit operation of the satellite; (2) The self-calibration period is short and the time consumption can be flexibly configured. The self-calibration completed automatically inside the antenna system of the present invention only relates to the pulse repetition period PRT of the system, and the flexible configuration of the antenna self-calibration time can be realized by adjusting the length of the PRT; (3) It consumes less resources and the applicable scale can be expanded. The present invention adopts the form of traversing the transmitting channels for antenna self-calibration, and the expansion of the phased array antenna scale does not require an increase in the hardware computing resources for antenna calibration; (4) The amplitude-phase compensation accuracy is high. The present invention uses both the time-domain averaging and FFT point-frequency calculation methods to judge the antenna compensation data, which can effectively avoid external signal interference during the calibration process. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 is the electrical principle block diagram of the fast amplitude-phase self-calibration device for a fully digital phased array antenna involved in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is the flow chart of the fast amplitude-phase self-calibration method for a fully digital phased array antenna involved in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is the electrical principle block diagram of the transmitting amplitude-phase compensation calculation module involved in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is the electrical principle block diagram of the receiving amplitude-phase compensation calculation module involved in the embodiment of the present invention; Description of the Reference Numerals: 1 is the radiation array; 2 is the digital TR module; 3 is the calibration module; 4 is the antenna control module; 5 is the optical transmission network; 6 is the RF calibration network. Detailed Embodiments

[0016] FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a highly flexible programmable logic device, which is widely used in the fields of digital circuit design, communication, artificial intelligence, etc.

[0017] The ADC is an Analog-to-Digital Converter that converts continuous analog signals (such as voltage and current) into discrete digital signals for processing by digital systems (such as microprocessors and FPGAs).

[0018] The DAC is a Digital-Analog Converter that converts discrete digital signals (binary codes) into continuous analog signals (such as voltage and current).

[0019] The ADC and DAC are often used in combination to form a complete signal processing chain: analog signal → ADC → digital system processing → DAC → analog signal. Embodiment

[0020] The present invention provides a fast amplitude-phase self-calibration device for a fully digital phased array antenna, as Figure 1 shown, the fully digital phased array antenna is composed of a radiation array 1, a digital TR module 2, a calibration module 3, an antenna control module 4, an optical transmission network 5, and a radio frequency calibration network 6; the radiation array includes a separately arranged transmitting and receiving antenna array and an analog filter for receiving the uplink signal; the digital TR module includes an analog filter, an ADC, a DAC, an FPGA, a radio frequency power amplifier, and a low-noise amplifier in the downlink; the calibration module includes an ADC, a DAC, an FPGA, a radio frequency power amplifier, and a low-noise amplifier; the antenna control module includes a downlink data parsing module and a data packing module; the optical transmission network includes an optical fiber network for transmitting control and data between the digital TR module, the calibration module, and the antenna control module; the radio frequency calibration network includes a radio frequency cable network for transmitting radio frequency signals between the digital TR module and the calibration module.

[0021] Among them, the digital TR module 2 and the calibration module 3 are connected to the antenna control module 4 through the optical transmission network 5, the calibration module 3 is connected to the radiation array 1 through the radio frequency calibration network 6, and the transceiver channels of each digital TR module are connected to the corresponding ports of the radiation array through SMP connectors; The functions of the radiation array 1 include receiving the uplink microwave signal and converting it into an electrical signal for transmission to the digital TR module 2; converting the downlink excitation signal into a microwave signal and radiating it into space; The functions of the digital TR component 2 include: according to the control instructions, sampling the uplink signal through the ADC (2.1) and converting it into a digital signal for output after being packed by the optical fiber. The uplink signal refers to the radio frequency signal in space received by the digital TR component or the calibration signal generated by the calibration component; controlling the DAC (2.2) to generate a downlink signal, mixing it with the operating local oscillator, filtering, and amplifying. The downlink signal refers to the digital signal generated by the internal FPGA of the digital TR component, which is radiated out as a radio frequency signal after being transformed by the DAC, mixed with the operating local oscillator, filtered, and amplified; receiving the uplink signal distributed by the calibration component through the radio frequency calibration network, and performing filtering, amplification, AD conversion and other processing, and completing the calculation of the uplink compensation matrix inside the FPGA (2.3). The functions of the calibration component include: the DAC (3.2) generates an uplink calibration signal; receiving the downlink signal transmitted by the digital TR component and performing AD conversion and other processing through the ADC (3.1), and completing the calculation of the downlink compensation matrix inside the FPGA (3.3). The functions of the antenna control module 4 include: receiving the self-calibration instruction sent by the on-board baseband, and controlling the antenna to enter the amplitude-phase self-calibration working mode; receiving the downlink compensation matrix transmitted by the calibration component, completing the parsing of the downlink calibration data (4.1) and the packing of the compensation data (4.2), and sending them to the digital TR component 2 through the optical transmission network 5. The functions of the optical transmission network 5 include: controlling the transmission and distribution of signals to the digital TR component 2 and the calibration component 3, as well as the transmission of the downlink compensation matrix of the calibration component 3; the functions of the radio frequency calibration network 6 include: the transmission and power distribution of the uplink calibration signal. Embodiment

[0022] A fast amplitude-phase self-calibration method for a fully digital phased array antenna, the process is as Figure 2 shown, and specifically includes the following steps: S1. The on-board baseband sends the self-calibration working mode through the CPRI protocol; S11. The antenna control module 4 receives the control instruction, and the antenna enters the transmit self-calibration mode; S12. The transmit channel starts counting, N = 1; S13. The antenna control module 4 sends an instruction, and the FPGA (2.3) of the digital TR component 2 controls the Nth channel to open; S14. The FPGA (2.3) of the digital TR component 2 generates a downlink calibration symbol, completes digital-to-analog conversion through the corresponding transmit channel's DAC (2.2) to generate a downlink calibration single-tone signal, and enters the calibration component 3 through the radio frequency calibration network 6; S15. The calibration component 3 completes the amplitude-phase compensation calculation, and the specific principle is as Figure 3As shown, the calibrated single-tone signal is output to the ADC (3.1) of the calibration component 3 for analog-to-digital conversion; the generated downlink IQ data is output to the time-domain decimation module (3.3.1), and the time-domain decimation module (3.3.1) decimates the downlink digital signal at equal time intervals according to the data rate to obtain time-domain data , where n = 0, 1, 2... N-1, and N is the total number of time-domain decimation windows; and this IQ data is simultaneously output to the mean calculation module (3.3.2) and the FFT calculation module (3.3.3); The mean calculation module (3.3.2) calculates according to the decimated data , and the formula for performing time-domain mean calculation is (Formula 1); where and are the time-domain amplitude-phase compensation reference data in the corresponding channels; The formula for the FFT calculation module (3.3.3) to perform a fast Fourier transform on the transmit channel IQ data is (Formula 2); is the frequency-domain amplitude-phase compensation reference data in the corresponding channel, is the frequency of the corresponding single-tone signal; The time-domain and frequency-domain compensation data calculated above are output to the comparison and decision module (3.3.4) to compare and decide on the amplitude-phase compensation data calculated respectively. If the error of the amplitude-phase compensation data obtained by the time-domain and frequency-domain calculation methods is less than the threshold, it is determined that the compensation data is valid and output to the data packing module (3.3.5); S16. The data packing module (3.3.5) packs the amplitude-phase compensation data and the corresponding channel numbers, and forwards the compensation matrix to the antenna control module 4 through the optical transmission network 5; the antenna control module 4 forwards the compensation data to the RAM storage module (2.3.5) inside the digital TR component 2 through the optical transmission network 5 to complete the amplitude-phase error correction of the corresponding transmit channel; S17. The transmit channel count is incremented, N = N + 1; S18. The antenna control module 4 determines the transmit channel number. If the transmit traversal is not completed, repeat steps S13~S18, otherwise switch to the antenna receive self-calibration mode; S2. The antenna enters the receive self-calibration mode; S21. The antenna control module 4 sends a control command to control the FPGA (3.3) of the calibration component 3 to generate an uplink calibration symbol, which is digitally-to-analog converted by the corresponding DAC (3.2) of the calibration component to generate an uplink calibrated single-tone signal, and is output to each receive channel of the digital TR component 2 through the radio frequency calibration network (6) at the same time; S22. The digital TR component 2 internally completes the amplitude-phase compensation calculation, and the specific principle is as Figure 4As shown, the uplink calibration signal enters the ADC (2.1) of the receiving channel of the digital TR module 2 for analog-to-digital conversion, and the generated uplink IQ data is output to the time-domain decimation module (2.3.1) inside the digital TR module 2; The time-domain decimation module (2.3.1) decimates the uplink digital signal at equal time intervals according to the data rate to obtain time-domain data , where n = 0, 1, 2... N - 1, and N is the total number of time-domain decimation gates; and this IQ data is simultaneously output to the mean calculation module (2.3.2) and the FFT calculation module (2.3.3); The formula for the mean calculation module (2.3.2) to perform time-domain mean calculation according to the data information within the decimation gate is (Formula 3), where and are the time-domain amplitude-phase compensation reference data in the corresponding channel; The formula for the FFT calculation module (2.3.3) to perform fast Fourier transform on the received channel IQ data is (Formula 4), is the frequency-domain amplitude-phase compensation reference data in the corresponding channel, is the frequency of the corresponding single-tone signal; The time-domain and frequency-domain compensation data of the receiving channel are output to the comparison and decision module (2.3.4) to compare and decide on the amplitude-phase compensation data calculated respectively. If the error of the amplitude-phase compensation data obtained by the time-domain and frequency-domain calculation methods is less than the threshold, it is determined that the compensation data is valid, and the amplitude-phase compensation data is output and sent to the RAM storage module (2.3.5) inside the digital TR module 2 to complete the amplitude-phase error correction of the receiving channel.

[0023] The present invention provides a full-digital phased array antenna fast amplitude-phase self-calibration device and method, which realizes the on-orbit real-time channel amplitude-phase self-calibration of the full-digital phased array antenna, and has the advantages of fast calibration speed, high compensation accuracy, and less resource consumption.

[0024] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features. However, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fast amplitude-phase self-calibration device for a fully digital phased array antenna, characterized in that It includes a radiation array, a digital TR component, a calibration component, an antenna control module, an optical transmission network, and a radio frequency calibration network; The radiation array includes a separately arranged transmitting and receiving antenna array and an analog filter for receiving the uplink signal; the digital TR component includes an analog filter for the downlink, an ADC, a DAC, an FPGA, a radio frequency power amplifier, and a low noise amplifier; the calibration component includes an ADC, a DAC, an FPGA, a radio frequency power amplifier, and a low noise amplifier; the antenna control module includes a downlink data parsing module and a data packing module; the optical transmission network includes an optical fiber network for transmitting control and data between the digital TR component, the calibration component, and the antenna control module; the radio frequency calibration network includes a radio frequency cable network for transmitting radio frequency signals between the digital TR component and the calibration component; The digital TR component and the calibration component are connected to the antenna control module through the optical transmission network; The calibration component is connected to the radiation array through the radio frequency calibration network; The transceiver channels of each digital TR component are connected to the corresponding ports of the radiation array through SMP connectors.

2. The full-digital phased array antenna fast amplitude-phase self-calibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that The functions of the radiation array include receiving the uplink microwave signal and converting it into an electrical signal for transmission to the digital TR component; converting the downlink excitation signal into a microwave signal and radiating it into space; The functions of the digital TR component include, according to the control instruction, sampling the uplink signal through the ADC to convert it into a digital signal and packing it for output through the optical fiber; controlling the DAC to generate the downlink signal and mixing it with the working local oscillator, filtering, and amplifying; Receiving the uplink signal distributed by the calibration component through the radio frequency calibration network, and performing processing including filtering, amplification, and AD conversion, and completing the calculation of the uplink compensation matrix inside the FPGA; The functions of the calibration component include the DAC generating the uplink calibration signal; receiving the downlink signal transmitted by the digital TR component and performing processing including AD conversion through the ADC, and completing the calculation of the downlink compensation matrix inside the FPGA; The functions of the antenna control module include receiving the self-calibration control instruction sent by the on-board baseband, and controlling the full-digital phased array antenna to enter the amplitude-phase self-calibration working mode; Receiving the downlink compensation matrix transmitted by the calibration component, completing the parsing of the downlink calibration data and packing of the compensation data, and sending it to the digital TR component through the optical transmission network.

3. A fast amplitude and phase self - calibration method for a fully digital phased array antenna, characterized in that, Automatically complete the channel amplitude-phase calibration of the digital phased array inside the full-digital phased array antenna, including the following steps: Step 1: Use the full-digital phased array antenna fast amplitude-phase self-calibration device of claims 1-2; Step 2: The on-board baseband sends the self-calibration control instruction through the CPRI protocol. The antenna control module receives the self-calibration control instruction sent by the on-board baseband, and the full-digital phased array antenna enters the amplitude-phase error self-calibration state of the transmitting channel, including the following steps: S1: When performing the amplitude-phase error self-calibration of the transmitting channel, the antenna control module sends a control instruction to control the FPGA of the corresponding channel of the digital TR component to generate the downlink calibration signal in the form of traversing the transmitting channel. After DA conversion, the downlink radio frequency signal is output to the ADC of the calibration component through the radio frequency calibration network for analog-to-digital conversion; S2: The generated downlink IQ data is output to the amplitude-phase compensation calculation module inside the calibration component FPGA for amplitude-phase compensation matrix calculation; S3: Under the control of the antenna control module, it is forwarded through the optical transmission network to the RAM storage module inside the digital TR component to complete the amplitude-phase error correction between the transmit channels; Step 3: After completing the amplitude-phase error self-calibration of the transmit channels, the fully digital phased array antenna enters the amplitude-phase error self-calibration state of the receive channels, including the following steps: S4: When performing the amplitude-phase error self-calibration of the receive channels, the antenna control module sends a control command to control the FPGA of the calibration component to generate an uplink calibration signal. After analog-to-digital conversion, the uplink RF signal is output to the ADC of each digital TR component through the RF calibration network for analog-to-digital conversion; S5: The generated uplink IQ data is output to the amplitude-phase compensation calculation module inside the digital TR component FPGA for amplitude-phase compensation matrix calculation; S6: Under the control of the antenna control module, it is forwarded through the optical transmission network to the RAM storage module inside the digital TR component to complete the amplitude-phase error correction between the receive channels.

4. The fast amplitude and phase self-calibration method for a full-digital phased array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that The amplitude-phase compensation calculation module inside the calibration component FPGA in step S2 includes a time-domain decimation module, a mean calculation module, an FFT calculation module, a comparison and decision module, and a data packing module.

5. The fast amplitude and phase self-calibration method for a full-digital phased array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that The amplitude-phase compensation calculation module inside the digital TR component FPGA in step S5 includes a time-domain decimation module, a mean calculation module, an FFT calculation module, and a comparison and decision module.

6. The fast amplitude and phase self - calibration method for the all - digital phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, When performing the amplitude-phase error self-calibration of the transmit channels in step 2, it includes the following steps: T1: The downlink signals of each transmit channel are sequentially output to the time-domain decimation module. The time-domain decimation module decimates the downlink digital signals at equal time intervals according to the data rate and outputs the IQ data to the mean calculation module and the FFT calculation module; T2: The mean calculation module performs a time-domain mean operation based on the data information within the decimated equal-time interval window to calculate the time-domain amplitude-phase compensation data of each transmit channel; T3: The FFT calculation module performs a fast Fourier transform on the transmit channel IQ data to generate the corresponding frequency-domain amplitude-phase compensation data; T4: The time-domain and frequency-domain compensation data of the transmit channel are output to the comparison and decision module to compare and decide on the amplitude-phase compensation data calculated respectively. If the error between the amplitude-phase compensation data obtained by the time-domain and frequency-domain calculation methods is less than the threshold, it is determined that the compensation data is valid and output to the data packing module; T5: The data packing module packs the amplitude-phase compensation data and the corresponding transmit channel number, and forwards the compensation matrix to the antenna control module through the optical transmission network to complete the amplitude-phase error correction between the transmit channels.

7. The fast amplitude and phase self-calibration method for all-digital phased array antennas according to claim 5, characterized in that When performing the amplitude-phase error self-calibration of the receive channels in step 3, it includes the following steps: T6: The uplink signal generated by the calibration component is simultaneously output to the time-domain decimation module inside each digital TR component through the RF calibration network. The time-domain decimation module decimates the uplink digital signals at equal time intervals according to the data rate and simultaneously outputs the IQ data to the mean calculation module and the FFT calculation module; T7: The mean calculation module performs a time-domain mean operation based on the data information within the decimated equal-time interval window; T8: The FFT calculation module performs a fast Fourier transform on the received channel IQ data to calculate the amplitude and phase compensation data in each received channel respectively; T9: The time-domain and frequency-domain compensation data of the received channel are output to the comparison and decision module to compare and decide on the amplitude-phase compensation data calculated respectively. If the error of the amplitude-phase compensation data obtained by the time-domain and frequency-domain calculation methods is less than the threshold, the compensation data is determined to be valid; T10: Output the amplitude-phase compensation data to the RAM storage module inside the digital TR component to complete the amplitude-phase error correction between received channels.

8. The fast amplitude and phase self-calibration method for all-digital phased array antennas according to claim 6, characterized in that When performing self-calibration of the amplitude and phase errors of the transmission channels, the mean calculation module calculates the mean value according to the extracted data , and the formula for performing the time-domain mean value operation is , where and are the time-domain amplitude and phase compensation reference data in the corresponding channels; The formula for the fast Fourier transform of the transmit channel IQ data by the FFT calculation module is , is the frequency domain amplitude and phase compensation reference data for the corresponding channel, where is the frequency of the corresponding single-tone signal.

9. The fast amplitude and phase self - calibration method for the all - digital phased array antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, When performing self-calibration of the amplitude-phase error of the receiving channel, the formula for the mean calculation module to perform the time-domain mean operation according to the data information within the extraction gate is , where and are the amplitude-phase compensation reference data in the time domain of the corresponding channels; The formula for the FFT calculation module to perform fast Fourier transform on the received channel IQ data is , is the reference data for amplitude and phase compensation in the frequency domain of the corresponding channel, is the frequency of the corresponding single-tone signal.

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