Orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device and fusion method

Abstract

The invention provides an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device and a fusion method. The fusion device comprises a vacuum combustion furnace which comprises a fusion reaction chamber and an inductance tube; the central shaft is arranged in the vacuum combustion furnace in a penetrating manner, a constant potential difference is applied between the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace and the central shaft, and a radial polarization electric field is generated in the vacuum combustion furnace; the inductance coil is wound on the outer wall of the vacuum combustion furnace, generates an axial confinement magnetic field in the vacuum combustion furnace and generates a magnetic mirror in the fusion reaction chamber; the fusion method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing an orthogonal electromagnetic field; s2, feeding fuel; s3, radially polarizing the ion ring; s4, induction of FRC is carried out; s5, axial fusion is carried out; s6, energy recovery; the device has the effects of simplifying the nuclear fusion reaction device, reducing the cost of the nuclear fusion reaction and improving the efficiency of the nuclear fusion reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of controllable nuclear fusion, and particularly relates to an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device and a fusion method. Background Art

[0002] The sustainable development of human civilization depends to a large extent on the sufficient and safe supply of energy. With the rapid rise of artificial intelligence, big data, and emerging manufacturing industries, higher requirements are put forward for both the scale and quality of energy demand. Among the existing energy sources, traditional fossil fusion fuels generate greenhouse gases, clean energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy have intermittency and regional limitations, nuclear fission energy is difficult to control and radioactive waste is difficult to handle, while nuclear fusion is the way of energy generation inside stars and is called the "artificial sun". Under ideal conditions, nuclear fusion hardly produces carbon dioxide emissions and can greatly reduce the pressure of radioactive waste treatment. Therefore, controllable nuclear fusion energy is a clean, safe, and almost infinite holy grail of human energy.

[0003] To reproduce the nuclear reaction of the "artificial sun" in the earth's environment, it is necessary to overcome a huge Coulomb potential barrier. The current mainstream nuclear fusion technologies, such as tokamak, laser inertial confinement, etc., mainly rely on the high-temperature disorder-driven collision mode. Its core mechanism is to heat ions to a super-high temperature state of hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius, in order to randomly trigger ion fusion reactions during the random collisions in the ion disordered thermal motion. This high-temperature disorder-driven collision mode has natural limitations: high input energy, low reaction cross-section, poor stability, collision efficiency limited by statistical fluctuations, lack of directionality in the excitation path; the fusion products are isotropic and widely distributed and difficult to concentrate and recycle; the energy output is far lower than the input and it is impossible to achieve ignition and continuous combustion; at the same time, such devices highly rely on superconducting magnets, high-power heating systems, and complex tritium breeding and neutron shielding structures, resulting in large device volume, high cost, and extremely high engineering implementation thresholds, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device and method, using the idea of ordered orbit-driven directional fusion to solve the problems of complex structure and high cost of nuclear fusion devices, and to solve the problems of high input energy, poor stability, and low fusion efficiency of fusion methods.

[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device, comprising:

[0006] A vacuum combustion furnace, including a fusion reaction chamber symmetric about a central plane and inductance tubes connected to both ends of the fusion reaction chamber. The fusion reaction chamber is provided with a first injection port and a second injection port side by side. The first injection port is arranged on the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber, and the second injection port is arranged on both sides of the first injection port;

[0007] The central axis is disposed inside the vacuum combustion furnace, and the central axis extends along the axis of the vacuum combustion furnace. When a potential difference is applied between the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace and the central axis, a polarization electric field is generated inside the vacuum combustion furnace;

[0008] The inductance coil is wound around the outer wall of the vacuum combustion furnace. The inductance coil is used to generate a confinement magnetic field along the axial direction of the vacuum combustion furnace, and the confinement magnetic field forms a magnetic mirror symmetric about the central plane in the fusion reaction chamber; and the inductance coil also outputs electric energy outward;

[0009] The divertor is disposed around the circumference of the inductance tube and is used to collect high-energy charged particles generated by fusion;

[0010] The neutron moderation chamber is disposed at both ends of the vacuum combustion furnace and is used to collect high-energy neutrons generated by fusion.

[0011] As an optimization of an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device, permanent magnets are disposed at both ends of the vacuum combustion furnace, and the permanent magnets generate a confinement magnetic field along the axial direction of the vacuum combustion furnace.

[0012] As an optimization of an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device, the inner cavity of the fusion reaction chamber is spherical or ellipsoidal, the inductance tube is circular tubular or truncated conical tubular, and the diameter of the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber is 1.2 - 1.5 times the diameter of the minimum radial cross-section of the inductance tube.

[0013] As an optimization of an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device, the symmetry center of the central axis is set as a sphere, the two ends of the central axis are set as cylinders, and the sphere and the cylinder are connected by a tapered surface in a transitional manner.

[0014] In a second aspect, an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion method is provided, which is applicable to the above-mentioned orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device and includes the following steps,

[0015] S1. Construct an orthogonal electromagnetic field: (1) Apply a constant positive voltage to the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace and apply 0 voltage or a constant negative voltage to the central axis, so that there is a constant potential difference U between the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace and the central axis, and a polarization electric field is established inside the vacuum combustion furnace. The electric field strength of the polarization electric field is E. (2) Establish a confinement magnetic field along the axis of the vacuum combustion furnace through the inductance coil. The magnetic field strength of the confinement magnetic field is B, and the confinement magnetic field forms a magnetic mirror with a weak middle and strong ends in the fusion reaction chamber.

[0016] Through this step, an orthogonal polarization electric field and a confinement magnetic field are coordinately constructed in the vacuum combustion furnace, laying an environmental foundation for subsequent fusion reactions. Compared with the dependence of traditional nuclear fusion on high temperature and high pressure (hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius) and strong magnetic fields, the constant voltage and constant current in this step can be achieved under conventional conditions, significantly reducing energy consumption, lowering the heat resistance requirements of the device materials, and thus reducing the production cost of the device.

[0017] S2. Inject fuel: Ionize and accelerate the fusion fuel through an external ion source device to form an ion beam with an initial velocity V0. The initial velocity V0 of the ion beam is not less than 10 5 m / s, corresponding to an energy of more than 5 keV. Inject the ion beam into the fusion reaction chamber through the first injection port and the second injection port respectively. Among them, deuterium fuel is preferably used as the fusion fuel for D-D fusion reaction. Alternatively, the fusion fuel can also be a mixed fuel such as tritium, helium, hydrogen, boron, etc. for various mixed fusion reactions such as D-T, D-He 3 , p-B 11 and other mixed fusion reactions.

[0018] Through this step, when the fusion fuel is injected into the fusion reaction chamber, the electrons attached to the fusion fuel have been removed, turning the atoms of the fusion fuel into ion fuel containing only atomic nuclei. Compared with plasma fuel, it can reduce the difficulty of fusion confinement, reduce the input energy for electron heating, and is beneficial to lowering the requirements for reaction conditions.

[0019] S3. Radially polarized ion ring: The ion beam injected perpendicular to the magnetic field direction undergoes radial polarization in the polarization electric field. Through the electric moment induction effect of the polarization electric field, the microscopic charge distribution of the ions is distorted, manifested as the self-generated electric field direction of all ions always being consistent with the polarization electric field direction. The degree of ion polarization is proportional to the electric field strength of the polarization electric field. In the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber, the electric field direction of the polarization electric field points along the radial direction of the central plane towards the central axis. The radially polarized ions are subject to an electric field force F E = qE r , and the ions are accelerated towards the center. The magnetic field direction of the confinement magnetic field is perpendicular to the central plane. The radially polarized ions are subject to a Lorentz force F B = qvBsinθ, where θ is the incident angle of the ion beam, and the incident angle is the angle between the incident direction of the ion beam and the radial direction. Under the combined action of the orthogonal polarization electric field and the confinement magnetic field, the ions perform a Larmor gyration motion in a spiral shape and accelerate towards the central axis, and finally form a radially polarized ion ring in a steady circular motion at a fixed radius r. According to the Larmor radius formula, r = mv / qBsinθ is satisfied. At this time, the direction of the ion motion velocity is perpendicular to the electric field force direction, and the velocity reaches more than 10 6 m / s.

[0020] Through this step, the self-generated electric field direction of the ions is always consistent with the polarization electric field direction during radial polarization, uniformly adjusting the Coulomb repulsion direction of the ions to the radial direction, reducing the Coulomb repulsion interference of the ions in the axial direction, and being able to increase the probability of ion collisions in the axial direction, thereby improving the fusion efficiency. In addition, the radially polarized ion rings form multiple stable orbits at different radii, and the ions in each orbit have different toroidal velocities and energies. The radial layered structure can effectively suppress turbulence and cross-diffusion.

[0021] S4. Induced FRC: The radially polarized ion rings with different moving radii self-excite and induce a reversed-field configuration FRC. The direction of the internal magnetic field of the FRC is opposite to the direction of the externally applied confinement magnetic field. As a fixed target for the fusion reaction, through this step, the radially polarized ion rings form a compact toroidal radially polarized ion ring structure with a higher β value (the ratio of the pressure of the radially polarized ion ring to the magnetic pressure), which means higher energy confinement efficiency. The FRC reduces the dependence on the external magnetic field, lowers the energy consumption, and at the same time improves the stability and self-sustainability of the system.

[0022] S5. Axial fusion: The ion beam injected from the second injection port is accelerated in a helical motion under the action of the magnetic mirror and approaches the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber, and undergoes an axial oscillating motion symmetric about the central plane; the axially oscillating ions collide with each other or collide with the ions in the FRC target, triggering multi-ring ignition fusion. The fusion generates high-energy charged particles and high-energy neutrons, and the fusion products continue to participate in the secondary fusion reaction with the ions in the FRC target.

[0023] In this step, after the ion beam injected from the second injection port enters the fusion reaction chamber, in addition to being polarized by the polarization electric field, the ion beam is accelerated and deflected in the electromagnetic field, and then forms a polarized radially polarized ion ring moving in a circular motion in the radial direction; at the same time, because the polarized radially polarized ion ring is located in the strong magnetic field region of the magnetic mirror, it is pushed by the axial magnetic force of the magnetic mirror and will accelerate towards the central plane located in the weak magnetic field region; the superposition of the two motions makes the ions appear to accelerate towards the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber in a helical motion trajectory. The axial motion speed of the ions reaches the maximum in the central plane region. When the ions move axially across the central plane, the ions are pushed back by the axial magnetic force of the strong magnetic field region of the magnetic mirror on the other side, gradually decelerate axially and turn back, repeating the reciprocating axial motion in the magnetic mirror, showing an axial oscillating motion symmetric about the central plane. During the repeated axial oscillating motion of the ions, the ions injected from both sides will collide with each other or directly collide with the FRC on the central plane, triggering a multi-ring ignition fusion reaction; multi-ring ignition means that ions with any velocity distribution can collide with ions in the same orbit to produce fusion, increasing the range of the reaction cross-section, thereby improving the fusion efficiency.

[0024] The high-incidence area of the collision fusion is near the central plane. The D-D fusion products T, He 3The orbit coincides with the FRC orbit in height and will continue to participate in the secondary fusion reaction, such as T-D, He 3 -D, T-T, He 3 -He 3 reactions, etc. The secondary fusion mechanism increases the total energy release of the system by 22% - 35%, further improving the energy release efficiency.

[0025] S6. Energy recovery: The high-energy charged particles and high-energy neutrons generated by fusion are emitted axially and conically in a directional manner, and the emission angle is controlled within ±10° axially; when the high-energy charged particles pass through the inductance coil, induced power generation occurs and electrical energy is output externally, and finally it is led out by the divertor; the high-energy neutrons are absorbed by the neutron moderation chamber to generate heat energy.

[0026] Through this step, the high-energy charged particles and high-energy neutrons generated by fusion obtain high-energy axial kinetic energy, move along the axial direction, and pass through the tip of the magnetic mirror to discharge from the cavity. Among them, when the high-energy charged particles of the fusion products pass through the inductance coil and discharge towards both ends, using the current induction effect, part of the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy in the inductance coil and output externally, thus realizing the efficient conversion of fusion energy into electrical energy; while the high-energy neutrons of the fusion products are emitted axially towards the neutron moderation chamber at the end of the vacuum combustion furnace, impacting the thermal target structure of the neutron moderation chamber, converting the kinetic energy into heat energy, and then being converted into thermoelectric output through the heat exchange system. Through the dual-loop energy recovery of kinetic energy and heat energy of the fusion products, the total efficiency can reach more than 65%.

[0027] In addition, during this process, the high-energy charged particles are automatically recovered through the divertor, and the high-energy neutrons are automatically recovered through the neutron moderation chamber, realizing the automatic ash removal of the fusion products. The ion removal efficiency reaches 96%, timely cleaning the vacuum combustion furnace, preventing the fusion ash from damaging the vacuum environment, and being conducive to the continuous progress of the fusion reaction.

[0028] As an optimization of an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion method, the constant potential difference U between the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace and the central axis is not less than 30 kV, and the magnetic field strength of the confinement magnetic field is not less than 0.1 T.

[0029] As an optimization of an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion method, in step S2, it also includes injecting the ion beam into the fusion reaction chamber in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction.

[0030] Through this step, the velocity direction of the ion beam is parallel to the XY plane, the velocity component of the ion beam along the Z axis is zero, and the axial velocity of the ion beam is completely constrained by the magnetic mirror. Compared with the fuel injection method of the magnetic mirror device in an inclined manner, it can effectively reduce the escape of fuel ions along the axial direction, avoid the tip leakage phenomenon in the magnetic mirror, and enable the fuel ions to gather and move in the fusion reaction chamber, which is conducive to improving the fusion efficiency.

[0031] As an optimization of an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion method, in step S3, it further includes adjusting the moving radius of the radially polarized ion ring by adjusting the incident angle of the ion beam, and the range of the incident angle is 40° - 70°.

[0032] Through this step, by adjusting the incident angle, the moving radius of the radially polarized ion ring can be adjusted, enabling different fuels to form the same orbital radius, thereby performing a mixed fuel fusion reaction, such as T-D, 3 He-D, P- 11 B reaction, etc.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] (1) The electric force and magnetic force in the orthogonal electromagnetic field interact with each other, balancing the ion drift and flip instability; the layered multi-ring orbit FRC suppresses the interference and turbulence between ions; the electric field and magnetic mirror structure with weak in the middle and strong at both ends prevent the axial divergence of the radially polarized ion circulation; injecting the ion beam perpendicular to the axial magnetic field direction avoids the common tip leakage problem; the axially oscillating, high-frequency colliding, multi-ring ignition fusion and secondary fusion of the radially polarized FRC under the action of the magnetic mirror greatly improve the fusion efficiency, making the fusion Q value greater than 10.

[0035] (2) The fusion products are emitted directionally, reducing the impact of high-energy particles on the side wall, and no longer requiring a complex neutron blanket; nor expensive heating devices and tritium breeding structures, thus simplifying the equipment and reducing the cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a front view sectional view of the orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 It is an internal electric field schematic diagram of the vacuum combustion furnace of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 It is an internal magnetic field schematic diagram of the vacuum combustion furnace of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion method of the present application;

[0041] Figure 5It is the ion beam trajectory diagram of the orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion method of this application;

[0042] Figure 6 It is Figure 1 the schematic diagram of the A-A cross-section in

[0043] Figure 7 It is Figure 1 the schematic diagram of the Coulomb force direction of the radially polarized ion ring at point B in

[0044] Figure 8 It is the fusion product emission trajectory diagram of the orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion method of this application.

[0045] In the figure: 1. Vacuum combustion furnace; 11. Fusion reaction chamber; 12. Inductive tube; 2. Central axis; 3. Inductive coil; 31. Power grid; 4. Divertor; 5. Neutron moderation chamber; 6. First injection port; 61. Second injection port; 7. Permanent magnet; 8. Radially polarized ion ring. Specific implementation mode

[0046] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention and its beneficial effects will be further described in detail below in combination with specific implementation modes and the accompanying drawings of the specification, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0047] The following combines the attached Figure 1-8 , and makes a further detailed description of this application.

[0048] Embodiment

[0049] In the first aspect, this application provides an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device, and the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0050] Refer to Figure 1, The orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device includes a vacuum combustion furnace 1, a central axis 2, inductance coils 3, a divertor 4, and a neutron moderation chamber 5. All components of this device are placed in a vacuum state to reduce the energy loss caused by the collision between high-speed moving plasma and residual gas molecules. The vacuum combustion furnace 1 includes a fusion reaction chamber 11 that is symmetric about the central plane and inductance tubes 12 connected to both ends of the fusion reaction chamber 11. One fusion reaction chamber 11 is configured with two inductance tubes 12. The fusion reaction chamber 11 has a geometrically symmetric structure. The central plane of the fusion reaction chamber 11 is one of the radial cross-sections of the vacuum combustion furnace 1 and also the symmetric plane of the vacuum combustion furnace 1, designated as the XY plane, which is the main area where ions collide and fuse at high speeds. On the same equatorial plane of the fusion reaction chamber 11, a first injection port 6 and a second injection port 61 are arranged side by side. The first injection port 6 is located on the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber 11, and the second injection port 61 is distributed on both sides of the first injection port 6. When a fusion reaction is required, fuel is injected into the fusion reaction chamber 11 through the first injection port 6 and the second injection port 61 simultaneously. The two inductance tubes 12 are respectively installed at both ends of the fusion reaction chamber 11. The axis of the fusion reaction chamber 11 and the axes of the two inductance tubes 12 are on the same straight line, and this straight line is defined as the axis of the vacuum combustion furnace 1, designated as the Z axis. During the production and application process of the fusion reaction, the fusion reaction chamber 11 serves as the place for ion beam injection, capture, confinement, and fusion reaction, and the inductance tube 12 is the channel for the axial emission and discharge of fusion products.

[0051] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , The central axis 2 is installed inside the vacuum combustion furnace 1 and extends along the axis of the vacuum combustion furnace 1 towards both ends of the vacuum combustion furnace 1. When a voltage difference U is applied between the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace 1 and the central axis 2, a polarization electric field E is generated inside the vacuum combustion furnace 1. The direction of the polarization electric field is from the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace 1 towards the central axis 2. Inside the fusion reaction chamber 11, the polarization electric field appears as a concentric spherical electric field, and the electric force always points from the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace 1 towards the center of the circle, with an electric field strength of E1; inside the inductance tube 12, the polarization electric field appears as a coaxial cylindrical electric field, and the electric force points from the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace 1 along the radial direction towards the surface of the central axis 2, with an electric field strength of E2.

[0052] Furthermore, refer to Figure 1 , The inner cavity of the fusion reaction chamber 11 can be spherical or ellipsoidal, the inductance tube 12 is circular tubular or truncated conical tubular, the minimum radial cross-section of the inductance tube 12 is integrally connected to the cutouts on both sides of the fusion reaction chamber 11, and the diameter of the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber 11 is 1.2 - 1.5 times the diameter of the minimum radial cross-section of the inductance tube 12.

[0053] In this embodiment, the inner cavity of the fusion reaction chamber 11 is spherical, and the inductance tube 12 is circular tubular. In the axial direction, as the two ends of the fusion reaction chamber 11 approach the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber 11, an electric potential well is formed within the fusion reaction chamber 11, strengthening the confinement effect on the fuel ions within the fusion reaction chamber 11, reducing the escape of fuel ions and the leakage of fuel, thereby improving the fuel utilization rate.

[0054] Furthermore, referring to Figure 1 , the symmetric center of the central axis 2 is a sphere, and the two ends of the central axis 2 are cylinders. The diameter of the sphere at the symmetric center of the central axis 2 is greater than the diameter of the cylinders at the two ends of the central axis 2. The sphere and the cylinder are connected by a tapered surface for transition. By locally increasing the diameter of the central electrode through the spherical structure at the symmetric center, the distance between the inner wall of the fusion reaction chamber 11 and the central electrode is reduced, locally strengthening the electric field intensity in the middle region of the fusion reaction chamber 11, and further increasing the kinetic energy of the radially polarized ion ring 8 during circular motion.

[0055] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the inductance coil 3 is wound around the outer wall of the vacuum combustion furnace 1. Specifically, the winding method of the inductance coil 3 is to wind from the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber 11 towards both ends of the inductance tube 12, and the inductance coil 3 is symmetric about the XY plane. When a constant current is passed through the inductance coil 3, the inductance coil 3 generates a confinement magnetic field along the axial direction of the vacuum combustion furnace 1. By adjusting the magnitude of the constant current, the magnitude of the confinement magnetic field intensity can be adjusted. At the same time, the inductance coils 3 on both sides of the XY plane are equivalent to two magnets with opposite poles facing each other. The self-magnetic fields of the two inductance coils 3 are superimposed on each other in the middle region, and the magnetic field intensity at the central position of the fusion reaction chamber 11 is the smallest, denoted as B min , while the magnetic field intensity at both ends of the fusion reaction chamber 11 is the largest because they are close to the magnetic pole of one of the magnets, denoted as B max , and the confinement magnetic field forms a magnetic mirror with a weak middle and strong ends within the fusion reaction chamber 11. The magnetic mirror ratio is R = B max / Bmin . By adjusting the distance between the inductance coils 3 on both sides of the XY plane, the magnetic mirror ratio of the confinement magnetic field within the fusion reaction chamber 11 can be adjusted.

[0056] When the fusion reaction causes an induced current to be generated in the inductance coil 3, the induced current is connected to the power grid 31 through external devices such as filters and transformers and is input into the power grid 31 through the external devices for use, thereby realizing the external output of electrical energy.

[0057] Furthermore, permanent magnets 7 are arranged at both ends of the vacuum combustion furnace 1, and the two permanent magnets 7 are arranged with opposite poles facing each other, so as to generate a confinement magnetic field in the axial direction of the vacuum combustion furnace 1 in the vacuum combustion furnace 1, which is superimposed on the confinement magnetic field generated by the inductance coil 3. Since the inductance coil 3 continuously generates a magnetic field and consumes a large amount of electric power, using the confinement magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 7 to replace part of the confinement magnetic field that the inductance coil 3 needs to maintain can reduce the energy consumption of the inductance coil 3 and reduce the cost of the device.

[0058] Refer to Figure 1 , the divertor 4 is installed around one end of the inductance tube 12 away from the fusion reaction chamber 11 to guide the high-energy charged ions in the fusion products to deflect to the side wall of the inductance tube 12 for collection. The neutron moderation chamber 5 is installed at the end of the inductance tube 12 to absorb the high-energy neutrons in the fusion products and convert them into heat energy to improve the energy recovery efficiency.

[0059] The experimental principle of this device: When injecting fusion fuel ions into the vacuum combustion furnace 1, a radial polarization electric field is established between the vacuum combustion furnace 1 and the central axis 2, and a confinement magnetic field is established by the inductance coil 3 along the axial direction. The polarization electric field polarizes the fusion fuel ions; the Coulomb repulsion force of the fusion fuel ions is balanced with the polarization electric field, and the confinement magnetic field confines the ions to move within the fusion reaction chamber 11, and the magnetic mirror axially compresses the ions in a non-contact manner, causing the fuel ions on both sides to gather and collide towards the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber 11, triggering nuclear fusion. Compared with the traditional fusion device that uses the energy input conditions of high temperature and high pressure to trigger the disordered collision fusion of fuel, this device guides the fuel to perform directional collisions with orbits and directions through orthogonal electromagnetic fields, not only abandoning the dependence on the experimental conditions of high temperature and high pressure, reducing the energy input of the fusion device, reducing the production and manufacturing cost of the device, thus increasing the collision probability and being beneficial to improving the fusion efficiency.

[0060] In the second aspect, based on the above-mentioned orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device, the present application also provides an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion method, refer to Figure 4 , including the following steps:

[0061] S1. Construct an orthogonal electromagnetic field: First, apply a potential difference of at least 30 KV between the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace 1 and the central axis 2, with the inner wall connected to the positive electrode and the central axis 2 connected to the negative electrode, so as to generate a polarization electric field pointing from the surrounding to the center in the vacuum combustion furnace 1. This polarization electric field accelerates the ions injected into it to reach an energy of at least 20 KeV and is in the ideal rising region of the fusion reaction cross-section; pass a current through the inductance coil 3 or install a permanent magnet 7 to establish a confinement magnetic field in the vacuum combustion furnace 1, and the minimum value of the confinement magnetic field is not less than 0.1 T, and the confinement magnetic field has a magnetic mirror structure in the fusion reaction chamber 11.

[0062] Furthermore, by increasing the input potential difference and the confinement magnetic field, the kinetic energy of the ion beam can be increased, which is beneficial to increasing the steady-state circular motion radius of the subsequent ion beam in the fusion reaction chamber 11.

[0063] S2. Inject fuel: Refer to Figure 5 , ionize the fuel through an external ion source, and discharge the electrons therein; then accelerate the ions to form an ion beam with an initial velocity greater than 10^5 m / s, and inject it into the fusion reaction chamber 11 through the ion beam injection port; the injection direction of the ion beam is completely perpendicular to the axial magnetic field direction; in this embodiment, deuterium is selected as the fuel for the D-D fusion reaction. Alternatively, deuterium, tritium, helium-3 or hydrogen-like element can also be selected for the mixed fuel reaction.

[0064] S3. Radially polarized ion ring 8: Refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the deuterium ion beam injected perpendicular to the axial magnetic field direction is more easily trapped by the orthogonal electromagnetic field due to its certain initial velocity and polarization, and under the acceleration of the polarization electric field and the deflection of the axial magnetic field, it finally forms a polarized radially polarized ion ring 8 with steady-state circular motion; at this time, the electric field directions of all ions in the polarized radially polarized ion ring 8 tend to be consistent with the polarization electric field direction, the electric force and magnetic force received by the ions are equal, and the ions will form a multi-ring structure with observable different orbital stratifications due to different initial velocities.

[0065] S4. Induced FRC: The radially polarized ion rings 8 moving in the same direction attract each other and generate a pinch effect. The polarized radially polarized ion ring 8 is more likely to self-excite and induce a reversed field configuration FRC. The FRC is more compact and stable, and the FRC serves as a fixed target for the fusion reaction; in this embodiment, the formation and operation of the FRC can be clearly observed.

[0066] S5. Axial fusion: Refer to Figure 8 , the ion beam injected from the first injection port 6 forms a radially polarized ion ring 8 with steady-state circular motion in the weak magnetic region of the symmetric center XY plane, which is a relatively fixed FRC target; the ion beams injected from the second injection ports 61 on both sides, due to being in the strong magnetic region of the magnetic field, are superimposed with the axial magnetic force generated by the magnetic mirror, and move in a spiral circular motion and accelerate towards the symmetric center XY plane from both sides. When reaching the XY plane, the axial velocity reaches the maximum, and collides with the oncoming ions or directly impacts the FRC target on the central plane.

[0067] Furthermore, the polarized radially polarized ion ring 8 in this embodiment has a multi-ring distribution structure with layered multi-orbits. Any radially polarized ion ring 8 on the same orbit can undergo multi-ring ignition collision fusion with the radially polarized ion ring 8 on the same orbit. The reaction cross-section active region is wider and the fusion efficiency is higher.

[0068] Furthermore, the ion beam injected from the first injection port 6 in this embodiment forms a radially polarized FRC on the symmetric center XY plane, becoming a relatively fixed FRC target, and the range of its motion radius completely covers the orbits of the fusion products T and He. 3 At the same time, the fusion products T and He 3 have greater axial kinetic energy and will continue to participate in secondary fusion reactions, such as T-D, He 3 -D, T-T, He 3 -He 3 reactions, releasing more energy.

[0069] S6. Energy recovery: The high-energy charged particles and high-energy neutrons generated by fusion are emitted axially in a conical shape, and the emission angle is controlled within ±10° axially; when the high-energy charged particles pass through the inductance coil 3, induced power generation occurs and electrical energy is output externally, and finally is led out by the divertor 4; the high-energy neutrons are absorbed by the neutron moderation chamber 5 to generate heat energy.

[0070] Experimental example

[0071] Set the fusion reaction chamber 11 of the vacuum combustion furnace 1 to be spherical, with a radius of 0.3 m, the maximum radius of the central axis 2 is 0.1 m, and the magnetic mirror ratio is 1.414. Set the injected fuel to be deuterium ions, the initial velocity of the deuterium ions is 10^5 m / s, the corresponding kinetic energy is 5 KeV, the ion beam injects deuterium ions perpendicular to the axial magnetic field, and the incident inclination angle is 70 degrees. The deuterium ions form a radially polarized FRC at a radius of r = 0.15 m. Conduct the following experiments:

[0072] Experimental example 1

[0073] The input voltage is 30 KV, and the magnetic field strength is controlled to be 0.13 T. At this time, the toroidal velocity of the circular motion reaches 1.46×10^6 m / s, and the period is 0.5 us; when the ion beams injected from both sides accelerate axially and reach the central XY plane, the maximum velocity reaches 1.0×10^6 m / s, and the kinetic energy of hitting the central plane FRC target or colliding head-on reaches 15 KeV (single collision with the FRC target) or 30 KeV (head-on collision), which is in the active rising region of the D-D reaction cross-section and is sufficient to trigger a nuclear fusion reaction.

[0074] Experimental example 2

[0075] The input voltage is 100 KV, and the magnetic field strength is controlled to be 0.268 T. At this time, the toroidal velocity of the circular motion reaches 2.68×10 6m / s, with a period of 0.3 us; when the ion beams injected from both sides move axially and are accelerated to reach the central XY plane, the maximum speed reaches 1.58×10^6 m / s. The kinetic energy of hitting the central plane FRC target or colliding head-on reaches 25 KeV (single collision with the FRC target) or 50 KeV (head-on collision) respectively, which is in the relatively active rising region of the D-D reaction cross-section, facilitating the realization of an effective D-D nuclear fusion reaction.

[0076] In summary, the present invention proposes an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device and a fusion method. By constructing a radially polarized electric field and an axially confining magnetic field that are perpendicular to each other, multiple injected polarized ion beams are accelerated and deflected, and a stable multi-layer multi-orbit structure radially polarized ion ring 8 and a radially polarized ion ring 8 current self-excited induced reverse field configuration FRC are formed. Under the action of the magnetic mirror, the ion beams injected from both sides move in a spiral circular motion and are accelerated towards the central FRC target, and high-frequency collisions and head-on collisions occur repeatedly in the symmetric center region, triggering multi-ring ignition fusion; the fusion products continue to undergo secondary fusion reactions, thus greatly improving the fusion efficiency; the conical directional emission of the fusion products facilitates the realization of induction power generation, heat energy recovery, and automatic ash discharge, enabling the present invention to have the ability of continuous ignition and continuous operation; at the same time, it avoids the impact of high-energy fusion products on the equipment, greatly reducing the device cost.

[0077] Based on the disclosure and teachings of the above specification, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can also make changes and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. Any obvious improvements, substitutions, or variations made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience of description and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. An orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device, characterized in that, including A vacuum combustion furnace (1), including a fusion reaction chamber (11) symmetric about a central plane and inductance tubes (12) connected to both ends of the fusion reaction chamber (11). A first injection port (6) and a second injection port (61) are arranged side by side on the fusion reaction chamber (11). The first injection port (6) is arranged on the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber (11), and the second injection port (61) is arranged on both sides of the first injection port (6); A central axis (2) passes through the vacuum combustion furnace (1), and the central axis (2) extends along the axis of the vacuum combustion furnace (1). When a potential difference is applied between the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace (1) and the central axis (2), a polarization electric field is generated inside the vacuum combustion furnace (1); An inductance coil (3) is wound around the outer wall of the vacuum combustion furnace (1). The inductance coil (3) is used to generate a confinement magnetic field along the axial direction of the vacuum combustion furnace (1), and the confinement magnetic field forms a magnetic mirror inside the fusion reaction chamber (11); and the inductance coil (3) also outputs electric energy outward; A divertor (4) is arranged around the circumference of the inductance tube (12) and is used to collect high-energy charged particles generated by fusion; A neutron moderation chamber (5) is arranged at both ends of the vacuum combustion furnace (1) and is used to collect high-energy neutrons generated by fusion.

2. The orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device according to claim 1, wherein Permanent magnets (7) are arranged at both ends of the vacuum combustion furnace (1), and the permanent magnets (7) generate a confinement magnetic field along the axial direction of the vacuum combustion furnace (1).

3. An orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner cavity of the fusion reaction chamber (11) is spherical or ellipsoidal, the inductance tube (12) is circular tube-shaped or truncated conical tube-shaped, and the diameter of the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber (11) is 1.2 - 1.5 times the diameter of the smallest radial cross-section of the inductance tube (12).

4. An orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The symmetric center of the central axis (2) is set as a sphere, and both ends of the central axis (2) are set as cylinders. The sphere and the cylinder are connected by a tapered surface for transition connection.

5. An orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion method, applied to an orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion device as described in claims 1-4, characterized in that, including the following steps: S1. Construct an orthogonal electromagnetic field: By applying a constant potential difference U between the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace (1) and the central axis (2), a polarization electric field is generated inside the vacuum combustion furnace (1); By the inductance coil (3), a confinement magnetic field along the axis of the vacuum combustion furnace (1) is generated, and the confinement magnetic field forms a magnetic mirror symmetric about the central plane in the fusion reaction chamber (11); S2. Fuel injection: Ionize and accelerate the fusion fuel through an external ion source device to form an ion beam with an initial velocity v0 of not less than 10 5 m / s, and inject the ion beam into the fusion reaction chamber (11) from the first injection port (6) and the second injection port (61) respectively; S3. Radially polarized ion rings (8): The ion beam injected from the first injection port (6) undergoes radial polarization in the polarization electric field, manifested as the self-generated electric field direction of all ions always tending to be consistent with the polarization electric field direction; Under the combined action of the orthogonal polarization electric field and the confinement magnetic field, each radially polarized ion is synchronously accelerated and deflected, and each forms a radially polarized ion ring (8) with a stable circular motion. The radially polarized ion rings (8) automatically form a stratified multi-ring distribution with different orbital radii due to different speeds; S4, Induced FRC: All polarized radially polarized ion rings (8) flow to self-excite and induce FRC. The direction of the internal magnetic field of the FRC is opposite to the direction of the externally applied confinement magnetic field. The FRC serves as a fixed target for the fusion reaction; S5, Axial fusion: The ion beam injected from the second injection port (61) is accelerated by a helical motion under the action of a magnetic mirror and approaches the central plane of the fusion reaction chamber (11), and undergoes an axially oscillating motion symmetric about the central plane; The axially oscillating ions collide with each other or collide with the ions in the FRC target, triggering multi-ring ignition fusion. The fusion generates high-energy charged particles and high-energy neutrons, and the fusion products continue to participate in secondary fusion reactions with the ions in the FRC target; S6, Energy recovery: The high-energy charged particles and high-energy neutron fusion products generated by fusion are emitted axially in a conical direction, and the emission angle is controlled within ±10° axially. When the high-energy charged particles pass through the inductance coil (3), induced power generation occurs and electrical energy is output externally, and finally they are led out by the divertor (4); The high-energy neutrons are absorbed by the neutron moderation chamber (5) to generate heat energy.

6. A method for orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S1, the constant potential difference U between the inner wall of the vacuum combustion furnace (1) and the central axis (2) is not less than 30 kV, and the magnetic field strength of the confinement magnetic field is not less than 0.1 T.

7. A method for orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion according to claim 4, characterized in that In step S2, it further includes injecting the ion beam into the fusion reaction chamber (11) in a direction perpendicular to the axis.

8. A method for orthogonal electromagnetic field confinement fusion according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, it further includes adjusting the movement radius of the radially polarized ion ring (8) by adjusting the incident inclination angle of the ion beam, and the range of the incident inclination angle is 40° - 70°.

Images