Construction method of watershed ecological safety pattern based on multi-target management

Abstract

The invention provides a method for constructing a watershed ecological safety pattern based on multi-target management, and the method comprises the steps: forming the construction of a watershed hydrology and water resource safety pattern, a water pollution safety pattern, a biological safety pattern and a historical and cultural heritage safety pattern through key node and landscape structure analysis, landscape pattern control mode analysis and other spatial analysis technologies; carrying out superposition calculation on different importance degrees of different grids under different target security patterns, carrying out ecological suitability analysis through landscape features and structures, then judging key areas and nodes for guaranteeing the ecological security pattern of the watershed, and correspondingly determining the positions of the key areas needing to maintain the ecological current situation or carry out ecological construction optimization; the comprehensive optimization research of the drainage basin multi-target ecological safety pattern construction technology is carried out, and multiple different-dimension management targets such as drainage basin function layout optimization, water quality pollution treatment, water resource space-time optimization configuration, biodiversity conservation, historical and cultural heritage protection and subsequent government function management and policy and measure compilation are optimized and realized at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of environmental ecology, and mainly relates to a method for constructing a basin ecological security pattern based on multi-objective management. Background Art

[0002] In the past few decades, with the rapid development of China's social economy, the environments of numerous natural and artificial river basins have been damaged. A series of problems caused by this have become increasingly prominent, such as the weakening of the hydrological water resource regulation ability, the decline in water quality, the loss of the original habitats of organisms, the reduction of biodiversity, the damage to cultural landscapes and historical heritages, and the degradation of the original ecological functions of the basin. Coordinating the contradiction between urban development and the natural environment and realizing an ecological security pattern with excellent economy and strong benefits have become severe challenges faced by the academic community and policy-making departments.

[0003] The degradation of the ecological functions of the basin stems from various factors: the over-exploitation and utilization of water resources caused by unreasonable water conservancy projects, with a serious shortage of ecological flow; the illegal exploitation of groundwater, where the replenishment flow cannot meet the exploitation speed, resulting in a decline in the groundwater level and the exhaustion of water sources; the construction of various urban development facilities such as river embankments and hardened roads. The development of the economy and society has long demanded from the basin ecological environment, but the corresponding ecological environment protection measures and construction are in a lagging state and have not received the same attention as the development of the economy and society.

[0004] Ecological security has the same strategic significance as national defense, economic security, etc., and is a basic content of national security. The stability of ecological security ensures that the ecological environment on which the country depends for survival and development is not damaged or threatened less. In the process of China's urbanization development, the maintenance of the basin ecological security system is under pressure, and higher requirements are also put forward for the comprehensive management ability of the basin. It is very urgent to construct a basin ecological security pattern with comprehensive multi-objective management. However, the current research on the construction of the ecological security pattern mainly focuses on urban planning and design research and specific urban case studies. There are few studies taking the basin as the main body, and most of them establish the security pattern in a fragmented and single professional direction. There are few cases of constructing technical theories for the basin ecological security pattern with high integrity, strong comprehensiveness, and multiple management objectives.

[0005] Constructing an ecological security pattern is the basic method and measure to ensure regional ecological security. Essentially, it meets the fundamental survival needs of human society to obtain resources and extract value from nature, and provides the basic material needs for the sustainable development of modern society. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted research on the definition, basic theory, construction ideas and methods of ecological security patterns throughout the process. Among them, the construction ideas and methods of ecological security patterns are the key points and difficulties in current research. At present, a common method for constructing an ecological security pattern is to identify ecological source areas and determine resistance surfaces, thereby establishing potential ecological corridors and ecological nodes within the region. The theory and methods of ecological security pattern construction have been applied in the ecological security pattern planning of different regions. Generally speaking, current domestic and foreign research on the construction of ecological security patterns mostly focuses on regions with high urbanization levels, rapid development, high ecological value, or high ecological environment sensitivity. The research content mainly focuses on the ecological risk assessment and ecological security pattern planning of major engineering projects or extra-large cities. There has been no research on the construction method of ecological security patterns for watershed systems from the perspective of multi-objective management.

[0006] There are already patents related to the research on ecological security pattern construction technologies. For example, Chinese Patent CN103218770A discloses a technology for constructing an urban-rural integrated ecological security pattern. By analyzing the influencing factors of ecological processes such as different landscape types and ecological resistance distributions caused by different land use types between urban and rural areas due to human activities, an ecological network is constructed. Combining other ecological processes, such as water resources and geological disaster prevention, a security pattern is formed, resulting in a technology for constructing an urban-rural integrated ecological security pattern. This patent superimposes the ecological processes of urban-rural land use and other ecological processes, thereby considering the urban-rural spatial layout and ecological service system as a whole, providing ideas and implementation methods for ensuring the regional urban-rural ecological security system.

[0007] Regarding the involvement and construction of ecological security pattern prediction models, there are also related patents. For example, Chinese Patent CN108920674A discloses a method for constructing an ecological security pattern. It mainly extracts the ecological security pattern attributes of known ecological security pattern guarantee and construction land data points within a specific regional range as sample values for machine learning, conducts machine learning training and regression model construction on the numerical samples, and outputs a prediction model for the ecological security pattern. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a watershed ecological security pattern based on multi-objective management.

[0009] To achieve the above object of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0010] S1. Construction of a hydrological water resources security pattern

[0011] Identify the hydrological and water resource conditions of the basin, such as flow velocity, discharge, water level changes, flood disaster assessment, etc., through the investigation of the current situation of the basin's natural landscape and the identification of monitoring data. Use ArcGIS spatial analysis technology to analyze, simulate and overlay hydrological and water resources such as surface runoff, rainstorm floods, and groundwater recharge conditions, and construct a key spatial pattern to maintain the safety of the basin's hydrological and water resources.

[0012] S2. Construction of the water pollution safety pattern

[0013] Monitor the types, situations and distributions of water pollution to obtain the spatial locations of areas with different levels of water body pollution in the basin, and identify point sources and non-point sources of pollution within the basin. Construct the water pollution safety pattern by identifying and controlling the sources of severe pollution.

[0014] S3. Construction of the historical and cultural heritage safety pattern

[0015] The construction of the historical and cultural heritage safety pattern is mainly based on the experience of the perceiving subjects, namely general tourists and experiencers, of individual heritage sites or heritage corridors and the determination of different perception level ranges. Taking the heritage sites as the source, construct historical and cultural heritage safety patterns at different levels with the cumulative value of the minimum resistance diffused to each region within the basin as the spatial feature.

[0016] S4. Construction of the comprehensive biological protection safety pattern

[0017] The comprehensive biological protection safety pattern is based on the ecological location analysis of key species within the basin, superimposing the biological safety patterns of individual species, and combining with the adjustment of landscape structure for some important landscape safety pattern elements to construct the comprehensive biological protection safety pattern.

[0018] S5. Construction of the comprehensive ecological safety pattern of the basin

[0019] Based on the above hydrological and water resources, water pollution, historical and cultural heritage, and comprehensive biological protection safety patterns, construct the comprehensive ecological safety pattern of the basin. In the process of constructing the ecological safety pattern of the basin with multi-objective management, the ecological processes corresponding to single or multiple management objectives or individual safety patterns are equally important in the components of the comprehensive ecological safety pattern of the basin, and have the same weight in the process of superposition analysis and disjunctive operation to take the maximum value. Finally, establish the ecological safety pattern of the basin that meets the requirements of multi-objective management, forming a complete and continuous division of ecological safety regions at all levels within the entire basin, providing implementation methods and support for realizing the multi-objective management of the basin.

[0020] Based on theories such as ecosystem services, landscape ecology, and ecological infrastructure, and according to the theoretical methods of landscape security patterns and multiple management objectives formulated by decomposing for the specific habitat type of the basin, through spatial analysis techniques such as key node and landscape structure analysis, and landscape pattern control mode analysis, the construction of the basin's hydrological water resources security pattern, water pollution security pattern, biological security pattern, and historical and cultural heritage security pattern is formed. The importance of different grids under different target security patterns is calculated by superposition, and after ecological suitability analysis through landscape characteristics and structure, the key areas and nodes for ensuring the basin's ecological security pattern are identified, and the locations of the key areas that need to maintain the ecological status or carry out ecological construction and optimization are clarified accordingly. A comprehensive optimization study on the technology for constructing the multi-objective ecological security pattern of the basin is carried out, and multiple management objectives in different dimensions such as optimizing the basin's functional layout, treating water pollution, optimizing the spatial and temporal allocation of water resources, conserving biodiversity, protecting historical and cultural heritage, and subsequent government function management and policy measure formulation are optimized and achieved simultaneously.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The comprehensive ecological security pattern of the basin established by taking the highest security requirements for the four security patterns at the same grid ensures that every ecological process, ecological element, and protection requirement has received equal attention and consideration, enabling the management objectives under each sub-security pattern to be achieved.

[0023] (2) The hydrological water resources security pattern constructed by analyzing the distribution of key areas of rainstorm risks, surface drinking water resources, and groundwater recharge comprehensively arranges the surface water system and terrain within the basin, provides a theoretical basis for the city to avoid the inundation risks faced at different rainfall return periods, and at the same time ensures the clear protection bottom line for the non-invadable water resources, providing guarantee for the reasonable development and sustainable utilization of different forms of limited water resources within the basin, and realizing the spatial and temporal optimization allocation of water resources within the basin range.

[0024] (3) The water pollution security pattern constructed by analyzing the pollution levels at different points within the basin fully identifies the potential water pollution sources, pollutant types, and levels within the basin range, provides the key treatment direction for water pollution treatment, and ensures the stable water quality within the basin.

[0025] (4) The historical and cultural heritage security pattern constructed by taking a single heritage site as the source and manually identifying the linear heritage corridor provides reference for heritage protection, tourist route development, and service and management of recreation projects, endows the geographical space division of the basin, which contains various landscape types, with diverse uses in addition to the natural resource significance, and meets the needs of residents within the basin range for contacting nature and outdoor recreation.

[0026] (5) By identifying ecological sources, an integrated biosafety pattern constructed by superimposing the landscape resistance surface and the safety patterns of multiple focal species can clarify the habitats (i.e., ecological cores) and spatial key points necessary for multiple species within the basin, providing a reference for the suitable habitat range and habitat quality (such as fragmentation and edge effects) required to maintain biodiversity of different genera within the basin, and providing goals for the ecological restoration measures that can be carried out for the planning of control zones and buffer zones such as ensuring source-to-source connections, ecological node and radiation path circulation, waterfront vegetation belts, and ecological forest and grass belts.

[0027] (6) The achievement of multiple management goals provides a reference basis for optimizing the functional layout of the basin, planning the overall structure of the scenic area, and establishing a support system that supports the ecological development of the basin to meet ecological needs, and provides scientific support for future management measures and policy formulation. Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 This is the technical roadmap of the method for constructing a basin ecological safety pattern based on multi-objective management provided by the present invention. Detailed Embodiment

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] The present invention provides a method for constructing a basin ecological safety pattern based on multi-objective management, including the following steps:

[0031] S1. Construct a hydrological and water resources safety pattern

[0032] The hydrological and water resources safety pattern is formed by superimposing through ArcGIS spatial analysis technology based on the rainstorm safety pattern and the water resources safety pattern.

[0033] The rainstorm safety pattern consists of runoff analysis and rainstorm inundation analysis. Based on the visual interpretation of the land use map, topographic elevation data, and remote sensing information, the areas with potential water storage capacity and the surface runoff catchment points within the basin are identified, the landscape strategic points and the strategic point hierarchy system at the intersection are determined, and the surface runoff is calculated through relevant models in combination with different land use types and soil types within the scope. Using the ArcGIS hydrological analysis module, the surface runoff and regional water storage capacity within the relative basin scope under different rainfall return periods are compared to determine the spatial distribution map of rainstorm inundation risks within the basin scope under different rainfall return periods. By combining the key positions such as runoff catchment points and landscape strategic points that maintain surface runoff and the key areas of rainstorm inundation risks, the basin rainstorm safety pattern is formed.

[0034] The water resource security pattern consists of the protective analysis of surface drinking water sources and the suitability analysis of groundwater recharge. Through the investigation of relevant literature and materials, such as the water channel source protection and management regulations within the administrative scope of the basin and the atlas and albums owned by the land and resources department, the key areas for surface water source protection and groundwater resource recharge within the basin are determined as the first-level protection areas. At the same time, the second-level and third-level protection areas are defined according to the actual situation. A certain range around reservoirs and water diversion channels can be referred to as the second-level protection area, and other areas outside it are the third-level protection areas.

[0035] S2. Construct the water pollution security pattern

[0036] Through visual interpretation of the remote sensing images of the basin, analyze and judge the possibility of pollution generation in the distribution of land use types within the basin, and select an appropriate number of points for sampling and testing of soil, water samples and sediment. Combining the actual pollution conditions of each detection point, use ArcGIS and RS technologies for spatial analysis to form a map of the environmental pollution distribution pattern in the basin, identify potential pollution points and non-point sources, and establish the construction of the water pollution security pattern.

[0037] S3. Construct the historical and cultural heritage pattern

[0038] By sorting out individual cultural heritages such as cultural relics protection units at all levels registered within the basin and heritage corridors in linear form such as artificial canals, collect relevant information such as the geographical location, age, and protection level of each cultural heritage that affects the determination of the security pattern planning and implement it in the spatial distribution map. According to the spatial distribution map, collect information on the surrounding landscape elements or land cover types of the heritage points. Taking the heritage points as the sources and different landscape elements or land cover types as the resistance factors for heritage experience perception, establish a resistance surface (MCR model). According to the corresponding curve of the relationship between the distance from the source and the minimum cumulative resistance, judge the key phased thresholds, so as to establish heritage experience areas at different levels and establish the historical and cultural heritage security pattern.

[0039] S4. Construct the comprehensive biological protection security pattern

[0040] It is formed by superimposing the single-species biological security pattern and combining the landscape characteristics and structure within the basin.

[0041] The single-species biological security pattern is obtained by analyzing the ecological location of the focal species within the basin and simulating the range of its habitat based on the selection of the focal species. The potential sources, that is, key points, within the basin are obtained. Using the minimum resistance model of the horizontal movement of ecological flows in space and GIS spatial analysis to analyze the landscape structure within the basin, establish the spatial movement resistance surface of the focal species within the basin, that is, the habitat resistance surface. According to the characteristics of the resistance surface, identify the landscape security pattern elements within the basin except for the sources, clarify different ecological function locations such as buffer zones and connections between sources, and establish single-species biological security patterns at different levels.

[0042] In terms of landscape features and structure, the present invention mainly makes references from two aspects:

[0043] One is the adjustment of the structure of different landscape patches within the basin. Through the calculation and analysis of coefficients such as landscape heterogeneity (Simpson index / Shannon index, evenness, dominance, fragmentation) combined with artificial analysis and judgment, the landscape type, patch size, and patch distribution are formed. Further, based on theories such as island biogeography in landscape ecology, while clarifying the core landscape patches, reasonable positions are selected to construct transition patches and ecological material flow corridors to ensure and enhance the fluidity between similar landscapes and between large or core patches (i.e., "sources").

[0044] The other is the adjustment of the grain-size structure of different landscapes within the basin. In the case where the change and change speed of the landscape structure caused by human interference have far exceeded the influence intensity of natural changes (such as natural fires, weathering and erosion, etc.), by first clarifying the minimum grain-size structure unit of natural disturbance events within the basin (i.e., clarifying the grid size), the grain-size structure index of the natural disturbance situation is determined under this unit (i.e., clarifying the structure of patch size in this landscape type under natural conditions, including size and distribution). The grain-size structure index under human behavior is designed according to the natural disturbance situation index, striving to fit the human impact to the natural disturbance state and restore the landscape damaged by human behavior to the form of a natural edge, providing a reference for the ultimate realization of the management objectives of ecological protection and restoration measures.

[0045] By performing an overlay analysis on the single-species biosecurity patterns of multiple target species and adjusting the security patterns of important ecological function areas such as patch connectivity in combination with the results of landscape structure analysis, a comprehensive bioconservation security pattern is finally formed.

[0046] S5. Construct the comprehensive ecological security pattern of the basin;

[0047] Based on the above hydrological water resources, water pollution, historical and cultural heritage, and comprehensive bioconservation security pattern, construct the comprehensive ecological security pattern of the basin; in the process of constructing the ecological security pattern of the basin with multi-objective management, the ecological processes corresponding to single or multiple management objectives or a single security pattern are equally important in the components of the comprehensive ecological security pattern of the basin, and have the same weight in the process of performing overlay analysis and disjunctive operation to take the maximum value, and finally establish the ecological security pattern of the basin that meets the requirements of multi-objective management.

[0048] The above specific implementation cases are used to explain and illustrate the present invention, which are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and protection scope of the claims of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for the basin ecological security pattern based on multi-objective management, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1. Construct a hydrological and water resources security pattern; S2. Construct a water pollution security pattern; S3. Construct a historical and cultural heritage pattern; S4. Construct a comprehensive biological protection security pattern; S5. Construct a comprehensive ecological security pattern for the basin; Based on the above hydrological and water resources, water pollution, historical and cultural heritage, and comprehensive biological protection security patterns, a comprehensive ecological security pattern for the basin is constructed; in the process of constructing the ecological security pattern of the basin under multi-objective management, the ecological processes corresponding to single or multiple management objectives or a single security pattern have the same importance in the components of the comprehensive ecological security pattern of the basin, and have the same weight in the process of superposition analysis and disjunctive operation to take the maximum value, and finally establish an ecological security pattern for the basin that meets the requirements of multi-objective management.

2. The construction method of the basin ecological security pattern based on multi-objective management according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 specifically includes the following steps: Based on the rainstorm and flood security pattern and the water resources security pattern, a hydrological and water resources security pattern is formed by superimposing through ArcGIS spatial analysis technology.

3. The construction method of the basin ecological security pattern based on multi-objective management according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rainstorm and flood security pattern consists of runoff analysis and rainstorm and flood inundation analysis; Based on the visual interpretation of the ground feature map, topographic elevation data, and remote sensing information, identify the areas with potential storage capacity and the surface runoff catchment points within the basin, determine the landscape strategic points and the strategic point hierarchy at the intersection, and combine different land use types and soil types within the scope. Calculate the surface runoff through relevant models, and use the ArcGIS hydrological analysis module to compare the surface runoff and regional storage capacity within the relative basin scope under different rainfall return periods, and identify the spatial distribution map of rainstorm and flood inundation risks within the basin scope under different rainfall return periods; by combining the key positions such as runoff catchment points and landscape strategic points that maintain surface runoff with the key areas of rainstorm and flood inundation risks, form the rainstorm and flood security pattern of the basin.

4. The construction method of the basin ecological security pattern based on multi-objective management according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water resources security pattern consists of the protective analysis of surface drinking water sources and the suitability analysis of groundwater recharge; Through the investigation of relevant literature materials, including: the water channel source protection management regulations within the administrative scope where the basin is located, the atlas and albums owned by the land and resources department, etc., determine the key areas for surface water source protection and groundwater recharge within the basin scope as the first-level protection areas, and at the same time clarify the second-level and third-level protection areas according to the actual situation; the areas within a certain range around reservoirs and water diversion channels can be referred to as the second-level protection areas, and the other areas outside can be used as the third-level protection areas.

5. The construction method of the basin ecological security pattern based on multi-objective management according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 specifically includes the following steps: Through the visual interpretation of the remote sensing images of the basin, analyze and judge the possibility of pollution generation in the distribution of land use types within the basin, select an appropriate number of points for sampling and detection of soil, water samples, and sediment; combine the actual pollution conditions of each detection point, and use ArcGIS and RS technologies for spatial analysis to form a map of the distribution pattern of environmental pollution in the basin, identify potential pollution points and non-point sources, and establish the construction of a water pollution security pattern.

6. The construction method of the basin ecological security pattern based on multi-objective management according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 specifically includes the following steps: By sorting out the individual cultural heritages such as the registered cultural relics protection units at all levels within the basin scope and the heritage corridors in the form of lines such as artificial canals, collect the relevant information such as the geographical location, age, and protection level of each cultural heritage and implement it in the spatial distribution map; Collect information on landscape elements or land cover types around heritage sites according to the spatial distribution map. Taking the heritage sites as the source, establish a resistance surface with different landscape elements or land cover types as the resistance factors for heritage experience perception. Based on the corresponding curve of the relationship between the distance from the source and the minimum cumulative resistance, determine the key stage thresholds, thereby establishing heritage experience areas at different levels and establishing the safety pattern of historical and cultural heritage.

7. The construction method of the basin ecological security pattern based on multi-objective management according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S4 specifically includes the following steps: Form a comprehensive biological protection safety pattern by superimposing the single-species biological safety pattern and combining the landscape characteristics and structure within the basin; The single-species biological safety pattern is obtained by analyzing the ecological location of the focal species within the basin, simulating the range of its habitat based on the selection of the focal species to obtain potential sources (i.e., key points) within the basin range; using the minimum resistance model of ecological flow spatial horizontal movement and ArcGIS spatial analysis to analyze the landscape structure within the basin range, establish the spatial movement resistance surface (i.e., the habitat resistance surface) of the focal species within the basin range, identify the landscape safety pattern elements except the source within the basin range according to the characteristics of the resistance surface, clarify different ecological function locations such as buffer zones and connections between sources, and establish single-species biological safety patterns at different levels; Through the overlay analysis of the single-species biological safety patterns of multiple target species and combining the analysis results of the landscape structure, adjust the safety pattern of important ecological function areas such as patch connections to finally form a comprehensive biological protection safety pattern.

8. The construction method of the basin ecological security pattern based on multi-objective management according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjustment methods of landscape characteristics and structure are as follows: Adjust the different landscape patch structures within the basin range; through the combined calculation and analysis of coefficients such as landscape heterogeneity and human analysis and judgment, form landscape types, patch sizes, and patch distributions. Further, based on theories such as island biogeography in landscape ecology, while clarifying the core landscape patches, select reasonable locations to construct transition patches and ecological material flow corridors to ensure and enhance the mobility between similar landscapes and between large or core patches; Adjust the grain-size structure of different landscapes within the basin range; in the case where the change of the landscape structure by human interference and its change speed have far exceeded the intensity of natural change, first clarify the minimum grain-size structure unit of natural disturbance events within the basin range, determine the grain-size structure index of the natural disturbance situation under this unit, design the grain-size structure index under human behavior according to the natural disturbance situation index, strive to fit the human impact to the natural disturbance state, and restore the landscape damaged by human behavior to the form of a natural edge, providing a reference for the management goal of finally realizing ecological protection and restoration measures.

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