Antenna radiation unit and antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to an antenna radiation unit and an antenna, the antenna radiation unit comprises a radiation unit body and a phase adjusting structure arranged above the radiation unit body, and the phase adjusting structure is a metal ring array formed by arranging a plurality of metal ring units in an array mode. The spherical wave conversion module is used for converting the spherical wave emitted by the radiation unit body into a plane-like wave to realize beam convergence; the metal ring array is composed of multiple stages of metal ring sub-arrays which are concentrically arranged, the sizes of the metal ring units of all stages from inside to outside are gradually increased, the electromagnetic wave phase can be accurately regulated and controlled, spherical waves are converted into plane-like waves, beam broadening and narrowing can be effectively achieved while S parameters are not affected, the requirements of different wave widths are met, and the application range is wide. The performance of the radiation unit is improved, and the antenna directivity and radiation efficiency are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and particularly to an antenna radiation element and an antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern wireless communication technologies, while achieving large-scale mobile broadband connections and various new applications in the 5G / 6G era, the energy consumption of communication systems is also increasing. The continuous pursuit of network performance in the 5G / 6G era also requires the continuous improvement of the efficiency of radio frequency systems and antennas in wireless base stations, so as to achieve better network coverage performance. As the front end of a communication system, antennas are urgent in terms of efficiency improvement. And as an important component of an antenna, designing an efficient radiation element is also very important, and its effectiveness also determines the performance of the overall system, that is, the performance of the radiation element directly determines the coverage range and energy efficiency of the base station, which is the most critical component. Therefore, the design of the radiation element is particularly important.

[0003] Traditional radiation elements have the following technical bottlenecks: 1. Limited radiation efficiency: Radiation elements using PCB boards have low efficiency due to dielectric loss in the low-frequency band (such as 1695 - 1710 MHz), while die-cast dipole structures have potential problems of electroplating pollution and welding intermodulation. 2. Insufficient beam control ability: The traditional director or reflector structure has a limited adjustment range for the beam width. 3. Complex manufacturing process: The welding and assembly of multiple components result in poor production consistency, and the electroplating process does not conform to the trend of green manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an antenna radiation element with significantly improved radiation efficiency, controllable beam convergence and basically no impact on S parameters, meeting the requirements of 5G / 6G base stations for wide bandwidth, high gain and low energy consumption, so as to solve at least one of the problems proposed in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0006] In the first aspect of the present invention, an antenna radiation element is proposed, which includes a radiation element body and a phase adjustment structure arranged above the radiation element body. The phase adjustment structure is a metal ring array formed by arranging a plurality of metal ring units in an array form, and is used to convert the spherical wave emitted by the radiation element body into a quasi-plane wave to achieve beam convergence.

[0007] A further improvement is that the metal ring array includes at least four levels of metal ring sub-arrays arranged in a concentric manner; wherein the first-level metal ring sub-array is located at the center of the metal ring array, the second-level metal ring sub-array surrounds the first-level metal ring sub-array, the third-level metal ring sub-array surrounds the second-level metal ring sub-array, and so on; the size of the metal ring unit increases proportionally from the first-level metal ring sub-array to the peripheral metal ring sub-arrays of each level.

[0008] A further improvement is that the metal ring unit is a closed ring structure formed by a metal linear body, the closed ring structure comprises a base ring and an extension ring, a plurality of openings are evenly opened on the base ring along the circumference, and each of the openings is connected to an extension ring.

[0009] A further improvement is that a plurality of branches are evenly arranged on the base ring along the circumferential direction.

[0010] A further improvement is that the shape of the internal gap formed by the extension ring is any one of a "T" shape, a "X" shape or a "earth" shape.

[0011] A further improvement is that the base ring has a symmetrical geometric shape.

[0012] A further improvement is that the radiation unit body includes a balun, an adapter plate, a coupling plate and a radiation plate, the coupling plate is arranged on the top of the balun, the adapter plate is arranged on the bottom of the balun, the radiation plate is a pure metal structure, and the coupling plate is coupled to the radiation plate.

[0013] A further improvement is that the coupling plate is also a pure metal structure.

[0014] A further improvement is that the radiation unit body includes a balun, an adapter plate and a radiation plate, the radiation plate is arranged on the top of the balun, the adapter plate is arranged on the bottom of the balun, the radiation plate is a pure metal structure, a first coupling part of a pure metal structure is integrally formed on the radiation plate, a second coupling part is arranged on the top of the balun, and the balun is coupled to the radiation plate through the cooperation of the first coupling part and the second coupling part.

[0015] The second aspect of the present invention proposes an antenna, comprising a reflector, a phase shifter, and an antenna radiating unit as described in any one of the first aspects, wherein the radiating unit body adopts a modular design and is connected to the circuit of the phase shifter by a plug-in connection, the reflector is arranged between the antenna radiating unit and the phase shifter, and a radiating unit avoidance hole is arranged on the reflector.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] In the present invention, a phase adjustment structure is provided above the radiation unit body. The phase adjustment structure is a metal ring array composed of multiple metal ring units arranged in an array form. The metal ring array is composed of multiple levels of concentrically arranged metal ring sub-arrays. The sizes of the metal ring units at each level increase gradually from the inside to the outside, which can accurately control the phase of electromagnetic waves, convert spherical waves into quasi-plane waves, and effectively achieve beam broadening and narrowing without affecting the S parameters, adapt to the requirements of different beam widths, improve the performance of the radiation unit, and significantly enhance the directivity and radiation efficiency of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna radiation unit of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the metal ring array in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the metal ring unit in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another metal ring unit in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 is an exploded view of a radiation unit with a PCB structure for the radiation plate;

[0023] Figure 6 is an assembled view of a radiation unit with a PCB structure for the radiation plate;

[0024] Figure 7 is an exploded view of a radiation unit with a pure metal structure for the radiation plate;

[0025] Figure 8 is an assembled view of a radiation unit with a pure metal structure for the radiation plate;

[0026] Figure 9 is an exploded view of a radiation unit with a pure metal structure (the coupling plate and the radiation plate are integrated) for the radiation plate;

[0027] Figure 10 is an assembled view of a radiation unit with a pure metal structure (the coupling plate and the radiation plate are integrated) for the radiation plate;

[0028] Figure 11 is Figure 8 the standing wave curve graph of the radiation unit of;

[0029] Figure 12 is Figure 8 the isolation curve graph of the radiation unit of;

[0030] Figure 13 is Figure 8 the horizontal plane radiation pattern of the radiation unit of;

[0031] Figure 14 is Figure 8 the vertical plane radiation pattern of the radiation element;

[0032] Figure 15 is the horizontal plane radiation pattern before adding the metal ring array;

[0033] Figure 16 is the horizontal plane radiation pattern after adding the metal ring array;

[0034] Figure 17 is the vertical plane radiation pattern before adding the metal ring array;

[0035] Figure 18 is the vertical plane radiation pattern after adding the metal ring array;

[0036] Figure 19 is the comparison chart of the horizontal plane beam widths before and after adding the metal ring array;

[0037] Figure 20 is the comparison chart of the vertical plane beam widths before and after adding the metal ring array;

[0038] Figure 21 is the comparison chart of the standing waves before and after adding the metal ring array;

[0039] Figure 22 is the comparison chart of the isolation degrees before and after adding the metal ring array.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0041] 1. Radiation element body; 2. Metal ring element; 3. Metal ring array; 31. First-level metal ring sub-array; 32. Second-level metal ring sub-array; 33. Third-level metal ring sub-array; 34. Fourth-level metal ring sub-array; 21. Base ring; 22. Extension ring; 23. Opening; 24. Stub; 4. Director; 5. Balun; 6. Adapter board; 7. Coupling board; 8. Radiation board; 9. First coupling part; 10. Second coupling part; 11. Reflector; 12. Phase shifter; 13. Radome; 14. Radiation element avoidance hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners. It should be understood that the specific implementation manners described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to", "arranged on", "secured to", or "mounted on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. Further, when an element is considered to be "drivably connected to" another element, the two can achieve power transmission, and the specific implementation method can be achieved by using the existing technology and will not be elaborated here. When an element is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to another element, it means that the ideal state of the two is perpendicular, but due to the influence of manufacturing and assembly, there may be a certain vertical error. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this article are only for the purpose of illustration and do not represent the only implementation manner.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this article have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this invention belongs. The terms used in the specification of this invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this invention. The term "and / or" used in this article includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0045] The "first" and "second" involved in this invention do not represent specific quantities and sequences, but are only used for name distinction.

[0046] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 22 , a first aspect of an embodiment of this invention proposes an antenna radiation unit, as Figure 1 shown, including a radiation unit body 1 and a phase adjustment structure arranged above the radiation unit body 1. The phase adjustment structure is a metal ring array 3 formed by arranging a plurality of metal ring units 2 in an array form, and is used to convert the spherical wave emitted by the radiation unit body 1 into a quasi-plane wave to achieve beam convergence.

[0047] Specifically, the metal ring unit 2 is a ring structure made of a high-conductivity metal material (such as copper, aluminum, etc.). The metal ring array 3 can be processed by PCB or formed by supporting all metal ring units 2 with a dielectric.

[0048] It can be understood that the metal ring array 3 can adjust the phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation unit body 1, so that the electromagnetic wave passing through the metal ring array 3 has the characteristics of a quasi-plane wave, and the beam is more convergent and concentrated.

[0049] In a preferred solution of this embodiment, as Figure 2As shown, the metal ring array 3 includes at least four levels of metal ring sub-arrays arranged concentrically; among them, the first-level metal ring sub-array 31 is located at the center of the metal ring array 3, the second-level metal ring sub-array 32 surrounds the first-level metal ring sub-array 31, the third-level metal ring sub-array 33 surrounds the second-level metal ring sub-array 32, and so on; the size of the metal ring unit 2 gradually increases proportionally from the first-level metal ring sub-array 31 to the outer metal ring sub-arrays at all levels.

[0050] It can be understood that by using the effect of the metal structure on electromagnetic waves, the spherical wave emitted from the radiation source is converted into a quasi-plane wave after passing through the metal structure (equivalent to a lens). By adjusting the refractive index distribution and structure of the metal structure, the propagation path and phase of the electromagnetic wave can be changed, and beam focusing, collimation, or the formation of a beam with a specific shape can be achieved.

[0051] In the present invention, each level of the metal ring unit 2 is used to adjust the phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation unit body 1. The metal ring units 2 of the metal ring sub-arrays at all levels from the first-level metal ring sub-array 31 to the outside gradually increase proportionally, forming a gradient refractive index distribution (the refractive index increases from the center to the edge), so that the refractive index of the electromagnetic wave gradually increases from the middle to the edge, reducing the phase difference of the electromagnetic wave, and achieving beam focusing and collimation to ensure the pattern performance of the antenna. The principle is to utilize the phase delay effect of the metal structure on the electromagnetic wave. The central metal ring unit 2 has the largest phase compensation amount for the spherical wave, and the compensation amount of the outer metal ring units 2 gradually decreases, increasing the radius of curvature of the wavefront and finally synthesizing a quasi-plane wave.

[0052] The metal ring unit 2 can be made of a metal material with high conductivity and low loss. High conductivity helps to reduce ohmic loss during current transmission and improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0053] It can be understood that the distance between adjacent levels of metal ring sub-arrays in the metal ring array 3 can be the same or different, and can be specifically optimized according to the beam narrowing degree at each frequency point. The adjustment of the overall size and height of the metal ring array 3 can greatly adjust the beam broadening, narrowing, and convergence degree. The change in the beam width linearly corresponds to the change in the overall size within a certain range; the adjustment of the size and relative position of each level of metal ring sub-arrays in the metal ring array 3 can slightly adjust the beam broadening, narrowing, and convergence degree.

[0054] In addition, parameters such as the height, size, and spacing of the metal ring array 3 can be set as variables, and the performance indicators of the antenna (beam width, gain, standing wave ratio, etc.) can be used as the objective function. Intelligent optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms and improved particle swarm algorithms are introduced. Through these algorithms, the parameters such as the height, size, and spacing of the metal ring array 3 are continuously optimized and searched within a certain preset range, and the objective function value is continuously judged in a loop until the global optimal solution or an approximate global optimal solution is found, ultimately achieving a better size and position layout.

[0055] Specifically, in this embodiment, the height of the metal ring array 3 (the distance between the bottom surface of the metal ring array 3 and the radiation plate 8) is greater than 0.5 times the center wavelength of the radiation unit, and there are four levels of metal ring sub-arrays arranged concentrically. The overall size of the metal ring array 3 is greater than 0.5 times the center wavelength of the radiation unit. Among them, the first-level metal ring sub-array 31 includes one metal ring unit 2, which is located at the center of the metal ring array 3. The second-level metal ring sub-array 32 includes eight metal ring units 2, and the eight metal ring units 2 surround the first-level metal ring sub-array 31. The third-level metal ring sub-array 33 includes sixteen metal ring units 2, and the sixteen metal ring units 2 surround the second-level metal ring sub-array 32. The fourth-level metal ring sub-array 34 includes twenty-four metal ring units 2, and the twenty-four metal ring units 2 surround the third-level metal ring sub-array 33. The metal ring array 3 has a total of forty-nine metal ring units 2, forming a square array.

[0056] Since the metal ring array 3 is composed of multiple mutually independent, spatially separated and not directly connected metal ring units 2 (that is, there is a certain interval between each metal ring unit 2, in a discrete distribution state), this can achieve transmission of electromagnetic waves without strong reflection effects, so it basically does not affect the S parameters.

[0057] According to antenna theory, the larger the aperture, the better the directivity of the antenna and the higher the gain. Because a large-aperture lens can collect more electromagnetic wave energy and concentrate it within a narrower beam range, thereby achieving the regulation of the beam width.

[0058] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 、 Figure 4 shown, the metal ring unit 2 is a closed-loop structure formed by enclosing a metal wire-shaped body. The closed-loop structure includes a base ring 21 and an extension ring 22. A plurality of openings 23 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on the base ring 21, and an extension ring 22 is connected to each opening 23.

[0059] A plurality of branches 24 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on the base ring 21.

[0060] It can be understood that by setting the extension ring 22 and the branches 24 on the base ring 21 to form a complex shape, which makes the current generate complex paths such as bending and branching, the diversity of the current path can be increased. The diversity of the current path increases the equivalent inductance and capacitance of the structure, enabling the metal ring array 3 to produce phase delay or lead effects on electromagnetic waves at multiple frequency points, and enhancing the regulation ability of broadband electromagnetic waves. That is, the extension ring 22 can change the current path, thereby affecting the induced field and phase distribution of the electromagnetic wave to meet the requirements of different frequency bands. The presence of the branches 24 can change the current path and distribution on the base ring 21. When the electromagnetic wave excites the antenna, the current will flow on the base ring 21 and the branches 24. By reasonably designing the length and position of the branches 24, the current can be concentrated or dispersed in a specific area, thereby affecting the radiation characteristics of the antenna.

[0061] In this embodiment, the base ring 21 has a symmetric geometric shape, such as a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon, a circle, etc. As Figure 4 shown in the pentagonal base ring 21, the base ring 21 can be horizontally, vertically, or rotationally symmetric, or a symmetric structure of one or more of horizontal, vertical, and rotational symmetries.

[0062] In this embodiment, the shape type of the internal gap enclosed by the extension ring 22 is any one of a "T" shape, a "cross" shape, or a "soil" shape. The extension ring 22 can protrude towards the inside or outside of the base ring 21.

[0063] It can be understood that the length change of the "one" character direction in the "T" shape, "cross" shape, and "soil" shape affects the current distribution, thereby affecting the change of the induced field generated by the current, and has different effects on different frequencies. That is, optimizing the current distribution for different frequency bands can achieve multi-frequency independent phase regulation.

[0064] The length change of the branches 24 affects the current distribution, thereby affecting the change of the induced field generated by the current, and has different effects on different frequencies; each branch 24 can be of equal length or different. The design of different branches 24 can suppress the side lobes generated by edge diffraction and make the main lobe energy more concentrated.

[0065] Therefore, by optimizing the structural dimensions of the extension ring 22 and the dimensions of the branches 24, the beam width of some frequency points can be finely adjusted.

[0066] Specifically, as Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the base ring 21 is specifically a quadrilateral, and the four corners of the quadrilateral are chamfered. An opening 23 is provided at the middle of each of the four sides of the quadrilateral, and an extension ring 22 is connected to each opening 23, that is, there are four extension rings 22. The extension rings 22 protrude into the interior of the base ring 21, and the shape type of the internal gap formed by the enclosure of the extension rings 22 is a "T" shape. On each side of the quadrilateral, one branch 24 is provided on each side of the opening 23, and there are a total of eight branches 24, and the eight branches 24 all protrude outward from the base ring 21.

[0067] As Figure 15 compared with Figure 16 the data between, and Figure 17 compared with Figure 18 it can be seen from the data between that after adding the metal ring array 3, the horizontal plane / vertical plane beam is significantly concentrated within the range of 3 dBi.

[0068] From Figure 19 and Figure 20 it can be seen that before adding the metal ring array 3, the horizontal plane beam width range is 51.9° - 72.5°, and after adding the metal ring array 3, the beam width is 58.0° - 68.6°, which is significantly more concentrated; from the graph, the slope of the full-band wave width curve is larger before adding the metal ring array 3, and the slope becomes smaller after adding the metal ring array 3, and the curve is relatively flat. Before adding the metal ring array 3, the vertical plane beam width range is 49.7° - 69.1°, and after adding the metal ring array 3, the beam width is 54.3° - 67.1°, which is significantly more concentrated; from the graph, the slope of the full-band wave width curve is larger before adding the metal ring array 3, and the slope becomes smaller after adding the metal ring array 3, and the curve is relatively flat.

[0069] From Figure 21 and Figure 22 it can be seen (P1 represents port 1, P2 represents port 2) that the standing wave changes from 1.29 to 1.36 before and after adding the metal ring array 3. Although there are fluctuations, it does not affect the performance; the isolation changes from 25.3 to 25.6 before and after adding the metal ring array 3. Although there are fluctuations, the fluctuations are small and do not affect the performance. Therefore, it basically does not affect the S parameters.

[0070] In one of the solutions of this embodiment, as Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the radiation unit body 1 includes a director 4, a balun 5, an adapter board 6, a coupling board 7, and a radiation board 8. The coupling board 7 is disposed at the top of the balun 5, and the adapter board 6 is disposed at the bottom of the balun 5. A matching circuit is provided on the adapter board 6 for facilitating docking with the phase shifter 12. The coupling board 7, the balun 5, and the adapter board 6 form a radiation unit module, which can be welded and assembled offline. The radiation unit module is used to be mounted on the phase shifter 12 and coupled to the phase shifter 12 for grounding. The lower end of the core wire of the balun 5 is electrically connected to the adapter board 6 in terms of circuit, and the lower end of the ground wire of the balun 5 is electrically connected to the adapter board 6 in terms of ground; the upper end of the ground wire of the balun 5 is electrically connected to the coupling board 7 in terms of circuit; the radiation board 8, the coupling board 7, the balun 5, and the adapter board 6 are of a pcb structure. The balun 5 is a double-sided board, and the coupling board 7 and the radiation board 8 are both single-sided boards. The circuit of the coupling board 7 is tangentially assembled with the circuit of the radiation board 8, and an insulating substance is added therebetween to avoid affecting intermodulation; all connection points between the balun 5 and the coupling board 7, and between the balun 5 and the adapter board 6 are designed on the front side, facilitating integrated automated welding, improving assembly efficiency and consistency.

[0071] In a preferred solution of this embodiment, as Figure 7 、 Figure 8 shown, the radiation board 8 is changed to a pure metal structure. Specifically, the radiation unit body 1 includes a director 4, a balun 5, an adapter board 6, a coupling board 7, and a radiation board 8. The coupling board 7 is disposed at the top of the balun 5, and the adapter board 6 is disposed at the bottom of the balun 5. The radiation board 8 is of a pure metal structure, without the need for electroplating, avoiding electroplating pollution. The coupling board 7 is coupled to the radiation board 8. The radiation board 8 includes two dipoles arranged orthogonally in polarization. Each dipole includes two mutually symmetric radiation arms, with a total of four radiation arms.

[0072] In the preferred solution of this embodiment, the coupling board 7 is also changed to a pure metal structure. The coupling board 7 is composed of four identical parts symmetrically placed; the radiation board 8 can adopt a local electroplating process to reduce electroplating pollution.

[0073] By adopting the radiation board 8 of a pure metal structure in the present invention, its efficiency is higher than that of the radiation board 8 made of PCB board.

[0074] As Figure 11 shown, when using the Figure 8 radiation unit, the worst standing wave in the 1710 - 2690 MHz frequency band is 1.38. As Figure 12 shown, when using the Figure 8 radiation unit, the worst isolation in the 1710 - 2690 MHz frequency band is 22.8 dB. As Figure 13 shown, when using the Figure 8When it comes to the radiation unit, in the frequency band of 1710 - 2690 MHz, the beam width ranges between 55.1 - 73.1 degrees, and the gain ranges between 8.1 - 10.8 dBi. As Figure 14 shown, when using the Figure 8 radiation unit, in the frequency band of 1710 - 2690 MHz, the beam width ranges between 54.8 - 71.7 degrees.

[0075] Therefore, the sheet metal design of the radiation plate 8 in the present invention effectively improves the radiation efficiency from 1695 MHz to 1710 MHz compared with the PCB structure, with the efficiency increased by nearly 10%, and the efficiency in the frequency band of 2300 - 2690 MHz increased by nearly 5%.

[0076] In another preferred solution of this embodiment, as Figure 9 、 Figure 10 shown, the radiation unit body 1 includes a director 4, a balun 5, an adapter plate 6, and a radiation plate 8. The radiation plate 8 is arranged at the top of the balun 5, and the adapter plate 6 is arranged at the bottom of the balun 5. The radiation plate 8 is of a pure metal structure, and a first coupling part 9 of a pure metal structure is integrally formed on the radiation plate 8 (that is, the coupling plate 7 and the radiation plate 8 are combined into one), and the efficiency will be improved again. A second coupling part 10 is arranged at the top of the balun 5, and the balun 5 is coupled and connected to the radiation plate 8 through the cooperation of the first coupling part 9 and the second coupling part 10. The coupling connection between the balun 5 and the radiation plate 8 can reduce electroplating, save energy and reduce emissions. In addition, the coupling connection between the radiation plate 8 and the balun 5 can effectively avoid the intermodulation hidden danger caused by welding; at the same time, it also takes into account the convenience of offline assembly and online assembly.

[0077] Please refer to the attached Figure 5 - attached Figure 10 shown. A second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention proposes an antenna, which includes a reflector 11, a phase shifter 12, an antenna cover 13, and also includes an antenna radiation unit described in any one of the first aspects of the embodiment. The radiation unit body 1 adopts a modular design and is circuit - connected to the phase shifter 12 through a direct - plug connection method. A reflector 11 is arranged between the antenna radiation unit and the phase shifter 12, and a radiation unit avoidance hole 14 is arranged on the reflector 11, and a plug - in hole is arranged on the top surface of the phase shifter 12.

[0078] Specifically, the modular design of the radiation unit body 1 means that the balun 5, the adapter board 6, and the coupling board 7 are first assembled and fixed together to form a radiation unit module, which can be welded and assembled offline to improve production efficiency. During installation, the radiation unit module is installed on the phase shifter 12 through a direct plug-in connection method and is coupled to the ground with the phase shifter 12. The radiation unit module is first completely installed and welded with the phase shifter 12, and then the whole passes through the radiation unit avoidance hole 14 on the reflector 11 and is installed and fixed on the reflector 11. After the phase shifter 12 is installed and fixed on the reflector 11, the radiation plate 8 and the director 4 are installed.

[0079] In the case where the coupling board 7 and the radiation plate 8 are combined into one, the balun 5 and the adapter board 6 can be assembled and fixed together to form a radiation unit module, and then the whole passes through the radiation unit avoidance hole 14 on the reflector 11 and is installed and fixed on the reflector 11. After the phase shifter 12 is installed and fixed on the reflector 11, the radiation plate 8 and the director 4 are installed.

[0080] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope recorded in this specification.

[0081] The above-described embodiments only represent the specific implementation manners of the present invention, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna radiation unit, characterized in that, It includes a radiation unit body and a phase adjustment structure arranged above the radiation unit body. The phase adjustment structure is a metal ring array composed of multiple metal ring units arranged in an array form, which is used to convert the spherical wave emitted by the radiation unit body into a quasi-plane wave to achieve beam convergence.

2. The antenna radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal ring array includes at least four levels of metal ring sub-arrays arranged in a concentric manner; wherein the first-level metal ring sub-array is located at the center of the metal ring array, the second-level metal ring sub-array surrounds the first-level metal ring sub-array, the third-level metal ring sub-array surrounds the second-level metal ring sub-array, and so on; the size of the metal ring unit increases proportionally from the first-level metal ring sub-array to the peripheral metal ring sub-arrays of each level.

3. An antenna radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal ring unit is a closed ring structure formed by a metal wire body, and the closed ring structure includes a base ring and an extension ring. The base ring is evenly provided with a plurality of openings along the circumference, and each of the openings is connected to an extension ring.

4. An antenna radiation unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, A plurality of branches are evenly arranged on the base ring along the circumferential direction.

5. An antenna radiation unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The shape of the internal gap formed by the extension ring is any one of a "T" shape, a "X" shape or a "earth" shape.

6. An antenna radiation element according to claim 3, characterized in that, The base ring has a symmetrical geometric shape.

7. An antenna radiation element according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that The radiation unit body includes a balun, an adapter plate, a coupling plate and a radiation plate. The coupling plate is arranged on the top of the balun, the adapter plate is arranged on the bottom of the balun, the radiation plate is a pure metal structure, and the coupling plate is coupled to the radiation plate.

8. An antenna radiation unit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The coupling plate is also a pure metal structure.

9. An antenna radiation element according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The radiation unit body includes a balun, an adapter plate and a radiation plate. The radiation plate is arranged on the top of the balun, and the adapter plate is arranged on the bottom of the balun. The radiation plate is a pure metal structure. A first coupling part of a pure metal structure is integrally formed on the radiation plate. A second coupling part is arranged on the top of the balun. The balun is coupled to the radiation plate through the cooperation of the first coupling part and the second coupling part.

10. An antenna, characterized in that, It includes a reflecting plate, a phase shifter, and also includes an antenna radiating unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, the radiating unit body adopts a modular design and is connected to the circuit of the phase shifter by a plug-in connection method, the reflecting plate is arranged between the antenna radiating unit and the phase shifter, and the reflecting plate is provided with a radiating unit avoidance hole.

Images