Punching composite wear test method and device in high-temperature liquid environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a punching composite wear test method and device in a high-temperature liquid environment, and relates to the field of tribological test, the device comprises a T-shaped table, the outer wall of a test cavity is wrapped with a heating element, an impact motion module is arranged above the test cavity, and a cooling device is arranged in the middle of the test cavity; the impact motion module is installed on the impact motion platform, the lifting mechanism is installed on the lifting servo motor lead screw module on the rear side of the normal loading lead screw module, and meanwhile the precise linear modules are arranged on the two sides of the lifting mechanism. Through multi-shaft linkage control, impact, tangential composite and single impact, tangential fretting wear tests, impact force closed-loop control and convenient mutual conversion between a loading and unloading station and a test station can be realized, and the influence of a complex environment on sensitive components in the test is fully considered through key component position design. The device can be used for micro-motion and sliding wear tests in complex environments such as high temperature, liquid, atmosphere and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tribological testing, and in particular to a punching composite wear test method and device in a high-temperature liquid environment. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development and application of nuclear power technology, higher requirements have been placed on the safety, economy and sustainability of nuclear energy. Countries around the world are actively carrying out the research and development of fourth-generation advanced nuclear power technology, with high-temperature gas-cooled reactors as one of the representative technologies of the fourth-generation nuclear energy system.

[0003] Among them, lead-cooled fast reactors using liquid LBE as a high-temperature coolant have also attracted much attention from researchers at home and abroad. They have significant technical advantages such as high energy efficiency and strong inherent safety, but they also have problems with material service damage such as oxidation corrosion and dissolution corrosion that affect the safety of equipment operation. In addition, the heat transfer component of the LFR steam generator is a multi-layer spirally wound heat transfer tube. The heat transfer tubes between adjacent layers are wound in opposite directions. Water and high-temperature steam are inside the heat transfer tube, and high-temperature LBE fluid is outside the tube. Under the flow of liquid lead-bismuth alloy between the tube bundles, micro-wear occurs between the heat transfer tube and the supporting material due to flow-induced vibration, which can lead to thinning or perforation of the tube wall, seriously affecting the service reliability of the reactor.

[0004] In summary, there is a lack of data on the core components of existing fourth-generation nuclear reactors in complex environments, and there is a lack of test equipment for multi-physics field coupling, and it is difficult to provide effective experimental data on the wear resistance of materials of key components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a punching composite wear test method and device in a high-temperature liquid environment to solve the technical problems of lack of data in complex environments, lack of multi-physical field coupling test equipment, and difficulty in providing effective experimental data on the wear resistance of materials of key components.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a punching composite wear test device in a high-temperature liquid environment, comprising a T-shaped platform, a test cavity mounted on the T-shaped platform, the outer wall of the test cavity being wrapped with a heating element, an impact motion module being installed above the test cavity, and a cooling device being provided in the middle, the impact motion module being mounted on the impact motion platform, and the normal loading force being adjustable by a normal loading servo motor screw module;

[0007] The lifting mechanism is installed on the lifting servo motor screw module on the rear side of the normal loading screw module. At the same time, precision linear modules are provided on both sides to assist the vertical lifting of the cavity end cover and the impact motion module. A tangential motion module is installed on the right side of the test cavity, and the tangential motion is transmitted through the tangential axis. A cam preload compensation module is installed on the left side of the test cavity. A liquid storage kettle is installed on the rear side of the cam preload compensation device. The liquid storage kettle is connected to the bottom of the test kettle through a metal pipe through the infusion pipe port in the test cavity. An external air path system is provided to press the liquid environment into the test kettle.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution and through multi-axis linkage control, impact, tangential composite and single impact, tangential micro-motion wear tests, closed-loop control of impact force, and convenient mutual conversion between loading and unloading stations and test stations can be realized. By designing the positions of key components, the influence of complex environments on sensitive components during the test is fully considered, so that the present invention can carry out micro-motion and sliding wear tests in complex environments such as high temperature, liquid, and atmosphere. At the same time, through a multi-channel high-precision data acquisition system and modular tools such as PID and IO based on the Labview programming environment, real-time data feedback on the operating behavior of the micro-motion interface material is carried out.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that the impact motion module includes an impact shaft servo motor, a sensor, a synchronous pulley and a crank slider mechanism. The servo motor serves as an active component, and converts rotational motion into linear motion in the impact axis through the synchronous belt and the crank slider mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the impact transmission shaft adopts an eccentric structure, which works together with the output shaft, slider frame, and guide rail slider to convert rotational motion into linear motion, and the eccentricity of the drive shaft is set to be small, which can effectively reduce the vibration and jitter caused during the impact process. The upper clamp, grinding pair and water inlet of the impact shaft cooling device are installed at one end of the impact shaft close to the test cavity, which can reduce the heat transmitted from the test kettle while ensuring rigidity, thereby protecting the linear guide rail slider and sensitive components at the rear end.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the tangential motion module includes a tangential servo motor, a cam mechanism, a dynamic force sensor, an elastic element, a bearing seat, and a cam bearing. The tangential servo motor serves as an active component, and converts rotational motion into tangential micro-motion through the cam mechanism and related supporting elements.

[0012] Preferably, the simulation of tangential micro-motion is achieved by a tangential motion module located on the frame, and the elastic element provides pre-pressure to make the cam bearing and the cam interface fit tightly.

[0013] The present invention is further configured such that the test kettle is made of an integrally cast aluminum alloy.

[0014] As a preferred method, while reducing the overall weight of the equipment, it can ensure optimal dimensional stability, good rigidity and processing and assembly accuracy. At the same time, the test chamber adopts a split design to facilitate disassembly after the test is completed.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that the test kettle is installed inside a resistance wire heater wrapped with heat-insulating cotton, and is supported externally by a test kettle base.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the contact area between the test kettle and the test cavity is reduced. At the same time, the thermal insulation cotton significantly promotes the conduction of temperature, which can reduce the dissipation of heat and achieve the purpose of protecting sensitive components.

[0017] The present invention is further configured such that the tangential motion module is driven by a tangential servo motor, and a design is adopted in which a cam is used as an active component and a cam bearing is used as a driven component.

[0018] Preferably, the use of lubricating grease can significantly improve the wear problem of the active and driven parts during the test process, thereby increasing the service life of the testing machine.

[0019] The present invention is further configured such that a tangential force compensation device is installed on the left side of the test chamber, the tangential force compensation device adopts a hand-rock ball screw with a retainer and an elastic element design, and a pressure sensor is installed at the end of the tangential force compensation device.

[0020] Preferably, the compensation force can be maintained and adjusted to ensure good contact between the cam bearing and the cam, and a pressure sensor is used to measure and adjust the compensating tangential force in real time, so that the force data can be visualized.

[0021] A punching composite wear test method in a high-temperature liquid environment comprises the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Drive the screw module to lift the test chamber end cover and the impact module, so that the test equipment is in the loading and unloading position;

[0023] Step 2: Install the fixture and the sample. After completion, drive the screw module to make the cavity end cover fit perfectly with the upper installation position of the cavity and check the sealing performance.

[0024] Step 3: If the test requires temperature, the resistance wire heater must be turned on first, and the liquid LBE is pressed into the test kettle after the test chamber reaches the preset temperature;

[0025] Step 4: Drive the normal loading screw module to ensure full contact between the grinding pair and the specimen;

[0026] Step 5: Preset the tangential and impact motion test parameters in the program and start the program;

[0027] Step 6: Drive the normal loading screw module according to the sensor reading, adjust the impact force to the preset value, and start the test;

[0028] Step 7: After the test is completed, the liquid LBE is pressed back into the liquid storage kettle through the air inlet on the upper side of the test chamber. After the test chamber cools down, the servo motor is driven to lift the end cover of the test chamber, so that the test equipment is in the loading and unloading position, the fixture and specimen are removed, and steps 1-6 are repeated for the next set of tests.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solutions, the punching and composite wear device can restore the service status of key components in extreme environments to the greatest extent possible, simulate the damage evolution and laws of materials under extreme working conditions, and evaluate and screen out beneficial materials and processes.

[0030] In summary, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The present invention uses a punching composite wear device to maximize the restoration of the service state of key components in extreme environments, simulate the damage evolution and laws of materials under extreme working conditions, and evaluate and screen out beneficial materials and processes;

[0032] 2. The present invention, through multi-axis linkage control, can realize impact, tangential composite and single impact, tangential fretting wear tests, closed-loop control of impact force, convenient mutual conversion between loading and unloading stations and testing stations, and other beneficial functions, making the testing machine more versatile and more convenient and reliable to operate;

[0033] 3. The present invention fully considers the impact of complex environments on sensitive components during the test by designing the positions of key components, enabling the present invention to conduct fretting and sliding wear tests in complex environments such as high temperature, liquid, and atmosphere;

[0034] 4. The present invention provides real-time data feedback on the operating behavior of micro-motion interface materials through a multi-channel high-precision data acquisition system and modular tools such as PID and IO based on the Labview programming environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a logic block diagram of a single tangential motion of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A logic block diagram of a single impact motion of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a logic block diagram of the punching and shearing compound motion of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional overall diagram of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a simplified cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 A perspective view of a tangential motion module of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 A perspective view of the impact motion module of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 A perspective view of a tangential cooling water jacket according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 9 A perspective view of the impingement cooling water jacket of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 10 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the tangential force compensation device of the present invention.

[0045] Description of reference numerals:

[0046] 1. T-type stage; 2. Test chamber; 3. Tangential motion module; 4. Lifting rack; 5. Impact module platform; 6. Linear guide slider; 7. Lifting servo motor screw module; 8. Tangential cooling device; 9. Tangential force compensation device; 10. Test chamber end cover; 11. Liquid storage kettle; 12. Impact shaft cooling device; 13. Crank slider mechanism; 14. Normal loading servo motor screw module; 15. Test kettle base; 16. Resistance wire heater; 17. Test kettle; 18. Tangential axis; 19. Specimen; 20. Lower fixture; 21. Infusion tube port; 22. Tangential servo motor Machine; 23. Cam; 24. Cam bearing; 25. Dynamic force sensor; 26. Output shaft; 27. Impact drive shaft; 28. Normal load force sensor; 29. Slider frame; 30. Linear guide slider; 31. Impact shaft; 32. Upper fixture; 33. Grinding pair; 34. Impact shaft servo motor; 35. Synchronous pulley; 36. Inlet and outlet of tangential axis cooling device; 37. Linear guide and slider of tangential axis cooling device; 38. Inlet and outlet of impact shaft cooling device; 39. Grating sensor; 40. Pressure sensor; 41. Elastic element; 42. Hand-cranked screw module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0048] The following describes an embodiment of the present invention based on its overall structure.

[0049] First embodiment:

[0050] See also Figures 1-10The present invention shows a punching composite wear test method and device in a high-temperature liquid environment. The structure of the test device includes a T-type stage 1 and a test cavity 2 installed on the T-type stage 1. The test cavity 2 is integrally cast with a high-strength aluminum alloy, which can reduce the overall weight of the equipment while ensuring optimal dimensional stability, good rigidity and processing and assembly accuracy. At the same time, the test cavity adopts a split design to facilitate disassembly after the test is completed. An impact module platform 5 is installed above the test cavity 2, and an impact shaft cooling device 12 is provided in the middle. The impact motion module is installed on the impact motion frame by bolts, and the servo motor screw module is loaded normally. Group 14 can adjust the normal loading force, and the lifting frame 4 is installed on the lifting servo motor screw module 7 located on the rear side of the normal loading servo motor screw module 14. At the same time, linear guide sliders 6 are arranged on both sides for linear lifting of the test cavity end cover 10 and the impact motion module. A tangential motion module 3 is installed on the right side of the test cavity end cover 10 for driving the tangential axis 18 to perform tangential motion, and a tangential force compensation device 9 is installed on the left side of the test cavity end cover 10. A liquid storage kettle 11 is installed on the rear side of the tangential force compensation device 9, and the liquid storage kettle 11 is connected to the bottom of the test kettle 17 through a metal pipe through the infusion pipe port 21 in the test cavity 2.

[0051] In the above embodiment, please refer to Figure 6 The tangential motion module 3 includes a tangential servo motor 22, a cam 23, a dynamic force sensor 25, an elastic element 41, a bearing seat, and a cam bearing 24. The tangential servo motor 22 serves as an active component, and converts the rotational motion into a tangential micro-motion through the cam 23 and related supporting components. The simulation of the tangential micro-motion is realized by the tangential motion module 3 located on the frame. The elastic element 41 provides pre-pressure to make the interface between the cam bearing 24 and the cam 23 fit tightly, and the tangential motion module 3 is driven by the tangential servo motor 22. At the same time, the design of using the cam 23 as the active component and the cam bearing 24 as the driven component can significantly improve the wear problem of the active component and the driven component during the test with grease, thereby increasing the service life of the testing machine.

[0052] In the above embodiment, please refer to Figure 7, wherein the impact motion module includes an impact shaft servo motor 34, a sensor, a synchronous pulley 35 and a crank slider mechanism 13. The impact shaft servo motor 34 serves as an active component, and converts rotational motion into linear motion of the impact axis through the synchronous pulley 35 and the crank slider mechanism 13. At the same time, a normal load force sensor 28 is installed inside the frame of the crank slider mechanism 13 to measure the force of the impact shaft 31 acting on the tangential axis 18. The impact transmission shaft 27 adopts an eccentric structure and the output shaft 26, the slider frame 29, and the linear guide slider 30 to convert rotational motion into linear motion. The eccentric distance of the drive shaft is set to be small, which can effectively reduce the vibration and jitter caused by the impact process. The upper clamp 32, the grinding pair 33 and the water inlet and outlet 38 of the impact shaft cooling device are installed on the end of the impact transmission shaft 27 close to the test chamber 2. While ensuring rigidity, it can reduce the heat transmitted from the test kettle 17, protecting the linear guide slider 30 and the sensitive components at the rear end.

[0053] In the above embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 The tangential shaft 18 adopts a sunken design, which can avoid the consideration of dynamic sealing problems in a liquid test environment. Since the sample 19 and the lower clamp 20 are connected to the tangential shaft 18 by threads, the length of the unsupported section of the tangential shaft 18 is shortened, and the test kettle 17 is installed inside the resistance wire heater 16 wrapped with thermal insulation cotton, and is supported by the test kettle base 15 on the outside, which reduces the contact area between the test kettle 17 and the test cavity 2. At the same time, the thermal insulation cotton has a significant promoting effect on temperature conduction, which can reduce heat dissipation and achieve the purpose of protecting sensitive components.

[0054] In the above embodiment, please refer to Figure 10 The tangential force compensation device 9 adopts a hand-cranked screw module 42 with a retainer and an elastic element 41, so that the compensation force can be maintained and adjusted, and the cam bearing 24 can ensure good contact with the cam 23. A pressure sensor 40 is installed at the end of the tangential force compensation device 9 for real-time measurement and adjustment of the compensated tangential force, so that the force data can be visualized. At the same time, a grating sensor 39 is installed next to the tangential cooling device 8 for measuring the tangential displacement and feeding it back to the host computer in real time.

[0055] Second embodiment:

[0056] See also Figure 8 and Figure 9The illustrated method and device for punching composite wear testing in a high-temperature liquid environment have an overall structure similar to that of Example 1, wherein the tangential cooling device 8 and the impact shaft cooling device 12 are installed near the test chamber 2, and the water inlet and outlet 36 of the tangential shaft cooling device and the water inlet and outlet 38 of the impact shaft cooling device are designed to realize cooling water circulation. At the same time, the cooling device is connected to the tangential shaft portion and is equipped with a linear guide slider 30 and a tangential shaft cooling device linear guide and slider 37, which can reduce the heat transmitted from the test kettle 17 while ensuring rigidity, thereby protecting the linear guide slider 30 and sensitive components at the rear end.

[0057] When the present invention is in specific operation: the screw module is driven to lift the test cavity end cover and the impact module, so that the test equipment is in the loading and unloading position, the fixture and the sample are installed, and after completion, the screw module is driven to make the cavity end cover perfectly fit the installation position on the upper side of the cavity, and the sealing performance is checked. If there is a temperature requirement for the test, the resistance wire heater must be turned on first, and the liquid LBE is pressed into the test kettle after the test cavity reaches the preset temperature. The normal loading screw module is driven to ensure full contact between the grinding pair and the sample. The tangential and impact motion test parameters are preset in the program, the program is started, and the normal loading screw module is driven according to the sensor reading. The impact force is adjusted to the preset value and the test is started. After the test is completed, the liquid LBE is pressed back into the liquid storage kettle through the air inlet on the upper side of the test cavity. After the test cavity is cooled, the servo motor is driven to lift the test cavity end cover, so that the test equipment is in the loading and unloading position, the fixture and the sample are removed, and then the above steps are repeated to continue to the next set of tests.

[0058] Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, this specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the invention. The specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications, substitutions and variations to the embodiment without creative contribution as needed without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A punching composite wear test device in a high-temperature liquid environment, comprising a T-shaped platform and a test chamber mounted on the T-shaped platform, characterized in that: The outer wall of the test cavity is wrapped with a heating element, an impact motion module is installed above the test cavity, and a cooling device is provided in the middle. The impact motion module is installed on the impact motion platform, and the normal loading force can be adjusted by the normal loading servo motor screw module. The lifting mechanism is installed on the lifting servo motor screw module on the rear side of the normal loading screw module. At the same time, precision linear modules are provided on both sides to assist the vertical lifting of the cavity end cover and the impact motion module. A tangential motion module is installed on the right side of the test cavity to transmit tangential motion through the tangential axis. A cam preload compensation module is installed on the left side of the test cavity. A liquid storage kettle is installed on the rear side of the cam preload compensation device. The liquid storage kettle is connected to the bottom of the test kettle through the infusion pipe port in the test cavity through a metal pipe. An air path system is provided on the outside to press the liquid environment into the test kettle.

2. The punching and shearing composite wear testing device in a high-temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact motion module includes an impact shaft servo motor, a sensor, a synchronous pulley and a crank slider mechanism. The servo motor serves as an active component and converts rotational motion into linear motion in the impact axis through the synchronous belt and the crank slider mechanism.

3. The punching and shearing composite wear testing device in a high-temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tangential motion module includes a tangential servo motor, a cam mechanism, a dynamic force sensor, an elastic element, a bearing seat, and a cam bearing. The tangential servo motor serves as an active component and converts rotational motion into tangential micro-motion through the cam mechanism and related supporting elements.

4. The punching and shearing composite wear testing device in a high-temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test kettle is made of aluminum alloy and cast in one piece.

5. The punching and shearing composite wear testing device in a high-temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test kettle is installed inside a resistance wire heater wrapped with heat-insulating cotton, and is supported externally by a test kettle base.

6. The punching and shearing composite wear testing device in a high-temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tangential motion module is driven by a tangential servo motor, and adopts a design in which a cam is an active component and a cam bearing is a driven component.

7. The punching and shearing composite wear testing device in a high-temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tangential force compensation device is installed on the left side of the test cavity. The tangential force compensation device adopts a design of a hand-held rock ball screw with a retainer and an elastic element, and a pressure sensor is installed at the end of the tangential force compensation device.

8. A punching composite wear test method in a high-temperature liquid environment, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Drive the screw module to lift the test chamber end cover and the impact module, so that the test equipment is in the loading and unloading position; Step 2: Install the fixture and the sample. After completion, drive the screw module to make the cavity end cover fit perfectly with the upper installation position of the cavity and check the sealing performance. Step 3: If the test requires temperature, the resistance wire heater must be turned on first, and the liquid LBE is pressed into the test kettle after the test chamber reaches the preset temperature; Step 4: Drive the normal loading screw module to ensure full contact between the grinding pair and the specimen; Step 5: Preset the tangential and impact motion test parameters in the program and start the program; Step 6: Drive the normal loading screw module according to the sensor reading, adjust the impact force to the preset value, and start the test; Step 7: After the test is completed, the liquid LBE is pressed back into the liquid storage kettle through the air inlet on the upper side of the test chamber. After the test chamber cools down, the servo motor is driven to lift the end cover of the test chamber, so that the test equipment is in the loading and unloading position. The upper fixture, lower fixture and specimen are removed, and steps 1-6 are repeated for the next set of tests.

9. The punching composite wear test method in a high-temperature liquid environment according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the test device needs to simulate a liquid LBE environment, the heating element is turned on for preheating and the cooling circuit is opened. The test chamber end cap is then moved by the lifting servo motor module until the chamber is sealed. Inert gas is introduced into the test kettle at the end of the gas line until the liquid LBE enters the test kettle. The test can begin after the test kettle temperature sensor reaches the preset test temperature. If the medium is solid at room temperature, it is necessary to wait until the test kettle temperature sensor reaches the preset temperature and maintain the temperature for a period of time before introducing inert gas and continuing until the liquid LBE is completely introduced into the test kettle before the test can begin.

10. The punching composite wear test method in a high-temperature liquid environment according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the tangential motion module drives the tangential axis to perform tangential motion, the cam mechanism and cam bearing can convert the rotational motion of the servo motor into linear motion, and then the linear motion is transmitted through the follower to drive the fixture and specimen on the tangential axis to perform tangential reciprocating motion. The tangential axis is equipped with a grating sensor and a dynamic force sensor, which can realize real-time feedback reading of tangential displacement and friction force.

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