Non-grain-based morchella esculenta nutrition medium, nutrition bag, preparation method and morchella esculenta planting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of morchella esculenta planting, and particularly relates to a non-grain-based morchella esculenta nutrient medium, a nutrient bag, a preparation method and a morchella esculenta planting method. The nutrient medium can be prepared by taking cassava as a main material and rice husks and mushroom dregs as auxiliary materials, controlling the amylopectin content and the aeration porosity within a preset range by adjusting the ratio of the raw materials, and adding quick lime, gypsum and the like as pH value regulators. The problem that a traditional nutrition bag depends on grain resources such as wheat is solved, and resource recycling is achieved through cassava and agricultural waste mushroom dregs and rice husks. Particularly, under the condition of optimal proportioning, the fruiting amount of the morchella in unit area is obviously increased compared with that of a traditional wheat substrate, and the raw material cost is reduced. Moreover, the key influence of the synergy of the amylopectin content and the aeration porosity in the non-grain-based morchella esculenta nutrition medium on morchella esculenta fruiting is found, and a reference direction is provided for screening of the non-grain-based morchella esculenta nutrition medium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of morel cultivation, and in particular relates to a non-grain-based morel nutrient matrix, a nutrient bag, a preparation method and a morel cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Building a diversified food supply system is an important direction to ensure food security. As a key component of this system, the edible fungi industry has shown a rapid development trend in recent years. According to statistics, from 2010 to 2024, my country's edible fungi output and output value increased from 22.0116 million tons and 141.422 billion yuan to 43.3417 million tons and 396.557 billion yuan, respectively, and the scale of the industry continued to expand. As a rare edible fungus with high edible and medicinal value, the market demand for morels has increased year by year. The current supply and demand relationship has been in a state of supply shortage for a long time, and the industry has significant development potential.

[0003] However, the large-scale production of morels faces a prominent contradiction between resource consumption and food security. Nutrient bags are the core input for morel cultivation, and their traditional formula uses wheat as the main ingredient (accounting for 50%-70%). Based on the national planting area of 447,300 mu in 2023, the annual consumption of wheat for morel production is about 223,700 tons. Therefore, reducing dependence on grain-based raw materials has become an urgent need for the sustainable development of the morel industry.

[0004] The green production idea of Morchella nutrient bags is an important technical path to solve the current difficulties of the Morchella industry. The existing ideas for the green production of Morchella nutrient bags are mainly carried out around wheat reduction and agricultural waste substitution, so as to achieve a certain degree of wheat reduction in nutrient bags. However, there are still two major bottlenecks: First, the formula is still based on wheat, and it has not fundamentally gotten rid of the dependence on food resources; second, there is a lack of sufficient theoretical guidance for the selection of raw materials, and the blindness of the composition ratio is strong, resulting in unstable performance of nutrient bags and long selection cycles. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a non-grain-based morchella nutrient matrix, a nutrient bag, a preparation method and a morchella cultivation method. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems that the existing morchella nutrient matrix has not fundamentally gotten rid of the dependence on grain resources and / or the morchella nutrient matrix screening lacks sufficient theoretical guidance and is highly blind.

[0006] The invention provides a non-grain-based morel nutrient matrix, comprising a basic raw material, wherein the basic raw material is obtained by mixing a non-grain-based biomass main material and a non-grain-based biomass auxiliary material, and the types and ratios of the biomass main material and the biomass auxiliary material are adjusted so that the content of amylopectin in the non-grain-based morel nutrient matrix is not less than 21%, and the ventilation porosity of the non-grain-based morel nutrient matrix is within the range of 29% to 35%.

[0007] As a preferred non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate, it includes a basic raw material and an auxiliary agent with a mass fraction not exceeding 3%; the basic raw material is obtained by proportioning a non-grain-based biomass main material and a non-grain-based biomass auxiliary material. The non-grain-based biomass main material is cassava, and the non-grain-based biomass auxiliary material is selected from rice husks and mushroom residues. By adjusting the types and proportions of the biomass main material and the biomass auxiliary material, the content of branched-chain starch in the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate is in the range of 21.4% to 37.0%, and the aeration porosity of the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate is in the range of 29.7% to 34.7%.

[0008] As a further optimized scheme of the above non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate, the auxiliary agent includes a pH regulator, and the pH value of the nutrient substrate is adjusted to the range of 6.5 to 7.5.

[0009] As a further optimized scheme of the above non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate, the auxiliary agent is a pH regulator accounting for 1% to 3% of the mass of the nutrient substrate. The pH regulator is a combination of quicklime and gypsum, and the pH value of the nutrient substrate is adjusted to the range of 6.5 to 7.5.

[0010] As a further optimized scheme of the above non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate, in the basic raw material, the mass fraction of cassava is 40% to 61.7%, the mass fraction of rice husks is 6.8% to 30%, and the mass fraction of mushroom residues is 27.7% to 50.0%.

[0011] As a further optimized scheme of the above non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate, in the basic raw material, the corresponding mass fractions of cassava, rice husks, and mushroom residues are 40%, 30%, and 30% respectively.

[0012] The present invention further provides a non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient bag, which includes a bag body and the above non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate filled in the bag body.

[0013] The present invention further provides a preparation method of the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient bag, which includes the following steps:

[0014] Step S1: Raw material preparation, chopping the main material cassava and adjusting the moisture content of the auxiliary materials rice husks and mushroom residues to more than 50%;

[0015] Step S2: Mixing and compounding, adjusting the proportions of cassava, rice husks, and mushroom residues according to the parameter requirements of the preset branched-chain starch content and aeration porosity, and adding an auxiliary agent, and mixing evenly;

[0016] Step S3: Filling and sterilizing, filling the evenly mixed nutrient substrate into a plastic bag and performing a sterilization treatment; obtaining the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient bag.

[0017] As a further optimization scheme for the preparation method of the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient bag, in step S1, cassava is chopped into particles with a size not exceeding 0.8 cm, and the biomass auxiliary raw material is soaked or sprayed with water to increase the moisture content to a preset moisture content; in step S2, it includes multiple mixings. The first mixing is used to evenly mix the biomass main material and the biomass auxiliary material, and the second mixing is used to stir the pH regulator evenly after adding the pH regulator; in step S3, the plastic bag is made of heat-resistant polypropylene plastic bag, and the sterilization treatment adopts high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization or high-temperature and normal-pressure sterilization. The high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization conditions are to maintain for 3 - 4 h at 121 - 126 °C, and then cool and take out; the high-temperature and normal-pressure sterilization conditions are to maintain for 15 - 18 h at 100 °C, and then cool and take out.

[0018] The present invention further provides a method for cultivating Morchella esculenta, using the above non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient bag, including sowing Morchella esculenta strains. After sowing for 7 - 10 days, the nutrient bag is slit and placed on the ground close to the ground, controlling the placement density, and performing field management until fruiting.

[0019] The present invention also further provides a method for screening the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient matrix formula, including the following steps:

[0020] Step T1: Initial screening of the formula. The non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient matrix includes basic raw materials and additives. The basic raw materials are obtained by proportioning non-grain-based biomass main materials and non-grain-based biomass auxiliary materials. By adjusting the types and proportions of the biomass main materials and biomass auxiliary materials, the content of branched-chain starch in the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient matrix is within the range of 21.4% - 37.0%, and the aeration porosity of the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient matrix is within the range of 29.7% - 34.7% to obtain the initial screening formula group;

[0021] Step T2: Formula verification. Using the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient bags prepared according to the initial screening formula group for cultivation experiments, and further screening out feasible nutrient matrix formulas from them to reduce the blindness of nutrient matrix formula screening.

[0022] Beneficial effects

[0023] The present invention successfully constructs a non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient matrix, nutrient bag and its preparation method with cassava as the main material, and mushroom residue and rice husk as the auxiliary materials, which can achieve a Morchella esculenta fruiting effect equivalent to that of the traditional wheat matrix nutrient bag, and can solve the dependence on grain resources of the traditional wheat matrix nutrient bag. Especially under the optimized raw material ratio and process conditions, the fruiting amount of Morchella esculenta per unit area can be increased by about 34.5% compared with the traditional wheat matrix, while the raw material cost is significantly reduced, and at the same time, the resource utilization of agricultural waste is realized and environmental pollution is reduced.

[0024] The present invention not only achieves mushroom fruiting effects equivalent to or even better than those of traditional wheat substrates, but also further reveals through systematic experiments the critical influence of the synergy between the branched starch content and the aeration porosity in this system on the mushroom fruiting effect and the yield of fruiting bodies of Morchella, providing a reference direction for the screening of non-grain-based nutritional substrates for Morchella. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the raw material ratios of each group in Experiment 1.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a comparison diagram of the branched starch content of the nutritional substrates in Experiment 1.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a comparison diagram of the aeration porosity of the nutritional substrates and the number of fruiting bodies in Experiment 1.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a diagram of the fruiting body situation of Morchella in Experiment 1.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a diagram of the raw material ratios of each group in Experiment 2.

[0030] Figure 6 It is a comparison diagram of the aeration porosity of the nutritional substrates and the number of fruiting bodies in Experiment 2.

[0031] Figure 7 It is a diagram of the mushroom fruiting situation of Morchella in Experiment 2.

[0032] Figure 8 It is a diagram of the raw material ratios of each group in Experiment 3.

[0033] Figure 9 It is a comparison diagram of the branched starch content of the nutritional substrates in Experiment 3.

[0034] Figure 10 It is a comparison diagram of the aeration porosity of the nutritional substrates and the number of fruiting bodies in Experiment 3.

[0035] Figure 11 It is a diagram of the mushroom fruiting situation of Morchella in Experiment 3.

[0036] Figure 12 It is a diagram of the raw material ratios of each group in Experiment 4.

[0037] Figure 13 It is a comparison diagram of the branched starch content of the nutritional substrates in Experiment 4.

[0038] Figure 14 It is a comparison diagram of the aeration porosity of the nutritional substrates and the number of fruiting bodies in Experiment 4.

[0039] Figure 15 It is a diagram of the mushroom fruiting situation of Morchella in Experiment 4.

[0040] Figure 16 It is a diagram showing the mushroom fruiting situation of Morchella esculenta in the experimental group of Experiment 5. Among them, A shows the mycelium state of the nutrient bag, B shows the mycelium frost state on the ridge surface of the nutrient bag, C shows the primordium state on the ridge surface, and D shows the mushroom fruiting state on the ridge surface.

[0041] Figure 17 It is a diagram showing the mushroom fruiting situation of Morchella esculenta in the control group of Experiment 5. Among them, A shows the mycelium state of the nutrient bag, B shows the mycelium frost state on the ridge surface of the nutrient bag, C shows the primordium state on the ridge surface, and D shows the mushroom fruiting state on the ridge surface. Specific embodiments

[0042] The non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate includes basic raw materials and additives. The basic raw materials are obtained by proportioning non-grain-based biomass main materials and non-grain-based biomass auxiliary materials.

[0043] The non-grain-based biomass main material is selected from agricultural source biomass materials. Preferably, the starch content is not less than 60%, and the amylopectin content in the starch is not less than 70%. Preferably, it is cassava.

[0044] The non-grain-based biomass auxiliary material uses agricultural and rural biomass source waste as raw materials. It can be used alone or in combination of one or more raw materials. Preferably, when used alone or in combination, it simultaneously meets the water absorption ratio of not less than 70 - 80 g / g in 72 h and the water retention rate of not less than 50% - 60% at 40 d.

[0045] For the formula of the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate, it is necessary to particularly ensure the amylopectin content and the aeration porosity. Preferably, the amylopectin content is in the range of 21.4% - 37.0%, and the aeration porosity of the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate is in the range of 29.7% - 34.7%.

[0046] The additives can include pH value regulators, etc. The mass ratio of the pH value regulator is preferably 1% - 3%. It is used to increase the pH value of the nutrient bag raw materials to avoid the acidification of the culture medium and the growth of miscellaneous bacteria or the germination of raw materials. The preferred combination of the pH value regulator is "quicklime + gypsum".

[0047] The preparation of the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient bag mainly includes main steps such as raw material preparation, raw material pre-wetting, raw material compounding, raw material bagging, and raw material sterilization.

[0048] The present invention will be further clarified below through specific embodiments. These embodiments are exemplary and are intended to illustrate the problem and explain the present invention, rather than a limitation.

[0049] Experiment 1

[0050] Using cassava with a relatively high amylopectin content as the main raw material, and the auxiliary raw materials being mushroom residue and rice husk, to produce nutrient bags (without wheat). The field sowing time of Morchella esculenta was November 15, 2024, the placement time of the nutrient bags was November 25, 2024, the number of fruiting bodies was investigated in the field on February 20, 2025, and the nutrient bags were retrieved to measure the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate. The measurement method of the aeration porosity of each treatment's nutrient substrate refers to the forestry industry standard "Determination of Physical Properties of Forest Soil Moisture" (LYT - 1215 - 1999).

[0051] Step 1: Pre - wet the raw materials. First, pre - wet the rice husk. Soak it in clear water at room temperature of 25°C for 48h, then drain and set aside; do not pre - wet the cassava, but the cassava needs to be chopped, and the chopping standard is that the particle size is less than 0.5cm; adjust the moisture content of the mushroom residue to 50%.

[0052] Step 2: Compound the nutrient substrate. According to the raw material dosage and ratio shown in Figure 1 , mix the chopped cassava with the pre - wet rice husk and mushroom residue, and add 1% by mass of lime and 2% by mass of gypsum, and mix well to obtain the Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate. In experimental group 1 - 1, cassava, rice husk, and mushroom residue accounted for 43.3%, 29.0%, and 27.7% respectively; in experimental group 1 - 2, cassava, rice husk, and mushroom residue accounted for 42.6%, 7.4%, and 50.0% respectively; in experimental group 1 - 3, cassava, rice husk, and mushroom residue accounted for 63.0%, 37.0%, and 0.0% respectively; in experimental group 1 - 4, cassava, rice husk, and mushroom residue accounted for 61.7%, 6.8%, and 31.5% respectively.

[0053] Step 3: Fill the nutrient substrate. Fill the mixed nutrient substrate into polypropylene bags (28cm×14cm, 5 mils), and the filling mass is 500g for each bag. After filling, tie the string to seal the bag, which is the nutrient bag.

[0054] Step 4: Sterilize the nutrient bags. Put the nutrient bags into a high - pressure steam sterilizer for sterilization, with the sterilization temperature of 121°C and the sterilization time of 0.5h.

[0055] Step 5: Place the nutrient bags. The field placement time of the nutrient bags is 7 - 10 days after sowing the Morchella esculenta seeds. In this experiment, the sowing time of Morchella esculenta seeds was November 15, 2024. On November 25, 2024, place the nutrient bags on the soil surface. Before placement, make two parallel cuts on one side of the nutrient bag, with the cut length about 10cm. Place the side with the cut facing down on the ground, and place 1.5kg of nutrient bags per square meter. The nutrient bags are placed in a pyramid shape.

[0056] The amylopectin content of the nutrient substrates of each experimental group and the control group was measured as shown in Figure 2 , and the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate and the number of fruiting bodies were as shown in Figure 3As shown, the situation of the sub-entity is as Figure 4 shown. Among them, experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4 are all nutritional substrates mainly made of cassava, while the control group CK is a nutritional substrate mainly made of wheat. The amylopectin contents in the nutritional substrates of experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 and the control group CK are 23.3%, 21.4%, 37.0%, 32.7% and 20.7% respectively. The amylopectin content in the cassava series of nutritional substrates is equivalent to or higher than that of the wheat nutritional bag; the aeration porosities of the nutritional substrates of experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 and the control group CK are 29.7%, 31.5%, 22.8%, 31.5% and 34.7% respectively. The number of fruiting bodies per unit area (m 2 ) of experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 and the control group CK are 56, 64, 32, 70 and 58 respectively.

[0057] The above results show that the number of Morchella fruiting bodies in experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 1-4 and the control group CK is relatively high, and the corresponding aeration porosity ranges from 29.7% to 34.7%. The number of fruiting bodies in experimental group 1-3 is 32, which is significantly lower than that of other experimental groups, and the aeration porosity corresponding to its nutritional substrate is 22.8%. Thus, it can be seen that the non-grain-based nutritional bag made of cassava as the main raw material and combined with auxiliary raw materials such as mushroom residue and rice husk can achieve a relatively high yield of Morchella fruiting bodies. However, the amylopectin content and aeration porosity in the nutritional substrate jointly have a key impact on the yield of Morchella fruiting bodies. By adjusting the high amylopectin content and appropriate aeration porosity, the fruiting body yield can reach the level equivalent to that of the traditional wheat substrate.

[0058] Experiment 2

[0059] Set up experimental groups 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 (three parallel experiments) without the main raw material, and the conventional wheat nutritional bag as the control group CK. The field sowing time of Morchella is November 15, 2024, and the placement time of the nutritional bag is November 25, 2024. The number of fruiting bodies was investigated in the field on February 20, 2025, and the nutritional bag was retrieved to measure the aeration porosity of the nutritional substrate. The measurement method of the aeration porosity of each treatment's nutritional substrate refers to the forestry industry standard "Determination of Physical Properties of Forest Soil Moisture" (LYT-1215-1999).

[0060] Step 1: Pre-wet the raw materials. Pre-wet the rice husk by soaking it in clean water at room temperature of 25°C for 48h, and then drain and set aside; pre-wet the wheat by soaking it in clean water at room temperature of 25°C for 48h, and then drain and set aside. Pre-wet the mushroom residue to a water content of about 50%.

[0061] Step 2: Compound the nutritional substrate. According to Figure 5Mix the mushroom residue, pre-wetted rice husks, and pre-wetted wheat according to the shown quality and ratio, and add 1% by mass of lime and 2% by mass of gypsum, then mix well to obtain the Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate.

[0062] Step 3: Fill the nutrient substrate. Fill the well-mixed nutrient substrate into polypropylene bags (28 cm × 14 cm, 5 mils), with a filling mass of 500 g (fresh weight) for each bag. After filling, tie the string to seal the bag, which is then the nutrient bag.

[0063] Step 4: Sterilize the nutrient bag. Place the nutrient bag in a high-pressure steam sterilizer for sterilization. The sterilization temperature is 121 °C and the sterilization time is 0.5 h.

[0064] Step 5: Place the nutrient bag. The field placement time of the nutrient bag is 7 - 10 days after sowing the Morchella esculenta spawn. In this experiment, the sowing time of the Morchella esculenta spawn was November 15, 2024. On November 25, 2024, place the nutrient bag on the soil surface. Before placement, make two parallel cuts on one side of the nutrient bag, with the cut length about 10 cm. Place the side with the cut facing down on the ground, and place 1.5 kg of nutrient bags per square meter. The nutrient bags are arranged in a pyramid shape.

[0065] The amylopectin contents of the nutrient substrates in each experimental group and the control group were measured to be 0 g, 0 g, 0 g, and 105.1 g respectively. The aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate and the number of fruiting bodies are as Figure 6 shown, and the fruiting situation is as Figure 7 shown. The aeration porosities of the nutrient substrates corresponding to experimental groups 2 - 1, 2 - 2, 2 - 3 and the control group CK were 36.2%, 36.9%, 36.4% and 34.7% respectively. It can be seen that the aeration porosities among the treatment groups are quite similar. The numbers of fruiting bodies per unit area (m 2 ) corresponding to experimental groups 2 - 1, 2 - 2, 2 - 3 and the control group CK were 3, 4, 1, and 58 respectively. The numbers of fruiting bodies in experimental groups 2 - 1, 2 - 2, 2 - 3 were significantly lower than that of the control group CK. Based on the above results and combined with the results of experimental groups 1 - 1 to 1 - 4, it can be known that, therefore, the nutrient substrate in the nutrient bag not only requires an appropriate aeration porosity, but also a relatively high content of amylopectin supply is essential.

[0066] Experiment 3

[0067] Using raw materials with a relatively high amylopectin content as the main ingredient to replace wheat for producing nutrient bags, with the auxiliary materials being mushroom residue and rice husk. Experimental groups 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 used cassava nutrient bags, barley nutrient bags, and adzuki bean nutrient bags respectively, while the control group CK used conventional wheat nutrient bags. The field sowing time of Morchella was on November 15, 2024, and the nutrient bags were placed on November 25, 2024. The number of fruiting bodies was investigated in the field on February 20, 2025, and the nutrient bags were retrieved to measure the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate. The measurement method of the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate for each treatment refers to the forestry industry standard "Determination of Physical Properties of Forest Soil Moisture" (LYT-1215-1999).

[0068] Pre-wet the raw materials. Pre-wet the rice husk by soaking it in clean water at room temperature of 25°C for 48h, and then drain and set aside; pre-wet wheat and barley. At room temperature of 25°C, soak wheat in clean water for 48h and soak barley in clean water for 60h, and then drain and set aside; pre-wet the mushroom residue to a water content of about 50%; pre-wet adzuki bean by soaking it in clean water at room temperature of 25°C for 60h, and then drain and set aside; do not pre-wet the mushroom residue. The methods of nutrient substrate compounding, nutrient substrate filling, nutrient bag sterilization, nutrient bag placement, etc. during the experiment refer to Experiment 2.

[0069] The corresponding formula compositions of each treatment group are as Figure 8 shown, and the measured amylopectin contents of each treatment group are as Figure 9 shown, the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate and the number of fruiting bodies are as Figure 10 shown, and the fruiting situation is as Figure 11 shown. The number of fruiting bodies per unit area (m 2 ) of experimental groups 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 and the control group CK are 32, 30, 10 and 58 respectively, and the corresponding aeration porosities of the nutrient substrate are 22.8%, 19.7%, 17.3%, 22.8%, 34.7% respectively. The above results show that the number of Morchella fruiting bodies in experimental groups 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 is significantly lower than that of the control group CK, and the corresponding aeration porosity range is 19.7% - 22.8%, which is also significantly lower than that of the control group CK, indicating that even under the condition of relatively high amylopectin nutrient supply, a lower aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate will significantly reduce the number of Morchella fruiting bodies.

[0070] Experiment 4

[0071] Using raw materials with a relatively high amylopectin content as the main ingredient to replace wheat for producing nutrient bags, and the auxiliary materials are mushroom residues and rice husks. The main ingredients used in experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 are cassava, barley, and adzuki beans respectively, and the main ingredient used in the control group CK is wheat. The field sowing time of Morchella esculenta is November 15, 2024, and the placement time of nutrient bags is November 25, 2024. The number of fruiting bodies was investigated in the field on February 20, 2025, and the nutrient bags were retrieved to measure the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate. The measurement method of the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate for each treatment refers to the forestry industry standard "Determination of Physical Properties of Forest Soil Moisture" (LYT-1215-1999). The methods of nutrient substrate compounding, nutrient substrate filling, nutrient bag sterilization, nutrient bag placement, etc. during the experiment refer to Experiment 2.

[0072] The corresponding formula compositions of each treatment group are as Figure 12 shown, and the measured amylopectin contents corresponding to each treatment group are as Figure 13 shown, the aeration porosity of the nutrient substrate and the number of fruiting bodies are as Figure 14 shown, and the fruiting situation is as Figure 15 shown. The numbers of fruiting bodies per unit area (m 2 ) of experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 and the control group CK are 10, 15, 5 and 58 respectively, and the corresponding aeration porosities of the nutrient substrate are 20.1%, 22.7%, 20.3% and 34.7% respectively. The results show that the numbers of Morchella esculenta fruiting bodies in experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 are significantly lower than that of the control group CK, and their corresponding aeration porosity ranges from 19.7% to 22.8%, which are also significantly lower than that of the control group CK, indicating that under the conditions of low amylopectin nutrient supply and low aeration porosity, the fruiting of Morchella esculenta is not ideal, and only a relatively low number of Morchella esculenta fruiting bodies are obtained.

[0073] Experiment 5

[0074] The raw materials of the nutrient bags in the experimental group are composed of cassava, mushroom residues and rice husks, and the corresponding mass fractions of cassava, mushroom residues and rice husk raw materials are 40%, 30% and 30% respectively. Among them, the cassava is not soaked and is directly processed by a blender to a particle size of 0.5 - 0.8 cm; the mushroom residues are pre-wetted until the water content is 50%; the rice husks are soaked for 48 h, and the water content is 8.2% after draining. After mixing the cassava raw materials, mushroom residues and rice husks evenly in batches, 1% mass fraction of lime and 2% mass fraction of gypsum are added and mixed evenly again.

[0075] Put the evenly mixed raw materials into 12 cm × 25 cm polypropylene plastic bags, with 500 g of raw materials in each bag. Tie the bag mouth tightly with a cloth rope to obtain an unsterilized nutrient bag. Transfer the nutrient bag to an autoclave and sterilize it at 121 °C for 0.5 h. After sterilization, take out the nutrient bag from the autoclave and cool it to room temperature. Then, make a cut on one side and place it in the field. The sowing time of Morchella esculenta in the field is November 15, 2024, the placement time of the nutrient bag is November 25, 2024, and the layout density of the nutrient bag in the field is 1000 kg / mu.

[0076] The nutrient bags in the control group are conventional wheat nutrient bags. Except for the main raw materials of the nutrient bags and their soaking methods being different, other treatment methods and management measures are the same as those in the experimental group.

[0077] The mycelium full-bag degree, mycelium growth amount, and primordium density of the nutrient bags in the experimental group and the control example are shown in Table 1. The fruiting situations of the experimental group and the control example are respectively as Figure 16 and Figure 17 shown.

[0078] Table 1 Field performance of nutrient bags with different treatments

[0079] Processing Degree of mycelium filling the bag <![CDATA[Primitive density (pcs / m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Mushroom fruiting situation (number / m 2 )]]> Test group 100% full bag 353 78 Control group 100% full bag 321 58

[0080] The results show that under the optimized ratio (40%:30%:30%) of cassava, mushroom residue, and rice husk and specific process treatment, the cassava nutrient bag shows significant advantages. Although the traditional wheat nutrient bags in the control group can also achieve full-bag growth (100% mycelium coverage rate), in comparison, the primordium density of the experimental group increases by 10%, and the final fruiting amount increases by 34.5%.

[0081] The above embodiments are exemplary, aiming to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, so that those skilled in this field can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. It should not be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate, characterized in that: It includes a basic raw material, which is obtained by proportioning a non-grain-based biomass main material and a non-grain-based biomass auxiliary material. By adjusting the types and proportions of the biomass main material and the biomass auxiliary material, the content of branched-chain starch in the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate is not less than 21%, and the aeration porosity of the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate is in the range of 29% - 35%.

2. A non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate, characterized in that: It includes a basic raw material and an auxiliary agent with a mass fraction not exceeding 3%; the basic raw material is obtained by proportioning a non-grain-based biomass main material and a non-grain-based biomass auxiliary material. The non-grain-based biomass main material is cassava, and the non-grain-based biomass auxiliary material is selected from rice husks and mushroom residues. By adjusting the types and proportions of the biomass main material and the biomass auxiliary material, the content of branched-chain starch in the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate is in the range of 21.4% - 37.0%, and the aeration porosity of the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate is in the range of 29.7% - 34.7%.

3. The non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The auxiliary agent includes a pH regulator, which adjusts the pH value of the nutrient substrate to be in the range of 6.5 - 7.

5.

4. The non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate according to claim 2, wherein: The auxiliary agent is a pH regulator accounting for 1% - 3% of the mass of the nutrient substrate. The pH regulator is a combination of quicklime and gypsum, which adjusts the pH value of the nutrient substrate to be in the range of 6.5 - 7.

5.

5. The non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate according to claims 2-4, characterized in that: In the basic raw material, the mass fraction of cassava is 40% - 61.7%, the mass fraction of rice husks is 6.8% - 30%, and the mass fraction of mushroom residues is 27.7% - 50.0%.

6. The non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate according to claims 2-4, characterized in that: In the basic raw material, the corresponding mass fractions of cassava, rice husks, and mushroom residues are 40%, 30%, and 30% respectively.

7. A non-grain-based morel mushroom nutrient bag, characterized in that: It includes a bag body and the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient substrate according to any one of claims 2 - 6 packed in the bag body.

8. The method for preparing the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient bag according to claim 7, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step S1: Raw material preparation. Cut the main material cassava into pieces, and adjust the moisture content of the auxiliary materials rice husks and mushroom residues to be above 50%. Step S2: Mixing and compounding. According to the parameter requirements of the preset branched-chain starch content and aeration porosity, adjust the proportions of cassava, rice husks, and mushroom residues, and add the auxiliary agent, and mix evenly. Step S3: Filling and sterilizing. Pack the evenly mixed nutrient substrate into plastic bags and perform sterilization treatment. Obtain the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient bag.

9. The production method of the non-grain-based morel nutrient bag according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S1, cut the cassava into particles with a size not exceeding 0.8 cm, and increase the moisture content of the biomass auxiliary raw material to the preset moisture content through soaking or spraying water; in step S2, it includes multiple mixings. The first mixing is used to mix the biomass main material and the biomass auxiliary material evenly, and the second mixing is used to stir the pH regulator evenly after adding the pH regulator; in step S3, the plastic bag is a high-temperature-resistant polypropylene plastic bag, and the sterilization treatment adopts high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization or high-temperature and normal-pressure sterilization. The high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization conditions are to maintain at 121 - 126 °C for 3 - 4 h, and then cool and take out; the high-temperature and normal-pressure sterilization conditions are to maintain at 100 °C for 15 - 18 h, and then cool and take out.

10. A method for cultivating Morchella esculenta, characterized in that: Use the non-grain-based Morchella esculenta nutrient bag according to claim 7, including sowing Morchella esculenta spawn. After sowing for 7 - 10 days, make incisions on the nutrient bag and place it close to the ground, control the placement density, and conduct field management until fruiting.

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