Tuber crop and onion integrated combine harvester

Abstract

The invention provides an integrated combine harvester for tuber crops and onions. The integrated combine harvester comprises a compacting and seedling killing device, a digging and pulling device, a ground breaking and seedling picking device and a packaging device, the compacting and seedling killing device is used for completing preparation work before tuber digging and onion pulling operation, not only can compact soil ridges of tuber crops, but also can cut off seedlings of onions; the digging and pulling device 2 is used for digging tuber crops or onions from soil; the soil breaking and seedling picking device 3 is used for removing impurities difficult to separate in harvested mixtures in the conveying process, the packaging device 4 is installed at the tail of the machine body frame 5 and used for collecting separated tuber crops or onions, packaging the tuber crops or onions and then unloading the tuber crops or onions to the field, and shutdown unloading is avoided while skin breaking damage is reduced. High-efficiency and high-performance harvesting of tuber crops and onions is achieved, meanwhile, the labor cost during harvesting is remarkably reduced, and the economic benefits of farmers for planting tuber crops and onions are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to an integrated combine harvester for tuber crops and onions. Background Art

[0002] Tuber crops occupy an important position in China's agricultural production, and the planting scale of tuber crops is constantly expanding. Tuber crops represented by potatoes can be used as vegetables and also as food, and can be used for the production of snack foods and as industrial raw materials.

[0003] China is one of the countries with the largest onion production in the world. Onions are planted throughout the country in China, with continuous supply throughout the year, and are exported in large quantities to Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Russia and other places. Therefore, onions have high economic value and farmers have strong planting enthusiasm.

[0004] The key link restricting the production of tuber crops and onions in China is mechanized harvesting. At present, the mechanization level of the harvesting links of potatoes and onions in China is relatively low. The utilization rate of traditional excavation-type harvesting devices is as high as 90%, but the operating performance indicators of such models are poor, and a large amount of labor is required to pick up and transport manually for a second time. Therefore, the operating efficiency is low and the cost is high. The combined harvesting method has high efficiency, good operating quality, less labor input, and significant cost-saving and efficiency-increasing effects, which is the mainstream development direction of the harvesting of tuber crops and onions. At present, it is urgent to break through the integrated combined harvesting technology of tuber crops and onions, and develop a combined harvesting equipment for tuber crops and onions with good operating performance, high efficiency and low labor cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides an integrated combine harvester for tuber crops and onions, which realizes the high-efficiency and high-performance harvesting of tuber crops and onions, and at the same time significantly reduces the labor cost during harvesting, and improves the economic benefits of farmers growing tuber crops and onions.

[0006] Note that the recording of these objects does not prevent the existence of other objects. One embodiment of the present invention does not need to achieve all the above objects. Other objects than the above objects can be extracted from the descriptions of the specification, drawings and claims.

[0007] The present invention achieves the above technical objects by the following technical means.

[0008] An integrated combined harvester for tuber crops and onions, comprising a compaction and vine-killing device; the compaction and vine-killing device includes a push-pull type housing, two semi-cone column cutters, a first hanging arm and a first width adjustment arm; the push-pull type housing is installed above the semi-cone column cutters, the two semi-cone column cutters are arranged opposite and coaxially, the two semi-cone column cutters can be axially fitted, when the two semi-cone column cutters are completely axially fitted, it is in a combined state, and when the two semi-cone column cutters are not completely fitted, it is in a separated state; one end of the first hanging arm is connected to the shaft of one side semi-cone column cutter, and the other end is hung on the body frame; one end of the first width adjustment arm is connected to the shaft of the other side semi-cone column cutter, and the other end is hinged to the body frame, and the first width adjustment arm can rotate around the hinge point as the fitting degree of the two semi-cone column cutters changes, thereby changing the working width of the semi-cone column cutters.

[0009] In the above solution, the push-pull type housing includes a fixed housing and a sliding housing; the fixed housing and the sliding housing partially overlap, a fixed slide rail is provided at the edge of the fixed housing, and a moving slide rail is provided at the edge of the sliding housing; the moving slide rail can move in the fixed slide rail to adjust the overlapping degree of the fixed housing and the sliding housing.

[0010] Further, it also includes a first width adjustment hydraulic device and a third width adjustment hydraulic device; one end of the first width adjustment hydraulic device is connected to the fixed housing, and the other end is connected to the sliding housing, and is used to drive the moving slide rail to move in the fixed slide rail to adjust the overlapping degree of the fixed housing and the sliding housing; one end of the third width adjustment hydraulic device is hinged to the body frame, and the other end is hinged to the first width adjustment arm, and is used to drive the first width adjustment arm to rotate around the hinge point to adjust the fitting degree of the two semi-cone column cutters.

[0011] In the above solution, the semi-cone column cutter includes a cutter shaft, a cone section and a cutter cylinder; the cone section and the cutter cylinder are coaxially sleeved on the cutter shaft, the narrowing end of the cone section is connected to one end of the cutter cylinder, and a plurality of blades are machined at equal intervals in a circumferential array around the axis of the cutter cylinder at the other end of the cutter cylinder; the blades of the two cutter cylinders can be axially fitted, and when fitted, they overlap and are staggered with each other.

[0012] Further, a support spoke is connected to the inner ring of the cutter cylinder; the cone section, the cutter cylinder and the support spoke are all coaxially sleeved on the cutter shaft; the cutter shaft is a spline shaft, and a spline hole is opened at the center of the support spoke, and the cutter shaft drives the support spoke to rotate, and the support spoke then drives the cone section and the cutter cylinder body to rotate.

[0013] In the above solution, the first width adjustment arm is a rail nested telescopic structure, the first width adjustment arm can rotate around the hinge point with the body frame, and one end of the first width adjustment arm connected to the semi-cone column cutter shaft can be telescoped back and forth.

[0014] In the above solution, a digging and pulling device is further included. The digging and pulling device is installed behind the compaction and seedling killing device. The digging and pulling device includes a folding shovel frame, a bionic digging shovel, a first transition plate, a second transition plate, a second hanging arm, and a second width adjusting arm. The bionic digging shovel, the first transition plate, and the second transition plate are respectively installed on the folding shovel frame. The bionic digging shovel is installed at the front end of the folding shovel frame, and the first transition plate and the second transition plate are installed behind the bionic digging shovel. The folding shovel frame can change the lateral folding degree, thereby adjusting the working width. One end of the second hanging arm is connected to one side of the folding shovel frame, and the other end is hung on the body frame. One end of the second width adjusting arm is connected to the other side of the folding shovel frame, and the other end is hinged to the body frame. The second width adjusting arm adjusts the folding degree of the folding shovel frame by rotating around the hinge point, and further changes the working width of the bionic digging shovel, the first transition plate, and the second transition plate.

[0015] Furthermore, a side plate is further included. The side plate is connected to the end of the second width adjusting arm close to the body frame and is used for guiding the dug harvest mixture.

[0016] Furthermore, a second width adjusting hydraulic device is further included. One end of the second width adjusting hydraulic device is hinged to the body frame, and the other end is hinged to the second width adjusting arm. The second width adjusting arm is a rail nested telescopic structure. The second width adjusting arm can rotate around the hinge point, and the end of the second width adjusting arm connected to the folding shovel frame can be telescoped back and forth. The second width adjusting hydraulic device is used to drive the second width adjusting arm to rotate around the hinge point to adjust the folding degree of the folding shovel frame.

[0017] Furthermore, the folding shovel frame is a scissor folding parallel link telescopic mechanism, including a first support plate, a second support plate, an upper connecting plate, and a lower connecting plate. A plurality of the first support plates and the second support plates are arranged in parallel at intervals. Adjacent first support plates and second support plates are connected by a set of upper connecting plates and lower connecting plates. Each set of upper connecting plates and lower connecting plates forms a scissor-like folding structure. Adjacent two sets of upper connecting plates are arranged in parallel, and adjacent two sets of lower connecting plates are arranged in parallel. A bionic digging shovel is respectively connected to the front ends of each first support plate and the second support plate. The second hanging arm and the second width adjusting arm are respectively connected to the first support plates on both sides.

[0018] Furthermore, the length of the second support plate is shorter than that of the first support plate, and a guide groove is opened at the end of the second support plate where the bionic digging shovel is installed. The front end of each set of upper connecting plates is hinged to the front end of the next set of lower connecting plates through a first hinge structure, and the front ends of the first support plate and the guide groove of the second support plate are respectively penetrated by the first hinge structure. The rear end of each set of lower connecting plates is hinged to the rear end of the next set of upper connecting plates through a second hinge structure, and the rear ends of the first support plate and the second support plate are respectively penetrated by the second hinge structure.

[0019] Furthermore, the bionic excavation shovel is an excavation shovel imitating the contour of the middle toe of the front paw of a vole. The functional expression equation after fitting the inner contour curve of the bionic excavation shovel is:

[0020] y1 = a1x 6 + b1x 5 + c1x 4 + d1x 3 + e1x 2 + f1x + g1

[0021] In the formula, a1 = -1.244e-11, b1 = 3.43e-8, c1 = -3.095e-5, d1 = 0.02349, e1 = -7.88, f1 = 1399, g1 = -1.027e5;

[0022] The functional expression equation after fitting the outer contour curve of the bionic excavation shovel is:

[0023] y2 = a2x 6 + b2x 5 + c2x 4 + d2x 3 + e2x 2 + f2x + g2

[0024] In the formula, a2 = -1.058e-14, b2 = 6.712e-11, c2 = -1.219e-7, d2 = 0.0001017, e2 = -0.04571, f2 = 11.32, g2 = -893.5.

[0025] Furthermore, both the first transition plate and the second transition plate are funnel-shaped that gradually narrow from the rear end to the front end, and the included angle α between the narrowing section of the first transition plate and the folding shovel frame is less than the included angle β between the narrowing section of the second transition plate and the folding shovel frame.

[0026] In the above solution, it further includes a primary separation and conveying chain, and the primary separation and conveying chain is installed behind the excavation and extraction device.

[0027] Further, it also includes a soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device, which is located behind the first-stage separation and conveying chain; the soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device includes a pitch angle adjustment guide rail, pitch side plates, a metal roller body, a rubber roller body, an angle adjustment crank, an angle adjustment connecting rod, and an angle adjustment hydraulic device; symmetrically arranged pitch angle adjustment guide rails are respectively provided on both sides of the body frame, and the pitch angle adjustment guide rails are respectively hinged to the symmetrically arranged pitch side plates; one end of each pitch side plate is hinged to the body frame, and the other end is hinged to the pitch angle adjustment guide rail; the metal roller body and the rubber roller body are arranged in pairs in parallel and staggered, and are installed between the pitch side plates on both sides; the angle adjustment cranks are installed in pairs on the pitch side plates on both sides, and a plurality of arc-shaped through grooves are provided on the pitch side plates, and a plurality of hinge points are provided on each angle adjustment crank, which are respectively hinged to the pitch side plates, the metal roller body, the rubber roller body, and the angle adjustment connecting rod; the angle adjustment connecting rods are symmetrically arranged above the pitch side plates on both sides, and a plurality of angle adjustment cranks are hinged along the length direction of each angle adjustment connecting rod, and each pair of angle adjustment cranks bears a set of metal roller body and rubber roller body; one end of the angle adjustment connecting rod is hinged to the angle adjustment hydraulic device, and the other end of the angle adjustment hydraulic device is hinged to the pitch side plate, for adjusting the angle of the metal roller body and the rubber roller body relative to the pitch side plate.

[0028] Further, an arc-shaped guide groove arranged longitudinally is provided on the pitch angle adjustment guide rail, and the pitch side plate is hinged to the pitch angle adjustment guide rail through the arc-shaped guide groove, and the hinge point of the pitch side plate and the pitch angle adjustment guide rail is connected to a driving mechanism, and the pitch angle of the pitch side plate relative to the horizontal plane is changed by the position of the hinge point of the driving device mechanism in the arc-shaped guide groove.

[0029] Further, it also includes a lifting conveying chain; the lifting conveying chain is located behind the soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device.

[0030] Further, it also includes a container loading device; the container loading device is installed at the tail of the body frame and is located behind the lifting conveying chain; the container loading device includes a damping guide rail frame, a first damping roller, a second damping roller, a first fixed roller, a second fixed roller, and a flexible mesh chain; the damping guide rail frame is installed at the tail of the body frame, and the first damping roller, the second damping roller, the first fixed roller, and the second fixed roller are installed across the damping guide rail frame; the flexible mesh chain is wrapped outside the first damping roller, the second damping roller, the first fixed roller, and the second fixed roller, and is used for carrying a container bag. As the container bag becomes heavier and heavier, the flexible mesh chain can passively change its contour shape with the change of the relative positions between the first damping roller, the second damping roller, the first fixed roller, and the second fixed roller, and unload the full container bag onto the field.

[0031] Furthermore, the damping guide rail frame is trapezoidal. Variable damping chutes arranged longitudinally are respectively provided on the vertical sides of the two trapezoids, and variable damping chutes arranged transversely are respectively provided on one side of the lower bottom edges on both sides. The ends of the first damping rollers respectively pass through the variable damping chutes on the vertical sides, and the ends of the second damping rollers respectively pass through the variable damping chutes on the bottom edges; adjustable dampers are respectively arranged in the variable damping chutes, and the adjustable dampers are respectively connected to the ends of the shafts of the first damping rollers and the second damping rollers. The first damping rollers and the second damping rollers can rotate around their own axes and can slide or be fixed in the variable damping chutes under the action of the adjustable dampers; the ends of the shafts of the first fixed rollers are respectively installed on one side of the upper bottom edges of the two trapezoids, and the ends of the shafts of the second fixed rollers are respectively installed on the other side of the lower bottom edges of the two trapezoids. The first fixed rollers and the second fixed rollers can only rotate around their own axes with respect to the damping guide rail frame.

[0032] Furthermore, hanging guide rails are provided at the top and rear of the damping guide rail frame, and operating platforms are also arranged on both sides of the damping guide rail frame.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] 1. The present invention can achieve high-efficiency and high-performance harvesting of tuber crops and onions, while significantly reducing the labor cost during harvesting and increasing the economic benefits of farmers growing tuber crops and onions.

[0035] 2. According to one aspect of the present invention, the compaction and seedling killing device can, by changing the structure and working parameters, achieve the soil ridge compaction work before excavating tuber crops and the seedling cutting work before uprooting onions, and can adapt to the harvesting environments of narrow soil ridges and wide furrow fields by changing the width and switching the pressing rollers and seedling killing knives. This device can meet the harvesting requirements of different crops and improve the operation efficiency and performance of subsequent excavation, uprooting, and conveying and separation links.

[0036] 3. According to one aspect of the present invention, the excavation and uprooting device can, by changing the structure and working parameters, achieve the excavation operation of tuber crops and the uprooting operation of onions, and can adapt to the harvesting environments of narrow soil ridges and wide furrow fields by changing the width. Further, the excavation and uprooting device also reduces the resistance during excavation and uprooting by adopting a bionic shovel, avoids the occurrence of soil heaping phenomenon, reduces the operation load, improves the excavation efficiency, and at the same time reduces the difficulty of separating subsequent crops from the soil.

[0037] 4. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the soil-breaking and seedling-removing device can, by varying its structure and operating parameters, apply an impact load to the tuber-soil mixture during transport, thereby breaking up and separating the soil clumps; and apply extrusion and friction to the onion seedlings, thereby removing them. This soil-breaking and seedling-removing device can both break up the tubers and remove the onion seedlings, replacing the traditional manual soil clod sorting and seedling removal methods. This effectively reduces labor during the mechanical harvesting of tuber crops and onions, lowering production costs and improving harvesting efficiency and performance.

[0038] 5. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the container device is capable of achieving a cushioned drop and layered stacking of separated tuber crops and onions by varying its structure and operating parameters, thereby reducing impact damage to the tuber crops and onions during the falling and stacking process. This container device can unload tuber crops and onions stacked to a certain weight onto the field, enabling uninterrupted operation of the combine harvester, improving operational efficiency while reducing labor and production costs.

[0039] 6. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the compacting and killing seedlings device and the digging and pulling device do not adopt a "symmetrically narrowed at both ends" structure, but a "narrowed at one end" structure. This structure allows the narrowed compacting and killing seedlings device and the digging and pulling device to be offset to one side in the width direction of the entire machine. When harvesting tuber crops planted on narrow ridges, the tuber crop and onion integrated combine harvester starts working from the edge of the field. At this time, the tires on the other side of the offset end of the compacting and killing seedlings device and the digging and pulling device travel on the outside of the field, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of tires crushing the ridges due to the inconsistency between the ridge distance and the tire gauge. Subsequently, the tuber crop and onion integrated combine harvester operates in a spiral trajectory from the outside to the inside around the contour line of the field, thereby ensuring that the tires on the other side of the offset end of the compacting and killing seedlings device and the digging and pulling device will never crush the ridges in the unharvested area.

[0040] 7. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a tuber crop and onion integrated harvester equipped with a compacting and killing seedling device, a digging and pulling device, a soil-breaking and seedling-picking device, and a container device can adapt to the tuber harvesting mode of narrow ridges, high resistance, and high soil content, as well as the onion harvesting mode of wide fields, low resistance, and high seedling content by changing the structure and working parameters, thereby realizing the "one machine, multiple uses" function, thereby significantly reducing the harvesting cost and increasing the economic output of tuber crops and onions.

[0041] Note that the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. One embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily have all of the above effects. Effects other than the above can be clearly seen and extracted from the description of the specification, drawings, claims, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated combined harvester for tuber crops and onions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the compaction and seedling killing device according to an embodiment of the present invention and its state diagram when harvesting onions;

[0044] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the push-pull type housing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the split state of the semi-conical column hob structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the combined state of the semi-conical column hob structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the digging and uprooting device according to an embodiment of the present invention and its state diagram when harvesting onions;

[0048] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the folding shovel frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the bionic digging shovel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the installation of the first transition plate and the second transition plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the soil-breaking and seedling-picking device according to an embodiment of the present invention and its state diagram when harvesting onions;

[0052] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the installation of the pitch angle adjustment guide rail according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the pitch side plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the container device according to an embodiment of the present invention and its state diagram at the initial stage of the container process;

[0055] Figure 14 State diagram of the compaction and seedling killing device when harvesting tuber crops;

[0056] Figure 15 State diagram of the digging and uprooting device when harvesting tuber crops;

[0057] Figure 16 It is a state diagram of a device for breaking soil and removing seedlings when harvesting tuber crops;

[0058] Figure 17 It is a state diagram of a container loading device during the container loading process;

[0059] Figure 18 It is a state diagram of the container loading device during the bulk bagging process.

[0060] In the figure: 1. Compacting and seedling-killing device, 2. Digging and uprooting device, 3. Soil-breaking and seedling-removing device, 4. Container loading device, 5. Body frame, 6. First-stage separation and conveying chain, 7. Lifting and conveying chain, 1-1. Push-pull type housing, 1-2. Semi-conical columnar hob, 1-3. First hanging arm, 1-4. First width adjustment arm, 1-5. First width adjustment hydraulic device, 1-6. Third width adjustment hydraulic device, 2-1. Folding shovel frame, 2-2. Bionic digging shovel, 2-3. First transition plate, 2-4. Second transition plate, 2-5. Second hanging arm, 2-6. Second width adjustment arm, 2-7. Side plate, 2-8. Second width adjustment hydraulic device, 3-1. Pitch angle adjustment guide rail, 3-2. Pitch side plate, 3-3. Metal roller body, 3-4. Rubber roller body, 3-5. Angle adjustment crank, 3-6. Angle adjustment connecting rod, 3-7. Angle adjustment hydraulic device, 4-1. Damping guide rail frame, 4-1-3. Hanging guide rail, 4-2. First damping roller, 4-3. Second damping roller, 4-4. First fixed roller, 4-5. Second fixed roller, 4-6. Flexible mesh chain, 4-7. Container bag, 1-1-1. Fixed housing, 1-1-2. Sliding housing, 1-1-3. Fixed slide rail, 1-1-4. Movable slide rail, 1-2-1. Hob shaft, 1-2-2. Cone section, 1-2-3. Hob cylinder, 1-2-4. Support spoke, 2-1-1. First support plate, 2-1-2. Second support plate, 2-1-3. Upper connecting plate, 2-1-4. Lower connecting plate, 4-1-1. Variable damping chute, 4-1-2. Operating platform, 1-2-3-1. Blade. Detailed implementation manners

[0061] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0062] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined. In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected to", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0063] Figure 1 The figure shows a preferred embodiment of the integrated combine harvester for tuberous crops and onions. The integrated combine harvester for tuberous crops and onions includes a compaction and killing seedling device 1, a digging and uprooting device 2, a primary separation and conveying chain 6, a soil-breaking and seedling-removing device 3, a lifting and conveying chain 7, and a container device 4, which are arranged in sequence from front to back;

[0064] The compaction and killing seedling device 1 is installed at the very front of the whole machine and is used to complete the preparatory work before the tuberous crop excavation and onion uprooting operations. It can both compact the ridges of the tuberous crops and cut the seedlings of the onions;

[0065] The digging and uprooting device 2 is installed behind the compaction and killing seedling device 1 and is used to dig up the tuberous crops or onions from the soil and take them into the harvester. It can both dig up the tubers growing deep in the ridges and uproot the onions growing on the surface of the field;

[0066] The primary separation and conveying chain 6 is installed between the digging and uprooting device 2 and the soil-breaking and seedling-removing device 3 and is used to preliminarily separate the dug-up harvested mixture and convey it to the soil-breaking and seedling-removing device 3 for the main separation work;

[0067] The soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device 3 is installed within the body frame 5 and is used to remove impurities that are difficult to separate in the harvested mixture during transportation. It can not only break up soil clods mixed in tuberous crops but also remove long seedlings attached to onions.

[0068] The lifting and conveying chain 7 is installed between the soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device 3 and the container device 4 and is used to lift and convey the separated tubers or onions into the container bag of the container device 4.

[0069] The container device 4 is installed at the tail of the body frame 5 and is used to collect the separated tuberous crops or onions, pack them, and unload them onto the field, reducing skin-breaking damage and avoiding downtime for unloading.

[0070] Furthermore, a traveling system and a control system are also integrated on the body frame 5 of an integrated combine harvester for tuberous crops and onions.

[0071] As Figure 2 shown, the compaction and seedling-killing device 1 includes a push-pull type housing 1-1, two semi-conical columnar cutters 1-2, a first hanging arm 1-3, a first width adjustment arm 1-4, a first width adjustment hydraulic device 1-5, and a third width adjustment hydraulic device 1-6. The push-pull type housing 1-1 is installed above the semi-conical columnar cutters 1-2 and is used to accommodate the cutter body, improve production safety, and prevent broken seedling shoots from scattering around during the seedling-killing process. The two semi-conical columnar cutters 1-2 are coaxially arranged below the push-pull type housing 1-1, and the two semi-conical columnar cutters 1-2 can be axially fitted together. When the two semi-conical columnar cutters 1-2 are fully axially fitted, it is in a combined state, and when the two semi-conical columnar cutters 1-2 are not fully fitted, it is in a separated state. In its separated state, it can be used to cut the onion seedlings, and in its combined state, it can be used to compact the soil ridges of the planted tuberous crops. One end of the first hanging arm 1-3 is connected to the shaft of one side semi-conical columnar cutter 1-2, and the other end is hung on the body frame 5 and is used to connect the push-pull type housing 1-1, the semi-conical columnar cutters 1-2 to the body. One end of the first width adjustment arm 1-4 is connected to the shaft of the other side semi-conical columnar cutter 1-2, and the other end is hinged to the body frame 5. The first width adjustment arm 1-4 can rotate around the hinge point as the overlap degree of the push-pull type housing 1-1 changes, thereby changing the working width of the semi-conical columnar cutters 1-2. The first width adjustment hydraulic device 1-5 is installed above the push-pull type housing 1-1. One end of the first width adjustment hydraulic device 1-5 is connected to one end of the push-pull type housing 1-1, and the other end is connected to the other end of the push-pull type housing 1-1 and is used to provide power for the adjustment of the housing overlap degree. One end of the third width adjustment hydraulic device 1-6 is hinged to the body frame 5, and the other end is hinged to the first width adjustment arm 1-4 and is used to drive the first width adjustment arm 1-4 to rotate around the hinge point to adjust the fitting degree of the two semi-conical columnar cutters 1-2.

[0072] As Figure 3 shown, the push-pull housing 1-1 includes a fixed housing 1-1-1 and a sliding housing 1-1-2. Fixed slide rails 1-1-3 and moving slide rails 1-1-4 are respectively welded to the edges of the fixed housing 1-1-1 and the sliding housing 1-1-2. One end of the first width-adjusting hydraulic device 1-5 is connected to the fixed housing 1-1-1, and the other end is connected to the sliding housing 1-1-2, and is used to drive the moving slide rail 1-1-4 to move in the fixed slide rail 1-1-3 to adjust the overlapping degree of the fixed housing 1-1-1 and the sliding housing 1-1-2.

[0073] As Figure 4 shown, the semi-conical column hob 1-2 includes a hob shaft 1-2-1, a conical section 1-2-2, and a hob cylinder 1-2-3; the conical section 1-2-2 and the hob cylinder 1-2-3 are coaxially sleeved on the hob shaft 1-2-1. The narrowing end of the conical section 1-2-2 is connected to one end of the hob cylinder 1-2-3. A plurality of blades 1-2-3-1 are machined at equal intervals in a circumferential array around the axis of the cylinder at the other end of the hob cylinder 1-2-3; the blades 1-2-3-1 of the two hob cylinders 1-2-3 can be axially fitted, and when fitted, they overlap and stagger each other. When the blades 1-2-3-1 of the two hob cylinders 1-2-3 are not completely axially fitted, they are in a split state, and when completely fitted, they are in a combined state, as Figure 5 shown;

[0074] Two or more support spokes 1-2-4 are connected to the inner ring of the hob cylinder 1-2-3 by welding, so as to increase the structural strength of the hob cylinder 1-2-3; the conical section 1-2-2, the hob cylinder 1-2-3, and the support spokes 1-2-4 are all coaxially sleeved on the hob shaft 1-2-1.

[0075] The semi-conical column hob 1-2 is connected to the first-stage separation conveying chain 6 through a sprocket installed at the end of the hob shaft 1-2-1. The power of the semi-conical column hob 1-2 can be transmitted through a sprocket installed at the end of the hob shaft 1-2-1 by means of the first-stage separation conveying chain 6.

[0076] The hob shaft 1-2-1 is a spline shaft, and a spline hole is opened at the center of the support spoke 1-2-4. The hob shaft 1-2-1 drives the support spoke 1-2-4 to rotate, and the support spoke 1-2-4 further drives the conical section 1-2-2 and the hob cylinder body 1-2-3 to rotate.

[0077] The first width adjustment arm 1-4 is a rail nested telescopic structure. The first width adjustment arm 1-4 can rotate around the hinge point with the body frame 5, and one end of the first width adjustment arm 1-4 connected to the semi-cone cylinder cutter 1-2 can be telescoped back and forth, so as not to cause mechanical interference when the overlap degree of the push-pull type housing 1-1 and the overlap degree of the two semi-cone cylinder cutters 1-2 change. Both ends of the first width adjustment hydraulic device 1-5 are respectively hinged on the fixed housing 1-1-1 and the sliding housing 1-1-2 of the push-pull type housing 1-1. The first width adjustment hydraulic device 1-5 drives the push-pull type housing 1-1 to change the overlap degree by extending and shortening. The push-pull type housing 1-1 drives the two semi-cone cylinder cutters 1-2 to change the overlap degree by changing the overlap degree. The two semi-cone cylinder cutters 1-2 drive the first width adjustment arm 1-4 to rotate around its hinge point by changing the overlap degree.

[0078] As Figure 6 shown, the excavation and extraction device 2 includes a folding shovel frame 2-1, a bionic excavation shovel 2-2, a first transition plate 2-3, a second transition plate 2-4, a second hanging arm 2-5, a second width adjustment arm 2-6, a side plate 2-7 and a second width adjustment hydraulic device 2-8; the bionic excavation shovel 2-2, the first transition plate 2-3 and the second transition plate 2-4 are respectively installed on the folding shovel frame 2-1. The folding shovel frame 2-1 is used to support the bionic excavation shovel 2-2, the first transition plate 2-3 and the second transition plate 2-4. The folding shovel frame 2-1 adjusts the working width by changing the folding degree; the bionic excavation shovel 2-2 is installed at the front end of the folding shovel frame 2-1 and is used for pulling out onions in the wide-width operation mode and for excavating tuber crops in the narrow-width operation mode; the first transition plate 2-3 and the second transition plate 2-4 are installed behind the bionic excavation shovel 2-2 and are used to transfer the dug harvest mixture to the primary separation conveyor chain 6; one end of the second hanging arm 2-5 is connected to one side of the folding shovel frame 2-1, and the other end is hung on the body frame 5 and is used to connect the folding shovel frame 2-1, the bionic excavation shovel 2-2, the first transition plate 2-3 and the second transition plate 2-4 to the body; one end of the second width adjustment arm 2-6 is connected to the other side of the folding shovel frame 2-1, and the other end is hinged on the body frame 5. The second width adjustment arm 2-6 adjusts the folding degree of the folding shovel frame 2-1 by rotating around the hinge point, and further changes the working width of the bionic excavation shovel 2-2, the first transition plate 2-3 and the second transition plate 2-4; the side plate 2-7 is connected to the second width adjustment arm 2-6 by welding and is used to guide the dug harvest mixture to prevent it from leaking out of the machine through the gap between the excavation and extraction device 2 and the primary separation conveyor chain 6 in the narrow-width operation mode; one end of the second width adjustment hydraulic device 2-8 is hinged on the body frame 5, and the other end is hinged on the second width adjustment arm 2-6 and is used to provide power for the adjustment of the folding degree of the folding shovel frame 2-1.

[0079] As Figure 7 shown, the folding shovel frame 2-1 is a scissor folding type parallel link telescopic joint mechanism, including a first support plate 2-1-1, a second support plate 2-1-2, an upper connecting plate 2-1-3 and a lower connecting plate 2-1-4; a plurality of the first support plates 2-1-1 and the second support plates 2-1-2 are arranged in parallel at intervals, and adjacent first support plates 2-1-1 and second support plates 2-1-2 are connected by a set of upper connecting plates 2-1-3 and lower connecting plates 2-1-4. Each set of upper connecting plates 2-1-3 and lower connecting plates 2-1-4 forms a scissor-like folding structure. Adjacent sets of upper connecting plates 2-1-3 are arranged in parallel, and adjacent sets of lower connecting plates 2-1-4 are arranged in parallel; the front end of each first support plate 2-1-1 and second support plate 2-1-2 is bolted with a bionic excavation shovel 2-2, and the second hanging arm 2-5 and the second width adjusting arm 2-6 are respectively connected to the first support plates 2-1-1 on both sides.

[0080] The length of the second support plate 2-1-2 is shorter than that of the first support plate 2-1-1, and a guide groove is provided at one end of the second support plate 2-1-2 where the bionic excavation shovel 2-2 is installed; the front end of each set of upper connecting plates 2-1-3 is hinged to the front end of the next set of lower connecting plates 2-1-4 through a first hinge structure, and the front end of the first support plate 2-1-1 and the guide groove of the second support plate 2-1-2 are respectively penetrated by the first hinge structure; the rear end of each set of lower connecting plates 2-1-4 is hinged to the rear end of the next set of upper connecting plates 2-1-3 through a second hinge structure, and the rear end of the first support plate 2-1-1 and the rear end of the second support plate 2-1-2 are respectively penetrated by the second hinge structure.

[0081] As Figure 8 shown, the bionic excavation shovel 2-2 is an excavation shovel designed and processed according to the contour of the middle toe of the front paw of a field mouse. The function expression equation after fitting the inner contour curve of the bionic excavation shovel 2-2 is:

[0082] y1 = a1x 6 + b1x 5 + c1x 4 + d1x 3 + e1x 2 + f1x + g1

[0083] In the formula, a1 = -1.244e-11, b1 = 3.43e-8, c1 = -3.095e-5, d1 = 0.02349, e1 = -7.88, f1 = 1399, g1 = -1.027e5;

[0084] The function expression equation after fitting the outer contour curve of the bionic excavation shovel 2-2 is:

[0085] y2 = a2x 6 + b2x5 +c2x 4 +d2x 3 +e2x 2 +f2x+g2

[0086] Wherein, a2 = -1.058e-14, b2 = 6.712e-11, c2 = -1.219e-7, d2 = 0.0001017, e2 = -0.04571, f2 = 11.32, g2 = -893.5.

[0087] As Figure 9 shown, both the first transition plate 2-3 and the second transition plate 2-4 are in a funnel shape that gradually narrows from the rear end to the front end. The included angle α between the narrowing section of the first transition plate 2-3 and the folding shovel frame 2-1 is smaller than the included angle β between the narrowing section of the second transition plate 2-4 and the folding shovel frame 2-1, so that there is no mechanical interference between them when the folding degree of the folding shovel frame 2-1 changes.

[0088] The second width adjustment arm 2-6 is a rail nested telescopic structure. The second width adjustment arm 2-6 can rotate around the hinge point, and one end of the second width adjustment arm 2-6 connected to the folding shovel frame 2-1 can be telescoped back and forth, so that there is no mechanical interference when the folding degree of the folding shovel frame 2-1 changes; the second width adjustment hydraulic device 2-8 drives the second width adjustment arm 2-6 to rotate around its hinge point through telescoping, and the second width adjustment arm 2-6 drives the folding degree of the folding shovel frame 2-1 to change through rotation.

[0089] As Figure 10 shown, the soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device 3 includes a pitch angle adjustment guide rail 3-1, a pitch side plate 3-2, a metal roller body 3-3, a rubber roller body 3-4, an angle adjustment crank 3-5, an angle adjustment connecting rod 3-6 and an angle adjustment hydraulic device 3-7;

[0090] On both sides of the body frame 5, there are symmetrically arranged pitch angle adjustment guide rails 3-1. The pitch angle adjustment guide rails 3-1 are respectively hinged to the symmetrically arranged pitch side plates 3-2 for adjusting the pitch angle of the pitch side plates 3-2. One end of the pitch side plate 3-2 is hinged to the body frame 5, and the other end is hinged to the pitch angle adjustment guide rail 3-1 for carrying the metal roller 3-3, the rubber roller 3-4, the angle adjustment crank 3-5, the angle adjustment connecting rod 3-6, and the angle adjustment hydraulic device 3-7. The metal roller 3-3 and the rubber roller 3-4 are arranged in pairs in parallel and staggered, and are installed between the pitch side plates 3-2 on both sides. They are in direct contact with the dug-up harvested mixture for crushing the soil clods mixed in the tuber crops and removing the long seedlings connected to the onions. The angle adjustment cranks 3-5 are installed in pairs on the pitch side plates 3-2 on both sides. There are multiple arc-shaped through slots on the pitch side plates 3-2, and each angle adjustment crank 3-5 is provided with multiple hinge points, which are respectively hinged to the pitch side plate 3-2, the metal roller 3-3, the rubber roller 3-4, and the angle adjustment connecting rod 3-6. Specifically, each angle adjustment crank 3-5 is provided with four hinge points. The first hinge point of the angle adjustment crank 3-5 is hinged to the pitch side plate 3-2, the second hinge point of the angle adjustment crank 3-5 is hinged to the metal roller 3-3 through the arc-shaped through slot, the third hinge point of the angle adjustment crank 3-5 is hinged to the rubber roller 3-4 through the arc-shaped through slot, and the fourth hinge point of the angle adjustment crank 3-5 is hinged to the angle adjustment connecting rod 3-6.

[0091] Each pair of angle adjustment cranks 3-5 carries a set of metal roller 3-3 and rubber roller 3-4, and the angle adjustment is synchronized with the rollers. The angle adjustment connecting rods 3-6 are symmetrically arranged above the pitch side plates 3-2 on both sides. Each angle adjustment connecting rod 3-6 is hinged with several angle adjustment cranks 3-5 along its length direction, and the upper edge of the angle adjustment connecting rod 3-6 is hinged to one end of the angle adjustment hydraulic device 3-7, which is used to transmit the power of the angle adjustment hydraulic device 3-7 to each set of angle adjustment cranks 3-5, metal roller 3-3, and rubber roller 3-4. The other end of the angle adjustment hydraulic device 3-7 is hinged to the pitch side plate 3-2 for adjusting the angle of the metal roller 3-3 and the rubber roller 3-4 relative to the pitch side plate 3-2.

[0092] As Figure 11As shown in the figure, an arc-shaped guide groove arranged longitudinally is provided on the pitch angle adjustment guide rail 3-1. The pitch side plate 3-2 is hinged to the pitch angle adjustment guide rail 3-1 through the arc-shaped guide groove. The hinge point between the pitch side plate 3-2 and the pitch angle adjustment guide rail 3-1 is connected to the driving mechanism. By the position of the hinge point of the driving device mechanism in the arc-shaped guide groove, the pitch angle of the pitch side plate 3-2 relative to the horizontal plane is changed. When the pitch angle adjustment guide rail 3-1 is installed on the body frame 5, the center of the arc-shaped guide groove needs to coincide with the hinge point of the pitch side plate 3-2 on the body frame 5. Preferably, the driving mechanism is a hydraulic system integrated in the body frame 5. The pitch side plate 3-2 can adjust the position of its hinge point with the pitch angle adjustment guide rail 3-1 in the arc-shaped guide groove through the hydraulic system integrated in the body frame 5, and then change the pitch angle of the pitch side plate 3-2 relative to the horizontal plane.

[0093] As Figure 12 shown in the figure, a number of arc-shaped guide grooves are provided on the pitch side plate 3-2. The number of arc-shaped guide grooves is equal to the number of groups of the angle adjustment crank 3-5, the metal roller 3-3 and the rubber roller 3-4. And the hinge points of each group of the angle adjustment crank 3-5 with the metal roller 3-3 and the rubber roller 3-4 all pass through the arc-shaped guide grooves on the pitch side plate 3-2; the angle adjustment link 3-6, the pitch side plate 3-2 and the angle adjustment crank 3-5 form a parallelogram link mechanism. The angle adjustment hydraulic device 3-7 drives the angle adjustment link 3-6 to move back and forth through telescoping. The angle adjustment link 3-6 drives the angle adjustment crank 3-5 to rotate around its hinge point with the pitch side plate 3-2 through back-and-forth movement. The angle adjustment crank 3-5 drives the relative height of the metal roller 3-3 and the rubber roller 3-4 to change through rotation.

[0094] As Figure 13 shown in the figure, the container loading device 4 includes a damping guide rail frame 4-1, a first damping roller 4-2, a second damping roller 4-3, a first fixed roller 4-4, a second fixed roller 4-5 and a flexible mesh chain 4-6; the damping guide rail frame 4-1 is installed at the tail of the body frame 5 and is used to carry the first damping roller 4-2, the second damping roller 4-3, the first fixed roller 4-4, the second fixed roller 4-5 and the flexible mesh chain 4-6; the first damping roller 4-2, the second damping roller 4-3, the first fixed roller 4-4 and the second fixed roller 4-5 are transversely installed in the damping guide rail frame 4-1 and are used to support the flexible mesh chain 4-6 and change its contour shape; the flexible mesh chain 4-6 is wrapped outside the first damping roller 4-2, the second damping roller 4-3, the first fixed roller 4-4 and the second fixed roller 4-5 and is used to carry the container bag 4-7. As the container bag 4-7 becomes heavier and heavier, the flexible mesh chain 4-6 can passively change its own contour shape with the change of the relative positions among the first damping roller 4-2, the second damping roller 4-3, the first fixed roller 4-4 and the second fixed roller 4-5, and unload the full container bag onto the field.

[0095] The damping guide rail frame 4-1 is trapezoidal, and longitudinally arranged variable damping chutes 4-1-1 are respectively provided on the vertical sides of the two trapezoids, and transversely arranged variable damping chutes 4-1-1 are respectively provided on one side of the lower bottom sides of both sides. The axial ends of the first damping roller 4-2 respectively pass through the variable damping chutes 4-1-1 on the vertical sides, thereby being installed on the damping guide rail frame 4-1, and the axial ends of the second damping roller 4-3 respectively pass through the variable damping chutes 4-1-1 on the bottom sides, thereby being installed on the damping guide rail frame 4-1, and adjustable dampers are respectively provided in the variable damping chutes 4-1-1. They are respectively connected to the axial ends of the first damping roller 4-2 and the second damping roller 4-3. The first damping roller 4-2 and the second damping roller 4-3 can rotate around their own axes and can slide or be fixed in the variable damping slide 4-1-1 under the action of the adjustable damper; the axial ends of the first fixed roller 4-4 are respectively installed on one side of the upper base of the trapezoids on both sides, and the axial ends of the second fixed roller 4-5 are respectively installed on the other side of the lower base of the trapezoids on both sides. The relative positions of the first fixed roller 4-4 and the second fixed roller 4-5 and the damping guide rail frame 4-1 are fixed, and they can only rotate around their own axes.

[0096] The harvester operator can adjust the damping of the variable damping chute 4-1-1 by methods including but not limited to changing the mechanical structure parameters / hydraulic system parameters, so that the first damping roller 4-2 and the second damping roller 4-3 can slide or be fixed in the variable damping chute 4-1-1 with different resistances.

[0097] An operating table 4-1-2 is also provided on both sides of the damping guide rail frame 4-1 for accommodating operators to perform impurity sorting and container bag replacement operations.

[0098] The container device 4 also includes a hanging guide rail 4-1-3; the hanging guide rail 4-1-3 is semi-enclosed at the top and rear of the damping guide rail frame 4-1, i.e., the upper bottom side and vertical side of the trapezoid. The hanging guide rail 4-1-3 is provided with a plurality of hooks that can slide along the track of the hanging guide rail 4-1-3. The hanging belt of the container bag 4-7 is hung on the hook and can slide along the track of the guide rail. After the hook slides to the end of the hanging guide rail 4-1-3 and the ton bag is finished, it can be manually adjusted to the upper end of the hanging guide rail 4-1-3.

[0099] When packaging tuber crops and onions in bulk and ton bags, Figure 13 As shown, in the initial state of the container device 4, the first damping roller 4-2 is located at the top of the variable damping chute 4-1-1 in which it is located, and the second damping roller 4-3 is located at the front end of the variable damping chute 4-1-1 in which it is located. At this time, the flexible mesh chain 4-6 is in a "tight" state, and the container bags (4-7) are completely empty and stacked on the upper surface of the flexible mesh chain 4-6 between the first damping roller 4-2 and the first fixed roller 4-4.

[0100] As Figure 17 shown, during the container loading process, first, the position of the first damping roller 4-2 in the variable damping chute 4-1-1 is fixed, and the position of the second damping roller 4-3 in the variable damping chute 4-1-1 is set to be movable. As the tuber crops or onions gradually fill the container bag 4-7, the self-weight of the container bag 4-7 gradually increases. Under the action of gravity, the second damping roller 4-3 overcomes the resistance and moves towards the rear end of the variable damping chute 4-1-1 where it is located. During this process, the length allowance of the flexible mesh chain 4-6 between the first damping roller 4-2 and the first fixed roller 4-4 gradually increases as the stacking volume of the tuber crops or onions in the container bag 4-7 increases, thereby playing a role in wrapping and supporting the gradually filled container bag 4-7, ensuring that the height difference between the stacking surface of the tuber crops or onions and the end of the lifting conveyor chain 7 is always maintained within the collision damage limit drop height, and avoiding damage to the tuber crops or onions during the process of falling into the container bag 4-7.

[0101] As Figure 18 shown, during the bulk bagging process, simultaneously control the first damping roller 4-2 to gradually move towards the lower end of the variable damping chute 4-1-1 where it is located, and the second damping roller 4-3 to gradually move towards the front end of the variable damping chute 4-1-1 where it is located. During this process, after the filled container bag 4-7 is manually closed, the flexible mesh chain 4-6 between the first damping roller 4-2 and the first fixed roller 4-4 gradually forms a flexible slope. Under the action of its own gravity, the container bag 4-7 slides down along the hanging guide rail 4-1-3 to the end. At this time, the operator removes the hanging belt of the container bag 4-7 from the hook, and finally unloads it onto the field stably and smoothly.

[0102] When harvesting onions, as Figure 2 shown, the first width adjustment hydraulic device 1-5 extends to the longest state, and drives the overlapping degree of the push-pull type housing 1-1 to reach the minimum. The third width adjustment hydraulic device 1-6 drives the first width adjustment arm 1-4 to rotate around its hinge point on the machine body frame 5, and makes its rotation angle and stretching length both reach the minimum. The first width adjustment arm 1-4 then drives the blades 1-2-3-1 of the two semi-cone column cutters 1-2 to separate from each other with a smaller degree of engagement. In this split state, the working width of the whole compaction and seedling killing device 1 is the largest, and it can span the onion planting ridge. The two semi-cone column cutters 1-2 are in a split state. As Figure 4 shown, the independent blades 1-2-3-1 rotate at high speed on the surface layer of the ridge, thereby crushing the onion seedlings.

[0103] As Figure 6As shown, the second wide-width adjusting hydraulic device 2-8 extends to its longest state, driving the second width adjusting arm 2-6 to rotate around its hinge point on the body frame 5, and making both its rotation angle and stretching length reach the minimum. The second width adjusting arm 2-6 then drives the folding degree of the folding shovel frame 2-1 to reach the minimum. In this state, the overall working width of the excavating and uprooting device 2 is the largest, which can span the onion-growing ridges. The distance between the bionic excavating shovels 2-2 is the largest, and the narrowing sections of the first transition plate 2-3 and the second transition plate 2-4 are completely separated. During operation, the tips of the bionic excavating shovels 2-2 are inserted into the soil surface layer, and the gaps between adjacent bionic excavating shovels 2-2 are aligned with each row of onions. The onions are lifted under the combined action of adjacent bionic excavating shovels 2-2. The contour of the middle toe of the bionic field mouse's front paw of the bionic excavating shovel 2-2 can gently convey the onions backward to the first transition plate 2-3, the second transition plate 2-4, and the primary separation and conveying chain 6, thereby reducing the damage to the onion bodies during the uprooting process. At the same time, during the uprooting process, a large amount of discrete soil flows through the gaps between the bionic excavating shovels 2-2, reducing the resistance and also reducing the subsequent load of separating onions from the soil.

[0104] As Figure 10 As shown, the soil-breaking and seedling-removing device 3 is adjusted to an inclined position through the hydraulic system integrated in the body frame 5. At this time, the hinge point of the pitching side plate 3-2 and the pitching angle adjusting guide rail 3-1 is located at the bottom end of the arc-shaped guide groove. The angle adjusting hydraulic device 3-7 is in an extended state, which drives the angle adjusting connecting rod 3-6 to translate forward relative to the pitching side plate 3-2. The angle adjusting connecting rod 3-6 further drives the angle adjusting crank 3-5 to rotate clockwise around its hinge point with the pitching side plate 3-2. At this time, the metal roller body 3-3 and the rubber roller body 3-4 are in a "flat state" relative to the pitching side plate 3-2 and in a "slope state" relative to the horizontal ground. The soil-breaking and seedling-removing device 3 in this state is used to remove onion seedlings. At this time, the rotation directions of the metal roller body 3-3 and the rubber roller body 3-4 are opposite. The metal roller body 3-3 rotates clockwise, and the rubber roller body 3-4 rotates counterclockwise. The metal roller body 3-3 and the rubber roller body 3-4 in the same group apply extrusion and frictional forces to the onion seedlings through the gap between them, thereby removing the seedlings from the onion bodies. The removed seedlings pass through the gap and fall onto the field. During the removal process, the rubber roller body 3-4 promotes the conveyance of the harvested mixture, and the metal roller body 3-3 hinders the conveyance of the harvested mixture. Therefore, the soil-breaking and seedling-removing device 3 needs to be adjusted to an inclined position, and the metal roller body 3-3 and the rubber roller body 3-4 are in a "slope state" relative to the horizontal ground, so as to utilize the component force of gravity along the inclined plane direction of the soil-breaking and seedling-removing device 3 to ensure the continuous movement of the harvested mixture in the conveying direction.

[0105] Preferably, the rotation speed and direction of rotation of the metal roller body 3-3 and the rubber roller body 3-4 can be controlled by a hydraulic system integrated within the machine frame 5.

[0106] Preferably, in order to improve the conveying efficiency of the onion harvesting mixture, improve the performance of removing onion seedlings, and reduce the impact damage to onions, the surface of the metal roller body 3-3 can be processed with structures including but not limited to spiral protrusions; the surface of the rubber roller body 3-4 can be processed with structures including but not limited to fish scale shapes.

[0107] When harvesting tuber crops, such as Figure 14 shown, the first width adjustment hydraulic device 1-5 contracts to the shortest state, driving the overlapping degree of the push-pull housing 1-1 to reach the maximum. The third width adjustment hydraulic device 1-6 pulls the first width adjustment arm 1-4 to rotate around its hinge point on the machine frame 5, and makes its rotation angle and stretching length reach the maximum. The first width adjustment arm 1-4 then drives the blades 1-2-3-1 of the two semi-cone column cutters 1-2 to fully fit with each other, as Figure 5 shown. In this combined state, the overall working width of the compaction and seedling killing device 1 is the smallest, and it can straddle the ridges of the planted tuber crops. The two semi-cone column cutters 1-2 are in a combined state and form a complete cone column compaction roller structure, which can roll over the ridges to compact the ridges of the planted tuber crops.

[0108] As Figure 15 shown, the second width adjustment hydraulic device 2-8 contracts to the shortest state, driving the second width adjustment arm 2-6 to rotate around its hinge point on the machine frame 5, and making its rotation angle and stretching length reach the maximum. The second width adjustment arm 2-6 then drives the folding degree of the folding shovel frame 2-1 to reach the maximum. In this state, the overall working width of the excavation and uprooting device 2 is the smallest, the distance between the bionic excavation shovels 2-2 is the smallest, and it can straddle the ridges of the planted tuber crops. There is partial overlap between the narrowing sections of the first transition plate 2-3 and the second transition plate 2-4. During operation, the bionic excavation shovels 2-2 dig deep into the ridges to lift the tuber crops, and their profiles imitating the middle toes of the front paws of field mice can effectively reduce the excavation resistance; during the excavation process, some discrete soil flows through the gaps between the bionic excavation shovels 2-2, further reducing the excavation resistance; the dug tuber crops and soil mixture pass through the first transition plate 2-3 and the second transition plate 2-4 and are further conveyed to the first-stage separation and conveying chain 6.

[0109] As Figure 16As shown in the figure, the soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device 3 can be adjusted to the horizontal position through the hydraulic system integrated in the machine body frame 5. At this time, the hinge point of the pitching side plate 3-2 and the pitching angle adjustment guide rail 3-1 is located at the top of the arc-shaped guide groove. The angle adjustment hydraulic device 3-7 is in a shortened state, which drives the angle adjustment connecting rod 3-6 to translate backward relative to the pitching side plate 3-2. The angle adjustment connecting rod 3-6 further drives the angle adjustment crank 3-5 to rotate counterclockwise around its hinge point with the pitching side plate 3-2. At this time, the height of the metal roller 3-3 from the ground is lower than the height of the rubber roller 3-4 from the ground, and a height difference is generated between the rubber roller 3-4 and the metal roller 3-3. The soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device 3 in this state is used to break the soil clods in the harvested mixture. At this time, both the metal roller 3-3 and the rubber roller 3-4 rotate counterclockwise, so as to realize the conveying of the harvested mixture. During the conveying process, the friction coefficient between the harvested mixture and the rubber roller 3-4 is relatively large. After the rubber roller 3-4 lifts the harvested mixture to a high position, the tubers and soil clods fall onto the metal roller 3-3 and collide with it under the action of gravity. Since the height difference between the rubber roller 3-4 and the metal roller 3-3 is small, the tubers will not be damaged by impact. However, since the soil clods are polymers condensed from discrete particles, during the periodic climbing-falling-collision process, the cohesive force of the soil clods gradually decreases, and thus they are broken into soil clods with a smaller equivalent diameter. When the equivalent diameter of the small soil clods is lower than the gap between the metal roller 3-3 and the rubber roller 3-4, they pass through the soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device 3 and fall onto the field, thus separating from the tubers.

[0110] Preferably, the height difference and the gap size between the metal roller 3-3 and the rubber roller 3-4 can be indirectly adjusted by controlling the translation amount of the angle adjustment connecting rod 3-6 and the rotation amount of the angle adjustment crank 3-5 through the angle adjustment hydraulic device 3-7; the rotation speed and rotation direction of the metal roller 3-3 and the rubber roller 3-4 can be controlled by the hydraulic system integrated in the machine body frame 5.

[0111] Preferably, in order to improve the conveying efficiency of the harvested mixture of tuber crops and reduce the impact damage to the tuber crops, the surface of the metal roller 3-3 can be wrapped with buffer materials of different materials and thicknesses; the surface of the rubber roller 3-4 can be processed into structures including but not limited to brush shapes.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, processes such as compaction / seedling killing, low-resistance excavation / pulling, high-performance conveying and separation, and low-damage packing can be completed at one time, and it has the advantages of "one machine with multiple functions", meeting the harvesting requirements of tuber crops and onions under different planting modes, greatly improving the mechanized harvesting efficiency and performance of tuber crops and onions, while reducing the harvesting cost and increasing the economic output.

[0113] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0114] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of the feasible embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated combined harvester for tuber crops and onions, characterized in that, It includes a compaction and seedling-killing device (1); The compaction and seedling-killing device (1) includes a push-pull type housing (1-1), two semi-conical columnar hob cutters (1-2), a first hanging arm (1-3), and a first width adjustment arm (1-4); The push-pull type housing (1-1) is installed above the semi-conical columnar hob cutter (1-2). The two semi-conical columnar hob cutters (1-2) are arranged opposite and coaxially. The two semi-conical columnar hob cutters (1-2) can be axially engaged. When the two semi-conical columnar hob cutters (1-2) are completely axially engaged, it is in a combined state. When the two semi-conical columnar hob cutters (1-2) are not completely engaged, it is in a separated state. One end of the first hanging arm (1-3) is connected to the shaft of one side semi-conical columnar hob cutter (1-2), and the other end is hung on the body frame (5). One end of the first width adjustment arm (1-4) is connected to the shaft of the other side semi-conical columnar hob cutter (1-2), and the other end is hinged to the body frame (5). The first width adjustment arm (1-4) can rotate around the hinge point as the engagement degree of the two semi-conical columnar hob cutters (1-2) changes, thereby changing the working width of the semi-conical columnar hob cutter (1-2).

2. The tuberous crops and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The push-pull type housing (1-1) includes a fixed housing (1-1-1) and a sliding housing (1-1-2); The fixed housing (1-1-1) and the sliding housing (1-1-2) partially overlap. A fixed slide rail (1-1-3) is provided at the edge of the fixed housing (1-1-1), and a moving slide rail (1-1-4) is provided at the edge of the sliding housing (1-1-2). The moving slide rail (1-1-4) can move in the fixed slide rail (1-1-3) to adjust the overlap degree of the fixed housing (1-1-1) and the sliding housing (1-1-2).

3. The tuberous crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a first width adjustment hydraulic device (1-5) and a third width adjustment hydraulic device (1-6); One end of the first width adjustment hydraulic device (1-5) is connected to the fixed housing (1-1-1), and the other end is connected to the sliding housing (1-1-2), and is used to drive the moving slide rail (1-1-4) to move in the fixed slide rail (1-1-3) to adjust the overlap degree of the fixed housing (1-1-1) and the sliding housing (1-1-2); One end of the third width adjustment hydraulic device (1-6) is hinged to the body frame (5), and the other end is hinged to the first width adjustment arm (1-4), and is used to drive the first width adjustment arm (1-4) to rotate around the hinge point to adjust the engagement degree of the two semi-conical columnar hob cutters (1-2).

4. The tuber crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 1, wherein The semi-conical columnar hob cutter (1-2) includes a hob shaft (1-2-1), a conical section (1-2-2), and a hob cylinder (1-2-3); The conical section (1-2-2) and the hob cylinder (1-2-3) are coaxially sleeved on the hob shaft (1-2-1). The narrowing end of the conical section (1-2-2) is connected to one end of the hob cylinder (1-2-3). A plurality of blades (1-2-3-1) are processed at equal intervals in a circumferential array around the axis of the cylinder at the other end of the hob cylinder (1-2-3). The blades (1-2-3-1) of the two hob cylinders (1-2-3) can be axially engaged, and when engaged, they are arranged overlapping and staggered with each other.

5. The tuber crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner ring of the hob cylinder (1-2-3) is connected with support spokes (1-2-4); the conical section (1-2-2), the hob cylinder (1-2-3) and the support spokes (1-2-4) are coaxially sleeved on the hob shaft (1-2-1); the hob shaft (1-2-1) is a spline shaft, a spline hole is opened at the center of the support spokes (1-2-4), the hob shaft (1-2-1) drives the support spokes (1-2-4) to rotate, and the support spokes (1-2-4) further drive the conical section (1-2-2) and the hob cylinder body (1-2-3) to rotate.

6. The tuberous crop and onion integrated combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that The first width adjustment arm (1-4) is a rail nested telescopic structure. The first width adjustment arm (1-4) can rotate around the hinge point with the body frame (5), and one end of the first width adjustment arm (1-4) connected to the semi-conical column hob (1-2) can be telescoped back and forth.

7. The integrated combined harvester for tuber crops and onions according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes an excavation and pulling-out device (2), and the excavation and pulling-out device (2) is installed behind the compaction and stubble-killing device (1); The excavation and pulling-out device (2) includes a folding shovel frame (2-1), a bionic excavation shovel (2-2), a first transition plate (2-3), a second transition plate (2-4), a second hanging arm (2-5) and a second width adjustment arm (2-6); The bionic excavation shovel (2-2), the first transition plate (2-3) and the second transition plate (2-4) are respectively installed on the folding shovel frame (2-1), and the bionic excavation shovel (2-2) is installed at the front end of the folding shovel frame (2-1), and the first transition plate (2-3) and the second transition plate (2-4) are installed behind the bionic excavation shovel (2-2); the folding shovel frame (2-1) can change the lateral folding degree so as to adjust the working width; one end of the second hanging arm (2-5) is connected to one side of the folding shovel frame (2-1), and the other end is hung on the body frame (5); one end of the second width adjustment arm (2-6) is connected to the other side of the folding shovel frame (2-1), and the other end is hinged to the body frame (5). The second width adjustment arm (2-6) adjusts the folding degree of the folding shovel frame (2-1) by rotating around the hinge point, and further changes the working width of the bionic excavation shovel (2-2), the first transition plate (2-3) and the second transition plate (2-4).

8. The tuberous crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that, It further includes a side plate (2-7); The side plate (2-7) is connected to the end of the second width adjustment arm (2-6) close to the body frame (5) and is used for guiding the harvested mixture dug up.

9. The tuberous crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that, It further includes a second wide width adjustment hydraulic device (2-8); One end of the second wide width adjustment hydraulic device (2-8) is hinged to the body frame (5), and the other end is hinged to the second width adjustment arm (2-6). The second width adjustment arm (2-6) is a rail nested telescopic structure. The second width adjustment arm (2-6) can rotate around the hinge point, and one end of the second width adjustment arm (2-6) connected to the folding shovel frame (2-) can be telescoped back and forth; The second wide width adjustment hydraulic device (2-8) is used to drive the second width adjustment arm (2-6) to rotate around the hinge point to adjust the folding degree of the folding shovel frame (2-1).

10. The tuberous crop and onion integrated combine harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that, The folding shovel frame (2-1) is a scissor folding type parallel link telescopic mechanism, including a first support plate (2-1-1), a second support plate (2-1-2), an upper connecting plate (2-1-3) and a lower connecting plate (2-1-4); A plurality of the first support plates (2-1-1) and the second support plates (2-1-2) are arranged in parallel at intervals. A group of upper connecting plates (2-1-3) and lower connecting plates (2-1-4) are connected between adjacent first support plates (2-1-1) and second support plates (2-1-2). Each group of upper connecting plates (2-1-3) and lower connecting plates (2-1-4) forms a scissor-like folding structure. Adjacent two groups of upper connecting plates (2-1-3) are arranged in parallel, and adjacent two groups of lower connecting plates (2-1-4) are arranged in parallel; A bionic excavation shovel (2-2) is respectively connected to the front ends of each first support plate (2-1-1) and the second support plate (2-1-2). The second hanging arm (2-5) and the second width adjusting arm (2-6) are respectively connected to the first support plates (2-1-1) on both sides.

11. The tuber crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 10, characterized in that, The length of the second support plate (2-1-2) is shorter than that of the first support plate (2-1-1), and a guide groove is formed at one end of the second support plate (2-1-2) where the bionic excavation shovel (2-2) is installed; The front end of each group of upper connecting plates (2-1-3) is hinged to the front end of the next group of lower connecting plates (2-1-4) through a first hinge structure. The front ends of the first support plate (2-1-1) and the guide groove of the second support plate (2-1-2) are respectively penetrated by the first hinge structure; The rear end of each group of lower connecting plates (2-1-4) is hinged to the rear end of the next group of upper connecting plates (2-1-3) through a second hinge structure. The rear ends of the first support plate (2-1-1) and the second support plate (2-1-2) are respectively penetrated by the second hinge structure.

12. The tuber crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bionic excavation shovel (2-2) is an excavation shovel imitating the contour of the middle toe of a vole's front paw. The functional expression equation after fitting the inner contour curve of the bionic excavation shovel (2-2) is: y1 = a1x 6 + b1x 5 + c1x 4 + d1x 3 + e1x 2 + f1x + g1 In the formula, a1=-1.244e-11, b1=3.43e-8, c1=-3.095e-5, d1=0.02349, e1=-7.88, f1=1399, g1=-1.027e5; The functional expression equation after fitting the outer contour curve of the bionic excavation shovel (2-2) is: y2 = a2x 6 + b2x 5 + c2x 4 + d2x 3 + e2x 2 + f2x + g2 In the formula, a2=-1.058e-14, b2=6.712e-11, c2=-1.219e-7, d2=0.0001017, e2=-0.04571, f2=11.32, g2=-893.

5.

13. The tuberous crop and onion integrated combine harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that, Both the first transition plate (2-3) and the second transition plate (2-4) are funnel-shaped that gradually narrow from the rear end to the front end. The included angle α between the narrowing section of the first transition plate (2-3) and the folding shovel frame (2-1) is smaller than the included angle β between the narrowing section of the second transition plate (2-4) and the folding shovel frame (2-1).

14. The tuberous crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a primary separation and conveying chain (6), and the primary separation and conveying chain (6) is installed behind the excavation and pulling device (2).

15. The tuber crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 14, characterized in that, It further includes a soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device (3), and the soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device (3) is located behind the primary separation and conveying chain (6). The soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device (3) includes a pitch angle adjustment guide rail (3-1), pitch side plates (3-2), a metal roller body (3-3), a rubber roller body (3-4), an angle adjustment crank (3-5), an angle adjustment connecting rod (3-6), and an angle adjustment hydraulic device (3-7); symmetrically arranged pitch angle adjustment guide rails (3-1) are respectively provided on both sides of the machine body frame (5), and the pitch angle adjustment guide rails (3-1) are respectively hinged to the symmetrically arranged pitch side plates (3-2); one end of each pitch side plate (3-2) is hinged to the machine body frame (5), and the other end is hinged to the pitch angle adjustment guide rail (3-1); the metal roller body (3-3) and the rubber roller body (3-4) are arranged in pairs in parallel and staggered, and are installed between the pitch side plates (3-2) on both sides; the angle adjustment cranks (3-5) are installed in pairs on the pitch side plates (3-2) on both sides, and a plurality of arc-shaped through grooves are provided on the pitch side plates (3-2), and a plurality of hinge points are provided on each angle adjustment crank (3-5), which are respectively hinged to the pitch side plates (3-2), the metal roller body (3-3), the rubber roller body (3-4), and the angle adjustment connecting rod (3-6). The angle adjustment connecting rods (3-6) are symmetrically arranged above the pitch side plates (3-2) on both sides, and a plurality of angle adjustment cranks (3-5) are hinged along the length direction of each angle adjustment connecting rod (3-6), and each pair of angle adjustment cranks (3-5) bears a set of metal roller body (3-3) and rubber roller body (3-4); the angle adjustment connecting rod (3-6) is hinged to one end of the angle adjustment hydraulic device (3-7), and the other end of the angle adjustment hydraulic device (3-7) is hinged to the pitch side plate (3-2) for adjusting the angle of the metal roller body (3-3) and the rubber roller body (3-4) relative to the pitch side plate (3-2).

16. The tuberous crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 15, characterized in that, An arc-shaped guide groove arranged longitudinally is provided on the pitch angle adjustment guide rail (�-1), and the pitch side plate (3-2) is hinged to the pitch angle adjustment guide rail (3-1) through the arc-shaped guide groove. The hinge point between the pitch side plate (3-2) and the pitch angle adjustment guide rail (3-1) is connected to the driving mechanism, and the position of the hinge point of the driving device mechanism in the arc-shaped guide groove is used to change the pitch angle of the pitch side plate (3-2) relative to the horizontal plane.

17. The tuber crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 15, characterized in that, It further includes a lifting and conveying chain (7); the lifting and conveying chain (7) is located behind the soil-breaking and seedling-pulling device (3).

18. The tuber crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 17, characterized in that, It further includes a containerizing device (4); the containerizing device (4) is installed at the tail of the machine body frame (5) and is located behind the lifting and conveying chain (7). The container loading device (4) includes a damping guide rail frame (4-1), a first damping roller (4-2), a second damping roller (4-3), a first fixed roller (4-4), a second fixed roller (4-5), and a flexible mesh chain (4-6); the damping guide rail frame (4-1) is installed at the tail of the machine body frame (5), and the first damping roller (4-2), the second damping roller (4-3), the first fixed roller (4-4), and the second fixed roller (4-5) are transversely installed in the damping guide rail frame (4-1); the flexible mesh chain (4-6) is wrapped around the outside of the first damping roller (4-2), the second damping roller (4-3), the first fixed roller (4-4), and the second fixed roller (4-5) for carrying the container bag. As the container bag becomes heavier and heavier, the flexible mesh chain (4-6) can passively change its contour shape with the change of the relative positions among the first damping roller (4-2), the second damping roller (4-3), the first fixed roller (4-4), and the second fixed roller (4-5), and unload the full container bag onto the field.

19. The tuberous crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 18, characterized in that, The damping guide rail frame (4-1) is trapezoidal. Variable damping chutes (4-1-1) arranged longitudinally are respectively provided on the vertical sides of the two trapezoids, and variable damping chutes (4-1-1) arranged transversely are respectively provided on one side of the lower bottom edges on both sides. The shaft ends of the first damping roller (4-2) respectively pass through the variable damping chutes (4-1-1) on the vertical sides, and the shaft ends of the second damping roller (4-3) respectively pass through the variable damping chutes (4-1-1) on the bottom edges; adjustable dampers are respectively arranged in the variable damping chutes (4-1-1), and the adjustable dampers are respectively connected to the shaft ends of the first damping roller (4-2) and the second damping roller (4-3). The first damping roller (4-2) and the second damping roller (4-3) can rotate around their own axes and can slide or be fixed in the variable damping chutes (4-1-1) under the action of the adjustable dampers; the shaft ends of the first fixed roller (4-4) are respectively installed on one side of the upper bottom edges of the two trapezoids, and the shaft ends of the second fixed roller (4-5) are respectively installed on the other side of the lower bottom edges of the two trapezoids. The first fixed roller (4-4) and the second fixed roller (4-5) can only rotate around their own axes with respect to the damping guide rail frame (4-1).

20. The tuberous crop and onion integrated combined harvester according to claim 18, characterized in that, Hanging guide rails (4-1-3) are provided at the top and rear of the damping guide rail frame (4-1), and operating platforms (4-1-2) are also arranged on both sides of the damping guide rail frame (4-1).

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