An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device

Abstract

The application discloses an integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device, mainly comprising a cross collimator and a scintillator plate, front, rear, upper and lower collimating holes are formed in the cross collimator, the upper and lower collimating holes are arranged in a cross shape with the front and rear collimating holes, and an electron stripping film is installed on the top of the upper collimating hole. Ions with different energies and pitch angles pass through the front and rear collimating holes, thereby hitting different coordinates on the scintillator to emit scintillation light; for high-energy neutral particles without electricity, the high-energy neutral particles pass through the lower collimating hole and the upper collimating hole in sequence, then pass through the electron stripping film to be stripped of electrons to become ions, and then make Larmor cyclotron motion in a magnetic field and hit the scintillator to emit scintillation light, therefore, the integrated high-energy particle detector can simultaneously detect high-energy ions and high-energy neutral particles in the magnetic confinement fusion device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of magnetic confinement fusion plasma diagnostics, specifically to an integrated high-energy particle detector for magnetic confinement fusion devices. Background Technology

[0002] Current magnetic confinement fusion experiments primarily rely on neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron heating to assist plasma heating. The high-energy particles generated by these auxiliary heating systems are crucial for heating efficiency and fusion reaction rate. Therefore, research on the interaction between high-energy particles and magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in the plasma is of great significance. Currently, fast ion loss detectors are mainly used to obtain information such as the energy and projection angle of the lost fast ions.

[0003] For the design of loss fast ion detectors, the common practice in major magnetic confinement fusion devices is to use a collimator and a scintillator. The collimator consists of two parts, front and back, each with two slits. After the trajectory of the loss fast ions is collimated by the two slits of the collimator, they will strike a certain area on the scintillator. Since ions with different energies and throw angles collide at different locations, researchers can read the energy and throw angle of the loss ions based on the position of the fluorescence emitted on the scintillator sheet, and then deduce the trajectory of the loss ions, which helps to study the loss mechanism of high-energy ions.

[0004] Currently, the problems with lossy fast ion detectors in existing technologies are:

[0005] Loss fast ion detectors can only detect high-energy charged ions lost from plasma. Since there are a certain amount of unionized neutral particles in plasma, high-energy ions will capture electrons and become high-energy neutral particles after colliding with unionized neutral particles. Therefore, these high-energy neutral particles also contain information about magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in plasma. Detecting only ions cannot fully obtain information about high-energy particles and magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in plasma. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an integrated high-energy particle detector for magnetic confinement fusion devices.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device, comprising a cross collimator, a scintillator plate, a main support, a collimator fixing plate, a back plate, a graphite protective shell, and a detector fixing cylinder;

[0008] The cross-collimator has a front collimation hole and a rear collimation hole on its front and rear opposite surfaces. The top of the cross-collimator has an upper collimation hole, and the bottom of the cross-collimator has a lower collimation hole. The upper and lower collimation holes are arranged in a cross shape with the front and rear collimation holes. An electron stripping film is installed on the top of the upper collimation hole. An ion energy upper limit plate is installed inside the cross-collimator. A neutral particle energy lower limit plate is installed on the top of the cross-collimator. Collimator mounting holes are provided on the cross-collimator.

[0009] The height of the ion energy upper limit plate on the z-axis is higher than that of the front and rear collimation holes. Its height can be set according to the experimental conditions. Setting a reasonable height can effectively limit the energy upper limit of high-energy ions passing through the cross collimator. The upper limit of ion energy at different throwing angles can also be finely limited by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the ion energy upper limit plate in the yz plane.

[0010] The height of the neutral particle energy lower limit plate can be set according to the experimental conditions. Setting a reasonable height can effectively limit the energy lower limit of high-energy neutral particles passing through the cross collimator. Alternatively, the upper limit of neutral particle energy at different throwing angles can be finely limited by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the neutral particle energy lower limit plate in the yz plane.

[0011] The rear collimation aperture is elongated. By limiting the extension length of the rear collimation aperture on the y-axis, the detection range of the high-energy particle detector for the throwing angle of high-energy ions is limited, thereby ensuring that the impact point of high-energy ions on the scintillator plate is located in a region with a smaller coordinate value in the y-axis direction and will not exceed the high-energy ion detection area.

[0012] The detector fixing cylinder has a fastening thread at the rear end for connecting the rear image transmission optical path and has the function of rotating to adjust the detector installation angle.

[0013] A scintillator plate mounting slot is provided on one inner wall of the main support, and a collimator mounting slot is provided on the top of the main support. A scintillator plate is inserted into the scintillator plate mounting slot, and a back plate is installed at the bottom of the main support by bolts.

[0014] Preferably, the collimator fixing plate is installed on the top of the main support by screws. The top of the collimator fixing plate has a collimator fixing groove, and a groove plate is installed on the edge of the groove. The groove plate has a collimator fixing hole. The upper and lower parts of the cross collimator are fixed to the collimator fixing hole by bolts, ensuring that the cross collimator is located inside the collimator mounting groove and the collimator fixing groove.

[0015] Preferably, the graphite protective shell has an ion injection groove at its top and a neutral particle injection groove at its front end, and the main support is located in the inner cavity of the graphite protective shell.

[0016] Preferably, the detection position of the integrated high-energy particle detector is located at the outer edge of the plasma region of the magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. The integrated high-energy particle detector of the present invention adds two collimating holes, one above and one below, to the dual-hole collimator of the fast ion loss detector. The arrangement of the two collimating holes is cross-shaped with the arrangement of the two collimating holes. High-energy ions pass through the front collimating hole and the rear collimating hole in sequence, and then strike the scintillator plate to emit scintillation light. Ions of different energies can strike different x-coordinates on the scintillator. The back collimation aperture is elongated, allowing ions with different projection angles (the angle between the ion velocity vector and the magnetic field vector) to pass through different positions within the aperture and strike the scintillator at different y-coordinates. High-energy neutral particles, which are themselves uncharged, move in a straight line within the magnetic confinement fusion device, passing through the lower and upper collimation apertures sequentially. They then pass through the electron stripping membrane, where electrons are stripped away, transforming them into ions. These ions then undergo Larmor cyclotron motion within the magnetic field of the fusion device and strike the scintillator, emitting scintillation light. Similar to high-energy ions, their energy and projection angle determine their striking positions on the scintillator plate along the x and y axes. Therefore, the integrated high-energy particle detector of this invention can simultaneously detect both high-energy ions and high-energy neutral particles within a magnetic confinement fusion device.

[0019] 2. To avoid the overlap between the upper limit region of high-energy ion energy detection and the lower limit region of high-energy neutral particle energy detection, the integrated high-energy particle detector of this invention adopts an ion energy upper limit limiting plate installed inside the cross collimator. For high-energy ions, the higher their energy, the smaller the z-coordinate region the orbit inside the cross collimator will pass through. Therefore, by reasonably setting the height of the ion energy upper limit limiting plate, the energy upper limit of high-energy ions passing through the cross collimator can be effectively limited. The ion energy upper limit at different throwing angles can also be finely limited by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the ion energy upper limit limiting plate in the yz plane.

[0020] Meanwhile, a neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate installed on the upper part of the cross collimator is adopted. For high-energy neutral particles stripped of electrons, the lower their energy and the smaller their cyclotron radius, the easier they are to be intercepted by the neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate. Therefore, by reasonably setting the height of the neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate, the energy lower limit of high-energy neutral particles passing through the cross collimator can be effectively limited. Furthermore, by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate in the yz plane, the upper limit of neutral particle energy at different throwing angles can be finely limited.

[0021] Therefore, by setting the height and slope of the two limiting plates, the upper limit of energy detection for high-energy ions can be limited, ensuring that the impact point of high-energy ions on the scintillator plate is located in the region with a smaller coordinate value in the x-axis direction and will not exceed the high-energy ion detection zone; at the same time, the lower limit of energy detection for high-energy neutral particles can be limited, ensuring that the impact point of high-energy neutral particles on the scintillator plate is located in the region with a larger coordinate value in the x-axis direction and will not fall into the high-energy ion detection zone.

[0022] 3. For high-energy ions, the greater the deviation of the throw angle from 90°, the larger the y-coordinate value of the impact point on the scintillator plate. To prevent high-energy ions with throw angles deviating from 90° from falling into the high-energy neutral particle detection zone, the integrated high-energy particle detector of this invention adopts a finite-length back collimation aperture. By limiting the extension length of the back collimation aperture on the y-axis, the detection range of the throw angle of high-energy ions by the integrated high-energy particle detector is limited, thereby ensuring that the impact point of high-energy ions on the scintillator plate is located in the region with a smaller coordinate value in the y-axis direction and will not exceed the high-energy ion detection zone.

[0023] 4. In cases where high-energy neutral particles pass through the front collimating aperture and the rear collimating aperture in succession and then strike the scintillator plate to generate scintillation interference, the ion energy upper limit limiting plate in this invention is designed to limit the upper limit of high-energy ion energy detection. Its height on the z-axis must be higher than that of the front collimating aperture and the rear collimating aperture. Therefore, high-energy neutral particles cannot pass through the front collimating aperture and the rear collimating aperture in a straight line, thereby avoiding this interference signal.

[0024] 5. When high-energy ions pass through the lower collimating aperture and the upper collimating aperture in sequence, and then strike the scintillator plate through the Lamour cyclotron motion to generate scintillation interference, the thickness of the lower and upper collimating apertures in the z-axis direction is much greater than the thickness of the front and rear collimating apertures in the x-axis direction. Therefore, the collimation effect of the upper and lower collimating apertures is much stronger than that of the front and rear collimating apertures. High-energy ions undergoing the Lamour cyclotron motion have great difficulty passing through the upper and lower collimating apertures. The higher the energy of the high-energy ions, the higher their pass rate through the upper and lower collimating apertures. However, the limited size of the scintillator plate determines that the landing point of high-energy ions that enter the detector in this way will be far beyond the range of the scintillator, thus avoiding this interference signal.

[0025] 6. When high-energy ions pass through the lower collimator and the rear collimator successively, and then strike the scintillator plate through Larmor cyclotron motion to generate scintillation interference, since the height of the ion energy upper limit plate in the z-axis direction is higher than that of the rear collimator, the central angle of the ion trajectory that enters the detector in this way from passing through the lower collimator to passing through the rear collimator needs to be greater than 180° in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector. Also, since the distance between the rear collimator and the lower collimator is smaller than the distance between the rear collimator and the front collimator, the cyclotron radius (energy) of the ions entering the detector in this way is smaller than that of the ions entering the detector in the normal way. However, ions with small cyclotron radii (energy) are actually very difficult to pass through the lower collimator with a strong collimation effect. Therefore, high-energy ions can hardly enter the detector in this way, thus avoiding this interference signal. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 Side view of the schematic diagram for an integrated high-energy particle detector;

[0027] Figure 2 Top view of the schematic diagram of an integrated high-energy particle detector;

[0028] Figure 3 A slanted view of the design diagram for an integrated high-energy particle detector;

[0029] Figure 4 A frontal view of the integrated high-energy particle detector design;

[0030] Figure 5 A design drawing of an integrated high-energy particle detector, viewed from below;

[0031] Figure 6 Exploded view of the design diagram for an integrated high-energy particle detector;

[0032] Figure 7 The main support structure design drawing is viewed from an angle.

[0033] Figure 8 Oblique view of the design drawing for the collimator fixing plate;

[0034] Figure 9 Oblique view of the lower part of the collimator design drawing;

[0035] Figure 10 Top view of the lower part of the collimator design;

[0036] Figure 11 A frontal view of the lower design drawing of the collimator;

[0037] Figure 12 Side view of the lower part of the collimator design;

[0038] Figure 13 Oblique view of the upper design drawing of the collimator;

[0039] Figure 14 Top view of the upper design of the collimator;

[0040] Figure 15 A frontal view of the upper design drawing of the collimator;

[0041] Figure 16 A bottom view of the design drawing of the upper part of the collimator;

[0042] Figure 17 Top view of the installation location of the integrated high-energy particle detector.

[0043] In the figure: 1. Cross collimator; 1(1) Front collimation hole; 1(2) Rear collimation hole; 1(3) Lower collimation hole; 1(4) Upper collimation hole; 1(5) Electron stripping membrane; 1(6) Ion energy upper limit plate; 1(7) Neutral particle energy lower limit plate; 1(8) Collimator mounting hole; 2. Scintillator plate; 2(1) High-energy ion detection area; 2(2) High-energy neutral particle detection area; 3. Main support; 3(1) Scintillator plate mounting slot; 3(2) 1) Collimator mounting slot; 4) Collimator fixing plate; 4(1) Collimator fixing slot; 4(2) Collimator fixing hole; 5) Back plate; 6) Graphite protective shell; 6(1) Ion incident slot; 6(2) Neutral particle incident slot; 7) Detector fixing cylinder; 7(1) Detector fixing cylinder thread; 8) Rear image transmission optical path; 9) Magnetic confinement fusion device; 10) Plasma region; 11) Schematic diagram of high-energy ion detection track; 12) Schematic diagram of high-energy neutral particle detection track. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Please see Figure 1-17 The present invention provides a technical solution: an integrated high-energy particle detector that can simultaneously detect high-energy ions and high-energy neutral particles in a magnetic confinement fusion device, comprising a cross collimator 1, a scintillator plate 2, a main support 3, a collimator fixing plate 4, a back plate 5, a graphite protective shell 6, and a detector fixing cylinder 7.

[0046] Specifically, before conducting the experiment, the integrated high-energy particle detector needs to be assembled in a laboratory environment. First, the scintillator plate 2 is installed into the scintillator plate mounting slot 3(1) of the main support 3. The dimensions of the scintillator plate 2 and the scintillator plate mounting slot 3(1) are matched, so the scintillator plate 2 can be completely fixed after installation, avoiding the phenomenon of falling off. The base of the scintillator plate 2 is made of metal material with a thickness of generally more than 0.5 mm. It has high mechanical strength and therefore will not deform. The surface is coated with scintillator material, and it will emit scintillating light after being hit by high-energy particles. Next, the back plate 5 is fixed to the main support 3 with bolts. The rear part is used to prevent the scintillator plate 2 from slipping out of the scintillator plate mounting slot 3 (1). Then, the upper and lower parts of the cross collimator 1 are fixed to the collimator fixing slot 4 (1) of the collimator fixing plate 4 by bolts. Then, the collimator fixing plate 4 is installed in front of the main body bracket 3, and the cross collimator 1 is installed into the collimator mounting slot 3 (2) and fixed by bolts. Then, the detector is put into the graphite protective shell 6, and the positions of its ion incident slot 6 (1) and neutral particle incident slot 6 (2) correspond to the front collimation hole 1 (1) and the lower collimation hole 1 (3) respectively. Finally, the detector is fixed to the detector fixing cylinder 7 by bolts.

[0047] Specifically, the integrated high-energy particle detector is fixed to the rear image transmission optical path 8 via the detector fixing cylinder thread 7(1), and the detector spin angle can be adjusted by rotation according to actual detection needs, such as... Figure 17 As shown, a strong circumferential magnetic field is generated inside the magnetic confinement fusion device 9 during the experiment, which is used to confine charged particles inside the safe plasma region 10. The integrated high-energy particle detector is located at the outer edge of the plasma region 10.

[0048] Specifically, schematic diagram 11 of the high-energy ion detection orbit illustrates the Larmor cyclotron orbit of a high-energy ion with a specific energy and throw angle lost from plasma region 10, such as... Figure 1 As shown, high-energy ion orbitals 11(a), 15cm, and 20cm are displayed.

[0049] If the energy and throwing angle of the ion are within the detection range of the integrated high-energy particle detector for high-energy ions, then it will finally strike the high-energy ion detection area 2(1) of the scintillator plate 2 through the cross collimator 1, and the resulting scintillator light image will be transmitted to the image acquisition device at the back end through the back end image transmission optical path 8.

[0050] Specifically, schematic diagram 12 of the high-energy neutral particle detection orbit illustrates several neutral particle lines of sight observed by the integrated high-energy particle detector, such as... Figure 1As shown, high-energy neutral particle orbitals 12(a), 15cm, and 20cm are displayed.

[0051] If the direction of motion and energy of the neutral particle are within the detection range of the integrated high-energy particle detector for high-energy neutral particles, then it will finally strike the high-energy neutral particle detection area 2(2) of the scintillator plate 2 through the cross collimator 1, and the resulting scintillator light image will be transmitted to the image acquisition device at the back end through the back-end image transmission optical path 8.

[0052] Specifically, the image acquisition equipment then uses a simulation calculation program to obtain the energy and projection angle of the corresponding high-energy ions and high-energy neutral particles, and analyzes and studies their origin and physical processes from plasma region 10.

[0053] It needs to be emphasized that, such as Figure 1 As shown, the integrated high-energy particle detector adds two upper and lower collimating holes (1(4), 1(3)) to the dual-hole collimator of the fast ion loss detector. The two front and rear collimating holes (1(1), 1(2)) are arranged in a cross shape with the two upper and lower collimating holes (1(4), 1(3)). The front and rear collimating holes (1(1), 1(2)) are arranged along the x-axis, and the upper and lower collimating holes (1(4), 1(3)) are arranged along the z-axis. The scintillator plate 2 is parallel to the xy plane.

[0054] High-energy ions undergo Larmor cyclotron motion in the magnetic field of the magnetic confinement fusion device, passing through the front and rear collimation holes (1(1), 1(2)) one after the other, and then striking the scintillator plate 2 to emit scintillation light. Ions with different energies and throwing angles can strike different x and y coordinates on the scintillator.

[0055] It needs to be emphasized that, such as Figure 1 As shown, an electron stripping membrane 1 (5) is installed on the top of the upper collimation hole 1 (4). The high-energy neutral particles themselves are uncharged, so they move in a straight line in the magnetic confinement fusion device 9. They pass through the lower collimation hole 1 (3) and the upper collimation hole 1 (4) in a straight line, and then pass through the electron stripping membrane 1 (5) to be stripped of electrons and become ions. Then they make a Larmor cyclotron motion in the magnetic field of the magnetic confinement fusion device 9 and strike the scintillator 2 to emit scintillating light. Similar to the case of high-energy ions, their energy and throwing angle determine their striking position in the x and y axis directions of the scintillator plate.

[0056] It needs to be emphasized that, such as Figure 1As shown, the central angle of the high-energy ion that passes through the front collimation hole 1 (1) and strikes the scintillator plate 2 in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector generally does not exceed 90°. The central angle of the high-energy neutral particle that passes through the upper collimation hole 1 (4) and is stripped of electrons and strikes the scintillator plate 2 in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector must exceed 180°.

[0057] Therefore, for high-energy ions and neutral particles with the same energy, their impact positions along the x-axis on the scintillator plate 2 are different. The impact position of high-energy ions is located at a smaller x-coordinate, while the impact position of high-energy neutral particles is located at a larger x-coordinate.

[0058] Therefore, integrated high-energy particle detectors can have similar energy detection ranges for high-energy ions and neutral particles, and the two can avoid overlapping interference.

[0059] It should be emphasized that, in order to avoid the overlap between the upper limit region of high-energy ion energy detection and the lower limit region of high-energy neutral particle energy detection, the integrated high-energy particle detector proposed in this invention has an ion energy upper limit limiting plate 1 (6) installed inside the cross collimator 1 and a neutral particle energy lower limit limiting plate 1 (7) installed on the top of the cross collimator 1.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, the ion energy upper limit plate 1 (6) is installed inside the cross collimator 1. For high-energy ions, the higher the energy, the smaller the z-coordinate area the orbit inside the cross collimator 1 will pass through. Therefore, by reasonably setting the height of the ion energy upper limit plate 1 (6), the energy upper limit of high-energy ions passing through the cross collimator 1 can be effectively limited. Alternatively, the slope of the upper edge of the ion energy upper limit plate 1 (6) in the yz plane can be further set to finely limit the ion energy upper limit at different throwing angles.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, the neutral particle energy lower limit plate 1 (7) is installed on the upper part of the cross collimator 1. For high-energy neutral particles stripped of electrons, the lower their energy and the smaller their cyclotron radius, the easier they are to be intercepted by the neutral particle energy lower limit plate 1 (7). Therefore, by reasonably setting the height of the neutral particle energy lower limit plate 1 (7), the energy lower limit of high-energy neutral particles passing through the cross collimator 1 can be effectively limited. Alternatively, by further setting the slope of the upper edge of the neutral particle energy lower limit plate 1 (7) in the yz plane, the upper limit of neutral particle energy at different throwing angles can be finely limited.

[0062] Therefore, by setting the height and slope of the two limiting plates, the upper limit of energy detection for high-energy ions can be limited, ensuring that the impact point of high-energy ions on the scintillator plate 2 is located in the region with smaller coordinate values ​​in the x-axis direction and will not exceed the high-energy ion detection area; at the same time, the lower limit of energy detection for high-energy neutral particles can be limited, ensuring that the impact point of high-energy neutral particles on the scintillator plate 2 is located in the region with larger coordinate values ​​in the x-axis direction and will not fall into the high-energy ion detection area.

[0063] It is important to emphasize that ions with different projection angles (the angle between the ion velocity vector and the magnetic field vector) can pass through different positions of the collimation aperture 1 (2), thereby striking different y-coordinates on the scintillator. For high-energy ions, the greater the deviation of the projection angle from 90°, the larger the y-coordinate value of the striking point on the scintillator plate. To prevent high-energy ions with projection angles deviating from 90° from falling into the high-energy neutral particle detection region, the integrated high-energy particle detector proposed in this invention uses a finite-length collimation aperture 1 (2), such as... Figure 2 As shown, by limiting the extension length of the collimation hole 1 (2) on the y-axis, the detection range of the throwing angle of the integrated high-energy particle detector for high-energy ions is limited, thereby ensuring that the impact point of the high-energy ions on the scintillator plate 2 is located in the region with a smaller coordinate value in the y-axis direction and will not exceed the high-energy ion detection area.

[0064] It should be emphasized that, in the case where high-energy neutral particles pass through the front and rear collimating holes (1(1), 1(2)) successively and then strike the scintillator plate 2 to produce scintillation interference, such as Figure 1 As shown, the ion energy upper limit limiting plate 1 (6) in this invention is designed to limit the upper limit of high-energy ion energy detection. Its height on the z-axis must be higher than the front and rear collimating holes (1 (1) and 1 (2)). Therefore, high-energy neutral particles cannot pass through the front collimating hole 1 (1) and the rear collimating hole 1 (2) in a straight line, thereby avoiding this interference signal.

[0065] It should be emphasized that, in cases where high-energy ions pass through the lower collimating aperture 1(3) and the upper collimating aperture 1(4) successively, and then strike the scintillator plate 2 through Larmor cyclotron motion, producing scintillation interference, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the thickness of the lower collimation aperture 1(3) and the upper collimation aperture 1(4) in the z-axis direction is much greater than the thickness of the front collimation aperture 1(1) and the rear collimation aperture 1(2) in the x-axis direction. Therefore, the collimation effect of the upper and lower collimation apertures is much stronger than that of the front and rear collimation apertures. High-energy ions that are undergoing Larmor cyclotron motion have great difficulty passing through the upper and lower collimation apertures. The higher the energy of the high-energy ions, the higher their pass rate through the upper and lower collimation apertures. However, the limited size of the scintillator plate 2 determines that the landing point of high-energy ions that enter the detector in this way will be far beyond the range of the scintillator, thus avoiding this interference signal.

[0066] It should be emphasized that, in cases where high-energy ions pass through the lower collimating aperture 1 (3) and the rear collimating aperture 1 (2) successively, and then strike the scintillator plate 2 through Larmor cyclotron motion, generating scintillation interference, such as... Figure 1 As shown, since the height of the ion energy upper limit plate 1 (6) in the z-axis direction is higher than that of the rear collimation hole 1 (2), the central angle of the ion orbit that enters the detector in this way from passing through the lower collimation hole 1 (3) to passing through the rear collimation hole 1 (2) needs to be greater than 180° in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector. Also, since the distance between the rear collimation hole 1 (2) and the lower collimation hole 1 (3) is less than the distance between the rear collimation hole 1 (2) and the front collimation hole 1 (1), the cyclotron radius (energy) of the ion entering the detector in this way is smaller than that of the ion entering the detector in the normal way. However, it is actually very difficult for ions with small cyclotron radius (energy) to pass through the lower collimation hole 1 (3) with a strong collimation effect. Therefore, high-energy ions can hardly enter the detector in this way, thus avoiding this interference signal.

[0067] Furthermore, in actual experimental scenarios, high-energy ions and neutral particles with various energies and throwing angles can be detected simultaneously by the integrated high-energy particle detector. Several bright spots may appear at different coordinate positions on the scintillator plate 2 at the same time, and their light signals are transmitted to the image acquisition device at the back end through the same set of back-end image transmission optical path 8. Since the detection range of high-energy ions and neutral particles in the integrated high-energy particle detector is strictly limited and does not overlap, researchers can adopt corresponding research and analysis algorithms for the bright spots in the two detection areas. Thus, the simultaneous detection and analysis of high-energy ions and neutral particles can be achieved using one integrated high-energy particle detector.

[0068] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device, comprising a cross collimator, a scintillator plate, a main support, a collimator fixing plate, a back plate, a graphite protective shell, and a detector fixing cylinder, characterized in that: The cross-collimator has a front collimation hole and a rear collimation hole on its front and rear opposite surfaces. The top of the cross-collimator has an upper collimation hole, and the bottom of the cross-collimator has a lower collimation hole. The upper and lower collimation holes are arranged in a cross shape with the front and rear collimation holes. An electron stripping film is installed on the top of the upper collimation hole. An ion energy upper limit plate is installed inside the cross-collimator. A neutral particle energy lower limit plate is installed on the top of the cross-collimator. Collimator mounting holes are provided on the cross-collimator. The height of the ion energy upper limit plate on the z-axis is higher than the front and rear collimation holes. Its height is set according to the experimental conditions. Setting its height effectively limits the energy upper limit of high-energy ions passing through the cross collimator, or the upper limit of ion energy at different throwing angles can be finely limited by setting the slope of the upper edge of the ion energy upper limit plate in the yz plane. The height of the neutral particle energy lower limit plate is set according to the experimental conditions. Setting its height effectively limits the lower energy limit of high-energy neutral particles passing through the cross collimator, or the upper energy limit of neutral particles at different throwing angles can be finely limited by setting the slope of the upper edge of the neutral particle energy lower limit plate in the yz plane. The back collimation aperture is elongated. By limiting the extension length of the back collimation aperture on the y-axis, the detection range of the projection angle of high-energy ions by the integrated high-energy particle detector is limited. This ensures that the impact point of high-energy ions on the scintillator plate is located in a region with a smaller coordinate value in the y-axis direction and will not exceed the high-energy ion detection area.

2. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: By setting the upper limit plate for ion energy, the lower limit plate for neutral particle energy, and the size of the collimation aperture, the scintillator is divided into a high-energy ion detection region and a high-energy neutral particle detection region, which do not overlap and avoid mutual interference.

3. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1: the thickness of the upper and lower collimating holes in the z-axis direction is greater than the thickness of the front and rear collimating holes in the x-axis direction, thereby preventing high-energy ions undergoing Lamocyclotron motion from entering the detector through the upper and lower collimating holes and generating interference signals.

4. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It has an ion injection groove at the top and a neutral particle injection groove at the front end, with the main support located inside the graphite protective shell.

5. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Its rear end is equipped with a fastening thread for connecting the rear image transmission optical path, and it also has the function of rotating to adjust the installation angle of the detector.

6. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate of the scintillator plate is made of metal, and the surface is coated with scintillator material.

7. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the experiment, the magnetic confinement fusion device generates a strong circumferential magnetic field inside, which is used to confine charged particles within a safe plasma region. The detection position of the integrated high-energy particle detector is located at the outer edge of the plasma region.

8. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the energy and projection angle of the ion are within the detection range of the integrated high-energy particle detector for high-energy ions, then the ion will finally strike the high-energy ion detection area of ​​the scintillator plate through the cross collimator, and the resulting scintillation image will be transmitted to the image acquisition device at the back end through the back-end image transfer optical path.

9. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the direction and energy of the neutral particle's motion are within the detection range of the integrated high-energy particle detector for high-energy neutral particles, then it will finally strike the high-energy neutral particle detection area of ​​the scintillator plate through the cross collimator, and the resulting scintillator light image will be transmitted to the image acquisition device at the back end through the back-end image transmission optical path.

10. An integrated high-energy particle detector for a magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The image acquisition equipment uses a simulation calculation program to obtain the energy and projection angle of the corresponding high-energy ions and high-energy neutral particles based on the coordinates of the scintillation light appearing on the scintillator, and analyzes and studies their origin and physical processes from the plasma region.

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