Preparation method of slow-release acid-control premix for cattle and sheep feed production

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, and discloses a preparation method of a slow-release acid-control premix for cattle and sheep feed production, the premix is prepared by fully mixing a plurality of micronutrients with a carrier according to a specific proportion, and the premix comprises the following components: vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B and the like; for example, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine and the like; an enzyme preparation, such as cellulase, amylase, phytase; probiotics and saccharomycetes; buffer agents: calcium formate and magnesium oxide; an antioxidant, such as ethoxyquin, BHT; and a mildew inhibitor such as potassium acid calcium. According to the preparation method of the slow-release acid-control premix produced by the cattle and sheep feed, through the acid-control additive, a suitable environment for rumen microorganisms is maintained, nutrient absorption is promoted, acidosis is prevented, subclinical or acute rumen acidosis caused by too high acid load is prevented, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved; the feed conversion rate is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry, and in particular to a method for preparing a slow-release acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production. Background Art

[0002] Cattle and sheep are typical ruminants, whose digestive systems rely primarily on the fermentation function of rumen microorganisms. The ideal rumen pH is typically between 6.0 and 7.0. When rumen acidity is too high (i.e., the pH is low), it can lead to the following problems: excessive accumulation of lactic acid or volatile fatty acids (such as acetic acid and propionic acid) can cause acidosis, endangering animal health; the low pH environment inhibits the activity of fiber-degrading bacteria, thereby reducing crude fiber utilization; and the acidic environment affects the animal's appetite, reducing dry matter intake.

[0003] Additives are used to control acid, and the additives include carbonates (calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, which can directly neutralize acid), organic acids (citric acid, malic acid, used to regulate the acidic environment in the rumen), biological regulators (yeast or its metabolites, which regulate the microecological balance and indirectly control acid) and natural buffers (seaweed powder, shell powder, which stabilize the rumen pH through a slow-release mechanism). When the feed is too acidic, the following problems will occur: when the proportion of concentrate in the diet is high, it is easy to ferment quickly to produce a large amount of volatile fatty acids. Excessive single feeding will increase the acid load. Failure to add buffers or acid-control substances will cause the rumen pH to be unstable, and then it needs to be acid-controlled. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a slow-release acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for preparing a slow-release acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Preparation of sustained-release acid-controlled premix

[0007] Premix, as a concentrated feed additive, is made by fully mixing multiple micronutrients with a carrier in a specific ratio. Its composition is as follows:

[0008] Micronutrients: (1) Vitamins: such as vitamin A, D, E, B vitamins, etc.; (2) Trace elements: such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine, etc.;

[0009] Functional additives: (1) Enzyme preparations: such as cellulase, amylase, phytase; (2) Probiotics and yeasts; (3) Buffers: calcium formate, magnesium oxide; (4) Antioxidants: such as ethoxyquinoline (EQ), BHT; Antifungal agents: such as calcium potassium;

[0010] Vitamins play an indispensable role in physiological processes such as animal growth and development, metabolism, and immune regulation. For example, vitamin A is crucial for animal vision and the health of epithelial tissues, B vitamins are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and trace elements are of great significance for maintaining normal physiological functions in animals. For instance, iron is an important component of hemoglobin and participates in oxygen transport; zinc plays a key role in animal growth, reproduction, and immune function;

[0011] Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, as well as yeasts, can regulate the microecological balance of the animal intestine, enhance the intestinal barrier function, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, improve the animal's immunity, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and buffers play a buffering role in the animal gastrointestinal tract, maintaining an appropriate pH value in the gastrointestinal tract, ensuring the activity of digestive enzymes, and being beneficial to the digestion and absorption of feed. Especially in the breeding of ruminants, it is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the rumen internal environment;

[0012] Calcium carbonate is selected as the carrier. Calcium carbonate has good chemical stability, with appropriate particle size and fluidity, and can evenly carry various micronutrients and functional additives, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the premix during mixing, storage, and use, and helping various components play better roles in the animal body;

[0013] S2. Raw material selection

[0014] (1) Quality stability: The raw materials must be free from mildew, pollution, and have good fluidity;

[0015] (2) Compatibility taboos: Avoid the simultaneous presence of components that are prone to reaction. For example, some minerals and vitamins may become ineffective under high temperature and high humidity conditions;

[0016] (3) Uniform particles: Select raw materials with smaller and uniform particle sizes to ensure uniform distribution of components after mixing;

[0017] The quality stability of the premix is of utmost importance. This requires that the raw materials used should show no signs of mildew, be free from any pollution, and have good fluidity. Raw materials without mildew and pollution are the basis for ensuring the quality of the premix, which can effectively prevent the introduction of harmful microorganisms or toxins due to raw material deterioration, thereby affecting animal health and the nutritional value of the feed. Good fluidity is conducive to the accurate metering and uniform mixing of raw materials during production, avoiding uneven mixing caused by poor fluidity of raw materials, and ensuring the quality consistency and stability of each batch of premix;

[0018] The production of premixes requires full consideration of incompatibility issues. It is imperative to avoid the coexistence of reactive ingredients in the same product. For example, certain minerals and vitamins can react chemically when stored or used in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, reducing the activity of the vitamins or even rendering them ineffective, thus seriously affecting the efficacy of the premix.

[0019] To achieve uniform distribution of premix ingredients, raw materials with smaller and more uniform particle sizes should be preferred. Smaller particle sizes can increase the contact area between raw materials, making the mixing process more complete. Uniform particle sizes also help the raw materials follow similar motion paths when the mixing equipment is running, avoiding stratification or agglomeration caused by large particle size differences.

[0020] S3. Equipment Preparation

[0021] (1) Mixing equipment: Commonly used equipment includes horizontal mixers, twin-shaft paddle mixers, etc., which require high mixing uniformity (coefficient of variation CV ≤ 5%);

[0022] (2) Measuring equipment: high-precision electronic scales to ensure accurate weighing of raw materials;

[0023] (3) Crushing equipment: If the carrier particles are large, they need to be crushed first;

[0024] In the premix production process, the performance of the mixing equipment plays a key role in product quality. Horizontal mixers and twin-shaft paddle mixers are widely used. Horizontal mixers, with their unique structural design, enable materials to achieve all-round tumbling and convection within the mixing chamber, thereby achieving efficient mixing. Twin-shaft paddle mixers use two shafts with special blades rotating in opposite directions to produce a strong stirring action, quickly and evenly mixing materials.

[0025] Accurate raw material measurement is the foundation of high-quality premix production. Therefore, high-precision electronic scales are required for raw material weighing. These scales have extremely high sensitivity and accuracy, and can accurately measure the weight of various raw materials with minimal error. From micronutrients to carriers, the precise weighing of each raw material is directly related to the accuracy and consistency of the premix formula.

[0026] When the carrier particles are large in size, in order to meet the premix's requirements for raw material particle size, they need to be pre-processed with the help of crushing equipment. For example, crushing equipment such as hammer crushers and jaw crushers can crush large particles of carriers into smaller particles that meet production requirements based on the carrier's physical properties.

[0027] S4. Raw material weighing and mixing

[0028] 1. Formulation design

[0029] According to the animal species, production stage and nutritional requirements, a suitable premix formula should be designed. For example, when laying hens are laying eggs, vitamin D3 and calcium are extremely crucial for egg production quality, and their premix should focus on supplementing these two substances; in beef cattle breeding, trace elements and energy regulation play a significant role in growth and fattening, and beef cattle premix should focus on these aspects;

[0030] 2. Raw material weighing

[0031] Weigh each raw material accurately according to the formula ratio to ensure the accurate dosage of additives and carriers; the proportion of additives (vitamins, trace elements) is usually low, and the accuracy requirement is high;

[0032] Strictly weigh various raw materials according to the formula ratio to ensure the correct dosage of additives and carriers. Additives such as vitamins and trace elements have a low proportion in the premix, but the weighing accuracy requirement is high. Even a slight deviation may affect the quality of the premix;

[0033] 3. Mixing sequence

[0034] (1) Step-by-step mixing: First, mix the trace components and a part of the carrier (premixing); then mix with the remaining carrier and other components (main mixing);

[0035] (2) Mixing time: According to the requirements of the mixing equipment, it is generally 3 - 8 minutes; too long time is easy to cause stratification, and too short time will affect the uniformity;

[0036] Adopt the step-by-step mixing method: First, premix the trace components with part of the carrier to initially disperse the trace components; then main mix the premix with the remaining carrier and other components. The mixing time is generally 3 - 8 minutes according to the equipment requirements. If the time is too long, the materials are easy to stratify; if the time is too short, the mixing uniformity is not enough;

[0037] S5. Raw material screening and storage

[0038] 2. Screening after mixing

[0039] After the mixing process is completed, the materials need to be screened to remove the particles that are not fully mixed and the caked parts to ensure the uniformity of the finished product;

[0040] 2. Packaging and storage

[0041] (1) Use moisture-proof and antioxidant packaging materials for sealed storage;

[0042] (2) Mark the product batch number, production date and expiration date;

[0043] (3) Storage environment requirements: dry, cool, avoid direct sunlight and high temperature;

[0044] Select packaging materials with good moisture-proof and anti-oxidation properties to seal-pack the premix. The product batch number, production date, and expiration date should be clearly marked on the packaging. The storage environment should be kept dry and cool, avoiding direct sunlight and high-temperature environments.

[0045] Preferably, in the above step S1, the cellulase can decompose cellulose in the feed, improving the digestion and utilization rate of the feed; the amylase can promote the hydrolysis of starch into glucose, enhancing the absorption of carbohydrates by animals; the phytase can degrade phytic acid, release phosphorus, improve the utilization rate of phosphorus, and at the same time reduce the phosphorus emission in feces, reducing environmental pollution.

[0046] Preferably, in the above step S1, the antioxidant functions to prevent the oxidation and deterioration of components such as fat and vitamins in the feed, extending the shelf life of the feed, and at the same time reducing the damage of oxidation products to the animal body, ensuring animal health. The mold inhibitor can inhibit the growth and reproduction of molds in the feed, prevent the feed from mildewing and deteriorating, avoid the generation of mycotoxins, ensure the safety and quality of the feed, and reduce the health risks caused by animals eating moldy feed.

[0047] Preferably, in the above step S2, during the formula design and production process, it is necessary to scientifically and reasonably plan the formula based on the chemical properties of each component, strictly screen and match the raw materials, and minimize the quality risks caused by improper compatibility by optimizing process conditions such as controlling the temperature and humidity of the production environment, ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the premix during storage and use.

[0048] Preferably, in the above step S2, by using raw materials with appropriate and uniform particle sizes and combining efficient mixing processes and equipment, it can ensure that various components in the premix after mixing are evenly dispersed, enabling animals to ingest balanced nutrition and additives in each mouthful of feed during the feeding process, fully exerting the role of the premix, and improving the use effect of the feed and the breeding efficiency.

[0049] Preferably, in the above step S3, the high-precision electronic scale can not only ensure the accurate addition amount of raw materials during each production, but also provide reliable data support for quality control during the production process, strongly guaranteeing the stability and reliability of the premix product quality.

[0050] Preferably, in the above step S3, the carrier after being pulverized can better mix with other raw materials, increase the contact area between materials, improve the mixing uniformity, make the premix more easily absorbed and utilized in the animal body, fully exert its due role, and improve the quality and use effect of the premix product.

[0051] Preferably, in the above step S3, all mixing equipment should have extremely high mixing uniformity to ensure the precise distribution of each component in the premix. Generally, the coefficient of variation CV of the mixing uniformity is required to be ≤5%. Such a strict standard can ensure that in each portion of the premix, whether it is micronutrients or functional additives, they can be evenly dispersed, providing stable and balanced nutritional supplements for animals.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing a slow-release acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production, having the following beneficial effects:

[0053] 1. For the method for preparing a slow-release acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production, by designing a reasonable formula based on animal species, production stages, and nutritional requirements, the premix can provide precisely matched nutrition for animals. For example, the premix for laying hens specifically supplements vitamin D3 and calcium to ensure the bone health of laying hens and the eggshell quality, improving the egg production rate and egg quality; the premix for beef cattle focuses on trace element and energy regulation to promote the rapid growth of beef cattle, improve the meat quality, and significantly enhance the breeding economic benefits. The functional additives in the premix, such as probiotics, yeasts, and certain vitamins and trace elements, help regulate the intestinal microecological balance of animals, enhance the intestinal barrier function, stimulate the development and function of the animal immune system, reduce the occurrence of diseases, lower the medical costs during the breeding process, and ensure the healthy growth of animals.

[0054] 2. For the method for preparing a slow-release acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production, a high-precision electronic scale is used for raw material weighing to ensure accurate dosage; a reasonable mixing sequence and appropriate mixing time, combined with advanced mixing equipment, achieve efficient and uniform mixing; screening removes unmixed particles and lumps to ensure the stable quality of the finished product. The entire production process is efficient and orderly, reducing raw material waste, improving production efficiency, and lowering production costs. From strictly controlling the quality of raw material selection to precisely controlling the uniformity, temperature, and humidity during the production process, and then to the detection of the nutritional components of the finished product, the quality of the premix is guaranteed in all aspects. Using moisture-proof and anti-oxidation packaging materials and appropriate storage conditions to prevent product deterioration and ensure stable quality within the shelf life, providing reliable products for farmers and enhancing brand reputation and market competitiveness.

[0055] 3. For the method for preparing a slow-release acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production, through acid-controlled additives, it maintains a suitable environment for rumen microorganisms, promotes nutrient absorption, and prevents acidosis: preventing subclinical or acute rumen acidosis caused by excessive acid load, improving feed utilization rate: the stability of rumen pH helps optimize the decomposition of crude fiber and improve feed conversion rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these drawings:

[0057] Figure 1 Flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0058] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0060] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0061] Embodiment 1

[0062] Combined with Figure 1 , a preparation method of a slow-release and acid-controlled premix for the production of cattle and sheep feed includes the following steps:

[0063] S1. Preparation of slow-release and acid-controlled premix

[0064] The premix, as a concentrated feed additive, is made by fully mixing various micronutrients with a carrier in a specific proportion. Its component composition is as follows:

[0065] Micronutrients: (1) Vitamins: such as vitamins A, D, E, B vitamins, etc.; (2) Trace elements: such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine, etc.;

[0066] Functional additives: (1) Enzyme preparations: such as cellulase, amylase, phytase; (2) Probiotics and yeasts; (3) Buffering agents: calcium formate, magnesium oxide; (4) Antioxidants: such as ethoxyquinoline (EQ), BHT; Mold inhibitors: such as calcium potassium formate;

[0067] Vitamins play an indispensable role in physiological processes such as animal growth and development, metabolism, and immune regulation. For example, vitamin A is crucial for animal vision and the health of epithelial tissues, B vitamins are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and trace elements are of great significance for maintaining normal physiological functions in animals. For instance, iron is an important component of hemoglobin and participates in oxygen transport; zinc plays a key role in animal growth, reproduction, and immune function;

[0068] Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, as well as yeasts, can regulate the microecological balance of the animal intestine, enhance the intestinal barrier function, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, improve the animal's immunity, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and buffers play a buffering role in the animal gastrointestinal tract, maintaining an appropriate pH value in the gastrointestinal tract, ensuring the activity of digestive enzymes, and being beneficial to the digestion and absorption of feed. Especially in the breeding of ruminants, it is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the rumen environment;

[0069] Calcium carbonate is selected as the carrier. Calcium carbonate has good chemical stability, suitable particle size and fluidity, can evenly carry various micronutrients and functional additives, ensure the uniformity and stability of the premix during mixing, storage, and use, and help various components play better roles in the animal body;

[0070] S2. Raw material selection

[0071] (1) Stable quality: The raw materials must be free from mildew, pollution, and have good fluidity;

[0072] (2) Compatibility taboos: Avoid the coexistence of components that are prone to reaction. For example, some minerals and vitamins may become ineffective under high temperature and high humidity conditions;

[0073] (3) Uniform particles: Select raw materials with smaller and uniform particle sizes to ensure uniform distribution of components after mixing;

[0074] The stable quality of the premix is of utmost importance. This requires that the raw materials used should show no signs of mildew, be free from any pollution, and have good fluidity. Raw materials without mildew and pollution are the basis for ensuring the quality of the premix, which can effectively prevent the introduction of harmful microorganisms or toxins due to raw material deterioration, thereby affecting animal health and the nutritional value of the feed. Good fluidity is conducive to the accurate measurement and uniform mixing of raw materials during production, avoiding uneven mixing caused by poor fluidity of raw materials, and ensuring the quality consistency and stability of each batch of premix;

[0075] The production of premixes requires full consideration of incompatibility issues. It is imperative to avoid the coexistence of reactive ingredients in the same product. For example, certain minerals and vitamins can react chemically when stored or used in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, reducing the activity of the vitamins or even rendering them ineffective, thus seriously affecting the efficacy of the premix.

[0076] To achieve uniform distribution of premix ingredients, raw materials with smaller and more uniform particle sizes should be preferred. Smaller particle sizes can increase the contact area between raw materials, making the mixing process more complete. Uniform particle sizes also help the raw materials follow similar motion paths when the mixing equipment is running, avoiding stratification or agglomeration caused by large particle size differences.

[0077] S3. Equipment Preparation

[0078] (1) Mixing equipment: Commonly used equipment includes horizontal mixers, twin-shaft paddle mixers, etc., which require high mixing uniformity (coefficient of variation CV ≤ 5%);

[0079] (2) Measuring equipment: high-precision electronic scales to ensure accurate weighing of raw materials;

[0080] (3) Crushing equipment: If the carrier particles are large, they need to be crushed first;

[0081] In the premix production process, the performance of the mixing equipment plays a key role in product quality. Horizontal mixers and twin-shaft paddle mixers are widely used. Horizontal mixers, with their unique structural design, enable materials to achieve all-round tumbling and convection within the mixing chamber, thereby achieving efficient mixing. Twin-shaft paddle mixers use two shafts with special blades rotating in opposite directions to produce a strong stirring action, quickly and evenly mixing materials.

[0082] Accurate raw material measurement is the foundation of high-quality premix production. Therefore, high-precision electronic scales are required for raw material weighing. These scales have extremely high sensitivity and accuracy, and can accurately measure the weight of various raw materials with minimal error. From micronutrients to carriers, the precise weighing of each raw material is directly related to the accuracy and consistency of the premix formula.

[0083] When the carrier particles are large in size, in order to meet the premix's requirements for raw material particle size, they need to be pre-processed with the help of crushing equipment. For example, crushing equipment such as hammer crushers and jaw crushers can crush large particles of carriers into smaller particles that meet production requirements based on the carrier's physical properties.

[0084] S4. Raw material weighing and mixing

[0085] 1. Formulation design

[0086] According to the animal species, production stage and nutritional requirements, design a suitable premix formula. For example, when laying hens are laying eggs, vitamin D3 and calcium are extremely crucial for egg production quality, and their premix needs to focus on supplementing these two substances; in beef cattle breeding, trace elements and energy regulation play a significant role in growth and fattening, and beef cattle premix should focus on these aspects;

[0087] 2. Raw material weighing

[0088] Accurately weigh each raw material according to the formula ratio to ensure the accurate dosage of additives and carriers; the proportion of additives (vitamins, trace elements) is usually low, and the accuracy requirement is high;

[0089] Strictly weigh various raw materials according to the formula ratio to ensure the correct dosage of additives and carriers. Additives such as vitamins and trace elements have a low proportion in the premix, but the weighing accuracy requirement is high, and even a slight deviation may affect the quality of the premix;

[0090] 3. Mixing sequence

[0091] (1) Step-by-step mixing: First, mix the trace components and a part of the carrier (premixing); then mix with the remaining carrier and other components (main mixing);

[0092] (2) Mixing time: According to the requirements of the mixing equipment, it is generally 3 - 8 minutes; too long a time is likely to cause stratification, and too short a time will affect the uniformity;

[0093] Adopt the step-by-step mixing method: First, premix the trace components with a part of the carrier to initially disperse the trace components; then main mix the premix with the remaining carrier and other components. The mixing time is according to the equipment requirements, generally 3 - 8 minutes. If the time is too long, the materials are prone to stratification; if the time is too short, the mixing uniformity is insufficient;

[0094] S5. Raw material screening and storage

[0095] 3. Screening after mixing

[0096] After the mixing process is completed, it is necessary to screen the materials to remove the particles that are not fully mixed and the caked parts to ensure the uniformity of the finished product;

[0097] 2. Packaging and storage

[0098] (1) Use moisture-proof and antioxidant packaging materials for sealed storage;

[0099] (2) Mark the product batch number, production date and expiration date;

[0100] (3) Storage environment requirements: Dry, cool, avoid direct sunlight and high temperature;

[0101] Select packaging materials with good moisture-proof and anti-oxidation properties, and seal the premix. The product batch number, production date, and expiration date should be clearly marked on the packaging. The storage environment should be kept dry and cool, avoiding direct sunlight and high-temperature environments.

[0102] Example 2

[0103] Refer to Figure 1 , and on the basis of Example 1, a method for preparing a slow-release and acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production is further obtained, including the following steps:

[0104] S1. Production of slow-release and acid-controlled premix

[0105] The premix, as a concentrated feed additive, is made by fully mixing various micronutrients with a carrier in a specific proportion, and its composition is as follows:

[0106] Micronutrients: (1) Vitamins: such as vitamins A, D, E, B vitamins, etc.; (2) Trace elements: such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine, etc.

[0107] Functional additives: (1) Enzyme preparations: such as cellulase, amylase, phytase; (2) Probiotics and yeasts; (3) Buffering agents: calcium formate, magnesium oxide; (4) Antioxidants: such as ethoxyquinoline (EQ), BHT; Mold inhibitors: such as calcium potassium formate.

[0108] Vitamins play an indispensable role in physiological processes such as animal growth and development, metabolism, and immune regulation. For example, vitamin A is crucial for animal vision and epithelial tissue health, and B vitamins are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Trace elements are of great significance for maintaining normal physiological functions of animals. For example, iron is an important component of hemoglobin and participates in oxygen transport; zinc plays a key role in animal growth, reproduction, and immune function.

[0109] Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, as well as yeasts, can regulate the microecological balance of the animal intestine, enhance the intestinal barrier function, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and also improve the animal's immunity and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Buffering agents play a buffering role in the animal gastrointestinal tract, maintaining an appropriate pH value in the gastrointestinal tract, ensuring the activity of digestive enzymes, and being beneficial to the digestion and absorption of feed. Especially in the breeding of ruminants, it is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the rumen environment.

[0110] Calcium carbonate is selected as the carrier. Calcium carbonate has good chemical stability, and its particle size and fluidity are appropriate, which can evenly carry various micronutrients and functional additives, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the premix during mixing, storage, and use, and helping various components play better roles in the animal body.

[0111] S2. Raw Material Selection

[0112] (1) Stable quality: The raw materials must be free from mildew, pollution, and have good fluidity;

[0113] (2) Compatibility taboos: Avoid the simultaneous presence of components that are prone to reaction. For example, some minerals and vitamins may become ineffective under high temperature and high humidity conditions;

[0114] (3) Uniform particles: Select raw materials with smaller and uniform particle sizes to ensure uniform distribution of components after mixing;

[0115] The stable quality of the premix is of crucial importance. This requires that the raw materials used should show no signs of mildew, be free from any pollution, and have good fluidity. Raw materials without mildew and pollution are the basis for ensuring the quality of the premix, which can effectively prevent the introduction of harmful microorganisms or toxins due to raw material deterioration, thereby affecting animal health and the nutritional value of the feed. Good fluidity is conducive to the accurate metering and uniform mixing of raw materials during the production process, avoiding uneven mixing caused by poor fluidity of raw materials, and ensuring the quality consistency and stability of each batch of premix;

[0116] When producing premixes, full consideration should be given to compatibility taboos. It is necessary to avoid the simultaneous presence of components that are prone to reaction in the same product. Taking some minerals and vitamins as an example, under high temperature and high humidity storage or use environments, chemical reactions may occur between them, resulting in a decrease or even loss of the activity of vitamins, thus seriously affecting the efficacy of the premix;

[0117] To achieve uniform distribution of premix components, raw materials with smaller and uniform particle sizes should be preferred. Smaller particle sizes can increase the contact area between raw materials, making the mixing process more thorough, and uniform particle sizes help each raw material follow similar movement trajectories during the operation of the mixing equipment, avoiding layering or agglomeration phenomena caused by too large particle size differences;

[0118] S3. Equipment Preparation

[0119] (1) Mixing equipment: Common equipment includes horizontal mixers, double-shaft paddle mixers, etc., and requires a high mixing uniformity (coefficient of variation CV ≤ 5%);

[0120] (2) Metering equipment: High-precision electronic scales to ensure accurate weighing of raw materials;

[0121] (3) Crushing equipment: If the carrier particles are large, they need to be crushed first;

[0122] In the premix production process, the performance of the mixing equipment plays a key role in product quality. Horizontal mixers and twin-shaft paddle mixers are widely used. Horizontal mixers, with their unique structural design, enable materials to achieve all-round tumbling and convection within the mixing chamber, thereby achieving efficient mixing. Twin-shaft paddle mixers use two shafts with special blades rotating in opposite directions to produce a strong stirring action, quickly and evenly mixing materials.

[0123] Accurate raw material measurement is the foundation of high-quality premix production. Therefore, high-precision electronic scales are required for raw material weighing. These scales have extremely high sensitivity and accuracy, and can accurately measure the weight of various raw materials with minimal error. From micronutrients to carriers, the precise weighing of each raw material is directly related to the accuracy and consistency of the premix formula.

[0124] When the carrier particles are large in size, in order to meet the premix's requirements for raw material particle size, they need to be pre-processed with the help of crushing equipment. For example, crushing equipment such as hammer crushers and jaw crushers can crush large particles of carriers into smaller particles that meet production requirements based on the carrier's physical properties.

[0125] S4. Raw material weighing and mixing

[0126] 1. Formulation design

[0127] The appropriate premix formula should be designed based on the animal species, production stage, and nutritional needs. For example, when laying hens are laying eggs, vitamin D3 and calcium are extremely critical to egg quality, so their premix should focus on supplementing these two. In beef cattle farming, trace elements and energy regulation play a significant role in growth and fattening, so beef cattle premixes must focus on these aspects.

[0128] 2. Raw material weighing

[0129] Accurately weigh each raw material according to the formula ratio to ensure the accurate amount of additives and carriers; additives (vitamins, trace elements) usually account for a relatively low proportion, so high accuracy is required;

[0130] Strictly follow the formula ratio and accurately weigh all kinds of raw materials to ensure the correct amount of additives and carriers. Additives such as vitamins and trace elements account for a small proportion in the premix, but the weighing accuracy is high. Any deviation may affect the quality of the premix.

[0131] 3. Mixing order

[0132] (1) Stepwise mixing: first mix the trace ingredients and a portion of the carrier (premix); then mix with the remaining carrier and other ingredients (main mix);

[0133] (2) Mixing time: Generally 3 - 8 minutes according to the requirements of the mixing equipment; too long a time is likely to cause stratification, and too short a time will affect uniformity;

[0134] Adopt the step - by - step mixing method: First, premix the trace components with part of the carrier to initially disperse the trace components; then main - mix the premix with the remaining carrier and other components. The mixing time is generally 3 - 8 minutes according to the equipment requirements. If the time is too long, the materials are prone to stratification; if the time is too short, the mixing uniformity is insufficient;

[0135] S5. Screening and storage of raw materials

[0136] 4. Screening after mixing

[0137] After the mixing process is completed, it is necessary to screen the materials to remove the particles that are not fully mixed and the caked parts to ensure the uniformity of the finished product;

[0138] 2. Packaging and storage

[0139] (1) Use moisture - proof and antioxidant packaging materials and store them sealed;

[0140] (2) Mark the product batch number, production date and expiration date;

[0141] (3) Storage environment requirements: Dry, cool, avoid direct sunlight and high temperature;

[0142] Select packaging materials with good moisture - proof and antioxidant properties, seal - pack the premix, clearly mark the product batch number, production date and expiration date on the package. The storage environment should be kept dry and cool, avoiding direct sunlight and high - temperature environment.

[0143] In the above - mentioned step S1, the cellulase can decompose the cellulose in the feed, improving the digestion and utilization rate of the feed; the amylase can promote the hydrolysis of starch into glucose, enhancing the animal's absorption of carbohydrates; the phytase can degrade phytic acid, release phosphorus, improve the utilization rate of phosphorus, and at the same time reduce the phosphorus emission in feces, reducing environmental pollution. In the above - mentioned step S1, the antioxidant can prevent the oxidation and deterioration of components such as fat and vitamins in the feed, extend the shelf life of the feed, and at the same time reduce the damage of oxidation products to the animal body, ensuring animal health. The mildew inhibitor can inhibit the growth and reproduction of molds in the feed, prevent the feed from mildewing and deteriorating, avoid the generation of mycotoxins, ensure the safety and quality of the feed, and reduce the health risks caused by animals eating mildewed feed;

[0144] In the above step S2, during the formulation design and production process, it is necessary to scientifically and rationally plan the formulation based on the chemical properties of each component, strictly screen and match the raw materials, and optimize process conditions, such as controlling the temperature and humidity of the production environment, to minimize quality risks caused by improper compatibility and ensure the stability and effectiveness of the premix during storage and use. In the above step S2, by using raw materials with appropriate and uniform particle sizes and combining efficient mixing processes and equipment, it is possible to ensure that the various components in the premix after mixing are evenly dispersed, so that the animals can ingest balanced nutrition and additives in every bite of feed during the feeding process, fully exert the role of the premix, and improve the use effect of the feed and the breeding efficiency;

[0145] The high-precision electronic scale in the above step S3 can not only ensure the accurate amount of raw material added during each production, but also provide reliable data support for quality control in the production process, effectively ensuring the stability and reliability of the quality of the premix product. The carrier that has been crushed in the above step S3 can be better mixed with other raw materials, increase the contact area between materials, and improve the mixing uniformity, so that the premix is easier to be absorbed and utilized in the animal body, give full play to its due role, and improve the quality and use effect of the premix product. The mixing equipment in the above step S3 must have extremely high mixing uniformity to ensure the precise distribution of each component in the premix. The coefficient of variation CV of the mixing uniformity is usually required to be ≤5%. Such a strict standard can ensure that in each premix, whether it is trace nutrients or functional additives, they can be evenly dispersed, providing stable and balanced nutritional supplements for animals.

[0146] Note:

[0147] (1) The degree of mixing uniformity has a significant impact on product quality. Mixed samples must be inspected regularly to ensure that uniformity meets standards.

[0148] (2) Avoid high temperature and humid environment during production to prevent inactivation of vitamins and enzymes;

[0149] (3) Clean mixing equipment promptly to prevent cross contamination between different premixes;

[0150] (4) After the finished product is produced, the nutritional ingredients must be tested to ensure that they are consistent with the formula.

[0151] Steps to take when problems arise:

[0152] (1) Stratification problem: the raw material particle size is inconsistent and the density is different;

[0153] Solution: Select a carrier with suitable particle size and density, and appropriately extend the mixing time;

[0154] (2) Loss of nutrients: High temperature and high humidity cause degradation of vitamins and enzymes;

[0155] Solutions: Improve storage conditions and use heat-resistant and storage-resistant additives;

[0156] (3) Dust pollution: Excessive dust is generated from trace element and vitamin raw materials;

[0157] Solutions: Install dust removal devices and strengthen ventilation in the production workshop.

[0158] Application of intelligent monitoring system: With the help of intelligent pH meters, automatically adjust the dosage of acid control agents according to real-time data;

[0159] Application of combined acid control technology: Comprehensively use buffers, organic acids, and probiotics to build a multi-level acid control plan.

[0160] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a slow-release and acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production, comprising the following steps: S1. Production of the slow-release and acid-controlled premix The premix, as a concentrated feed additive, is prepared by fully mixing a variety of micronutrients with a carrier in a specific proportion, and its composition is as follows: Micronutrients: (1) Vitamins: such as vitamin A, D, E, B vitamins, etc.; (2) Trace elements: such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine, etc.; Functional additives: (1) Enzyme preparations: such as cellulase, amylase, phytase; (2) Probiotics and yeasts; (3) Buffering agents: calcium formate, magnesium oxide; (4) Antioxidants: such as ethoxyquinoline (EQ), BHT; Mold inhibitors: such as calcium potassium formate; Vitamins play an indispensable role in physiological processes such as animal growth and development, metabolism, and immune regulation. For example, vitamin A is crucial for animal vision and epithelial tissue health, and B vitamins are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Trace elements are of great significance for maintaining normal physiological functions of animals. For example, iron is an important component of hemoglobin and participates in oxygen transport; zinc plays a key role in animal growth, reproduction, and immune function; Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, as well as yeasts, can regulate the microecological balance of the animal intestine, enhance the intestinal barrier function, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and also improve the animal's immunity and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Buffering agents play a buffering role in the animal gastrointestinal tract, maintaining an appropriate pH value in the gastrointestinal tract, ensuring the activity of digestive enzymes, and being beneficial to the digestion and absorption of feed. Especially in the breeding of ruminants, it is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the rumen environment; Calcium carbonate is selected as the carrier. Calcium carbonate has good chemical stability, and its particle size and fluidity are appropriate, which can evenly carry various micronutrients and functional additives, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the premix during mixing, storage, and use, and helping various components to play better roles in the animal body; S2. Raw material selection (1) Stable quality: The raw materials must be free of mildew, pollution, and have good fluidity; (2) Compatibility taboos: Avoid the simultaneous presence of components that are prone to reaction. For example, some minerals and vitamins may become ineffective under high temperature and high humidity conditions; (3) Uniform particles: Select raw materials with smaller and uniform particle sizes to ensure uniform distribution of components after mixing; The stable quality of the premix is of crucial importance. This requires that the raw materials used should show no signs of mildew, be free of any pollution, and have good fluidity. Raw materials free of mildew and pollution are the basis for ensuring the quality of the premix, which can effectively prevent the introduction of harmful microorganisms or toxins due to raw material deterioration, thereby affecting animal health and the nutritional value of the feed. Good fluidity is conducive to the accurate measurement and uniform mixing of raw materials during the production process, avoiding uneven mixing caused by poor fluidity of raw materials, and ensuring the quality consistency and stability of each batch of premix; The production of premixes requires full consideration of incompatibility issues. It is imperative to avoid the coexistence of reactive ingredients in the same product. For example, certain minerals and vitamins can react chemically when stored or used in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, reducing the activity of the vitamins or even rendering them ineffective, thus seriously affecting the efficacy of the premix. To achieve uniform distribution of premix ingredients, raw materials with smaller and more uniform particle sizes should be preferred. Smaller particle sizes can increase the contact area between raw materials, making the mixing process more complete. Uniform particle sizes also help the raw materials follow similar motion paths when the mixing equipment is running, avoiding stratification or agglomeration caused by large particle size differences. S3. Equipment Preparation (1) Mixing equipment: Commonly used equipment includes horizontal mixers, twin-shaft paddle mixers, etc., which require high mixing uniformity (coefficient of variation CV ≤ 5%); (2) Measuring equipment: high-precision electronic scales to ensure accurate weighing of raw materials; (3) Crushing equipment: If the carrier particles are large, they need to be crushed first; In the premix production process, the performance of the mixing equipment plays a key role in product quality. Horizontal mixers and twin-shaft paddle mixers are widely used. Horizontal mixers, with their unique structural design, enable materials to achieve all-round tumbling and convection within the mixing chamber, thereby achieving efficient mixing. Twin-shaft paddle mixers use two shafts with special blades rotating in opposite directions to produce a strong stirring action, quickly and evenly mixing materials. Accurate raw material measurement is the foundation of high-quality premix production. Therefore, high-precision electronic scales are required for raw material weighing. These scales have extremely high sensitivity and accuracy, and can accurately measure the weight of various raw materials with minimal error. From micronutrients to carriers, the precise weighing of each raw material is directly related to the accuracy and consistency of the premix formula. When the carrier particles are large in size, in order to meet the premix's requirements for raw material particle size, they need to be pre-processed with the help of crushing equipment. For example, crushing equipment such as hammer crushers and jaw crushers can crush large particles of carriers into smaller particles that meet production requirements based on the carrier's physical properties. S4. Raw material weighing and mixing 1. Formulation design The appropriate premix formula should be designed based on the animal species, production stage, and nutritional needs. For example, when laying hens are laying eggs, vitamin D3 and calcium are extremely critical to egg quality, so their premix should focus on supplementing these two. In beef cattle farming, trace elements and energy regulation play a significant role in growth and fattening, so beef cattle premixes must focus on these aspects.

2. Raw material weighing Accurately weigh each raw material according to the formula ratio to ensure the accurate amount of additives and carriers; additives (vitamins, trace elements) usually account for a relatively low proportion, so high accuracy is required; Strictly follow the formula ratio and accurately weigh all kinds of raw materials to ensure the correct amount of additives and carriers. Additives such as vitamins and trace elements account for a small proportion in the premix, but the weighing accuracy is high. Any deviation may affect the quality of the premix.

3. Mixing order (1) Step - by - step mixing: First, mix the trace components and a part of the carrier (premixing); then mix with the remaining carrier and other components (main mixing); (2) Mixing time: According to the requirements of the mixing equipment, it is generally 3 - 8 minutes; too long a time is likely to cause stratification, and too short a time will affect uniformity; Adopt the step - by - step mixing method: First premix the trace components with part of the carrier to preliminarily disperse the trace components; then main - mix the premix with the remaining carrier and other components. The mixing time is generally 3 - 8 minutes according to the equipment requirements. If the time is too long, the materials are prone to stratification; if the time is too short, the mixing uniformity is insufficient. S5. Raw material screening and storage 1. Screening after mixing After the mixing process is completed, it is necessary to screen the materials to remove the particles that are not fully mixed and the caked parts to ensure the uniformity of the finished product; 2. Packaging and storage (1) Use moisture - proof and antioxidant packaging materials and store them sealed; (2) Mark the product batch number, production date and expiration date; (3) Storage environment requirements: Dry, cool, avoid direct sunlight and high temperature; Select packaging materials with good moisture - proof and antioxidant properties, seal - pack the premix, clearly mark the product batch number, production date and expiration date on the packaging. The storage environment should be kept dry and cool, avoiding direct sunlight and high - temperature environment.

2. The preparation method of a slow-release and acid-controlled premix for the production of cattle and sheep feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above - mentioned step S1, the cellulase can decompose the cellulose in the feed, improving the digestion and utilization rate of the feed; the amylase can promote the hydrolysis of starch into glucose, enhancing the absorption of carbohydrates by animals; the phytase can degrade phytic acid, release phosphorus elements, improve the utilization rate of phosphorus, and at the same time reduce the phosphorus emission in feces, reducing environmental pollution.

3. The preparation method of a slow-release and acid-controlled premix for the production of cattle and sheep feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above - mentioned step S1, the antioxidant can prevent the oxidation and deterioration of components such as fats and vitamins in the feed, extend the shelf life of the feed, and at the same time reduce the damage of oxidation products to the animal body, ensuring animal health. The mold inhibitor can inhibit the growth and reproduction of molds in the feed, prevent the feed from mildewing and deteriorating, avoid the generation of mycotoxins, ensure the safety and quality of the feed, and reduce the health risks caused by animals eating mildewed feed.

4. A preparation method of a slow-release and acid-controlled premix for the production of cattle and sheep feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above - mentioned step S2, during the formula design and production process, it is necessary to scientifically and reasonably plan the formula according to the chemical properties of each component, strictly screen and match the raw materials, and minimize the quality risks caused by improper compatibility by optimizing process conditions such as controlling the temperature and humidity of the production environment, ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the premix during storage and use.

5. The preparation method of a slow-release and acid-controlled premix for the production of cattle and sheep feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above - mentioned step S2, by using raw materials with appropriate and uniform particle sizes and combining with efficient mixing processes and equipment, it can ensure that various components in the premix after mixing are evenly dispersed, enabling animals to ingest balanced nutrition and additives in each mouthful of feed during the feeding process, giving full play to the role of the premix, and improving the use effect of the feed and the breeding efficiency.

6. The preparation method of a slow-release and acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the above - mentioned step S3, the high - precision electronic scale can not only ensure the accurate addition amount of raw materials during each production, but also provide reliable data support for quality control during the production process, strongly guaranteeing the stability and reliability of the premix product quality.

7. A preparation method of a slow-release acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production according to claim 5, characterized in that: The carrier processed by crushing in the above-mentioned step S3 can be better mixed with other raw materials, increasing the contact area between materials, improving the mixing uniformity, making the premix more easily absorbed and utilized in animals, giving full play to its due role, and enhancing the quality and use effect of the premix product.

8. A preparation method of a slow-release acid-controlled premix for cattle and sheep feed production according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mixing equipment in the above-mentioned step S3 is required to have extremely high mixing uniformity to ensure the accurate distribution of each component in the premix. Generally, the coefficient of variation CV of the mixing uniformity is required to be ≤5%. Such a strict standard can ensure that in each portion of the premix, whether it is micronutrients or functional additives, they can be evenly dispersed, providing stable and balanced nutritional supplements for animals.

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