School building design method capable of converting spatial attributes

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of building design, and particularly discloses a school building design method capable of converting space attributes, which comprises the following steps: designing a structure-equipment integrated core tube and a corresponding modular space, and constructing a space division system; a subsystem design strategy is utilized to construct a modular water treatment unit, an elastic drainage network, a distributed microclimate unit, an energy routing center, structure-equipment integration, an intelligent skin system and a core tube structure monitoring system; an adaptive transformation mechanism is constructed to ensure the flexible conversion capability of the building space in the whole life cycle; an integrated intelligent control center is designed, intelligent management and optimization of the building space are achieved, and finally school building design is completed. The method solves the problems that an existing building design method can only meet planning at the initial stage of design and lacks elasticity of later-stage transformation, so that when new requirements of use functions occur, the building cannot be transformed according to needs or cannot be transformed by considering existing fire protection specifications and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of architectural design, and particularly relates to a school architectural design method capable of converting spatial attributes. Background Art

[0002] The designs of existing buildings are all compliance designs in accordance with specifications. For architecture, considerations are mainly from aspects such as passage and fire protection; for structure, considerations are from aspects such as stability and durability; for water supply and drainage, heating, ventilation, electricity, and weak current, considerations are all from aspects such as the number of people, fire compartments, and upstream and downstream conditions. Each specialty rarely takes into account the specific requirements of operation and maintenance, and the specific problems that the building will face in the later decades of service, such as the transformation of space, the change of use nature, and the possibility of changes in the fire extinguishing method.

[0003] Since in most cases, the departments that put forward requirements for the design in the early stage are not the same department as the operation and maintenance management department, and in some cases, they do not even belong to the same company, there are varying degrees of discrepancies between the real needs in the operation and maintenance stage and the design stage. As a result, the functions realized in the design stage are not truly used, and the functions that operation and maintenance really need are not considered in the design stage. Finally, it leads to the waste of some existing facilities and large-scale renovations for real needs.

[0004] For the usable space of buildings, in the operation and maintenance stage, a large number of changes often occur. For example, classrooms are changed into offices, offices are changed into laboratories, or the original large conference room is split into small spaces for separate leasing. However, due to the constraints of structural column grids, shear walls, etc., such space transformations often cannot be carried out as envisioned. For equipment, especially when the design specifications are becoming increasingly reasonable and the fire protection requirements are increasing, the transformation of the space pattern must meet the latest specification requirements, so it cannot be adjusted as needed.

[0005] The designs of existing buildings have the following problems:

[0006] 1. It can only meet the planning in the initial stage of design and lacks flexibility for possible later renovations. Therefore, when there are new requirements for the use function, considering the current fire protection and other specifications, the building cannot be renovated as needed or cannot be renovated at all.

[0007] 2. For the structural specialty, columns and shear walls play a load-bearing role and must not be demolished during later renovations. Therefore, it cannot fully meet the requirements of space changes, etc.

[0008] 3. Since the equipment specialty designs according to the original building space, especially the design of the space will result in the sprinkler nozzles for water supply and drainage and the air vents for heating and ventilation can only meet the current usage requirements. When the building is renovated, the equipment specialty cannot adapt to the new space requirements, so it needs to be redesigned, resulting in many equipment and pipelines being demolished and discarded long before their service life is reached. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the existing building design method can only meet the planning in the initial stage of design and lacks the flexibility for later transformation. When new requirements for the use function emerge, considering the current fire protection and other codes, the building cannot be transformed as needed or cannot be transformed at all. A school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes is proposed.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Design the structure-equipment integrated core tube and corresponding modular spaces of the school building;

[0012] Based on the modular space design, construct a spatial dynamic partitioning system to realize the full-dimensional functional use of the school building space; the spatial partitioning system includes a maglev partition track, a multi-functional partition unit, a connection node, and a light environment regulation module;

[0013] Utilize the subsystem design strategy to construct the modular water treatment unit, flexible drainage network, distributed microclimate unit, energy routing center, structure-equipment integration, intelligent skin system, and core tube structure monitoring system of the school building;

[0014] Construct an adaptive transformation mechanism to ensure the flexible conversion ability of the school building space throughout its life cycle; among them, the construction of the adaptive transformation mechanism includes the design of equipment system adjustment algorithms, the design of quick-install interface systems, the design of reconfigurable ceiling systems, and the design of core tube response algorithms;

[0015] Couple the structure-equipment integrated core tube, spatial dynamic partitioning system, subsystem design strategy, and adaptive transformation mechanism, and design a dynamic fire protection system and an integrated intelligent control center to finally complete the school building design.

[0016] Preferably, the structure-equipment integrated core tube includes a vertical composite shaft module, a horizontal intelligent equipment corridor, and a dynamic elevator system;

[0017] The vertical composite shaft module is internally provided with an integrated steel skeleton and pre-buried slide rail type pipe supports;

[0018] The horizontal intelligent equipment corridor is specifically: by setting a circular equipment corridor on each floor of the building to integrate all horizontal pipeline systems, and then forming a detachable "building artery ring";

[0019] The dynamic elevator system is specifically: by reserving double car tracks in the elevator shaft to support future capacity expansion, and installing a folding expansion frame at the elevator door opening.

[0020] Preferably, the modular space design is specifically as follows: Space parameter matrix design, functional unit modular design, and equipment interface modular design are carried out for three space types: classrooms, offices, and laboratories.

[0021] Preferably, the space parameter matrix design is specifically as follows: The column spacing of the building space is designed at no less than 3*3m, and at least 1 / 3 of the entire building space is reserved as a large-span space to meet the layout of no less than 6*9m. Through parametric design, it is ensured that the space division system can dynamically meet the thresholds of the three space types;

[0022] The functional unit modular design includes an education mode, an office mode, and an experimental mode; The education mode adopts a folding stepped seat and a liftable electronic whiteboard design; The office mode adopts an acoustic partition screen and a magnetic wire trough design; The experimental mode adopts a chemical-resistant folding workbench and a quick-connect exhaust hood design;

[0023] The equipment interface modular design includes a three-state power distribution unit design and an intelligent wiring shaft design; The three-state power distribution unit is used to configure different interfaces for the three space types; The intelligent wiring shaft adopts a rotary busbar design and can complete the switching between the strong current / weak current modes within 30 minutes.

[0024] Preferably, the maglev partition track is an embedded Halbach magnetic array track, which supports T-shaped / L-shaped splicing to realize on-demand reorganization of the shaft space;

[0025] The multi-functional partition unit adopts a sandwich structure, with a perforated aluminum plate sound-absorbing layer on the outer layer, a phase change energy storage layer in the middle layer, and a whiteboard / glass layer on the inner layer;

[0026] The connection node adopts a shape memory alloy lock, and the shape memory alloy lock self-locks at 60°C and releases at -20°C;

[0027] The light environment control module adopts a trichromatic LED matrix, and the color temperature of the trichromatic LED matrix is continuously adjustable in the range of 2800K - 6500K.

[0028] Preferably, the design of the equipment system adjustment algorithm is specifically as follows: Establish a digital model of the entire life cycle of the building, real-time monitor the state of the equipment system, and develop a space reorganization simulation algorithm to automatically generate an equipment system adjustment plan to complete the construction of the equipment system adjustment algorithm;

[0029] The design of the quick-install interface system is specifically as follows: Through a standardized equipment interface box, integrate the water, electricity, and air interfaces, and adopt an electromagnetic locking quick-connect device to realize the plug-and-play of equipment units and complete the construction of the quick-install interface system;

[0030] The design of the reconfigurable ceiling system is specifically as follows: a reconfigurable ceiling system is constructed by hexagonal honeycomb ceiling modules, where each hexagonal honeycomb ceiling module integrates lighting, sprinkler, smoke detector, and air outlet device interfaces;

[0031] The design of the core tube response algorithm is specifically as follows: in response to changes in space partitioning, the core tube automatically adjusts the ventilation volume, power distribution load, and elevator dispatching.

[0032] Preferably, the dynamic fire protection system includes:

[0033] Reconfigurable smoke detector network: Wireless ad-hoc detectors are used, and the detection zones are automatically adjusted according to changes in the building space;

[0034] Intelligent sprinkler topology: Shape memory alloy sprinkler brackets are used to change the pipeline direction according to the partition position, and tri-state sprinkler heads are used, with each sprinkler integrating three medium channels of water, fine water mist, and foam;

[0035] Evacuation path planning: An AR escape indication system is used to generate the shortest path in real time.

[0036] Preferably, the design integration intelligent control center specifically includes:

[0037] Using a BIM model to record the attributes of various components, thereby constructing a space gene library;

[0038] Establish a "3D grid space coordinate system", decompose the building space into virtual unit grids of 1m×1m×1m, arrange the standardized interfaces of each equipment system according to the virtual unit grid nodes, and preset the topological logical relationship of the equipment routing through BIM parametric modeling to form a reconfigurable space DNA structure and complete the space gene coding;

[0039] Construct an adaptive algorithm to perform intelligent processing on elevator dispatching and building energy consumption.

[0040] Preferably, the constructed adaptive algorithm includes:

[0041] Construct a heat map of the flow of people to optimize elevator dispatching;

[0042] Construct an energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm to predict building energy consumption.

[0043] Preferably, the construction of the energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm to predict building energy consumption specifically includes the following steps:

[0044] Collect the historical energy consumption data of the building and the data of related influencing factors, clean the historical energy consumption data and the data of related influencing factors, remove outliers and fill in missing values, and then perform normalization processing to obtain preprocessed data; among them, the data of related influencing factors include meteorological data and building usage information;

[0045] Extract features from the preprocessed data to obtain feature vectors;

[0046] Input the feature vectors into the LSTM model for training, adjust the parameters of the model, and obtain an energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm;

[0047] Input the new meteorological data and building usage information into the energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm, and output the predicted value of the building energy consumption for a future period of time.

[0048] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0049] Through the coordination of the structure-equipment integrated core tube and the intelligent space segmentation system, the present invention realizes the full-dimensional functional adaptability of public buildings (classrooms, offices, laboratories). The system covers three core dimensions: structural stability, equipment flexibility, and spatial variability, breaking through the limitations of traditional building function solidification. The design life of buildings is mostly 20 - 100 years. During this operation and maintenance period, the building space will inevitably be changed. The design method adopted in the present invention can maximize the satisfaction of the future change requirements of the campus building space, and at the same time extend the service life of the equipment as much as possible, saving the construction investment of the construction party. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 Shown is a flowchart of a school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes.

[0051] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the spatial parameter matrix design. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0052] Now, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments shown and described in the drawings are merely exemplary, intended to illustrate the principles and spirit of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0053] Before describing the specific embodiments of the present invention, to make the solution of the present invention more clear and complete, first, the definitions of relevant abbreviations and key terms of the present invention are described:

[0054] BIM: Building Information Modeling: It is a new tool in architecture, engineering, and civil engineering. The term Building Information Modeling or Building Information Model was coined by Autodesk. It is used to describe computer-aided design related to architecture that is mainly three-dimensional graphics, object-oriented.

[0055] Component: Building components are the elements that make up a building. If a building is regarded as a product, then building components refer to the parts of this product. The main components in a building are: floors (roofs), walls, columns, foundations, etc. Structural components are the elements that form the load-bearing skeleton of a structure. Of course, it also includes beams, slabs, walls, columns, foundations, etc. However, it is generally divided according to the force characteristics of the components, into flexural members, compression members, tensile members, torsional members, compression-bending members, etc. Similarly, the components of an equipment system are all the elements that make up the equipment and the entire system, including mechanical equipment, pipelines, elbow pipe fittings, valve components, etc.

[0056] VAV Variable Air Volume Module: It adapts to the change of indoor load by changing the air volume sent into the room to maintain the indoor parameters within the set range. When the indoor load changes, the terminal device of the system automatically adjusts the air volume sent into the room to ensure that the indoor temperature remains within the design range. As a result, the air volume sent by the air handling unit decreases under low load, and the rotational speed of the supply fan of the air handling unit also decreases accordingly, achieving the purpose of energy conservation.

[0057] Distributed water circulation: It refers to a system that rationally distributes and recycles water resources according to the water volume and water quality requirements of different regions and different water use points in a building. It changes the traditional centralized water supply and drainage mode, and pays more attention to the micro-control and local utilization of water resources within the building.

[0058] MBSE (Model-Based Systems Engineering): It is a modern systems engineering method, which is a formal application of modeling methods to enable modeling methods to support activities such as system requirements, analysis, design, verification, and validation. These activities start from the conceptual construction stage and continue throughout the design and development and all subsequent life cycle stages. It includes a system architecture model (SAM), engineering simulation software, and a centralized computing center. The system architecture model serves as the single trusted information source for the project; the engineering simulation software is used to determine whether the content in the SAM meets the requirements and is operating as planned; the centralized computing center is responsible for executing all functions and storing the results. These three parts together constitute a digital thread to ensure that when one model is updated, all other models in the system will be updated in the same way.

[0059] Core tube: In the central part of a building, a central core tube formed by enclosing elevator shafts, stairways, ventilation shafts, cable shafts, public restrooms, and some equipment rooms. It is generally located at the center of the building to evenly transfer loads to the entire building and improve the overall stability of the building. Usually, it adopts the form of reinforced concrete, steel structure, or a combination of concrete and steel structure. As the structural support of the internal space of the building, it reduces the setting of columns and improves space utilization. Under the action of horizontal forces, the core tube can effectively resist by itself and reduce the lateral displacement of the building.

[0060] Sprinkler: The building fire sprinkler system is a device that automatically sprays water to extinguish fires when a fire occurs. The water source generally comes from the urban tap water supply system or a dedicated water tank set up. After being pumped by a water pump, these water sources obtain sufficient pressure and flow rate. The sprayed water forms water mist or water columns, covering the combustibles, playing the roles of cooling, suffocating, and blocking oxygen, thereby effectively controlling the spread of the fire and buying time for personnel evacuation and fire fighting and rescue. Generally, the distance between sprinkler heads should not be greater than 3.6 meters, and the distance between the sprinkler head and the wall should also not be greater than 0.9 meters. If the teaching building is a separate independent building site, sprinklers need to be set when the single-story area exceeds 1500 square meters. Sprinklers also need to be set for teaching buildings with a total building area exceeding 3000 square meters.

[0061] Wireless detector Mesh networking technology: In Mesh networking, wireless detectors act as nodes and can communicate and transmit data with other nodes. Each node can not only receive data from other nodes but also forward the data to other nodes. Through this method, multi-hop forwarding of data is achieved, and finally, the data is transmitted to the target node. The wireless detector Mesh network has self-organizing capabilities. Nodes can automatically join or leave the network, and the network can automatically adjust the topology structure to ensure the stability of communication. When a certain node fails or the signal is interfered, the surrounding nodes will automatically find other available paths for data transmission to ensure the connectivity of the network.

[0062] Phase change material: In the field of building energy conservation, after modification The phase change material formed by compounding with silica aerogel has a phase change temperature of about 27.0°C, which can meet the requirements of indoor temperature regulation. The phase change latent heat is an important indicator to measure the heat storage capacity of the phase change material. It has a relatively high phase change latent heat. For example, pure The phase change latent heat can reach 223.54 J / g, which can store more heat and play an important role in the process of energy storage and release. During the phase change process, It can absorb and release a large amount of heat, realizing the effective storage and release of heat, and can be used to regulate temperature fluctuations and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0063] Three - state busbar power distribution technology: The three - state busbar is a conductive component used in the power distribution system. It can achieve three different electrical connection states, namely "normal power supply", "emergency power supply", and "disconnected" state. Through specific structures and control methods, it can be switched between these three states to meet the power consumption needs under different working conditions. It mainly consists of parts such as the busbar body, contact system, operating mechanism, and insulating materials. The busbar body is usually made of copper or aluminum materials with good electrical conductivity to carry current; the contact system is used to achieve the electrical connection switching of different states and needs to have good electrical conductivity and contact reliability; the operating mechanism is responsible for driving the action of the contact system to achieve state conversion; the insulating materials are used to isolate the busbar from other components to ensure electrical safety.

[0064] Ni - Ti - Cu shape - memory alloy: Under certain temperature conditions, it can remember its original shape. When it is deformed by external forces and then heated to a specific temperature, it can return to its shape before deformation. In some deformable building structures, using Ni - Ti - Cu shape - memory alloy connectors can change the structure's form when needed and then restore it to its original state by heating, achieving the reuse of the structure and flexible adjustment of its form. Ni - Ti - Cu shape - memory alloy has high damping characteristics during the phase - change process, which can effectively reduce the propagation of vibration and noise.

[0065] Dynamic power distribution efficiency of energy systems: It refers to a power distribution method that can flexibly adjust and optimize the control of power distribution according to the real - time demand and supply situation of the building energy system. It is different from the traditional static power distribution mode, where the power distribution is relatively fixed and difficult to adapt to the rapid changes in energy demand and the access of distributed energy. The efficiency here mainly refers to the effective utilization degree of electrical energy during the energy distribution process and the system's ability to control the losses in energy conversion and transmission. Specifically, it is reflected in whether the power can be delivered from the power source to various electrical equipment with the minimum energy loss, while ensuring the normal operation of each equipment and the efficient utilization of energy.

[0066] Example 1:

[0067] Optimize for the spatial variability, high - efficiency recombination, and possibility of meeting multiple spatial attributes of school buildings (classrooms, offices, laboratories), focusing on three dimensions: functional adaptability, user experience, and safety compliance.

[0068] Through the collaborative innovation of the structure - equipment integrated core tube and the intelligent space - division system, the present invention realizes the full - dimensional functional adaptability of public buildings (classrooms, offices, laboratories). The system covers three core dimensions: structural stability, equipment flexibility, and spatial variability, breaking through the limitations of traditional building function solidification. For example Figure 1As shown in the figure, a school building design method capable of transforming spatial attributes constructs a collaborative architecture of an integrated structure and equipment core tube, a space segmentation system based on a maglev topology network, and a spatial gene coding control center. The method includes the following steps:

[0069] S1. Design the integrated structure and equipment core tube of the school building and the corresponding modular spaces;

[0070] The design of the integrated structure and equipment core tube is specifically as follows:

[0071] The integrated structure and equipment core tube includes a vertical composite shaft module, a horizontal intelligent equipment corridor, and a dynamic elevator system;

[0072] The vertical composite shaft module sets an integrated vertical technical shaft (including water supply and drainage risers, air ducts, strong and weak electricity cable trays, etc.) in the building core area, and uses a 1.5m×1.5m steel structure unit; in terms of its structural function, it is built with an integrated steel skeleton (Q345B, cross-section 200×200mm); in terms of equipment function, it is pre-embedded with a slide rail type pipe support (compatible with DN100-DN300 pipelines), allowing the DN200 pipeline to have a horizontal displacement of ±400mm within the core tube, breaking through the limitation of the static arrangement of pipelines in the traditional shaft, and the reorganization time ≤ 2h / floor; and a detachable panel is set: using a honeycomb aluminum panel (thickness 50mm, sound insulation STC≥55) with an integrated steel skeleton built-in and a slide rail type pipe support pre-embedded; the vertical composite shaft module can achieve a single-module load-bearing of 15t and allow the DN300 pipeline to have a horizontal displacement of ±400mm.

[0073] The horizontal intelligent equipment corridor is specifically as follows: An annular equipment corridor (width ≥ 800mm) is set on each floor to integrate all horizontal pipeline systems to form a detachable "building artery ring"; a 600mm high conversion mezzanine is set on each floor, including a quick-connect power distribution busbar (100A / 380V, spacing 300mm); an annular air duct system (cross-section 800×400mm, adjustable air speed); a comprehensive pipe gallery robot passage (diameter 200mm), and equipment self-maintenance is realized through a robot inspection passage (Φ200mm).

[0074] The dynamic elevator system is specifically as follows: By reserving double car tracks (spacing ≥ 1.8m) in the elevator shaft to support future capacity expansion, and a folding expansion frame is configured at the elevator door opening (the door width can be increased to 1.5m after unfolding), so that the transport capacity can be adjusted by 200%-400% in the future by increasing or decreasing the number of cars.

[0075] The design of the modular space is specifically as follows: Spatial parameter matrix design, functional unit modular design, and equipment interface modular design are carried out for three space types: classrooms, offices, and laboratories.

[0076] As shown in Table 1 and Figure 2As shown, the design of the spatial parameter matrix is specifically as follows: The column spacing of the space is designed according to a size not less than 3*3, and at least 1 / 3 of the space is reserved for large spans to meet the layout of not less than 6*9. Through parametric design, it is ensured that the space division system can dynamically meet the thresholds of three spatial types;

[0077] Table 1 Design of the spatial parameter matrix

[0078] Space type Area requirement (㎡ / person) Minimum net height (m) Illuminance standard (lux) Sound insulation requirement (dB) Ventilation and air change (times / h) Classroom 1.5-2.5 3.0 300-500 ≥45 4-6 Office 4-8 2.8 500-750 ≥40 6-8 Laboratory 6-12 3.2 750-1000 ≥50 8-12

[0079] The modular design of the functional units includes an education mode, an office mode, and an experiment mode;

[0080] Education mode: Folding stepped seats (unfolded thickness ≤ 200mm) + Liftable electronic whiteboard (travel 1.5m);

[0081] Office mode: Acoustic partition screen (STC ≥ 42) + Magnetic wire trough (integrated with USB / power / network port);

[0082] Experiment mode: Chemical-resistant folding workbench (acid and alkali-resistant tabletop) + Quick-connect exhaust hood (wind speed adjustable at 0.5m / s).

[0083] The modular design of the equipment interfaces includes the design of a three-state power distribution unit and the design of an intelligent wiring shaft;

[0084] Three-state power distribution unit: Classroom mode (220V 10A socket, spacing 3m); Office mode (PD 100W fast charging + PoE network port, spacing 1.5m); Laboratory mode (380V 32A interface + emergency power-off button, spacing 2m);

[0085] Intelligent wiring shaft: Adopts a rotary bus bar design and can complete the switching between the strong current / weak current modes within 30 minutes.

[0086] S2. Based on the modular space design, construct a spatial dynamic segmentation system to realize the full-dimensional functional use of the school building space; The space segmentation system includes a maglev partition track, a multi-functional partition unit, a connection node, and a light environment regulation module. The specific technical parameters and functions of the space segmentation system are shown in Table 2.

[0087] Table 2 Specific technical parameters and functional adaptation of the space segmentation system

[0088] Subsystem Technical parameters Function adaptation Maglev partition track Embedded maglev track (spacing 3m), using Halbach magnetic array (levitation force ≥ 200kg / m), with laser positioning (accuracy ±1mm), supporting T-shaped / L-shaped splicing, embedded spacing 3m, slide rail type partition board (travel ±750mm), realizing on-demand reorganization of shaft space [[ID= ​ ​ ​ <![CDATA[Sandwich structure (outer perforated aluminum plate for sound absorption + middle phase change energy storage layer + inner white board / glass), thickness 80 mm, STC ≥ 55, phase change energy storage layer (CaCl2·6H2O, energy storage density 180 kJ / kg)]]> ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

[0089] The Halbach magnetic array track enhances the unilateral magnetic field through special magnetic pole arrangements (levitation force ≥ 200kg / m) and reduces energy consumption by 40%; The partition unit can be translated / rotated / tilted (accuracy ±0.5°), supports non-orthogonal space combinations, and realizes six-degree-of-freedom control.

[0090] The shape memory alloy structure connector (Ni-Ti-Cu alloy) used in the connection node of the present invention triggers a phase change at 45°C, realizing the self-adaptive reorganization (non-destructive adjustment) of the equipment support and the load-bearing structure, and can withstand 5000 non-destructive reorganization cycles (fatigue life ≥ 15 years).

[0091] S3. Using the subsystem design strategy, construct the modular water treatment unit, flexible drainage network, distributed microclimate unit, energy routing center, structure-equipment integration, intelligent skin system and core tube structure monitoring system of the school building; the specific design is as follows:

[0092] Modular water treatment unit: Adopt prefabricated integrated water modules (including water supply, drainage, and reclaimed water treatment functions); set distributed water circulation nodes on each floor and connect them through standard flange interfaces; the pipeline system adopts an expandable tree-like topological structure, reserving 30% redundant interfaces.

[0093] Flexible drainage network: The raised floor drainage system (height 150mm) integrates capillary drainage pipe networks; the bathroom unit adopts the overall bathroom technology to achieve dry-wet separation and rapid reorganization.

[0094] Distributed microclimate unit: Develop spliceable VAV variable air volume modules (standard size 600×600×300mm); use the building envelope structure to construct a thermal inertia body and integrate phase change energy storage materials (PCM); combine the radiant ceiling and floor air supply systems to form a three-dimensional thermal environment adjustment network.

[0095] Energy routing center: Set up an energy exchange machine room and adopt a heat pump multi-split system; the hot and cold medium pipelines adopt a ring-shaped double-pipe system to achieve bidirectional energy transmission.

[0096] Structure-equipment integration: Research and develop composite structural components (such as: hollow floor integrated air ducts, water supply and drainage risers built into structural columns); adopt a large-span open web truss structure (span ≥ 9m) to form a column-free open space.

[0097] Intelligent skin system: The three-layer curtain wall system integrates photovoltaic power generation, rainwater collection, and natural ventilation functions; the adjustable sunshade system is linked with the BIM operation and maintenance platform to achieve dynamic energy consumption optimization.

[0098] Core tube structure monitoring system: Arrange fiber Bragg grating sensors (spacing 500mm) in the core tube to monitor the structural strain in real time (accuracy ±3με); monitor the shear strain in real time (accuracy ±3με), and lock the segmentation system in case of abnormality.

[0099] S4. Construct an adaptive transformation mechanism to ensure the flexible conversion ability of the school building space throughout its life cycle; among them, the construction of the adaptive transformation mechanism includes the design of equipment system adjustment algorithms, the design of quick-install interfaces, the design of reconfigurable ceiling systems, and the design of core tube response algorithms;

[0100] Equipment system adjustment algorithm: Establish a digital model for the entire life cycle of the building to monitor the status of the equipment system in real time; Develop a spatial reorganization simulation algorithm to calculate how many interfaces need to be configured for each space after spatial transformation and how to configure them, and automatically generate an equipment system adjustment plan;

[0101] Quick-install interface system: Standardized equipment interface box (600×600×300mm), integrating water, electricity, and air interfaces; Adopt an electromagnetic locking quick-connect device to achieve plug-and-play of equipment units;

[0102] Reconfigurable ceiling system: Hexagonal honeycomb ceiling modules (side length 600mm); Each module integrates equipment interfaces such as lighting, sprinklers, smoke detectors, and air vents;

[0103] Core tube equipment response algorithm: When the space division changes, the core tube automatically adjusts: ventilation volume (±15% air volume compensation), power distribution load (giving priority to ensuring power supply for laboratory equipment), and elevator dispatching (optimizing the stopping floors according to the pedestrian flow heat map).

[0104] S5. Couple the structure-equipment integrated core tube, spatial dynamic division system, subsystem design strategy, and adaptive transformation mechanism, and design a dynamic fire protection system and an integrated intelligent control center to finally complete the school building design.

[0105] In this embodiment, the designed integrated intelligent control center realizes the intelligent management and optimization of the school building space, specifically as follows:

[0106] Use the BIM model to record various component attributes, thereby constructing a spatial gene library; The present invention establishes a digital DNA model of the building space, enabling each physical component to carry more than 150 programmable attribute parameters, and deeply binding the BIM model with material properties (such as the latent heat value of the phase change energy storage layer) and equipment interface protocols (such as voltage / air volume thresholds);

[0107] Establish a "3D grid spatial coordinate system", decompose the building space into virtual unit grids of 1m×1m×1m, arrange the standardized interfaces of each equipment system according to the virtual unit grid nodes, and preset the topological logical relationship of the equipment routing through BIM parametric modeling to form a reconfigurable spatial DNA structure and complete the spatial gene coding; When the space is reorganized, an equipment system adjustment plan is automatically generated (such as the logic for increasing the exhaust air volume when a classroom is converted into a laboratory).

[0108] Construct a pedestrian flow heat map to optimize elevator dispatching;

[0109] Construct an energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm to predict the building energy consumption, construct an energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm to predict the building energy consumption, specifically including the following steps:

[0110] Collect historical energy consumption data of buildings and data on related influencing factors, clean the historical energy consumption data and data on related influencing factors, remove outliers and fill in missing values, and then perform standardization or normalization processing to obtain preprocessed data; among them, the data on related influencing factors include meteorological data (temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine duration, etc.) and building usage information (number of people, equipment operation time, lighting intensity, etc.);

[0111] Extract features from the preprocessed data to obtain feature vectors; for example, energy consumption data, meteorological data, etc. at different time periods can be used as feature vectors to reflect the relationship between building energy consumption and various factors;

[0112] Input the feature vectors into the LSTM model for training, adjust the parameters of the model, and obtain an energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm; as a special type of recurrent neural network, LSTM's internal structure contains multiple memory units and gating mechanisms. The memory units are used to store past information, and the gating mechanisms include forget gates, input gates, and output gates, which jointly determine the retention, update, and output of information. During the model training process, by continuously adjusting the parameters of the model, the model can learn the long-term dependence relationships and non-linear features in the building energy consumption data.

[0113] Input new meteorological data and building usage information into the energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm, and output the predicted values of building energy consumption for a future period of time.

[0114] The energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm has the following advantages:

[0115] Consider temporal characteristics: It can effectively process the time series characteristics of building energy consumption data, capture the dependence relationships and change trends between different time points, and thus more accurately predict future energy consumption.

[0116] Automatic feature learning: There is no need to manually extract complex features. The model can automatically learn and discover important features related to energy consumption from a large amount of data, improving the accuracy and efficiency of prediction.

[0117] Strong adaptability: It can adapt to different types of buildings and different usage scenarios. Whether it is a commercial building, a residential building, or a public building, it can establish corresponding prediction models according to specific situations.

[0118] Gradually improved interpretability: With the continuous in-depth research, some methods and technologies are applied to improve the interpretability of the LSTM model, enabling professionals in the building field to better understand the prediction results and decision-making basis of the model.

[0119] In this embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention conducts safety and compliance design for a building, including:

[0120] 1. Dynamic fire protection system design

[0121] Reconfigurable smoke detection network: Using wireless ad-hoc detectors, automatically adjust the detection zones according to spatial changes;

[0122] Intelligent sprinkler topology: Memory alloy sprinkler brackets, can change the pipeline direction according to the partition position;

[0123] Evacuation path planning: The AR escape indication system generates the shortest path in real time.

[0124] In the dynamic fire protection system of the present invention, for the intelligent sprinkler topology, the pipeline direction automatically changes during mode switching, and the recombination time ≤ 30 seconds; using tri-state sprinkler heads: a single sprinkler integrates three medium channels of water / fine water mist / foam, and the switching time < 0.5 seconds; three-chamber storage tank design: the laboratory mode automatically locks the supply of heptafluoropropane to prevent accidental switching to water and exacerbating chemical reactions. The fire extinguishing agents are set as shown in Table 3. Heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing unit: used in various types of spaces in buildings, specifically in one embodiment of the present invention, mainly used in laboratories. In laboratories, various flammable and explosive chemical reagents and instrument equipment are often stored and used, and the fire risk is relatively high. At the same time, some experimental data and research results in the laboratory may also have important values. The heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system can respond quickly in case of a fire, effectively protect the safety of personnel and equipment facilities in the laboratory, and reduce the losses caused by the fire.

[0125] Table 3 Fire extinguishing agent settings

[0126] ​ ​ ​ ​ 40% ​ ​ 30% ​ ​ 30% ​

[0127] 2. Structural safety verification

[0128] Establish a limit condition model: Simulate the displacement response of the partition system under an 8-degree seismic fortification (Δmax ≤ h / 250);

[0129] Fatigue life test: Through 100,000 conversion cycle tests, ensure that the hinge mechanism life ≥ 15 years.

[0130] 3. Specification adaptation strategy

[0131] Classroom mode: Meet the viewing distance requirements of Article 5.1.6 of the "Design Code for Primary and Secondary School Buildings" GB50099-2011;

[0132] [[ID=�9]]Laboratory mode: Meet the ventilation requirements of Article 4.2.3 of the "Design Standard for Scientific Research Buildings" JGJ91-2019;

[0133] Barrier-free design: 12% of the detachable partition units are reserved to achieve a wheelchair turning space (1.5m in diameter);

[0134] Structural safety: Meet the seismic fortification requirements of Degree 8 in the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings GB50011-2010;

[0135] Fire compliance: Pass the verification of the shaft fire isolation in Article 7.3.8 of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings GB50016-2014;

[0136] Pipeline: Meet the pipeline displacement requirements of Article 5.1.3 of the Code for Seismic Design of Building Mechanical and Electrical Engineering GB50981-2014;

[0137] Educational facilities: Meet the sight distance requirements of the Code for Design of Primary and Secondary School Buildings GB50099-2011.

[0138] Example 2:

[0139] On the basis of Example 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a conversion design from a classroom to a chemistry laboratory to illustrate the present invention.

[0140] Space reorganization stage

[0141] The magnetic levitation partition moves to form an explosion-proof area (30㎡), and the folding fume hood unfolds (wind speed 0.5m / s);

[0142] The core tube starts the laboratory mode: the exhaust air volume is increased to 12 times / h, the power distribution is switched to dual-loop power supply, and the elevator shields the passenger call on this floor.

[0143] Environmental regulation stage

[0144] The lighting is switched to 750lux cold white light (CRI≥95);

[0145] The air supply speed is increased to 0.6m / s to maintain a slightly negative pressure environment.

[0146] Safety protection stage

[0147] The heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing unit is in place;

[0148] The gas detector is linked to turn off the general lighting;

[0149] The eyewash pops out from the core tube equipment wall (response time <3s).

[0150] Example 3:

[0151] On the basis of Example 1, the embodiment of the present invention compares the school building design method capable of converting space attributes proposed by the present invention with the traditional space transformation scheme to illustrate the technical effects of the present invention.

[0152] The spatial functions of traditional buildings are rigidly bound to the equipment systems, resulting in problems such as high renovation costs (3,000 yuan per square meter), long cycles (30 days+), and high carbon emissions (1.2 tCO2 per square meter) during renovation.

[0153] The school building design method proposed in the present invention that can convert spatial attributes realizes the reduction of the building function conversion time from 30 days to 45 minutes, a 75% reduction in renovation costs (to 750 yuan per square meter), and a 40% reduction in carbon emissions throughout the life cycle through the ternary collaboration of structure-equipment dynamic coupling, spatial gene coding, and maglev topological network.

[0154] Compared with traditional buildings, the solution proposed in the present invention can achieve:

[0155] A 50% increase in space utilization rate (through multiple daily function conversions);

[0156] A 75% reduction in equipment renovation costs (prefabricated modular design);

[0157] A 40% reduction in carbon emissions (material recovery rate ≥ 92%);

[0158] The phase change energy storage partition (180 kJ / kg) and the maglev system (0.3 kW·h per movement) form a thermal-electric coupling, with an overall energy saving of 27%;

[0159] Structure-equipment resonance suppression, and the equipment frequency is adjusted in real time through fiber Bragg grating sensors (accuracy of ±3 με), reducing the vibration transmission by 52%;

[0160] The double-track design of the elevator shaft is linked with the maglev partition, increasing the emergency evacuation efficiency by 68% (the traditional solution only increases by 5%-15%).

[0161] Experimental data prove that the energy-saving benefit (27%) generated by the ternary collaboration of the three technologies far exceeds the sum of the benefits of each technology used alone (5% + 8% + 6% = 19%), confirming that the school building design method proposed in the present invention that can convert spatial attributes has a superposition effect.

[0162] Example 4:

[0163] On the basis of Example 1, the embodiment of the present invention conducts model tests to verify the technical effects of the school building design method proposed in the present invention that can convert spatial attributes. Table 4 is the phased verification plan for the school building design method proposed in the present invention that can convert spatial attributes, Table 5 is the cost-benefit analysis for the school building design method proposed in the present invention that can convert spatial attributes, and Table 6 is the technical economy for the school building design method proposed in the present invention that can convert spatial attributes.

[0164] Table 4 Phased verification plan

[0165] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

[0166] Table 5 Cost - Benefit Analysis

[0167] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ￥1200 / m ￥800 / m ​ ​ ￥3000 / ㎡ ￥1800 / ㎡ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ - ​ ​

[0168] Table 6 Technical Economy

[0169] ​ ​ ​ ​ +15% ​ ​ +20% ​ ​ +25% ​

[0170] Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the embodiments described herein are to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific deformations and combinations without departing from the essence of the present invention based on the technical revelations disclosed in the present invention, and these deformations and combinations are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Design the structure-equipment integrated core tube and corresponding modular spaces of the school building; Based on the modular space design, construct a spatial dynamic segmentation system to realize the full-dimensional functional use of the school building space; the spatial segmentation system includes a maglev partition track, a multi-functional partition unit, a connection node, and a light environment regulation module; Using the subsystem design strategy, construct the modular water treatment unit, elastic drainage network, distributed microclimate unit, energy routing center, structure-equipment integration, intelligent skin system, and core tube structure monitoring system of the school building; Construct an adaptive renovation mechanism to ensure the flexible conversion ability of the school building space during its whole life cycle; among them, the construction of the adaptive renovation mechanism includes the design of the equipment system adjustment algorithm, the fast-installation interface system design, the reconfigurable ceiling system design, and the core tube response algorithm design; Couple the structure-equipment integrated core tube, the spatial dynamic segmentation system, the subsystem design strategy, and the adaptive renovation mechanism, and design a dynamic fire protection system and an integrated intelligent control center to finally complete the school building design.

2. The school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes according to claim 1, characterized in that The structure-equipment integrated core tube includes a vertical composite shaft module, a horizontal intelligent equipment corridor, and a dynamic elevator system; The vertical composite shaft module is internally provided with an integrated steel skeleton and pre-buried slide-type pipe supports; The horizontal intelligent equipment corridor is specifically: by setting a circular equipment corridor on each floor of the building to integrate all horizontal pipeline systems, and then forming a detachable "building artery ring"; The dynamic elevator system is specifically: by reserving double-carriage tracks in the elevator shaft to support future capacity expansion, and configuring a folding expansion frame at the elevator door opening.

3. The school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modular space design is specifically: conduct spatial parameter matrix design, functional unit modular design, and equipment interface modular design for three space types of classrooms, offices, and laboratories.

4. The school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spatial parameter matrix design is specifically: design the column spacing of the building space according to not less than 3*3m, reserve at least 1 / 3 of the entire building space as a large-span space to meet the layout of not less than 6*9m, and ensure that the spatial segmentation system can dynamically meet the thresholds of the three space types through parametric design; The functional unit modular design includes an education mode, an office mode, and an experimental mode; the education mode adopts a folding step seat and a liftable electronic whiteboard design; the office mode adopts an acoustic partition screen and a magnetic wire trough design; the experimental mode adopts a chemical-resistant folding workbench and a quick-connect exhaust hood design; The equipment interface modular design includes a three-state power distribution unit design and an intelligent wiring well design; the three-state power distribution unit is used to configure different interfaces for the three space types; the intelligent wiring well adopts a rotary busbar design and can complete the strong / weak electricity mode switch within 30 minutes.

5. The school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes according to claim 1, characterized in that The maglev partition track is a pre-buried Halbach magnetic array track, which supports T-shaped / L-shaped splicing to realize the on-demand reorganization of the shaft space; The multi-functional partition unit adopts a sandwich structure, with a perforated aluminum plate sound-absorbing layer on the outer layer, a phase change energy storage layer in the middle layer, and a whiteboard / glass layer on the inner layer; The connection node adopts a shape memory alloy lock, which self-locks at 60°C and releases at -20°C; The light environment control module adopts a trichromatic LED matrix, and the color temperature of the trichromatic LED matrix is continuously adjustable in the range of 2800K - 6500K.

6. The school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes according to claim 1, characterized in that The design of the equipment system adjustment algorithm is specifically as follows: establish a digital model of the entire life cycle of the building, monitor the status of the equipment system in real time, and develop a spatial reorganization simulation algorithm to automatically generate an equipment system adjustment plan, thus completing the construction of the equipment system adjustment algorithm; The design of the quick-install interface system is specifically as follows: through a standardized equipment interface box, integrate the water, electricity, and air interfaces, and adopt an electromagnetic locking quick-connection device to achieve the plug-and-play of equipment units, thus completing the construction of the quick-install interface system; The design of the reconfigurable ceiling system is specifically as follows: construct a reconfigurable ceiling system through hexagonal honeycomb ceiling modules, where each hexagonal honeycomb ceiling module integrates lighting, sprinkler, smoke detector, and air outlet device interfaces; The design of the core tube response algorithm is specifically as follows: in response to the change of space division, the core tube automatically adjusts the ventilation volume, power distribution load, and elevator dispatching.

7. The school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes according to claim 1, characterized in that The dynamic fire protection system includes: A reconfigurable smoke detector network: adopt wireless self-organizing network detectors to automatically adjust the detection area as the building space changes; An intelligent sprinkler topology: adopt a memory alloy sprinkler bracket to change the pipeline direction with the change of partition position, and adopt a three-state sprinkler head, with each sprinkler integrating three medium channels of water, fine water mist, and foam; Evacuation path planning: adopt an AR escape indication system to generate the shortest path in real time.

8. The school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes according to claim 1, characterized in that The designed integrated intelligent control center specifically includes: Use the BIM model to record the attributes of various components, thereby constructing a spatial gene library; Establish a "3D grid space coordinate system", decompose the building space into virtual unit grids of 1m×1m×1m, arrange the standardized interfaces of each equipment system according to the virtual unit grid nodes, and preset the topological logical relationship of the equipment routing through BIM parametric modeling to form a reconfigurable spatial DNA structure, thus completing the spatial gene coding; Construct an adaptive algorithm to intelligently process elevator dispatching and building energy consumption.

9. The school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes according to claim 8, characterized in that, The construction of the adaptive algorithm includes: Construct a crowd flow heat map to optimize elevator dispatching; Construct an energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm to predict building energy consumption.

10. The school building design method capable of converting spatial attributes according to claim 8, characterized in that, The construction of the energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm to predict building energy consumption specifically includes the following steps: Collect the historical energy consumption data of the building and the relevant influencing factor data, clean the historical energy consumption data and the relevant influencing factor data, remove outliers and fill in missing values, and then perform normalization processing to obtain preprocessed data; among them, the relevant influencing factor data includes meteorological data and building usage information; Extract features from the preprocessed data to obtain feature vectors; Input the feature vectors into the LSTM model for training, adjust the parameters of the model, and obtain an energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm; Input the new meteorological data and building usage information into the energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm, and output the predicted value of the building energy consumption for a future period of time.

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