Novel feed added with composite plant extract and application of novel feed
By adding thymeol and cinnamaldehyde to the Xiaoshan pheasant feed, the problems of improvement in growth performance, slaughtering performance and meat quality are solved, and the growth performance and meat quality are improved are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510785149.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-01
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to effectively improve the growth performance, slaughtering performance and meat quality of Xiaoshan pheasants, especially in terms of meat color and flavor.
New feed with added compound plant extracts is adopted, including basic feed and complex plant extracts. The complex plant extracts are thymegen and cinnamaldehyde, with a ratio of 200-600 mg/kg, preferably 400 mg/kg, and a mass ratio of 2:3.
Significantly improve the growth performance of Xiaoshan pheasants, improve slaughtering performance and meat quality, especially the color and flavor of meat, and enhance the market competitiveness and consumer preferences of chicken.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation and breeding, and in particular to a novel feed added with a composite plant extract and application thereof. Background Art
[0002] Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) is a natural phenolic monoterpenoid found primarily in thyme. Thymol is a component of natural essential oils and exhibits diverse biological activities (Zieli'nska-Błajet et al., 2020). Thymol's significant effects are primarily attributed to its anti-inflammatory (by inhibiting the recruitment of cytokines and chemokines), antioxidant (by scavenging free radicals and enhancing endogenous enzymes), and antimicrobial and antibacterial properties (by disrupting cell membranes).
[0003] Cinnamaldehyde, the primary active ingredient in cinnamon, contains an aldehyde (-CHO) functional group. Its molecular structure gives it a distinctive spicy and sweet aroma and exhibits antibacterial and therapeutic properties. This compound exhibits strong antioxidant activity, making it useful for medical purposes and well-known for its ability to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth. However, it is highly volatile and soluble in ethanol and ether, and unstable at high temperatures, which can lead to its degradation (Guo et al., 2024). Cinnamaldehyde exerts its antibacterial effects by disrupting the iron, amino acid, and lipid metabolism of several pathogenic bacteria (Kang et al., 2024). Cinnamaldehyde is considered an indicator component and major bioactive ingredient in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, exhibiting antifungal, antiparasitic, antitumor, antibacterial, and antidiabetic pharmacological activities (Yao et al., 2024).
[0004] The Xiaoshan chicken is a local dual-purpose breed for meat and eggs, characterized by tender meat, a robust physique, and rich nutrition. It represents a significant genetic resource for Chinese native chicken breeds (Gao et al., 2023) and possesses the potential for meat-type breeding. Currently, the annual production of yellow-feathered chickens is approximately 4 billion, almost identical to that of white-feathered chickens. As a native Chinese breed, yellow-feathered broilers have always maintained 100% self-sufficiency in seed production. my country boasts a rich genetic resource for yellow-feathered broilers. As of 2022, 70 complete lines, 119 local breeds, and five cultivated breeds had been approved by the National Committee for Animal Genetic Resources. According to statistics from the China Animal Husbandry Association, the average monthly stock of yellow-feathered grandparent and parent-generation broiler breeders in 2022 was 2.155 million and 66.819 million, respectively. The stock of yellow-feathered grandparent broiler breeders remains at a historically high level, and production capacity is being reduced. Poultry meat is the second most consumed meat product in my country, with demand increasing annually. The demand for chicken products is also increasing, which requires researchers to focus on both the slaughter performance and meat quality of chickens.
[0005] Based on this, the present invention provides a compound feed suitable for Xiaoshan chickens, which helps improve the growth performance, meat quality and flavor of Xiaoshan chickens. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a novel feed added with a compound plant extract, which has an application prospect in the field of Xiaoshan chicken breeding.
[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a novel feed added with a compound plant extract, which comprises a basic diet and a compound plant extract, and the compound plant extract is thymol and cinnamaldehyde.
[0008] Preferably, the above-mentioned basic diet comprises 69% corn, 21% soybean meal, 2.2% stone powder, 2.8% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.35% sodium chloride, and 4.7% premix by weight percentage; the premix provides per kilogram of diet: 9000 IU of vitamin A, 500 IU of vitamin D3, 20 IU of vitamin E, 1.5 mg of vitamin K3, 3 mg of vitamin B1, 3 mg of vitamin B6, 30 mg of nicotinamide, 13 mg of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.09 mg of D-biotin, 0.85 mg of folic acid, 10 mg of copper, 80 mg of iron, 50 mg of manganese, and 80 mg of zinc.
[0009] Preferably, the addition ratio of the above-mentioned compound plant extract is 200 - 600 mg / kg of the basic diet.
[0010] More preferably, the addition ratio of the above-mentioned compound plant extract is 400 mg / kg of the basic diet.
[0011] More preferably, the mass ratio of thymol to cinnamaldehyde in the above-mentioned compound plant extract is 2:3.
[0012] The novel feed provided by the present invention can be used in the breeding field, including the breeding of Xiaoshan chickens, etc., and can especially be used to improve the growth performance of Xiaoshan chickens; improve the slaughter performance of Xiaoshan chickens; improve the meat color of Xiaoshan chickens; improve the flavor of Xiaoshan chickens.
[0013] The present invention has the following advantages: The present invention provides a novel feed added with a compound plant extract. After verification, this feed can effectively improve the growth performance of Xiaoshan chickens during feeding, and has a significant effect on improving the serum parameters, slaughter performance, meat quality and meat flavor of Xiaoshan chickens. This novel feed has significant application potential in the field of Xiaoshan chicken breeding. Detailed Embodiments
[0014] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0015] Note: Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods in the following embodiments are all conventional methods, which are carried out according to the technologies or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.
[0016] In the present invention, 100-day-old Xiaoshan chickens are selected as the research object, and a compound plant extract is added to the feed, which contains two extracts, cinnamaldehyde and thymol. The mass ratio of thymol to cinnamaldehyde is 2:3. The production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of Xiaoshan chickens are measured to obtain a new type of feed suitable for Xiaoshan chickens, which has significant application prospects in the field of Xiaoshan chicken breeding, as follows: Experimental Example 1 The composition and nutritional level of the basal diet used in the present invention are shown in Table 1, as follows: Table 1 Composition and nutritional level of basal diet (air-dried basis)
[0017] Note: ① The premix can provide the following per kilogram of diet: vitamin A 9000 IU, vitamin D3 500 IU, vitamin E 20 IU, vitamin K3 1.5 mg, vitamin B1 3 mg, vitamin B6 3 mg, nicotinamide 30 mg, D-calcium pantothenate 13 mg, D-biotin 0.09 mg, folic acid 0.85 mg, copper 10 mg, iron 80 mg, manganese 50 mg, zinc 80 mg. ② The nutritional levels are all calculated values.
[0018] Select 100-day-old healthy Xiaoshan chickens, randomly divide them into 4 groups, with 8 replicates in each group and 12 chickens in each replicate. The control group (BC group) is fed a basal diet without adding a compound plant extract (CPE), and the experimental groups are fed the new type of feed. The new type of feed is obtained by adding 200, 400, and 600 mg / kg of compound plant extract to the basal diet, and are respectively denoted as the CPE200 group, the CPE400 group, and the CPE600 group. The pre-feeding period is 5 d, and the experimental period is 60 d.
[0019] 1. Determination of the effect of the new type of feed on growth performance After the pre-feeding period ended, the chickens were fasted overnight, and the 105-day-old Xiaoshan chicken experimental group was weighed on an empty stomach at 06:00 the next day. At the beginning of the experimental period, the feed intake of each replicate was recorded daily, and the whole group was fasted and weighed on an empty stomach every 15 days (120, 135, 150, 165 days of age), and the ADFI, ADG and feed-to-weight ratio (F / G) were calculated. The measurement method refers to "NYT 823-2020 Nomenclature and Measurement Statistics of Poultry Production Performance".
[0020] After statistics and measurement, the effects of the new feed on the growth performance of Xiaoshan chickens are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that compared with the BC group, the body weight (BW) and ADFI of Xiaoshan chickens in the CPE200, CPE400, and CPE600 groups at different days of age were extremely significantly increased ( P <0.01), and the ADG of the CPE200 group and the CPE400 group at 105-120 days of age, the CPE200 group and the CPE600 group at 150-165 days of age, and the CPE400 group at 120-135 days of age were extremely significantly increased ( P <0.01), and the ADG of the CPE400 group at 135-150 days of age and 150-165 days of age was significantly increased ( P <0.05). Adding the compound plant extract had no significant effect on the F / G of Xiaoshan chickens at each stage ( P >0.05).
[0021] Table 2 Effects of the new feed on the growth performance of Xiaoshan chickens
[0022] Note: The lowercase letters in the same row superscript indicate significant differences ( P <0.05), and the uppercase letters in the superscript indicate extremely significant differences ( P <0.01). The same below.
[0023] 2. Determination of the effects of the new feed on the serum parameters of Xiaoshan chickens Fasting started at 20:00 on the day when the experiment ended. After 12 hours of fasting, 1 Xiaoshan chicken was randomly selected from each replicate, weighed, and then 5 mL of blood was collected from the wing vein and the chicken was slaughtered. After centrifugation at 2,500×g for 15 minutes, the serum was separated, aliquoted into EP tubes, and stored at -80°C for the determination of serum parameters of Xiaoshan chickens. The indexes included total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon γ (γIFN), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT).
[0024] (1) Effects on serum immune indexes of Xiaoshan chickens The results of the effects of the new feed on the serum immune indexes of Xiaoshan chickens are shown in Table 3. It can be seen that compared with the BC group, the contents of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNFα, and IFN-γ in the serum of Xiaoshan chickens in each CPE group were extremely significantly increased ( P <0.01). Among them, the content of ALT in the serum of Xiaoshan chickens in the CPE400 group was extremely significantly increased ( P <0.01), while the contents of TP and GLB in each CPE group were significantly decreased ( P <0.05). Compared with the BC group, there were no significant differences in ALB, IgA, IgG, and IgM in the serum of Xiaoshan chickens in each CPE group ( P >0.05).
[0025] Table 3 Effects of the new feed on the serum immune indexes of Xiaoshan chickens
[0026] (2) Effects on serum antioxidant indexes of Xiaoshan chickens The results of the effects of the new feed on the serum antioxidant indexes of Xiaoshan chickens are shown in Table 4. It can be seen that for the effects of supplementing different doses of compound plant extracts on the serum antioxidant capacity of Xiaoshan chickens, the contents of T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in each experimental group were extremely significantly lower than those in the control group ( P <0.01). The contents of MDA in each experimental group were extremely significantly higher than those in the control group ( P <0.01). Among them, the contents of T-AOC, SOD, and CAT in the CPE400 group were extremely significantly higher than those in the other two experimental groups ( P <0.01).
[0027] Table 4 Effects of the new feed on serum antioxidant indexes of Xiaoshan chickens
[0028] 3. Determination of the effects of the new feed on the slaughter performance of Xiaoshan chickens At 20:00 on the day when the experiment ended, fasting began. After 12 h of fasting, 1 Xiaoshan chicken was randomly selected from each replicate of each group, weighed, blood was collected, and then the slaughter experiment was carried out. The slaughter trait indexes were measured, including live weight before slaughter, carcass weight, eviscerated weight, semi-eviscerated weight, weight of bilateral pectoral muscles, weight of bilateral leg muscles, and abdominal fat weight. And the slaughter rate, eviscerated rate, semi-eviscerated rate, pectoral muscle rate, leg muscle rate, and abdominal fat rate were calculated. The measurement method referred to "NYT 823-2020 Nomenclature and measurement statistical methods for poultry production performance".
[0029] After measurement, the effects of the new feed on the slaughter performance of Xiaoshan chickens are shown in Table 5. It can be seen that supplementing different levels of compound plant extracts has no significant effect on the slaughter rate, eviscerated rate, leg muscle rate, and abdominal fat rate of Xiaoshan chickens ( P (P>0.05)). The semi-eviscerated rate of the CPE400 group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P (P<0.05)), and there was no significant difference in the semi-eviscerated rate between the CPE200 group and the CPE600 group and the control group ( P (P>0.05)). The pectoral muscle rates of the CPE200 group and the CPE400 group were extremely significantly higher than that of the control group ( P (P<0.01)), increasing by 27.57% and 25.25% respectively. The pectoral muscle rate of the CPE600 group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P (P<0.05)), increasing by 18.41%.
[0030] Table 5 Effects of the new feed on the slaughter performance of Xiaoshan chickens
[0031] 4. Determination of the effects of the new feed on the meat quality of Xiaoshan chickens 1 Xiaoshan chicken was randomly selected from each replicate of each group, a total of 32 chickens. The ipsilateral pectoral muscles were collected for meat quality determination. The measurement method referred to "NY / T821-2019 Technical regulations for the determination of pork quality". The meat quality indexes included meat color determination, pH value determination, shear force determination, and drip loss determination.
[0032] The brightness, redness, and yellowness of meat quality are important parameters for evaluating meat quality: brightness indicates the lightness or darkness of meat, and the redness value of fresh meat is higher than that of less fresh meat, meaning the brighter the meat color, the fresher the meat; redness is used to evaluate the oxidation degree and freshness of meat, and the measured redness value of fresh meat is usually higher than that of less fresh meat, and the brighter the red color of the meat, the lower the oxidation degree; the yellowness value indirectly reflects the oxidation state and freshness of meat, and the yellowness value of fresh meat is usually lower. After measurement, the effects of the new feed on the meat quality of Xiaoshan chickens are shown in Table 6. It can be seen that the effects of supplementing different doses of CPE on the meat quality of Xiaoshan chickens are as follows: there are extremely significant differences in the meat color brightness, redness, and yellowness between the CPE400 group and the BC group ( P <0.01), and there are no significant differences in the meat color indexes between the CPE200 group and the CPE600 group and the BC group ( P >0.05). There are no significant differences in the pH value, shear force, and drip loss rate of the meat quality of each experimental group and the control group ( P >0.05).
[0033] Table 6 Effects of the new feed on the meat quality of Xiaoshan chickens
[0034] 5. Determination of the effects of the new feed on the flavor of Xiaoshan chicken Randomly select 1 Xiaoshan chicken from each repetition of each group, a total of 32 chickens. Collect the ipsilateral pectoralis major muscle. Keep 10 g of pectoralis major muscle samples from each chicken at -20 °C for the determination of muscle flavor substances. The indexes of muscle flavor substances include the content of free fatty acids and inosinic acid. The content of free fatty acids is determined by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the content of inosinic acid is determined by an L3000 high-performance liquid chromatograph.
[0035] (1) Effects on the fatty acids of Xiaoshan chicken pectoralis major muscle Fatty acids and inosinic acid are key indexes affecting meat flavor and have a positive effect on muscle flavor. That is to say, the higher the values of these two indexes, the better the meat flavor. After measurement, the effects of the new feed on the fatty acids of Xiaoshan chicken pectoralis major muscle are shown in Table 7. It can be seen that the effects of supplementing different doses of compound plant extracts on the fatty acids of Xiaoshan chicken pectoralis major muscle are as follows: in the CPE400 group, except that the content of γ-linolenic acid is significantly higher than that of the BC group ( P <0.05), and there is no significant difference in the ratio of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids from that of the BC group ( P >0.05), the contents of other fatty acids are extremely significantly higher than those of the BC group ( P <0.01). When comparing the CPE400 group and the CPE600 group, except that the ratio of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the CPE400 group is significantly lower than that in the CPE600 group ( P(<0.05), the content of other fatty acids in the CPE400 group was extremely significantly higher than that in the CPE600 group ( P (<0.01).
[0036] Table 7 Effects of compound plant extracts on fatty acids in breast muscle of Xiaoshan chickens
[0037] Note: ① Saturated fatty acids = caproic acid + myristic acid + palmitic acid + stearic acid. ② Unsaturated fatty acids = palmitoleic acid + oleic acid + linoleic acid + α-linolenic acid + eicosadienoic acid + eicosatrienoic acid + arachidonic acid + docosahexaenoic acid. ③ Polyunsaturated fatty acids = linoleic acid + α-linolenic acid + eicosadienoic acid + eicosatrienoic acid + arachidonic acid + docosahexaenoic acid. ④ Monounsaturated fatty acids = palmitoleic acid + oleic acid.
[0038] (2) Effects on inosinic acid content in breast muscle of Xiaoshan chickens The measurement results are shown in Table 8. It can be seen that the effects of supplementing different doses of compound plant extracts on inosinic acid in the breast muscle of Xiaoshan chickens. The inosinic acid content in the CPE200 and CPE400 groups was extremely significantly higher than that in the control group ( P (<0.01), and the inosinic acid content in the CPE400 group was extremely significantly higher than that in the CPE200 and CPE600 groups ( P (<0.01).
[0039] Table 8 Effects of compound plant extracts on inosinic acid content in breast muscle of Xiaoshan chickens
[0040] In summary, the new feed added with compound plant extracts can effectively promote the growth of Xiaoshan chickens after feeding, making the weight gain of Xiaoshan chickens more ideal during the breeding period. This may benefit from the optimization of multiple links such as the nutritional absorption, digestion efficiency, or body metabolism regulation of the extracts in chickens. From the perspective of slaughter performance, the significant increase in breast muscle rate means that more high-quality breast muscle tissues can be obtained at the same feeding cost. At the same time, in the key indicators of meat quality, the meat color has been improved, which not only makes the Xiaoshan chicken meat more attractive in appearance, meeting the visual preference of consumers for bright-colored meat products and directly enhancing its market competitiveness; more importantly, the increase in the content of fatty acids and inosinic acid brings a qualitative leap to the flavor of Xiaoshan chicken meat. The optimization of fatty acid composition enriches the flavor levels of the meat, and inosinic acid, as an important flavor nucleotide, greatly enhances the deliciousness of the meat. It can be seen that the new feed provided by the present invention has significant application prospects and economic value in the breeding field, especially in the breeding field of Xiaoshan chickens.
[0041] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be recognized that the above description should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. After those skilled in the art have read the above content, various modifications and alternatives to the present invention will be obvious. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A novel feed added with a composite plant extract, characterized in that, The novel feed comprises a basic diet and a compound plant extract, and the compound plant extract is thymol and cinnamaldehyde.
2. The novel feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic diet comprises, by weight percentage, 69% of corn, 21% of soybean meal, 2.2% of limestone powder, 2.8% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.35% of sodium chloride, and 4.7% of premix; the premix provides, per kilogram of the diet: 9000 IU of vitamin A, 500 IU of vitamin D3, 20 IU of vitamin E, 1.5 mg of vitamin K3, 3 mg of vitamin B1, 3 mg of vitamin B6, 30 mg of nicotinamide, 13 mg of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.09 mg of D-biotin, 0.85 mg of folic acid, 10 mg of copper, 80 mg of iron, 50 mg of manganese, and 80 mg of zinc.
3. The novel feed according to claim 1, wherein The addition ratio of the compound plant extract is 200 - 600 mg / kg of the basic diet.
4. The novel feed according to claim 3, wherein The addition ratio of the compound plant extract is 400 mg / kg of the basic diet.
5. The novel feed according to claim 4, wherein The mass ratio of thymol to cinnamaldehyde in the compound plant extract is 2:
3.
6. Use of the novel feed according to any one of claims 1 - 5 in the field of aquaculture.
7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that The aquaculture includes the aquaculture of Xiaoshan chickens.
8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The use includes: Improving the growth performance of Xiaoshan chickens; Improving the slaughter performance of Xiaoshan chickens; Improving the meat color of Xiaoshan chickens; Improving the flavor of Xiaoshan chickens.