High and steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of slope simulation tests, in particular to a high and steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device and method.The high and steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device comprises a multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table, a slope assembly, an airflow assembly and a driving assembly, the slope assembly is installed on the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table, and the airflow assembly is installed on the driving assembly; the airflow assembly is located above the side slope assembly, and the driving assembly is connected with the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table, the side slope assembly and the airflow assembly; the shifting piece is connected with the frame unit and is used for driving the inclination of the frame unit to change; the data acquisition system is used for monitoring the motion characteristics and collapse deformation of the slope model in the simulation process in real time and collecting data information generated in the test process; the problems that a traditional slope test device cannot dynamically simulate gradient gradual change caused by earthquake collapse, and the multi-disaster coupling effect of rockfall impact and hydrological airflow disturbance is difficult to reproduce are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope simulation tests, and particularly relates to a geotechnical simulation test device and method for high-steep embankment slopes. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of infrastructure construction such as transportation and water conservancy in China, the number of high-steep embankment slope projects has increased sharply, and their stability is directly related to project safety and operation benefits. Traditional slope stability analysis mostly relies on numerical simulation or scaled model tests. In contrast, traditional test devices mostly use multi-degree-of-freedom shaking tables with fixed slopes to simulate seismic effects, and it is difficult to reproduce the slope gradient change effect caused by dynamic collapse in real earthquakes. The test mode of fixed slope is generally adopted, and the seismic waves with different spectra are applied to evaluate the slope stability. However, in actual earthquake disasters, slopes often experience a dynamic failure process: the slope body collapses step by step due to structural instability under vibration, and finally the slope gradient will show a dynamic attenuation characteristic with the collapse process. The traditional fixed slope test device cannot effectively simulate the feedback effect of this slope gradient change on slope stability, resulting in a significant deviation between the test results and the real disaster process. Moreover, the existing technologies generally have the defect of insufficient multi-disaster coupling simulation ability, and the multi-physical field coupling effects such as rockfall impact, seismic wave and airflow disturbance accompanying the slope instability process have not been effectively integrated. The separated test method cannot reveal the synergistic failure mechanism of rockfall kinetic energy transfer and gas-solid coupling in the vibration environment, making it difficult to construct a multi-factor dynamic model of slope disaster evolution. Especially for the "slope gradient change - rockfall impact - airflow disturbance" chain disaster scenario caused by strong earthquakes, the existing technologies can neither dynamically adjust the slope gradient to simulate the terrain reconstruction after collapse nor reproduce the spatio-temporal coupling effect of multiple disasters, resulting in a lack of reliable test basis for engineering protection design and potential risks of secondary slope instability and even chain expansion of disasters.

[0003] Therefore, in view of this, the inventor proposes a geotechnical simulation test device and method for high-steep embankment slopes to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a geotechnical simulation test device for high-steep embankment slopes, aiming to solve the problems that traditional slope test devices cannot dynamically simulate the slope gradient change caused by earthquake collapse and are difficult to reproduce the multi-disaster coupling effects of rockfall impact and hydrological airflow disturbance; the second objective is to propose a method.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: A high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device, comprising a multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table, a slope component, an air flow component and a driving component, wherein the slope component is installed on the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table, the air flow component is located on one side of the slope component, and the driving component is connected to the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table, the slope component and the air flow component; The slope component includes a mounting frame, two frame units, a toggling member and a plurality of plates arranged between the two frame units, a simulated soil layer is covered on the surface of the plates, and the driving component is connected to the toggling member for driving the toggling member to extend to change the slope of the slope component; A data acquisition system for real-time monitoring of the collapse deformation of the simulated soil layer during the simulation process and collecting the data information generated during the test.

[0006] According to the above technical solution, the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table first simulates seismic waves or other vibration loads to drive the slope component installed thereon to generate dynamic responses; the slope component is composed of articulated frame units, telescopic toggling members and plates covered with simulated soil layers. The driving component controls the telescopic movement of the piston rod of the toggling member to push the articulated link system of the frame unit to change the geometric shape, thereby dynamically adjusting the slope of the slope and reproducing the gradient change effect caused by seismic collapse; at the same time, the air flow component applies air flow disturbance to the slope surface to simulate the wind load or gas-solid coupling effect in the real environment; the data acquisition system real-time monitors the displacement, crack expansion and overall collapse deformation data of the simulated soil layer during the vibration process, synchronously records the vibration parameters, slope adjustment amount and air flow disturbance intensity, and forms a multi-physical field coupling test scenario of "vibration - slope change - air flow disturbance - soil response" during the dynamic instability process of the slope, providing high-fidelity test data for analyzing the slope disaster mechanism.

[0007] Further, the mounting frame includes a frame and two side plates fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame, and the bottoms of the two side plates are connected to the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table; The frame unit includes a plurality of interconnected articulated members, the articulated member includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are cross-hinged, two ends of the first connecting rod are respectively hinged to the ends of two adjacent second connecting rods, and two ends of the second connecting rod are respectively hinged to the ends of two adjacent first connecting rods; The free end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the frame, and a third connecting rod is hinged to the free end of the first connecting rod, and the third connecting rod is hinged to the frame.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the mounting frame is rigidly connected to the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table through two side plates to transmit vibration energy to the slope component; the articulated frame unit is composed of a deformable grid structure consisting of a cross-hinged first link and a second link. When the driving component pushes the toggle member (such as a piston rod) to extend or retract, the first link is driven by the thrust to drive the adjacent second link to rotate around the frame hinge point. At the same time, the third link constrains the motion trajectory of the free end of the first link, causing the entire frame unit to produce linked deformation - the cross angle of the links changes synchronously with the stroke of the toggle member, driving the dynamic adjustment of the overall inclination angle of the cover plate, thereby controlling the slope attenuation process while vibrating; when the vibration table moves, the geometric reconstruction of the articulated frame and the collapse of the soil form a two-way feedback, realizing the real-time coupling of the slope gradient and the vibration load.

[0009] Furthermore, the toggle member includes a piston cylinder and a piston ring sealingly and slidingly connected to the piston cylinder. A piston cavity is formed in the piston cylinder, a limiting column is provided in the piston cavity, a piston rod is fixedly connected to the piston ring, and the end of the piston rod extends out of the piston cylinder and is hinged to the first connecting rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table includes a table and two vibration members, and the two vibration members are installed at the bottom of the table; The vibrating member includes a base, a first movable seat, a second movable seat and a top plate. Two support plates are symmetrically arranged on the base. First guide rods are arranged on both sides of the first movable seat. The first guide rods pass through the corresponding support plates and are slidably connected to the support plates. A second guide rod is symmetrically fixedly provided in the first movable seat, the second movable seat is slidably mounted on the second guide rod, and the top of the second movable seat is connected to the top plate; A driving hole is provided at the center of the second movable seat, and the driving assembly extends into the driving hole to drive the top plate and the table plate to move.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the base fixes the support as a whole, and the driving assembly converts the rotational motion into an eccentric reciprocating force through the driving rod extending into the driving hole of the second movable seat, forcing the second movable seat to slide vertically along the second guide rod, driving the top plate and the table plate to generate vertical vibration; at the same time, the first movable seat allows the table plate to be laterally displaced in the horizontal plane through the sliding cooperation of the first guide rods and the support plates on both sides; the composite motion of the second movable seat and the first movable seat forms a multi-directional displacement coupling. When the driving assembly continuously applies periodic eccentric driving force, the vibrating member drives the table plate to simulate the three-dimensional vibration of the spectral characteristics of the seismic wave, and transmits the vibration energy to the slope assembly through the two side plates, reproducing the mechanical environment of the slope subjected to multi-dimensional dynamic loads in a real earthquake.

[0012] Further, the air flow assembly includes an air flow box and a driving structure disposed within the air flow box. A first air cylinder and a second air cylinder are installed on the air flow box. A first piston rod is hermetically and slidably connected within the first air cylinder. A first intake pipe and a first outlet pipe are communicated with the first air cylinder. A first check valve is disposed within the first intake pipe, and a second check valve is disposed within the first outlet pipe. The free end of the first outlet pipe is communicated with the piston chamber. A second piston rod is hermetically and slidably connected within the second air cylinder. The second piston rod is communicated with a second intake pipe and a second outlet pipe. A third check valve is disposed within the second intake pipe, and a fourth check valve is disposed within the second outlet pipe. The driving structure includes a driving shaft rotatably installed on the air flow box. The driving shaft completely penetrates through both ends of the air flow box. A first eccentric block and a second eccentric block are eccentrically installed on the driving shaft. A first push rod is movably connected to the first eccentric block, and the free end of the first push rod is movably connected to the first piston rod. A second push rod is movably connected to the second eccentric block, and the free end of the second push rod is movably connected to the second piston rod.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, when the driving shaft rotates, the first eccentric block and the second eccentric block rotate with the driving shaft, and respectively push the first piston rod and the second piston rod to reciprocate within the corresponding air cylinders through the first push rod and the second push rod. When the first piston rod is pulled outwards, the first check valve of the first intake pipe opens to suck in air, while the second check valve of the first outlet pipe closes. When the piston rod is pushed inwards, the first intake pipe closes, and the compressed air is injected into the piston chamber of the toggling member through the first outlet pipe to assist in slope adjustment. The second piston rod reciprocates synchronously, sucks in air through the second intake pipe and discharges it from the second outlet pipe through the fourth check valve, forming a pulsed air flow that acts on the air and water hydrological component. The periodic rotation of the eccentric blocks causes the two air cylinders to alternately generate high-pressure air flows, which cooperate with the check valve group to achieve the directional transportation of the air flow. At the same time, the power of the driving shaft of the vibration table is utilized to realize the synchronous control of air flow disturbance and earthquake simulation, without the need for an additional energy supply device.

[0014] Further, it further includes an air and water hydrological component. The air and water hydrological component includes a frame body and a spray frame slidably connected to the frame body. An air flow dispersion plate is fixedly installed on the spray frame. A plurality of air flow holes are opened in the air flow dispersion plate, and the side of the air flow holes faces the slope component. The spray frame is connected with a water pipe, and the air flow dispersion plate is communicated with the second outlet pipe.

[0015] According to the above technical solution, the pulsed air flow of the second air outlet pipe is input into the air flow dispersion plate, and forms a directional wind speed field through the air holes evenly distributed on its surface, acting on the slope surface to simulate the air flow effect caused by wind load or collapse; at the same time, the water pipe conveys water to the spray frame, and forms controllable rainfall or seepage through the pores or independent nozzles on the dispersion plate to reproduce the weakening effect of hydrological conditions on soil strength; the spray frame slides along the frame body to adjust the coverage area and action angle of the air flow-water flow, so that the high-speed air flow ejected from the air holes and the sprayed water flow form a gas-liquid two-phase interaction on the slope surface, synchronously simulating the synergistic failure mechanism of "air flow disturbance-rainfall infiltration-soil softening" during an earthquake, and enhancing the coincidence degree between the test environment and the real disaster scenario.

[0016] Furthermore, it further includes a lifting assembly. The lifting assembly includes a lifting frame and a sliding plate slidably connected to the lifting frame, and a chute is provided on the sliding plate; Two sprockets are rotatably connected to the lifting frame, a chain is tensioned on the two sprockets, and a lifting claw is fixedly installed on the chain, and the lifting claw is slidably installed in the chute; A low conveyor is installed below the lifting frame, and a high conveyor is installed above the lifting frame. The lifting claw is used to convey the fallen rocks on the low conveyor to the high conveyor, and the high conveyor is used to convey the fallen rocks above the simulated soil layer.

[0017] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a motor, the output shaft of the motor is coaxially connected to the driving shaft, a driving disk is coaxially and fixedly installed at the end of the driving shaft, and a driving rod is eccentrically installed on the driving disk. The driving rod extends into the driving hole to drive the second movable seat to move; A driving gear is coaxially installed on the driving shaft, a driven shaft is rotatably connected to the table board, a driven gear and a driving bevel gear are installed on the driven shaft, and a tension belt is arranged between the driving gear and the driven gear; a driven bevel gear is coaxially installed on one of the sprockets, and the driving bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear.

[0018] According to the above technical solution, the output shaft of the motor drives the drive shaft and the drive disk fixedly installed coaxially to rotate. The drive rod eccentrically installed on the drive disk makes a circular motion in the drive hole during rotation, forcing the second movable seat to slide up and down reciprocally along the second guide rod, generating three-dimensional vibrations of the vibrating table. At the same time, the driving gear on the drive shaft drives the driven shaft to rotate through the tension belt drive. The driving bevel gear on the driven shaft meshes with the driven bevel gear at the end of the sprocket shaft, transmitting power to the sprocket of the lifting assembly, and driving the chain belt with lifting claws to complete the cyclic conveying of the falling stones. This integrated transmission system enables the movement of the vibrating table, the rotation of the eccentric block of the air flow assembly, and the operation of the falling stone lifting mechanism to be synchronously controlled by the same motor, ensuring the precise matching of the earthquake simulation, air flow disturbance, and falling stone impact in terms of time series and action intensity, and realizing the dynamic coordination of the multi-disaster coupling test conditions.

[0019] Further, water seepage tanks are arranged on both sides of the plate body. Isolation blocks are arranged in the water seepage tanks. The isolation blocks divide the water seepage tanks into a first water chamber and a second water chamber. The isolation blocks are provided with water leakage channels. The water leakage channels are communicated with the first water chamber and the second water chamber. Springs are arranged in the water leakage channels. Rubber balls are arranged at the tops of the springs. In the static state, the springs drive the rubber balls to block the water leakage channels. The second water chamber is provided with a liquid seepage port, and the liquid in the second water chamber can flow into the simulated soil layer through the liquid seepage port.

[0020] According to the above technical solution, in the static state, the spring tension pushes the rubber ball to tightly block the water leakage channel of the isolation block, blocking the water flow exchange between the first water chamber and the second water chamber. When the multi-degree-of-freedom vibrating table starts to generate earthquake simulation vibrations, the water seepage tank is forced by mechanical vibration impacts to compress the spring, and the rubber ball disengages from the opening of the water leakage channel. The water body in the first water chamber flows into the second water chamber through the channel and seeps into the interior of the simulated soil layer through the liquid seepage port, reducing the shear strength of the soil. After the vibration stops, the spring resets to close the channel again, realizing the dynamic correlation between the seepage flow rate and the vibration intensity, precisely reproducing the positive feedback mechanism of earthquake wave action - soil permeability change - slope stability attenuation, and enhancing the authenticity of the soil-water coupling effect in the test.

[0021] On the other hand, the present application also proposes a method for simulating soil engineering tests on high-steep embankment slopes. Using the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device as described above, it includes the following steps: Test initialization: Start the driving component, initialize the multi-degree-of-freedom vibrating table, the slope component, and the air flow component to the preset state, set the water pressure of the water seepage tank, and start the data acquisition system to record the initial reference data. Multi-disaster coupling loading: Drive the multi-degree-of-freedom vibrating table to simulate earthquake vibrations, trigger the slope vibration response, the vibration triggers the dynamic seepage of the water seepage tank, enabling the water body to seep into the simulated soil layer; drive the air flow component to generate a directional pulsed air flow acting on the slope surface, and control the lifting component to cyclically convey falling stones to impact the slope. Disaster data analysis: Collect and analyze vibration, displacement, seepage, airflow, and rockfall impact data, build a multi-physics field coupling model, and evaluate the evolution of slope stability.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention breaks through the limitations of the traditional fixed slope test mode through the linkage design of the slope component and the toggle part, realizes dynamic and continuous adjustment of the slope gradient, and accurately simulates the slope attenuation effect caused by the step-by-step collapse of the slope during an earthquake; combined with the three-dimensional vibration loading of the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table, the directional disturbance of the airflow component and the vibration-triggered seepage of the seepage box, the multi-hazard coupling scenario of "earthquake-slope change-airflow-seepage-rockfall impact" is synchronously reproduced. The test environment is highly consistent with the actual disaster process, which significantly improves the reliability of the slope instability evolution data and provides a more realistic test basis for engineering protection design.

[0023] The present invention integrates the vibration table movement, airflow disturbance, rockfall loading and slope adjustment into the same power source through the coordinated control of multiple systems with a single drive, ensuring the spatiotemporal synchronization of the effects of multiple disasters; the airflow component uses the mechanical linkage of the eccentric block to generate pulsed airflow, and the seepage box triggers dynamic seepage through vibration. Combined with the cyclic rockfall impact of the lifting component, the system reveals the chain disaster coordination mechanism of "vibration energy input, soil structure damage, seepage weakening, airflow disturbance, and rockfall impact" in earthquakes, providing key data support for the construction of a multi-factor dynamic model of slope disasters, and facilitating the optimization of disaster warning and protection strategies.

[0024] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present application will be described to some extent in the subsequent description, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained through the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The overall structure of the high and steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention (see Figure 1 ) Schematic diagram; Figure 2 The overall structure of the high and steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention (see Figure 2 ) Schematic diagram; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of a high and steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibrating element of the high and steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 5Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the drive shaft and the drive disc of the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 6 Front view schematic diagram of the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the slope component structure of the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 8 For the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention Figure 7 Partial structure schematic diagram; Figure 9 Partial slope component structure schematic diagram in the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure in the steep slope state of the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure in the gentle slope state of the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the air flow component structure in the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 13 Cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the air flow component in the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention (view Figure 1 ); Figure 14 Cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the air flow component in the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention (view Figure 2 ); Figure 15 For the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of part A; Figure 16 Overall structure schematic diagram of the lifting component in the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 17 Partial structure schematic diagram of the lifting component in the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 18 Cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the slope component in the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention; Figure 19 For the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device of the present invention Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the structure of part B.

[0026] Among them, the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table 1, the table 11, the vibrating member 12, the base 121, the first movable seat 122, the second movable seat 123, the driving hole 1231, the top plate 124, the support plate 125, the second guide rod 126, the first guide rod 127, the slope component 2, the mounting frame 21, the frame 211, the side plate 212, the frame unit 22, the hinge 221, the first connecting rod 2211, the second connecting rod 2212, the third connecting rod 2213, the control tube 2214, the toggle member 23, the piston cylinder 231, the piston ring 232, the piston cavity 233, the limiting column 234, the piston rod 235, the plate body 24, the simulated soil layer 25, the airflow component 3, the airflow box 31, the driving structure 32, the driving shaft 321, the first eccentric block 322, the second eccentric block 323, the first push rod 324, Second push rod 325, first air cylinder 33, first air inlet pipe 331, first air outlet pipe 332, second air cylinder 34, second air inlet pipe 341, second air outlet pipe 342, first piston column 35, second piston column 36, drive assembly 4, motor 41, drive plate 42, drive rod 43, driving gear 44, driven shaft 45, driven gear 46, driving bevel gear 47, driven bevel gear 48, frame 51, spray frame 52, air flow dispersion plate 53, air flow hole 54, water pipe 55, lifting assembly 6, lifting frame 61, slide plate 62, slide 63, sprocket 64, chain 65, lifting claw 66, low conveying platform 67, high conveying platform 68, seepage box 7, isolation block 71, first water chamber 72, second water chamber 73, water leakage channel 74, spring 75, rubber ball 76, seepage port 77. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the various details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and thus the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0029] It should be noted that in the prior art, in the stability test of high and steep embankment slopes, the shaking table with a fixed slope is mostly used to simulate the earthquake action, and the slope response is evaluated by presetting the seismic wave spectrum. However, the phenomenon of the dynamic change of the slope due to collapse in real earthquakes cannot be reproduced. The fixed slope test mode is difficult to reflect the feedback effect of slope attenuation on stability. Moreover, the existing devices generally lack the ability to simulate the coupling of multiple disasters and cannot integrate the synergistic effects of rockfall impact, vibration and air flow disturbance, resulting in a deviation between the test results and the real disaster process.

[0030] To solve the above problems, the inventor found that the fixed slope characteristic of the traditional test device limits the simulation of the dynamic collapse process, and the coupling effect of multiple physical fields is not effectively integrated. By analyzing the correlation between the gradual change of the slope in the earthquake and the coupling of multiple disasters, it is proposed that a structure with a dynamically adjustable slope needs to be constructed, and the synergistic effects of vibration, air flow and rockfall impact should be controlled synchronously. Combining the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table and the air flow disturbance system, the dynamic adjustment of the slope and the simulation of the coupling of multiple disasters are realized through the synchronous control of the driving component. The introduction of the data acquisition system forms a real-time feedback mechanism to provide a basis for parameter optimization.

[0031] This embodiment provides a geotechnical simulation test device for high and steep embankment slopes, as Figures 1 to 19 shown, which includes a multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table 1, a slope component 2, an air flow component 3 and a driving component 4. The slope component 2 is installed on the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table 1. The air flow component 3 is located on one side of the slope component 2. The driving component 4 is connected to the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table 1, the slope component 2 and the air flow component 3. The slope component 2 includes a mounting frame 21, two frame units 22, a toggling member 23 and a plurality of plate bodies 24 arranged between the two frame units 22. The surface of the plate body 24 is covered with a simulated soil layer 25. The driving component 4 is connected to the toggling member 23 and is used to drive the toggling member 23 to extend to change the slope of the slope component 2. The data acquisition system is used to monitor the collapse deformation of the simulated soil layer 25 in real time during the simulation process and collect the data information generated during the test process.

[0032] It should be noted that the horizontal and vertical inertial forces generated by the earthquake during vibration will weaken the shear strength of the slope soil, resulting in the formation and expansion of shear bands inside the slope body, and prompting the step-by-step collapse or sliding of the surface rock and soil mass of the slope. During the collapse process, the loose materials in the high-position steep slope section migrate and accumulate along the sliding surface towards the slope toe under the action of gravity, forming a new support body and covering the original slope surface. This process reduces the height of the slope top, expands the front edge of the slope toe, resulting in an increase in the overall slope length and a decrease in the slope height, and presenting a slope attenuation in terms of geometric shape. At the same time, the reorganization of soil particles and the change of pore water pressure caused by the vibration further exacerbate the dynamic adjustment of the slope shape, and finally a more stable gentle slope terrain is formed in the energy dissipation and the reconstruction of mechanical balance. This embodiment simulates the transformation of the slope from a steep state to a gentle state.

[0033] In this embodiment, the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table 1 is used to simulate seismic vibration loads and drive the slope assembly 2 installed on the shaking table with multiple degrees of freedom to generate dynamic responses. The driving assembly 4 controls the telescopic movement of the piston rod 235 of the toggling member 23 to push the articulated link system of the frame unit 22 to change its geometric shape, thereby dynamically adjusting the slope of the slope and reproducing the slope gradual change effect caused by earthquake collapse. At the same time, the air flow assembly 3 applies air flow disturbances to the slope surface to simulate wind loads or gas-solid coupling effects in the real environment. The simulated soil layer 25 covering the surface of the plate body 24 collapses and deforms under the dual actions of vibration and slope change, reproducing the progressive failure process in a real earthquake. The data acquisition system is used to monitor the deformation data of the simulated soil layer 25 in real time during the vibration process, forming a multi-physical field coupling test scenario of "vibration - slope change - air flow disturbance" during the dynamic instability process of the slope, providing high-fidelity test data for analyzing the slope disaster mechanism.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 7 shown, the mounting frame 21 includes a frame 211 and two side plates 212 fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame 211. The bottoms of the two side plates 212 are connected to the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table 1. As Figures 7 to 11 shown, the frame unit 22 includes a plurality of interconnected articulated members 221. The articulated member 221 includes a first connecting rod 2211 and a second connecting rod 2212. The first connecting rod 2211 and the second connecting rod 2212 are cross-hinged. The two ends of the first connecting rod 2211 are respectively hinged to the ends of two adjacent second connecting rods 2212, and the two ends of the second connecting rod 2212 are respectively hinged to the ends of two adjacent first connecting rods 2211. The free end of one of the second connecting rods 2212 (such as Figure 9 in the figure, the top of the leftmost second connecting rod 2212) is hinged to the frame 211, and the free end of the first connecting rod 2211 ( Figure 9 the left end of the leftmost first connecting rod 2211 in the figure) is hinged with a third connecting rod 2213, and the top of the third connecting rod 2213 is hinged to the frame 211.

[0035] According to the above technical solution, the mounting frame 21 is rigidly connected to the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table 1 through the two side plates 212, transmitting vibration energy to the slope component 2; the articulated frame unit 22 is composed of a cross-hinged first link 2211 and a second link 2212 to form a deformable grid structure. When the driving component 4 pushes the toggle member 23 (such as the piston rod 235) to extend or retract, the first link 2211 is driven by the thrust to drive the adjacent second link 2212 to rotate around the hinge point of the frame 211. At the same time, the third link 2213 constrains the motion trajectory of the free end of the first link 2211, causing the entire frame unit 22 to produce linked deformation. The cross angle of the links changes synchronously with the stroke of the toggle member 23, driving the dynamic adjustment of the overall inclination angle of the cover plate 24, thereby controlling the slope gradient attenuation process while vibrating; when the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table 1 simulates earthquake vibration, the geometric reconstruction of the articulated frame 211 and the simulated collapse of the soil layer 25 form a two-way feedback, realizing the real-time coupling of the slope gradient change and the vibration load. Compared with the existing technology, the traditional device adopts a fixed slope gradient and a single vibration input mode, which cannot reflect the impact of dynamic slope attenuation on stability and lacks the ability to simulate the coupling of multiple disaster types. This embodiment realizes the continuous change of slope gradient through an adjustable hinged structure, and combines the coordinated control of vibration and slope change to realize the dynamic adjustment of slope and the coupling of multiple physical fields such as seismic disturbance.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 9 As shown, the toggle member 23 includes a piston cylinder 231, a piston ring 232 sealed and slidably connected to the piston cylinder 231, a piston cavity 233 is formed in the piston cylinder 231, a limiting column 234 is provided in the piston cavity 233, a piston rod 235 is fixedly connected to the piston ring 232, and the end of the piston rod 235 extends out of the piston cylinder 231 and is hinged to the first connecting rod 2211; when the driving component 4 injects gas into the piston cavity 233, the piston ring 232 slides along the inner wall of the piston cylinder 231 under pressure, driving the piston rod 235 to extend outward, pushing the first connecting rod 2211 hinged to it to rotate around the hinge point of the frame 211, and the state of the slope changes from a steep state (corresponding to Figure 10 ) changes to a flat state (corresponding to Figure 11 The purpose of the limit column 234 is to constrain the minimum stroke of the piston ring 232 to ensure that the initial state of the slope is controllable.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown in the figure, the multi-degree-of-freedom shaking table 1 includes a table board 11 and two vibrating members 12, and the two vibrating members 12 are installed at the bottom of the table board 11; the vibrating member 12 includes a base 121, a first movable seat 122, a second movable seat 123 and a top plate 124. Two support plates 125 are symmetrically arranged on the base 121. First guide rods 127 are arranged on both sides of the first movable seat 122. The first guide rods 127 penetrate through the corresponding support plates 125 and are slidably connected to the support plates 125; second guide rods 126 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged inside the first movable seat 122. The second movable seat 123 is slidably installed on the second guide rods 126, and the top of the second movable seat 123 is connected to the top plate 124, as Figure 4 shown, the first movable seat 122 and the first guide rods 127 can move left and right on the two support plates 125, and the second movable seat 123 can move up and down along the second guide rods 126; a driving hole 1231 is opened at the central position of the second movable seat 123, and the driving assembly 4 extends into the driving hole 1231 to drive the top plate 124 and the table board 11 to move.

[0038] In this embodiment, the driving assembly 4 converts the rotational motion into an eccentric reciprocating force through the driving rod 43 extending into the driving hole 1231 of the second movable seat 123, forcing the second movable seat 123 to slide vertically along the second guide rods 126, driving the top plate 124 and the table board 11 to generate vertical vibration; at the same time, the first movable seat 122 allows the table board 11 to have a lateral displacement in the horizontal plane through the sliding fit of the first guide rods 127 on both sides with the support plates 125; the combined motion of the second movable seat 123 and the first movable seat 122 forms a multi-directional displacement coupling. When the driving assembly 4 continuously applies a periodic eccentric driving force, it drives the table board 11 to simulate three-dimensional vibrations of the seismic wave spectrum characteristics, and transmits the vibration energy to the slope assembly 2 through the two side plates 212, reproducing the mechanical environment of the slope under multi-dimensional dynamic loads in a real earthquake. Compared with the prior art, traditional shaking tables usually adopt single-axis or two-axis vibration mechanisms (such as vibrators), which can only achieve linear vibration in a single direction or plane, and it is difficult to simulate the complex spectrum characteristics of seismic waves in three-dimensional space. However, in this solution, by setting a multi-stage linkage structure of the first movable seat 122 and the second movable seat 123, the rotational motion of the driving rod 43 is decomposed into horizontal and vertical components, realizing multi-degree-of-freedom coupling motion of the shaking table in three-dimensional space, enabling the slope test to more realistically reflect the dynamic damage process of the slope structure by seismic waves, solving the problem of deviation in the slope failure mode caused by insufficient vibration degrees of freedom of traditional test devices, and providing more accurate test data for slope seismic performance evaluation.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment, as Figures 12 to 14As shown, the air flow assembly 3 includes an air flow box 31 and a driving structure 32 disposed within the air flow box 31. A first air cylinder 33 and a second air cylinder 34 are mounted on the air flow box 31. A first piston rod 35 is sealingly and slidably connected within the first air cylinder 33. A first intake pipe 331 and a first outlet pipe 332 communicate with the first air cylinder 33. A first one-way valve is provided within the first intake pipe 331, and a second one-way valve is provided within the first outlet pipe 332. The free end of the first outlet pipe 332 communicates with the piston chamber 233. A second piston rod 36 is sealingly and slidably connected within the second air cylinder 34. The second piston rod 36 communicates with a second intake pipe 341 and a second outlet pipe 342. A third one-way valve is provided within the second intake pipe 341, and a fourth one-way valve is provided within the second outlet pipe 342. The second outlet pipe 342 is connected to the air flow and hydrological component.

[0040] The driving structure 32 includes a drive shaft 321 rotatably mounted on the air flow box 31. The drive shaft 321 completely penetrates through both ends of the air flow box 31. A first eccentric block 322 and a second eccentric block 323 are eccentrically mounted on the drive shaft 321. A first push rod 324 is movably connected to the first eccentric block 322. The free end of the first push rod 324 (such as Figure 14 , the top end of the first push rod 324) is hinged to the first piston rod 35. A second push rod 325 is movably connected to the second eccentric block 323. The free end of the second push rod 325 (such as Figure 14 , the left end of the second push rod 325) is hinged to the second piston rod 36.

[0041] It should be noted that the first one-way valve, the second one-way valve, the third one-way valve, and the fourth one-way valve are all existing components, and the specific structures will not be elaborated further.

[0042] In this embodiment, when the drive shaft 321 rotates, the first eccentric block 322 and the second eccentric block 323 rotate with the drive shaft 321, and respectively push the first piston rod 35 and the second piston rod 36 to reciprocate within the corresponding air cylinders through the first push rod 324 and the second push rod 325. When the first piston rod 35 is pulled down, the first one-way valve of the first intake pipe 331 opens to inhale air, while the second one-way valve of the first outlet pipe 332 closes. When the first piston rod 35 is pushed up, the first intake pipe 331 closes, and compressed air is injected into the piston chamber 233 of the toggling member 23 through the first outlet pipe 332 to assist in slope adjustment. The second piston rod 36 reciprocates synchronously. Similarly, air is inhaled through the second intake pipe 341 and discharged from the second outlet pipe 342 through the fourth one-way valve to form a pulsed air flow, which acts on the air flow and hydrological component. The periodic rotation of the eccentric blocks causes the two air cylinders to alternately generate high-pressure air flows, and cooperate with the one-way valve group to achieve the directional transportation of air flows. At the same time, the power of the vibration table drive shaft 321 is utilized to realize the synchronous control of air flow disturbance and earthquake simulation, without the need for an additional energy supply device.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the piston chamber 233 is also connected to a control pipe 2214, which is used to connect a negative pressure machine or a booster pump, and is used to reduce the speed of the piston ring 232 or accelerate the sliding speed of the piston ring 232 in the piston cylinder 231, so as to control the change of the slope gradient.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, traditional test devices usually adopt a single-direction air flow generator or an air pump with a fixed frequency, and cannot simulate the dynamic changes of the coupling of air flow disturbance and vibration during an earthquake. Through the structure of driving two air flow cylinders (the first air flow cylinder 33 and the second air flow cylinder 34) by two eccentric blocks, this solution can synchronously generate a phase-difference air flow output under a single driving source, and can reproduce the synergistic effect of seismic waves and air flow disturbance. Not only by connecting the first air outlet pipe 332 to the piston chamber 233, the air flow disturbance directly participates in the dynamic adjustment process of the slope gradient to realize the dynamic adjustment of the gradient, but also by connecting the air flow and hydrological components, the air flow disturbance is coupled to the slope surface, realizing the multi-coupling research of vibration, slope adjustment and air flow disturbance.

[0045] As a preferred implementation, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the air flow and hydrological components include a frame body 51 and a spray frame 52 slidably connected to the frame body 51. The slidably connected spray frame 52 refers to a load-bearing component that can move horizontally along the frame body 51, and can be specifically realized by a mechanical structure of a slider and a guide rail; the spray frame 52 is connected to a water pipe 55. The spray frame 52 is an existing structure. When the water flow in the water pipe 55 enters the spray frame 52, the water flow can be atomized and sprayed downward through the spray frame 52 to simulate the rainfall state; a gas flow dispersion plate 53 is fixedly installed on one side of the spray frame 52, and a number of gas flow holes 54 are opened on the gas flow dispersion plate 53. The gas flow holes 54 face the side of the slope component 2 (that is, Figure 3 in the figure, the left side of the gas flow dispersion plate 53), and the gas flow dispersion plate 53 is communicated with the second air outlet pipe 342.

[0046] In this embodiment, the pulsed air flow of the second air outlet pipe 342 is input into the gas flow dispersion plate 53, and forms a directional wind speed field acting on the slope surface through the gas flow holes 54 uniformly distributed on its surface to simulate the air flow effect caused by wind load or collapse; at the same time, the water pipe 55 conveys water to the spray frame 52, and forms controllable rainfall or seepage through the pores or independent nozzles on the dispersion plate to reproduce the weakening effect of hydrological conditions on soil strength, and simulate the synergistic failure mechanism of "air flow disturbance - rainfall infiltration - soil softening" during an earthquake, enhancing the coincidence degree between the test environment and the real disaster scenario.

[0047] As a preferred implementation, as Figure 16 and Figure 17As shown, it further includes a lifting component 6. The lifting component 6 includes a lifting frame 61 and a sliding plate 62 slidably connected to the lifting frame 61. A chute 63 is formed on the sliding plate 62. Two sprockets 64 are rotatably connected to the lifting frame 61. A chain 65 is tensioned on the two sprockets 64. A lifting claw 66 is fixedly installed on the chain 65. The lifting claw 66 is slidably installed in the chute 63. A low conveyor table 67 is installed below the lifting frame 61. A conveyor belt is further arranged on the left side of the low conveyor table 67. Stones are conveyed to the low conveyor table 67 through the conveyor belt. A high conveyor table 68 is installed above the lifting frame 61. The lifting claw 66 is used to convey the fallen stones on the low conveyor table 67 to the high conveyor table 68. The high conveyor table 68 is used to convey the fallen stones above the simulated soil layer 25.

[0048] In this embodiment, when the driving sprocket 64 rotates, the chain 65 drives the lifting claw 66 to move. When the lifting claw 66 descends to the position of the low conveyor table 67, it drives the fallen stones and rises with the chain 65. After reaching the top, the lifting claw 66 docks with the high conveyor table 68 and releases the fallen stones. The fallen stones slide down to above the slope simulated soil layer 25 along the guide of the high conveyor table 68, simulating the impact load generated by natural collapse, and reproducing the continuous impact effect of fallen stones caused by the gradual collapse of the slope during an earthquake.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 15 shown, the driving component 4 includes a motor 41. The output shaft of the motor 41 is coaxially connected to the driving shaft 321. A driving disc 42 is coaxially and fixedly installed at the end of the driving shaft 321. An eccentric driving rod 43 is installed on the driving disc 42. The driving rod 43 extends into the driving hole 1231 to drive the second movable seat 123 to move. A driving gear 44 is coaxially installed on the driving shaft 321. A driven shaft 45 is rotatably connected to the table board 11. A driven gear 46 and a driving bevel gear 47 are installed on the driven shaft 45. A tension belt is arranged between the driving gear 44 and the driven gear 46. A driven bevel gear 48 is coaxially installed on one of the sprockets 64. The driving bevel gear 47 meshes with the driven bevel gear 48.

[0050] In this embodiment, the output shaft of the motor 41 drives the drive shaft 321 and the coaxially fixed drive disk 42 to rotate. The drive rod 43 eccentrically mounted on the drive disk 42 makes a circular motion in the drive hole 1231 during rotation, forcing the second movable seat 123 to slide up and down reciprocally along the second guide rod 126, generating multi-degree-of-freedom vibrations of the vibration table. At the same time, the driving gear 44 on the drive shaft 321 drives the driven shaft 45 to rotate through a tension belt drive. The driving bevel gear 47 of the driven shaft 45 meshes with the driven bevel gear 48 at the shaft end of the sprocket 64, transmitting power to the sprocket 64 of the lifting assembly 6, and driving the chain 65 to drive the lifting claw 66 to complete the cyclic conveying of the falling stones. This integrated transmission system enables the motion of the vibration table, the rotation of the eccentric block of the air flow assembly 3, and the operation of the falling stone lifting mechanism to be synchronously controlled by the same motor 41, ensuring the precise matching of the earthquake simulation, air flow disturbance, and falling stone impact in terms of time series and action intensity, and realizing the dynamic coordination of the multi-disaster coupling test conditions. Compared with the prior art, traditional test devices use independent motors 41 to drive the vibration table, slope adjustment mechanism, and falling stone loading system respectively, which have problems such as complex timing control, poor power coordination, time delay, etc., and it is difficult to synchronize the falling stone impact with the vibration. This solution realizes the linkage of multiple systems through a single driving source, and utilizes the mechanical coupling characteristics of the gear train and bevel gear set to form a fixed phase relationship between the vibration excitation, slope adjustment, and falling stone loading, ensuring the spatio-temporal consistency of the multi-physical field effects.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment, water seepage tanks 7 are provided on both sides of the plate body 24. Isolation blocks 71 are provided in the water seepage tanks 7. The isolation blocks 71 divide the water seepage tanks 7 into a first water chamber 72 and a second water chamber 73. The isolation blocks 71 are provided with water leakage channels 74, and the water leakage channels 74 are communicated with the first water chamber 72 and the second water chamber 73. Springs 75 are provided in the water leakage channels 74, and rubber balls 76 are provided at the tops of the springs 75. In the static state, the springs 75 drive the rubber balls 76 to block the water leakage channels 74. The second water chamber 73 is provided with a liquid seepage port 77, and the liquid in the second water chamber 73 can flow into the simulated soil layer 25 through the liquid seepage port 77.

[0052] In this embodiment, in the static state, the spring force of the spring 75 pushes the rubber ball 76 tightly to block the water leakage channel 74 of the isolation block 71, blocking the water flow exchange between the first water chamber 72 and the second water chamber 73. When the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table 1 starts to generate earthquake simulation vibrations, the water seepage tank 7 is forced by mechanical vibration shocks to compress the spring 75, and the rubber ball 76 disengages from the opening of the water leakage channel 74. The water in the first water chamber 72 flows into the second water chamber 73 through the channel and seeps into the interior of the simulated soil layer 25 through the liquid seepage port 77, reducing the shear strength of the soil. After the vibration stops, the spring 75 resets to close the channel again, realizing the dynamic correlation between the seepage flow rate and the vibration intensity, reproducing the mechanism of earthquake action - soil permeability change - slope stability attenuation, and enhancing the authenticity of the water-soil coupling effect in the test.

[0053] It should be noted that earthquake vibrations can cause a sudden increase in pore water pressure inside the slope soil mass, resulting in a decrease in effective stress. At the same time, the vibration energy destroys the soil structure and increases the permeability, forming a transient seepage field. The seepage water tank 7 is designed with a spring 75-rubber ball 76 valve triggered by vibration. When it is stationary, the seepage is blocked to maintain the initial strength of the soil mass. After the earthquake simulation is started, the vibration forces the valve to open, allowing the water body to dynamically infiltrate the soil according to the vibration intensity, accurately reproducing the soil softening process under the synergistic action of vibration and seepage.

[0054] The data acquisition system of this application includes: a high-speed camera installed on the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table 1 for frame-by-frame recording of the experimental device; a wireless acceleration sensor installed on the plate body 24 for obtaining the vibration acceleration signal of the slope component 2; a laser displacement sensor for obtaining the horizontal and vertical settlement deformations of the slope component 2 during the test; a computer controller. The high-speed camera, wireless acceleration sensor, and laser displacement sensor are all connected to the computer controller. The computer controller is used to control the opening and closing of the high-speed camera, wireless acceleration sensor, positioning module, and laser displacement sensor and data intercommunication; it also includes a data memory for storing the data of the computer controller.

[0055] On the other hand, this application also proposes a method for simulating the engineering of high-steep embankment slope soil. Using the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device as described above, it includes the following steps: Test initialization: Start the drive assembly 4, initialize the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table 1, slope component 2, and air flow component 3 to the preset state, set the water pressure of the seepage water tank 7, and start the data acquisition system to record the initial reference data; Start the drive assembly 4 (motor 41), link the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table 1, air flow component 3, and lifting component 6 through the drive shaft 321, and reset to the initial position; adjust the initial stroke of the piston rod 235 of the toggle 23 to make the articulated frame unit 22 at the preset steep slope (such as 60°-75°); Lay the simulated soil layer 25 on the surface of the plate body 24 in layers, control the soil density, moisture content, and particle size distribution to reproduce the physical characteristics of the actual engineering slope; Inject the preset amount of water into the first water chamber 72 of the seepage water tank 7 to ensure that the spring 75-rubber ball 76 valve is in the closed state and block the seepage channel.

[0056] Calibrate the spatial coordinates of the high-speed camera, laser displacement sensor, and wireless acceleration sensor to ensure that the monitoring range covers the entire surface of the slope; set the sampling frequency (such as 1000Hz) and storage parameters of the data acquisition system, and establish a reference model of the initial geometric shape of the slope (including slope height, slope length, and surface coordinates); preset the seismic wave spectrum, vibration duration, and acceleration amplitude in the computer controller.

[0057] Multi-hazard coupled loading: The multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table 1 is driven to simulate earthquake vibration, inducing a vibration response of the slope. The vibration triggers dynamic seepage in the seepage box 7, causing water to infiltrate the simulated soil layer 25. The airflow component 3 is driven to generate a directional pulsed airflow acting on the slope surface, and the lifting component 6 is controlled to cyclically transport fallen rocks to impact the slope. The driving assembly 4 starts the motor 41, and the driving shaft 321 drives the driving disk 42 and the eccentric driving rod 43 to rotate, forcing the second movable seat 123 to vibrate vertically along the second guide rod 126 through the driving hole 1231. At the same time, the first movable seat 122 slides horizontally along the first guide rod 127, generating three-dimensional seismic waves; the seismic wave energy is transmitted to the slope assembly 2 through the two side plates 212, triggering the shear deformation and inertial force response of the simulated soil layer 25.

[0058] Seepage-vibration coordinated triggering: After the vibration table is started, the seepage box 7 is subjected to mechanical vibration impact, the spring 75 is compressed, and the rubber ball 76 is separated from the leakage channel 74. The water in the first water chamber 72 flows into the second water chamber 73 through the channel; the water in the second water chamber 73 penetrates into the simulated soil layer 25 through the seepage port 77, reducing the shear strength of the soil and simulating the sudden increase in pore water pressure during an earthquake.

[0059] Air flow disturbance loading: The drive shaft 321 synchronously drives the first eccentric block 322 and the second eccentric block 323 of the air flow component 3 to rotate, and drives the first piston column 35 and the second piston column 36 to reciprocate in the air flow cylinder through the first push rod 324 and the second push rod 325; the compressed air of the first air flow cylinder 33 is injected into the piston chamber 233 of the toggle member 23 through the first air outlet pipe 332, assisting the piston rod 235 to extend and retract to adjust the slope; the second air flow cylinder 34 generates a pulsed airflow, which is transported to the air flow dispersion plate 53 through the second air outlet pipe 342, and forms a wind speed load through the air flow hole 54 to simulate the air turbulence caused by collapse.

[0060] Rockfall impact loading: The drive shaft 321 drives the sprocket 64 to rotate through the driving gear 44, the tensioning belt and the bevel gear set, and the chain 65 lifts the claw 66 to circulate along the track of the slide 63; the lifting claw 66 grabs the falling rock (simulating the collapsed block) on the low conveyor platform 67, lifts it vertically to the high conveyor platform 68 and then releases it. The falling rock impacts the surface of the simulated soil layer 25, reproducing the collapse impact kinetic energy transfer process.

[0061] Disaster data analysis: Collect and analyze vibration, displacement, seepage, airflow, and rockfall impact data, build a multi-physics field coupling model, and evaluate the evolution of slope stability.

[0062] Multi-source data synchronous acquisition: Vibration data: The acceleration time history curve and spectrum characteristics of the vibration table are recorded through wireless acceleration sensors; Deformed data: The laser displacement sensor measures the surface displacement field of the high-steep embankment slope in real time, and the high-speed camera captures the crack propagation pattern and collapse range of the soil mass. Researchers analyze and process the data through computer software to study the slip characteristics, vibration response, seepage effect, and airflow disturbance characteristics of the slope under earthquake action, analyze the influence of the multi-physical field coupling effect on the stability of the high-steep embankment slope, summarize the failure mechanism of the high-steep embankment slope under earthquake action, and provide a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation.

[0063] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments given to fully illustrate the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or transformations made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A geotechnical simulation test device for a high and steep embankment slope, characterized in that Including: A multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table (1), a slope component (2), an air flow component (3) and a driving component (4), wherein the slope component (2) is installed on the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table (1), the air flow component (3) is located on one side of the slope component (2), and the driving component (4) is connected to the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table (1), the slope component (2) and the air flow component (3); The slope component (2) includes a mounting frame (21), two frame units (22), a toggling member (23) and a plurality of plate bodies (24) arranged between the two frame units (22), a simulated soil layer (25) is covered on the surface of the plate body (24), and the driving component (4) is connected to the toggling member (23) for driving the toggling member (23) to extend to change the slope of the slope component (2); A data acquisition system for real-time monitoring of the collapse deformation of the simulated soil layer (25) during the simulation process and collecting the data information generated during the test.

2. The high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame (21) includes a frame (211) and two side plates (212) fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame (211), and the bottoms of the two side plates (212) are connected to the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table (1); The frame unit (22) includes a plurality of interconnected hinge members (221), the hinge member (221) includes a first connecting rod (2211) and a second connecting rod (2212), the first connecting rod (2211) and the second connecting rod (2212) are cross-hinged, two ends of the first connecting rod (2211) are respectively hinged to the ends of two adjacent second connecting rods (2212), and two ends of the second connecting rod (2212) are respectively hinged to the ends of two adjacent first connecting rods (2211); The free end of the second connecting rod (2212) is hinged to the frame (211), and a third connecting rod (2213) is hinged to the free end of the first connecting rod (2211), and the third connecting rod (2213) is hinged to the frame (211).

3. The high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device according to claim 2, wherein: The toggling member (23) includes a piston cylinder (231), a piston ring (232) slidably and sealingly connected in the piston cylinder (231), a piston chamber (233) is formed in the piston cylinder (231), a limiting column (234) is arranged in the piston chamber (233), a piston rod (235) is fixedly connected to the piston ring (232), and the end of the piston rod (235) extends out of the piston cylinder (231) and is hinged to the first connecting rod (2211).

4. The high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table (1) includes a table board (11) and two vibrating members (12), and the two vibrating members (12) are installed at the bottom of the table board (11); The vibrating member (12) includes a base (121), a first movable seat (122), a second movable seat (123), and a top plate (124). Two support plates (125) are symmetrically arranged on the base (121). First guide rods (127) are arranged on both sides of the first movable seat (122). The first guide rods (127) penetrate through the corresponding support plates (125) and are slidably connected to the support plates (125). Second guide rods (126) are symmetrically and fixedly arranged inside the first movable seat (122). The second movable seat (123) is slidably mounted on the second guide rods (126). The top of the second movable seat (123) is connected to the top plate (124). A drive hole (1231) is formed at the central position of the second movable seat (123). The drive assembly (4) extends into the drive hole (1231) to drive the top plate (124) and the table plate (11) to move.

5. The high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air flow assembly (3) includes an air flow box (31) and a drive structure (32) arranged inside the air flow box (31). A first air cylinder (33) and a second air cylinder (34) are mounted on the air flow box (31). A first piston rod (35) is hermetically and slidably connected inside the first air cylinder (33). A first intake pipe (331) and a first exhaust pipe (332) are communicated with the first air cylinder (33). A first one-way valve is arranged inside the first intake pipe (331). A second one-way valve is arranged inside the first exhaust pipe (332). The free end of the first exhaust pipe (332) is communicated with the piston chamber (233). A second piston rod (36) is hermetically and slidably connected inside the second air cylinder (34). The second piston rod (36) is communicated with a second intake pipe (341) and a second exhaust pipe (342). A third one-way valve is arranged inside the second intake pipe (341). A fourth one-way valve is arranged inside the second exhaust pipe (342). The drive structure (32) includes a drive shaft (321) rotatably mounted on the air flow box (31). Both ends of the drive shaft (321) completely penetrate through the air flow box (31). A first eccentric block (322) and a second eccentric block (323) are eccentrically mounted on the drive shaft (321). A first push rod (324) is movably connected to the first eccentric block (322). The free end of the first push rod (324) is movably connected to the first piston rod (35). A second push rod (325) is movably connected to the second eccentric block (323). The free end of the second push rod (325) is movably connected to the second piston rod (36).

6. The high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: It further includes an air and water hydrological component (5), and the air and water hydrological component (5) includes a frame body (51) and a spraying frame (52) slidably connected to the frame body (51). An air flow dispersion plate (53) is fixedly installed on the spraying frame (52). A plurality of air flow holes (54) are formed in the air flow dispersion plate (53), and the air flow holes (54) face the side of the slope component (2). The spraying frame (52) is connected to a water pipe (55), and the air flow dispersion plate (53) is communicated with the second air outlet pipe (342).

7. The high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: It further includes a lifting component (6), and the lifting component (6) includes a lifting frame (61) and a sliding plate (62) slidably connected to the lifting frame (61). A chute (63) is formed in the sliding plate (62); Two sprockets (64) are rotatably connected to the lifting frame (61), and a chain (65) is tensioned on the two sprockets (64). A lifting claw (66) is fixedly installed on the chain (65), and the lifting claw (66) is slidably installed in the chute (63); A low conveyor (67) is installed below the lifting frame (61), and a high conveyor (68) is installed above the lifting frame (61). The lifting claw (66) is used to convey the falling stones on the low conveyor (67) to the high conveyor (68), and the high conveyor (68) is used to convey the falling stones above the simulated soil layer (25).

8. The high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The driving component (4) includes a motor (41). The output shaft of the motor (41) is coaxially connected to the driving shaft (321). A driving disc (42) is coaxially and fixedly installed at the end of the driving shaft (321). A driving rod (43) is eccentrically installed on the driving disc (42), and the driving rod (43) extends into the driving hole (1231) to drive the second movable seat (123) to move; A driving gear (44) is coaxially installed on the driving shaft (321). A driven shaft (45) is rotatably connected to the table board (11). A driven gear (46) and a driving bevel gear (47) are installed on the driven shaft (45). A tension belt is arranged between the driving gear (44) and the driven gear (46). A driven bevel gear (48) is coaxially installed on one of the sprockets (64), and the driving bevel gear (47) meshes with the driven bevel gear (48).

9. The high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: On both sides of the plate body (24), there are water seepage tanks (7). Inside each water seepage tank (7), there is a partition block (71). The partition block (71) divides the water seepage tank (7) into a first water chamber (72) and a second water chamber (73). The partition block (71) is provided with a water leakage channel (74). The water leakage channel (74) is communicated with the first water chamber (72) and the second water chamber (73). A spring (75) is arranged inside the water leakage channel (74). At the top of the spring (75), there is a rubber ball (76). In the static state, the spring (75) drives the rubber ball (76) to block the water leakage channel (74). The second water chamber (73) is provided with a liquid seepage port (77). The liquid in the second water chamber (73) can flow into the simulated soil layer (25) through the liquid seepage port (77).

10. A method for simulating soil engineering tests on high and steep embankment slopes, characterized in that: Using the high-steep embankment slope soil engineering simulation test device described in any one of claims 1-9, the method includes the following steps: Test initialization: Start the driving component (4), initialize the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table (1), the slope component (2) and the air flow component (3) to the preset state, set the water pressure of the water seepage tank (7), and start the data acquisition system to record the initial reference data; Coupled multi-disaster loading: Drive the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration table (1) to simulate earthquake vibration, trigger the slope vibration response, and the vibration triggers the dynamic seepage of the water seepage tank (7), so that the water body seeps into the simulated soil layer (25); Drive the air flow component (3) to generate a directional pulse air flow acting on the slope surface, and control the lifting component (6) to cyclically transport falling rocks to impact the slope; Disaster data analysis: Collect and analyze the vibration, displacement, seepage, air flow and falling rock impact data, construct a multi-physical field coupling model, and evaluate the evolution law of slope stability.

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