Strawberry cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a strawberry cultivation method which comprises the following steps: (1) soil treatment before field planting: applying a soil improvement fertilizer before field planting to adjust the pH value of soil to 6.2-6.5, the soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 46-55% of oyster shell powder; 33%-39% of decomposed sheep manure; 1%-2% of composite rare earth silicate; 4%-6% of a bacillus subtilis microbial agent; 6%-8% of a potassium humate chelate fertilizer; (2) applying a flower and fruit leaf strengthening fertilizer in a period from flower bud differentiation to young fruit expansion; (3) applying a fruit swelling stress-resistant drip irrigation fertilizer from the fruit swelling period to the mature period, wherein the fruit swelling stress-resistant drip irrigation fertilizer comprises a liquid A and a liquid B; the oyster shell powder in the components of the soil improvement fertilizer can improve the acid neutralization capacity, rare earth and potassium humate are premixed to form an organic-rare earth chelate, the microbial activity is activated, and the disease inhibition rate is increased by 60%; the sugar degree of the fruits is increased by 2.5-3.0 Brix, so that the economic benefit is maximized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to fruit cultivation techniques, and particularly to a strawberry cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Strawberries are low-calorie, highly nutritious fruits, rich in various active ingredients, and are known as the "queen of fruits". The sources of strawberry seedlings for field cultivation are mostly the current-season production seedlings bred in nurseries, and more than 99% of them are bare-root seedlings. The planting survival rate has always restricted the development of strawberries. The main problems include: 1. Problem of basal fertilizer exhaustion: In the initial growth stage of strawberries, basal fertilizer provides the necessary nutrients to support their growth. However, as strawberries grow and fruits are successively picked, the nutrients in the basal fertilizer will gradually be exhausted. If not replenished in time, strawberry plants will not be able to effectively carry out flower bud differentiation due to lack of nutrition, leading to stubble breakage; 2. Low fruit setting rate: Due to nutritional imbalance during the flower bud differentiation period, such as boron / calcium deficiency, the elongation of pollen tubes is blocked, resulting in flowers not setting fruits, calyx withering, and young fruits falling off.

[0003] In view of the difficulties in strawberry cultivation, scientific fertilization is the key to keeping strawberries away from diseases, having excellent quality, and achieving high and stable yields. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a strawberry cultivation method.

[0005] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of the present invention is a strawberry cultivation method, which includes the following steps: (1) Soil treatment before planting: Apply soil improvement fertilizer before planting to adjust the soil pH to 6.2 - 6.5. The component weight percentages of the soil improvement fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell powder: 46% - 55%; Fully decomposed sheep manure: 33% - 39%; Compound rare earth silicate: 1% - 2%; Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent: 4% - 6%; Potassium humate chelate fertilizer: 6% - 8%; Among them, the oyster shell powder is an ultrafine powder with a particle size of more than 800 meshes and is calcined and activated. The content of organic matter in the fully decomposed sheep manure is ≥ 45%. The compound rare earth silicate contains lanthanum and cerium elements. The amount of bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent is 1 billion CFU / g per gram of tissue; (2) Apply flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer during the flower bud differentiation to young fruit swelling stage; (3) Apply swelling fruit stress-resistant drip irrigation fertilizer during the fruit swelling to maturity stage. The swelling fruit stress-resistant drip irrigation fertilizer includes liquid A and liquid B. Among them, the component weight percentages of liquid A are as follows: Potassium nitrate: 37% - 42%; Oyster shell powder acidolysis solution: 22% - 25%; Polyaspartic acid dispersant: 1% - 2%; Citric acid: 1% - 2%; The rest is deionized water; The component weight percentages of liquid B are as follows: Rare earth - polyglutamic acid chelate: 0.05% - 0.15%; Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 18% - 21%; Magnesium sulfate: 12% - 13%; The rest is deionized water.

[0006] Furthermore, the component weight percentages of the flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell nano - calcium extraction solution: 25% - 31%; Sugar alcohol chelated rare earth: 0.05% - 0.08%; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 13% - 15%; Seaweed polysaccharide: 4% - 5%; Organic silicon penetrant: 0.1% - 0.2%; The rest is deionized water; Among them, Ca²⁺≥80g / L in the oyster shell nano - calcium extraction solution; rare earth and sugar alcohol are chelated in a pH5.0 environment. Applying this flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer is expected to increase the fruit setting rate by 25% and advance the fruit color transformation by 5 - 7 days.

[0007] In the soil improvement fertilizer components of the present invention, oyster shell powder is calcined and activated to be converted into active calcium oxide (CaO content≥85%), which improves the ability to neutralize acidity. At the same time, organic - rare earth chelate is formed by premixing rare earth and potassium humate, which plays a role in preventing ion fixation. Rare earth can also activate the activity of microorganisms, and the disease inhibition rate is increased by 60%; the soil pH is adjusted to 6.2 - 6.5, and continuous cropping phenolic acid toxins are degraded. The application amount per mu is 300kg, and it is expected to reduce the later calcium fertilizer input by 40%; the swelling fruit and stress - resistant drip - irrigation fertilizer are separated in design to avoid the precipitation of Ca²⁺ and PO4³⁻, the fruit hardness is increased by 18 - 20%, and the sugar content is increased by 2.5 - 3.0 Brix, achieving the maximum economic benefit. Specific Embodiments

[0008] The following further describes the present invention in combination with embodiments. Example 1

[0009] A strawberry cultivation method, which includes the following steps: (1) Soil treatment before planting: Apply soil improvement fertilizer before planting to adjust the soil pH to 6.4. The component weight percentages of the soil improvement fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell powder: 50%; Rotted sheep manure: 35%; Compound rare earth silicate: 2%; Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent: 5%; Potassium humate chelated fertilizer: 8%; Among them, oyster shell powder is superfine powder calcined and activated above 800 meshes, the organic matter content in the rotted sheep manure is ≥ 45%, the compound rare earth silicate contains lanthanum and cerium elements, and the bacterium amount per gram of the Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent is 1 billion CFU / g; (2) Apply flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer during the flower bud differentiation to young fruit swelling period; the component weight percentages of the flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell nano-calcium extraction solution: 29%; Sugar alcohol chelated rare earth: 0.07%; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 13%; Seaweed polysaccharide: 5%; Organic silicon penetrant: 0.1%; Deionized water: 52.83%; Among them, Ca²⁺ in the oyster shell nano-calcium extraction solution is ≥ 80 g / L; the rare earth and sugar alcohol are chelated in a pH 5.0 environment; (3) Apply swelling fruit and stress resistance drip fertilizer during the fruit swelling to maturity period. The swelling fruit and stress resistance drip fertilizer includes liquid A and liquid B. Among them, the component weight percentages of liquid A are as follows: Potassium nitrate: 39% Oyster shell powder acidolysis solution: 23%; Polyaspartic acid dispersant: 1%; Citric acid: 2%; Deionized water: 35%; The component weight percentages of liquid B are as follows: Rare earth-polyglutamic acid chelate: 0.1%; Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 21%; Magnesium sulfate: 13%; Deionized water: 65.9%; During application, liquid A and liquid B are stored in separate tanks. During drip irrigation, they are mixed in a 1:1 ratio through a Venturi fertilizer applicator to form a mixed solution, and irrigated synchronously according to the water demand law of strawberries. 10 - 15 kg of the mixed solution is used per mu each time.

[0010] Before implementation, the fruit cracking rate during the conventional fertilizer cultivation process was as high as 30%. By using the cultivation method of Example 1, the fruit cracking rate was reduced to 4%, the fruit hardness was increased by 18%, and the sugar content was increased by 3.0 Brix. Example 2

[0011] A strawberry cultivation method, which includes the following steps: (1)Soil treatment before planting: Apply soil improvement fertilizer before planting to adjust the soil pH to 6.3. The weight percentage of the components of the soil improvement fertilizer is as follows: Oyster shell powder: 52%; Fully decomposed sheep manure: 36%; Compound rare earth silicate: 2%; Bacillus subtilis bactericide: 4%; Potassium humate chelate fertilizer: 6%; Among them, the oyster shell powder is an ultrafine powder calcined and activated above 800 meshes, the organic matter content in the fully decomposed sheep manure is ≥45%, the compound rare earth silicate contains lanthanum and cerium elements, and the amount of bacteria per gram of the Bacillus subtilis bactericide is 1 billion CFU / g; (2)Apply flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer during the flower bud differentiation to young fruit swelling stage; The weight percentage of the components of the flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer is as follows: Oyster shell nano-calcium extraction solution: 30%; Sugar alcohol chelated rare earth: 0.08%; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 15%; Seaweed polysaccharide: 5%; Organosilicon penetrant: 0.1%; Deionized water: 50.72%; Among them, the Ca²⁺ in the oyster shell nano-calcium extraction solution is ≥80g / L; The rare earth and sugar alcohol are chelated in a pH 5.0 environment; (3)Apply swelling fruit and stress resistance drip irrigation fertilizer during the fruit swelling to maturity stage. The swelling fruit and stress resistance drip irrigation fertilizer includes liquid A and liquid B. Among them, the weight percentage of the components of liquid A is as follows: Potassium nitrate: 40% Oyster shell powder acidolysis solution: 25%; Polyaspartic acid dispersant: 1%; Citric acid: 2%; Deionized water: 32%; The weight percentage of the components of liquid B is as follows: Rare earth-polyglutamic acid chelate: 0.1%; Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 20%; Magnesium sulfate: 12%; Deionized water: 67.9%; During application, liquid A and liquid B are stored in separate tanks. During drip irrigation, they are mixed in a 1:1 ratio through a Venturi fertilizer applicator to form a mixed solution, and irrigated synchronously according to the water demand law of strawberries. 10-15 kg of the mixed solution is used per mu each time.

[0012] Using the cultivation method of Example 2, the cracking rate is reduced to 3%, the fruit hardness is increased by 18%, and the sugar content is increased by 3.0 Brix. Example 3

[0013] A strawberry cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) Soil treatment before planting: Apply soil improvement fertilizer before planting to adjust the soil pH to 6.2. The component weight percentages of the soil improvement fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell powder: 46%; Fully decomposed sheep manure: 39%; Compound rare earth silicate: 2%; Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent: 6%; Potassium humate chelate fertilizer: 7%; Among them, the oyster shell powder is an ultrafine powder with a particle size of more than 800 meshes and is calcined and activated. The content of organic matter in the fully decomposed sheep manure is ≥ 45%. The compound rare earth silicate contains lanthanum and cerium elements. The amount of bacteria per gram of the Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent is 1 billion CFU / g; (2) Apply flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer during the flower bud differentiation to young fruit swelling stage; The component weight percentages of the flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell nano-calcium extraction solution: 30%; Sugar alcohol chelated rare earth: 0.08%; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 13%; Seaweed polysaccharide: 4%; Organosilicon penetrant: 0.2%; Deionized water: 52.72%; Among them, the Ca²⁺ in the oyster shell nano-calcium extraction solution is ≥ 80 g / L; The rare earth and sugar alcohol are chelated in a pH 5.0 environment; (3) Apply swelling fruit stress-resistant drip irrigation fertilizer during the fruit swelling to maturity stage. The swelling fruit stress-resistant drip irrigation fertilizer includes liquid A and liquid B. Among them, the component weight percentages of liquid A are as follows: Potassium nitrate: 42% Oyster shell powder acidolysis solution: 25%; Polyaspartic acid dispersant: 2%; Citric acid: 1%; Deionized water: 30%; The component weight percentages of liquid B are as follows: Rare earth-polyglutamic acid chelate: 0.15%; Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 21%; Magnesium sulfate: 13%; Deionized water: 65.85%; During application, liquid A and liquid B are stored in separate tanks. When drip irrigation is carried out, they are mixed in a 1:1 ratio through a Venturi fertilizer applicator to form a mixed solution, and irrigated synchronously according to the water demand law of strawberries. 10-15 kg of the mixed solution is used per mu each time.

[0014] Using the cultivation method of Example 3, the cracking rate is reduced to 4%, the fruit hardness is increased by 20%, and the sugar content is increased by 2.8 Brix. Example 4

[0015] A strawberry cultivation method, comprising the following steps: (1) Soil treatment before planting: Apply soil improvement fertilizer before planting, adjust the soil pH to 6.2, and the component weight percentages of the soil improvement fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell powder: 47%; Fully decomposed sheep manure: 38%; Compound rare earth silicate: 2%; Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent: 6%; Potassium humate chelate fertilizer: 7%; Among them, the oyster shell powder is an ultrafine powder calcined and activated above 800 meshes, the organic matter content in the fully decomposed sheep manure is ≥ 45%, the compound rare earth silicate contains lanthanum and cerium elements, and the bacterium amount of the Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent is 1 billion CFU / g per gram of tissue; (2) Apply flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer during the flower bud differentiation to young fruit swelling period; the component weight percentages of the flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell nano-calcium extraction solution: 25%; Sugar alcohol chelated rare earth: 0.05%; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 14%; Seaweed polysaccharide: 5%; Organosilicon penetrant: 0.2%; Deionized water: 55.75%; Among them, the Ca²⁺ in the oyster shell nano-calcium extraction solution is ≥ 80g / L; the rare earth and sugar alcohol are chelated in a pH 5.0 environment; (3) Apply fruit swelling and stress resistance drip irrigation fertilizer during the fruit swelling to maturity period. The fruit swelling and stress resistance drip irrigation fertilizer includes liquid A and liquid B. Among them, the component weight percentages of liquid A are as follows: Potassium nitrate: 37%; Oyster shell powder acidolysis solution: 23%; Polyaspartic acid dispersant: 1%; Citric acid: 1%; Deionized water: 32%; The component weight percentages of liquid B are as follows: Rare earth-polyglutamic acid chelate: 0.1%; Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 18%; Magnesium sulfate: 13%; Deionized water: 68.9%; During application, liquid A and liquid B are stored in separate tanks. During drip irrigation, they are mixed in a 1:1 ratio through a Venturi fertilizer applicator to form a mixed solution, and irrigated synchronously according to the water demand law of strawberries. 10-15 kg of the mixed solution is used per mu each time.

[0016] Using the cultivation method of Example 4, the fruit cracking rate is reduced to 3%, the fruit hardness is increased by 20%, and the sugar content is increased by 2.7 Brix. Example 5

[0017] A strawberry cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) Soil treatment before planting: Apply soil improvement fertilizer before planting, adjust the soil pH to 6.5, and the component weight percentages of the soil improvement fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell powder: 55%; Fully decomposed sheep manure: 33%; Compound rare earth silicate: 1%; Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent: 5%; Potassium humate chelate fertilizer: 6%; Among them, the oyster shell powder is an ultrafine powder calcined and activated above 800 meshes, the organic matter content in the fully decomposed sheep manure is ≥ 45%, the compound rare earth silicate contains lanthanum and cerium elements, and the bacterium amount of the Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent is 1 billion CFU / g per gram of tissue; (2) Apply flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer during the flower bud differentiation to young fruit swelling period; the component weight percentages of the flower and fruit strengthening leaf fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell nano-calcium extraction solution: 31%; Sugar alcohol chelated rare earth: 0.07%; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 15%; Seaweed polysaccharide: 4%; Organic silicon penetrant: 0.2%; Deionized water: 49.73%; Among them, the Ca²⁺ in the oyster shell nano-calcium extraction solution is ≥ 80 g / L; the rare earth and sugar alcohol are chelated in a pH 5.0 environment; (3) Apply swelling fruit stress-resistant drip irrigation fertilizer during the fruit swelling to maturity period. The swelling fruit stress-resistant drip irrigation fertilizer includes liquid A and liquid B. Among them, the component weight percentages of liquid A are as follows: Potassium nitrate: 39% Oyster shell powder acidolysis solution: 22%; Polyaspartic acid dispersant: 2%; Citric acid: 1%; Deionized water: 36%; The component weight percentages of liquid B are as follows: Rare earth-polyglutamic acid chelate: 0.1%; Monoammonium phosphate: 20%; Magnesium sulfate: 12%; Deionized water: 67.9%; When applied, liquid A and liquid B are stored in separate tanks. During drip irrigation, they are mixed in a 1:1 ratio through a Venturi fertilizer applicator to form a mixed solution, which is irrigated synchronously according to the water demand law of strawberries. 10 - 15 kg of the mixed solution is used per mu each time.

[0018] Using the cultivation method of Example 4, the cracking rate is reduced to 3%, the fruit hardness is increased by 20%, and the sugar content is increased by 2.8 Brix.

[0019] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent process transformation made using the content of the specification of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A strawberry cultivation method, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: (1) Soil treatment before planting: Apply soil improvement fertilizer before planting, and adjust the soil pH to 6.2 - 6.

5. The component weight percentages of the soil improvement fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell powder: 46% - 55%; Decomposed sheep manure: 33% - 39%; Compound rare earth silicate: 1% - 2%; Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent: 4% - 6%; Potassium humate chelate fertilizer: 6% - 8%; Among them, the oyster shell powder is an ultrafine powder with a particle size of more than 800 meshes and is calcined and activated. The organic matter content in the decomposed sheep manure is ≥45%. The compound rare earth silicate contains lanthanum and cerium elements. The bacterium amount of the Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent is 1 billion CFU / g per gram of tissue; (2) Apply flower and fruit strengthening and leaf fertilizer during the flower bud differentiation to young fruit swelling stage; (3) Apply fruit swelling and stress resistance drip fertilizer during the fruit swelling to maturity stage. The fruit swelling and stress resistance drip fertilizer includes liquid A and liquid B. Among them, the component weight percentages of liquid A are as follows: Potassium nitrate: 37% - 42%; Acid hydrolysis solution of oyster shell powder: 22% - 25%; Polyaspartic acid dispersant: 1% - 2%; Citric acid: 1% - 2%; The rest is deionized water; The component weight percentages of liquid B are as follows: Rare earth - polyglutamic acid chelate: 0.05% - 0.15%; Monoammonium phosphate: 18% - 21%; Magnesium sulfate: 12% - 13%; The rest is deionized water.

2. The strawberry cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The component weight percentages of the flower and fruit strengthening and leaf fertilizer are as follows: Oyster shell nano - calcium extraction solution: 25% - 31%; Sugar alcohol chelated rare earth: 0.05% - 0.08%; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 13% - 15%; Seaweed polysaccharide: 4% - 5%; Organic silicon penetrant: 0.1% - 0.2%; The rest is deionized water; Among them, the Ca²⁺ content in the oyster shell nano - calcium extraction solution is ≥80g / L; the rare earth and sugar alcohol are chelated in an environment with a pH of 5.0.