High-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure three-dimensional model testing and monitoring system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure three-dimensional model test and monitoring system and method, and the system comprises a test loading system, a dynamic monitoring system, and a control system. The three-dimensional model test loading system comprises an annular frame type counter-force supporting structure used for providing external surrounding rock constraint counter-force support, a central cylinder pressure-bearing counter-force device coaxially nested in an annular frame and used for applying an internal high-pressure load, and a distributed servo loading unit array. The dynamic monitoring system comprises a contact type load monitoring module, an internal deformation monitoring module and a fluid pressure closed-loop monitoring module used for feeding back internal water pressure in real time. The control system can preset a stiffness coefficient or a surrounding rock displacement-counter-force change curve according to surrounding rock characteristics and test requirements, and monitors data to adjust the pressure value of the actuator in real time, so as to realize dynamic force-displacement tracking control; through integration of loading, monitoring and control functions, the cooperative deformation response characteristics of the surrounding rock and the structure of the energy storage artificial cavern are truly simulated, and the consistency of the test and the actual working condition is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy storage caverns, and in particular to a three-dimensional model test and monitoring system and method for a high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure. Background Art

[0002] In deep underground projects such as hydropower and high-pressure water transmission tunnels and underground compressed gas storage caverns, the support structure of the storage cavern must withstand the complex constraints of internal high-pressure cyclic charging and discharging loads and external surrounding rock. However, existing technologies have the following limitations:

[0003] Insufficient simulation of dynamic constraints of surrounding rock: Traditional test devices mostly use fixed ground stress loading methods, which cannot reflect the dynamic changes of surrounding rock constraints during the deformation of support structures, resulting in significant deviations between test results and actual working conditions; Weak research on synergistic action mechanisms: Existing studies lack in-depth analysis of the synergistic deformation response mechanism of support structures and surrounding rocks, especially the linear or nonlinear constraint characteristics of surrounding rocks during cyclic charging and discharging, which are difficult to effectively simulate; Single function of the test system: Existing devices usually do not integrate sealing balance, cyclic loading and multi-dimensional monitoring functions, making it difficult to simulate the internal and external coupling of actual energy storage caverns, and unable to capture complete data on the dynamic response of the structure; Insufficient adaptability: Existing technologies make it difficult to flexibly adjust surrounding rock parameters (such as stiffness coefficient, displacement-reaction relationship), limiting their applicability to different geological conditions and complex engineering scenarios.

[0004] These deficiencies make it difficult for existing testing methods to accurately assess the structural stability of deep-ground energy storage caverns, hindering project safety and design optimization. Therefore, a testing system and method that can simulate the dynamic constraints of the surrounding rock mass, integrate multi-parameter control, and perform high-precision monitoring is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above-mentioned issues, the present application provides a three-dimensional model test and monitoring system and method for high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structures, which implements dynamic force-displacement tracking control and thus truly reflects the cooperative deformation response mechanism and structural stability of the energy storage cavern under high internal pressure and the surrounding rock. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] The first aspect of the present application provides a deep underground high internal pressure energy storage cavern stability simulation and dynamic monitoring system, including a test loading system, a dynamic monitoring system and a control system, wherein the test loading system includes an annular frame reaction force support structure for providing external surrounding rock constraint reaction force support, a central cylindrical pressure reaction force device coaxially nested in the annular frame and used to apply internal high pressure load, and a distributed servo loading unit array, wherein the servo loading unit array includes a plurality of servo hydraulic actuators, which are distributed along the circumference of the annular frame and are used to simulate the non-uniform constraint characteristics of the surrounding rock partitions; the dynamic monitoring system includes a contact load monitoring module, an internal The internal deformation monitoring module and the fluid pressure closed-loop monitoring module for real-time feedback of internal water pressure are provided. The contact load monitoring module includes a force sensor and a displacement sensor installed at the end of each actuator to collect the surrounding rock constraint force and the loading end displacement in real time; the internal deformation monitoring module includes a displacement sensor group passing through the central axis of the central cylindrical pressure reaction device, which is used to directly measure the radial and axial deformation of the energy storage cavern support structure; the control system can be preset as a stiffness coefficient or a surrounding rock displacement-reaction force change curve according to the surrounding rock characteristics and test requirements, and the pressure value of the actuator can be adjusted in real time based on the monitoring data to achieve dynamic force-displacement tracking control.

[0007] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring system for the high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure provided in one embodiment, the loading surface of the actuator is a curved surface, and its curvature is equal to the initial curvature of the loaded structure.

[0008] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring system for the high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure provided in one embodiment, the actuators are divided into several independent control groups along the circumference of the annular frame, and each group includes two actuators symmetrically distributed above and below.

[0009] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring system of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cave lining structure provided in one embodiment, the test loading system also includes a sealing cover actuator loading device, which is composed of a sealing cover, a sealing strip and a circumferentially distributed hydraulic loading device, and is used to dynamically balance the sealing load under the internal high-pressure environment.

[0010] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring system of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cave lining structure provided in one embodiment, the control system realizes internal circulation charging and discharging pressure through a servo water pump, simulates the charging and releasing process of the energy storage cave, and dynamically adjusts the pressurization speed according to the water pressure sensor data.

[0011] The second aspect of the present application provides a three-dimensional model test and monitoring method for a high-pressure hydrogen storage cave lining structure, comprising the following steps: S1 installing a support structure and inputting surrounding rock parameters, setting a load-displacement relationship for a passive response actuator; S2 loading initial surrounding rock constraints and sealing cover balance pressure; S3 applying internal high pressure through a servo water pump and monitoring deformation, dynamically adjusting the actuator displacement to simulate the synergistic effect of the surrounding rock; and S4 collecting data in real time until a preset test state is reached.

[0012] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring method of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cave lining structure provided in one embodiment, in step S3, the control system calculates and compensates the actuator displacement in real time based on the load change value monitored by the force sensor and the preset surrounding rock displacement-reaction curve.

[0013] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring method of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure provided in one embodiment, the sealing cover pressure is adjusted in real time according to the internal water pressure, including the loading of the initial equilibrium sealing pressure and dynamic adjustment during the test.

[0014] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring method of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure provided in one embodiment, the load-displacement response relationship of the servo-controlled actuator can be set to a linear or nonlinear mode to simulate the mechanical properties of different surrounding rock grades.

[0015] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring method of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure provided in one embodiment, the annular frame reaction support structure and the central cylindrical pressure reaction device jointly provide reaction support to ensure the stability and uniformity of the test loading.

[0016] The beneficial effects of a three-dimensional model test and monitoring system and method for a high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure provided in some embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0017] (1) Realistic simulation of surrounding rock dynamic constraints: The load-displacement response relationship (linear or nonlinear) of the surrounding rock is loaded by the servo-controlled actuator, accurately simulating the coordinated deformation of the surrounding rock and the support structure, significantly improving the consistency between the test and the actual working conditions.

[0018] (2) Flexible control of multiple parameters: Parameters such as the surrounding rock stiffness coefficient and displacement-reaction curve can be adjusted to adapt to different surrounding rock grades and geological conditions, thereby expanding the scope of application of the test system.

[0019] (3) Internal and external load coupling simulation: Integrating internal high-pressure cyclic loading (servo water pump) and external surrounding rock constraint loading, the internal and external coupling effects of the energy storage cavern charging and discharging process are simulated synchronously to reveal the complex force mechanism.

[0020] (4) High-precision dynamic monitoring: Through 12 external displacement sensors, 24 force sensors and water pressure sensors, the structural deformation, contact load and internal pressure changes are captured in real time, and the dynamic response laws are fully analyzed.

[0021] (5) Sealing balance optimization: The sealing cover actuator is used to dynamically adjust the sealing pressure to avoid internal pressure leakage or excessive constraint, ensuring the rationality of the structural stress distribution during the test.

[0022] (6) Double reaction frame design: The annular frame reaction support structure and the central cylindrical pressure reaction device work together to provide stable support, ensuring the system stiffness and uniform force under high internal pressure loading.

[0023] (7) Dynamic feedback control: Based on sensor data, the actuator displacement and water pump pressure speed are adjusted in real time to achieve adaptive control of the test process and improve simulation accuracy and reliability.

[0024] (8) Outstanding engineering application value: It provides a high-reliability test method for the structural design, safety assessment and surrounding rock adaptability research of deep underground energy storage caverns, reduces engineering risks and optimizes support schemes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the deep underground high internal pressure energy storage cavern stability simulation and dynamic monitoring system applied in this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the three-dimensional model test and monitoring system for the high-pressure hydrogen storage cave lining structure applied in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which this disclosure belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0030] The first aspect of the present application provides a three-dimensional model test and monitoring system for a high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, it includes a test loading system, a dynamic monitoring system and a control system. The test loading system includes an annular frame reaction support structure 4 for providing external surrounding rock constraint reaction support, a central cylindrical pressure reaction device 2 coaxially nested in the annular frame and used to apply internal high-pressure loads, and a distributed servo loading unit array. The inner circumference of the annular frame reaction support structure 4 matches the outer contour of the energy storage cavern support structure, the inner circumference of the central cylindrical pressure reaction device 2 matches the outer contour of the energy storage cavern support structure, and the servo loading unit array includes a plurality of servo hydraulic actuators 7, which are distributed along the circumference of the annular frame and are used to simulate the non-uniform constraint characteristics of the surrounding rock partitions; the dynamic The dynamic monitoring system includes a contact load monitoring module, an internal deformation monitoring module, and a fluid pressure closed-loop monitoring module for real-time feedback of internal water pressure. The contact load monitoring module includes a force sensor 6 and a displacement sensor 5 installed at the end of each actuator 7 to collect the surrounding rock constraint force and loading end displacement in real time; the internal deformation monitoring module includes a displacement sensor group 8 that passes through the central axis of the central cylindrical pressure reaction device, which is used to directly measure the radial and axial deformation of the energy storage cavern support structure; the control system can be preset to a stiffness coefficient or a surrounding rock displacement-reaction force change curve based on the surrounding rock characteristics and test requirements, and the pressure value of the actuator can be adjusted in real time based on the monitoring data to achieve dynamic force-displacement tracking control.

[0031] Among them, the central cylindrical pressure reaction device 2 is internal high water pressure loading, simulating the pressure change inside the support structure during the energy storage cavern charging and discharging process. The internal high water pressure loading realizes the pressurization and pressure relief process through a servo-controlled high-pressure water pump; the external actuator is active and passive loading: active loading simulates the pressure effect of the external surrounding rock on the energy storage cavern support structure, and passive response simulates the constraint effect of the external surrounding rock on the energy storage cavern support structure.

[0032] The three-dimensional model test and monitoring system of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure of this application integrates loading, monitoring and control functions to realistically simulate the coordinated deformation response of the energy storage cavern and the surrounding rock, thereby improving the consistency between the test and the actual working conditions; the nested design of the annular frame and the central cylinder forms a dual reaction force transmission path to ensure the overall stability of the system under high internal pressure; through the composite layout of contact and non-contact sensors, the global deformation of the support structure and the evolution law of the contact load are fully captured.

[0033] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring system for the high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure provided in one embodiment, the loading surface of the actuator 7 is a curved surface, and its curvature is equal to the initial curvature of the loaded structure.

[0034] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring system of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure provided in one embodiment, Figure 1-2 As shown, the actuators 7 are divided into several independent control groups along the circumference of the annular frame, and each group includes two actuators symmetrically distributed in the upper and lower directions.

[0035] Specifically, the dynamic monitoring system includes 12 external displacement sensors 5, 24 actuator force sensors 6, a cover plate pressure sensor and an internal water pressure sensor, which collects structural deformation, contact load and pressure data in real time.

[0036] According to the above embodiment, the non-uniform constraint effect of different surrounding rock areas on the energy storage cavern is accurately simulated through the curved loading surface and multi-region collaborative driving; and the dynamic response law of the energy storage cavern structure is fully captured through the collaborative monitoring of multi-dimensional sensors.

[0037] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring system of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure provided in one embodiment, Figure 1-2 As shown, the test loading system also includes a sealing cover actuator loading device, which consists of a sealing cover 3, a sealing strip and a circumferentially distributed hydraulic loading device 1, and is used to dynamically balance the sealing load under the internal high-pressure environment. The sealing cover actuator loading is used to achieve the sealing effect of the upper sealing cover and balance the internal water pressure, prevent internal pressure leakage or excessive constraint, and ensure the rationality of the sealing and structural stress distribution during the test.

[0038] The sealing cover 3, through the equipment's central reaction frame, provides a vertical support force on the upper surface of the structure under test, providing the vertical sealing load required by the structure under high internal pressure. The sealing load is adjusted according to the internal pressure to prevent excessive pressure from affecting the stress distribution of the structure under test, while also preventing insufficient pressure from causing internal water pressure leakage.

[0039] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring system of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure provided in one embodiment, the control system realizes internal circulation charging and discharging pressure through a servo water pump, simulates the charging and releasing process of the energy storage cavern, and dynamically adjusts the pressurization speed according to the water pressure sensor data to accurately simulate the charging and discharging cycle of the actual energy storage cavern, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the test to dynamic working conditions.

[0040] Among them, the control system controls the internal water pressure loading curve and size to cause the support structure to deform. The external actuator calculates and controls the servo actuator to compensate or reduce the displacement value based on the pre-set load-displacement response relationship of the servo control actuator and the load change observed by the monitoring system, thereby simulating the mechanical properties of the tunnel surrounding rock and the synergistic mechanism of the external surrounding rock and Zhihu structure.

[0041] A second aspect of the present application provides a three-dimensional model test and monitoring method for a deep underground high internal pressure energy storage and high pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1 installs the high internal pressure energy storage cavern support structure and inputs the surrounding rock parameters. Then, the control parameters are input into the system to set the load-displacement relationship of the passive response actuator, simulating the constraint effect of the external surrounding rock on the energy storage cavern.

[0043] S2 Loading initial surrounding rock constraint and sealing cover balance pressure: Load the external passive response actuator to the initial state, that is, the initial load of the stratum environment where the support structure is located on the support structure. During the loading process, all actuators can be controlled by stress or displacement and reach the initial stable state; Load the external passive response actuator to the initial state, that is, the initial load of the stratum environment where the support structure is located on the support structure. During the loading process, all actuators can be controlled by stress or displacement and reach the initial stable state. Load the initial balance sealing pressure of the upper cover plate. The purpose is to form a sealed space inside the energy storage cavern to load water pressure. During the experiment, the cover plate pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the internal pressure change law of the energy storage structure to achieve the effect of balancing the internal pressure and avoid excessive upper boundary constraint due to excessive pressure on the upper cover plate;

[0044] S3 applies internal high pressure through a servo pump and monitors deformation, dynamically adjusting the actuator displacement to simulate the synergistic effect of the surrounding rock. The servo pump is turned on to apply internal pressure, and a time-pressure relationship is established. The energy storage cavern support structure deforms in response to the continuous increase in internal pressure, causing the load at the interface between the tunnel support structure and the passive actuator to change accordingly. Force sensors monitor the real-time load value and transmit the change to the control system. Based on the actuator load-displacement relationship, the control system calculates compensatory or reduced displacement and adjusts the passive actuator displacement to the specified position, simulating the synergistic effect of internal pressure and external surrounding rock constraints on the energy storage cavern support structure.

[0045] S4 collects data in real time until the structure fails.

[0046] The three-dimensional model testing and monitoring method for a deep-ground high-pressure energy storage and high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure disclosed herein utilizes parametric control and a dynamic feedback mechanism to achieve high-precision simulation of the stability of the energy storage cavern under complex geological environments. During the test, 12 external displacement sensors dynamically monitor structural deformation data in real time, while 24 force sensors dynamically monitor the contact load between the structure and external actuators, transmitting this data to the control system. The control system makes real-time adjustments based on the preset load-displacement relationship of the external actuators. A cover plate pressure sensor monitors the contact pressure between the cover plate and the structure in real time and transmits this data to the control system. The control system adjusts the cover plate pressure in real time based on the internal water pressure to achieve a sealing and water pressure balance. An internal water pressure sensor monitors changes in internal pressure in real time, and the control system dynamically adjusts the pressurization speed of the servo water pump based on the data transmitted by the water pressure sensor to simulate the charging and discharging process of the high-pressure energy storage cavern. These sensors, along with the control system and loading system, work together to simulate the synergistic effects of internal pressure and external surrounding rock constraints on the energy storage cavern support structure, as well as to monitor the dynamic response of the energy storage cavern support structure.

[0047] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring method of the deep underground high internal pressure energy storage and high pressure hydrogen storage cave lining structure provided in one embodiment, in step S3, the control system calculates and compensates the actuator displacement in real time based on the load change value monitored by the force sensor and the preset surrounding rock displacement-reaction curve, ensuring the dynamic matching of the external surrounding rock constraints with the internal pressure changes, thereby improving the authenticity of the test.

[0048] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring method of the deep underground high internal pressure energy storage and high pressure hydrogen storage cave lining structure provided in one embodiment, the sealing cover pressure is adjusted in real time according to the internal water pressure, including the loading of the initial balanced sealing pressure and dynamic adjustment during the test, to avoid the influence of excessive or insufficient sealing pressure on the structural stress distribution and ensure the reliability of the test data.

[0049] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring method of the deep underground high internal pressure energy storage and high pressure hydrogen storage cave lining structure provided in one embodiment, the load-displacement response relationship of the servo-controlled actuator can be set to a linear or nonlinear mode to simulate the mechanical properties of different surrounding rock grades, flexibly adapt to a variety of surrounding rock types, and expand the scope of application of the test device.

[0050] For example, in the three-dimensional model test and monitoring method of the deep underground high internal pressure energy storage and high pressure hydrogen storage cave lining structure provided in one embodiment, the annular frame reaction support structure and the central cylindrical pressure reaction device jointly provide reaction support to ensure the stability and uniformity of the test loading. Through the double reaction frame design, the overall stiffness of the system is enhanced to avoid structural deviation during the loading process.

[0051] The three-dimensional model test and monitoring system and method of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure of the present application simulates the constraint force-deformation relationship of the real surrounding rock by controlling the load-displacement of the servo actuator, can simulate the linear and nonlinear characteristics of the surrounding rock, and takes into account the synergistic interaction between the stratum surrounding rock and the underground energy storage space support structure; simulates the load and constraint effect of the surrounding rock on the energy storage cavern through an external surrounding rock passive response actuator with adjustable parameters, and simulates the linear and nonlinear response process of surrounding rock of different grades by changing the surrounding rock parameters in the control system; realizes the internal cyclic charging and depressurization of the support structure through the servo-controlled water pump, simulating the charging and depressurization process of the actual energy storage cavern structure during energy storage; and dynamically monitors the dynamic response law of the stress and deformation of the energy storage cavern structure in real time through force sensors, displacement sensors and water pressure sensors.

[0052] Although the implementation scheme of the present application has been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation mode. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present application. For those familiar with this field, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present application is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional model test and monitoring system for high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structures, characterized in that: include: The test loading system includes an annular frame reaction support structure for providing external surrounding rock constraint reaction support, a central cylindrical pressure reaction device coaxially nested within the annular frame and used to apply internal high-pressure loads, and a distributed servo loading unit array. The servo loading unit array includes multiple servo hydraulic actuators distributed along the circumference of the annular frame to simulate the non-uniform constraint characteristics of surrounding rock partitions. The dynamic monitoring system includes a contact load monitoring module, an internal deformation monitoring module, and a fluid pressure closed-loop monitoring module for real-time feedback of internal water pressure. The contact load monitoring module includes force sensors and displacement sensors installed at the ends of each actuator to collect real-time surrounding rock constraint force and loading end displacement. The internal deformation monitoring module includes a displacement sensor group that runs through the central axis of the central cylindrical pressure reaction device to directly measure the radial and axial deformation of the energy storage cavern support structure. The control system can be preset to the stiffness coefficient or the surrounding rock displacement-reaction force change curve according to the surrounding rock characteristics and test requirements, and the pressure value of the actuator can be adjusted in real time based on the monitoring data to achieve dynamic force-displacement tracking control.

2. The three-dimensional model test and monitoring system for high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The loading surface of the actuator is a curved surface, and its curvature is equal to the initial curvature of the loaded structure.

3. The three-dimensional model test and monitoring system for high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The actuators are divided into several independent control groups according to the circumference of the annular frame, and each group includes two actuators symmetrically distributed in the upper and lower parts.

4. The three-dimensional model test and monitoring system for high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The test loading system also includes a sealing cover actuator loading device, which is composed of a sealing cover, a sealing strip and a circumferentially distributed hydraulic loading device, and is used to dynamically balance the sealing load under an internal high-pressure environment.

5. The three-dimensional model test and monitoring system for high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control system realizes internal circulation charging and discharging pressure through a servo water pump, simulates the charging and releasing process of the energy storage chamber, and dynamically adjusts the pressurization speed according to the water pressure sensor data.

6. A three-dimensional model test and monitoring method for a high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 installs the support structure and inputs the surrounding rock parameters to set the load-displacement relationship of the passive response actuator; S2 loads the initial surrounding rock constraint and sealing cover balance pressure; S3 applies internal high pressure through a servo water pump and monitors deformation, dynamically adjusting the actuator displacement to simulate the synergistic effect of the surrounding rock; S4 collects data in real time until the preset test state is reached.

7. The three-dimensional model test and monitoring method for high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step S3, the control system calculates and compensates the actuator displacement in real time based on the load change value monitored by the force sensor and in combination with a preset surrounding rock displacement-reaction force curve.

8. The three-dimensional model test and monitoring method for high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The sealing cover pressure is adjusted in real time according to the internal water pressure, including the loading of the initial balanced sealing pressure and the dynamic adjustment during the test process.

9. The three-dimensional model test and monitoring method for high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The load-displacement response relationship of the servo-controlled actuator can be set to linear or nonlinear mode to simulate the mechanical characteristics of different surrounding rock grades.

10. The three-dimensional model test and monitoring method for high-pressure hydrogen storage cavern lining structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The annular frame reaction support structure and the central cylindrical pressure reaction device jointly provide reaction support to ensure the stability and uniformity of the test loading.

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