Built-in oil cylinder integrated tailstock with double-movement and double-adjustment functions

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of machine tools, in particular to a built-in oil cylinder integrated tailstock with double-movement and double-adjustment functions, which comprises a tailstock body and a tailstock body driving mechanism, the tailstock body driving mechanism is used for driving the tailstock body to slide on a machine tool, a center is arranged on the tailstock body in a sliding manner, and the center is arranged opposite to a main shaft of the machine tool. An oil cylinder assembly is arranged in the tailstock body and used for driving the center to slide, and the sliding direction of the center is consistent with the sliding direction of the tailstock body. The problems that an existing machine tool is limited in adjusting range and large in size can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of machine tools, and in particular to a built-in oil cylinder integrated tailstock with dual movement and dual adjustment functions. Background Art

[0002] As a crucial component of machine tools, the tailstock plays a key role in supporting the workpiece and ensuring machining stability. Precise adjustment between the center and the machine spindle is crucial for ensuring machining adaptability and precision for workpieces of varying sizes.

[0003] Currently, some tailstocks only allow for overall tailstock movement. This adjustment method limits the adjustment range between the center and the machine tool spindle. In actual machining, when encountering workpieces with lengths, diameters, and other specifications outside the established range, effective support and precise machining become difficult, significantly limiting the machine tool's applicable machining scenarios.

[0004] Although some other machine tools have the function of movable tips, their drive methods mostly rely on external cylinders. External cylinders require the addition of independent cylinder bodies, pipelines and fixed brackets outside the tailstock, which greatly increases the overall volume of the tailstock. In addition, the processing is difficult. The assembly of the external cylinder and the tailstock body must ensure high-precision coaxiality, and the sealing requirements at the pipeline interface are strict. The additional processing steps and debugging time increase the processing cost of each piece. Furthermore, the cost investment is high. In addition to purchasing the cylinder body, auxiliary equipment such as mounting bases and hydraulic valve groups are also required, which increases the initial equipment procurement cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a tailstock with a built-in oil cylinder integrated with dual movement and dual adjustment functions, so as to solve the problems of limited adjustment range and large size of existing machine tools.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The built-in hydraulic cylinder integrated tailstock with dual movement and dual adjustment functions includes a tailstock body and a tailstock body driving mechanism. The tailstock body driving mechanism is used to drive the tailstock body to slide on the machine tool. A top is slidingly provided on the tailstock body, and the top is arranged relative to the main shaft of the machine tool. A hydraulic cylinder assembly is provided in the tailstock body, and the hydraulic cylinder assembly is used to drive the top to slide. The sliding direction of the top is consistent with the sliding direction of the tailstock body.

[0008] Preferably, as an improvement, a sleeve shell is fixed on the top of the tailstock body, the rear end of the sleeve shell is connected to the oil cylinder, the oil cylinder and the sleeve shell are formed as one piece, the tailstock sleeve is sealingly and slidingly connected in the sleeve shell, a piston is integrally formed on the tailstock sleeve, the piston is sealingly and slidingly arranged in the oil cylinder, the front and rear sides of the oil cylinder are connected to the oil nozzle, the front end of the tailstock sleeve is provided with a tapered hole, and the top taper is connected in the tapered hole.

[0009] Preferably, as an improvement, the tailstock sleeve is connected to a limiting assembly.

[0010] Preferably, as an improvement, the rear end of the tailstock sleeve extends outside the tailstock body and is connected to a connecting plate, the other end of the connecting plate is connected to a guide rod, the guide hole guide rod is slidably connected in the tailstock body, and a position sensor is installed at the front end of the guide rod.

[0011] Preferably, as an improvement, the connecting plate is detachably connected to the tailstock sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, the tailstock body drive mechanism includes a guide rail fixed on the machine tool, a base is slidably connected to the guide rail, the tailstock body is fixed on the base, the tailstock body drive mechanism also includes a drive assembly, the drive assembly includes a screw assembly, the base is fixedly connected to the nut of the screw assembly, and the screw of the screw assembly is connected to a motor.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, the driving assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to a fixed block fixed to the end of the guide rail.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the ratio of the length of the oil cylinder to the length of the sleeve housing is 3:4.

[0015] The principles and beneficial effects of this program are:

[0016] 1. In this solution, both the center and the tailstock body can slide. This dual-adjustment and dual-movement structure greatly expands the adjustment range and can adapt to the processing of more workpieces of different sizes and shapes. Whether it is a slender shaft or a short and thick disk, it can be accurately positioned and clamped, improving the versatility of machine tool processing. In addition, the built-in oil cylinder makes the tailstock look simpler and neater, without the complicated pipes and abrupt parts of the external oil cylinder. It not only reduces oil contamination and dust accumulation, keeps the tailstock clean, but also facilitates the layout and management of machine tools in the workshop. Moreover, the built-in oil cylinder is less affected by external environmental factors (such as collisions, scratches, etc.), and the working environment is relatively stable, which can reduce failures caused by external interference, so that the center drive system can operate stably for a long time and ensure processing accuracy and quality.

[0017] 2. This solution integrates the tailstock sleeve and piston into one piece, which not only fully utilizes the space inside the tailstock body, but also reduces the weak points in the connection between the piston and the tailstock sleeve. The overall structural strength and rigidity are improved, and it is not easy to deform when subjected to large hydraulic pressure and processing loads, thus ensuring the stability and accuracy of the top movement. In addition, it can also reduce the number of parts and processing procedures, reduce the cost of raw material procurement, parts processing and assembly, and the simplified structure also reduces the cost of subsequent maintenance and replacement of parts. In addition, the one-piece structure can also reduce the connection gap, make the hydraulic oil flow smoother, the pressure transmission more uniform, improve the cylinder response speed and movement accuracy, and thus improve the stability and reliability of the top drive.

[0018] 3. Setting a limit assembly can effectively prevent the center from exceeding the safe movement range, avoiding accidents such as equipment collision and workpiece damage caused by excessive extension or retraction of the center, and ensuring the safety of operators and equipment. Compared with traditional mechanical limiters, the use of position sensors as limit components can provide real-time feedback on the center position information, providing accurate data for the CNC system, facilitating the automation and intelligent control of center movement, and improving processing efficiency and precision.

[0019] 4. When the center is worn, damaged, or needs to be replaced with a different type of center, the connecting plate can be removed and the ejector pin can be inserted from the rear end of the tailstock sleeve to eject the center. There is no need for complicated overall disassembly operations, which greatly shortens the repair and maintenance time.

[0020] 5. The tailstock drive assembly uses a screw assembly to achieve smaller feed rate control, meeting the need for micro-adjustment of the tailstock position during precision machining, such as grinding, boring and other high-precision machining processes. Screw assemblies such as ball screws have high transmission efficiency and low energy loss. In the process of driving the tailstock to move, they can effectively reduce energy consumption and save production costs. The screw assembly is precisely machined and assembled, and its motion accuracy is well maintained during long-term use. Frequent calibration and adjustment are not required, ensuring the long-term stability of the tailstock positioning accuracy. The hydraulic system can conveniently and steplessly adjust the tailstock movement speed by adjusting the flow and pressure. The dual drive mode of the screw assembly and hydraulic system can meet the diverse requirements of different machining processes for the tailstock movement speed.

[0021] 6. This solution integrates the sleeve housing and cylinder using a one-piece molding process, eliminating the assembly interface and connection gaps of traditional split-body structures, significantly improving overall rigidity and sealing performance. This reduces the number of parts and assembly steps, simplifying the manufacturing process and lowering costs. Furthermore, it avoids the risk of hydraulic oil leakage associated with a split-body setup. The integrated machining process also ensures internal flow path precision, minimizing hydraulic drive response delays and improving position control accuracy, ensuring stable and accurate top movement.

[0022] In addition, the oil cylinder is only located at the rear end of the sleeve housing, and the length ratio of the oil cylinder to the sleeve housing is 3:4. Instead of occupying the entire internal space of the sleeve housing, the front end (the end closest to the machine tool spindle) of the sleeve housing is retained to cooperate with the tailstock sleeve. The longer sleeve housing can provide sufficient support length for the top, effectively supporting the tailstock sleeve, suppressing the radial swing of the top, and enhancing the stability of workpiece clamping. The shorter length of the oil cylinder at the rear end can reduce the volume, shorten the oil filling and draining time, and improve the efficiency of the top advance and retreat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the tailstock body in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tailstock body in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tailstock body in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0028] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: machine tool 1, tailstock body 2, center 3, tailstock sleeve 4, guide rail 5, base 6, nut 7, screw 8, motor 9, connecting plate 10, guide rod 11, oil nozzle 12, oil cylinder 13, piston 14, tapered hole 15, hydraulic cylinder 16, piston rod 17, fixed block 18, electromagnetic clutch 19, sleeve housing 20. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a built-in oil cylinder integrated tailstock with dual movement and dual adjustment functions includes a machine tool 1 and a tailstock body 2. The tailstock body 2 is slidably arranged on the machine tool 1. The machine tool 1 is provided with a tailstock body drive mechanism, which is used to drive the tailstock body 2 to slide on the machine tool. Specifically, the tailstock body drive mechanism includes two guide rails 5 fixed to the machine tool 1, and a base 6 is slidably connected to the two guide rails 5. The tailstock body 2 is bolted to the base 6. The tailstock body drive mechanism also includes a drive assembly. In this embodiment, the drive assembly includes a screw assembly. The nut 7 of the screw assembly is fixedly connected to the bottom of the base 6. The screw 8 of the screw assembly is located between the two guide rails 5. The screw 8 is connected to a motor 9.

[0032] A center 3 is slidably mounted on the tailstock body 2. The center 3 is arranged relative to the main shaft of the machine tool 1. A cylinder assembly is arranged inside the tailstock body 2. The cylinder assembly is used to drive the center 3 to slide. The sliding direction of the center 3 is consistent with the sliding direction of the tailstock body 2. Figure 3 As shown, a sleeve housing 20 is fixed to the top of the tailstock body 2, and the rear end of the sleeve housing 20 is connected to the oil cylinder 13. The oil cylinder 13 and the sleeve housing 20 are integrally formed. The tailstock sleeve 4 is sealed and slidably connected in the sleeve housing 20. A piston 14 is integrally formed on the tailstock sleeve 4. The piston 14 is sealed and slidably arranged in the oil cylinder 13. The front and rear sides of the oil cylinder 13 are connected to the oil nozzle 12. The front end of the tailstock sleeve 4 is provided with a tapered hole 15, and the top 3 is taper-connected in the tapered hole 15. The tailstock sleeve 4 is connected to a limit assembly. The rear end of the tailstock sleeve 4 extends to the outside of the tailstock body 2 and is detachably connected to a connecting plate 10. The other end of the connecting plate 10 is connected to a guide rod 11. The guide rod 11 is slidably connected to the body of the tailstock body 2. The limit assembly includes a position sensor installed at the front end of the guide rod 11. The position sensor is electrically connected to the machine tool control system.

[0033] In actual use, the workpiece is clamped between the center 3 and the machine tool spindle. When faced with workpieces of different lengths, the distance between the tailstock body 2 and the spindle needs to be significantly adjusted: the operator enters the target position parameters for the movement of the tailstock body 2 on the operating interface of the machine tool control system according to the length of the workpiece. The control system starts the operation of the motor 9 according to the preset speed and direction of rotation. The rotational motion of the motor 9 is transmitted to the screw 8 through the coupling, and the screw 8 begins to rotate. Since the nut 7 of the screw assembly is fixedly connected to the base 6, according to the transmission principle of the screw 8 and nut 7, the nut 7 will perform a linear motion along the axis of the screw 8 when the screw 8 rotates. The nut 7 drives the base 6, and then drives the tailstock body 2 fixed on the base 6 to move smoothly along the guide rail 5.

[0034] When fine-tuning the distance between center 3 and the spindle is necessary for more precise workpiece positioning and clamping, the operator selects the direction of center 3's movement (left or right) in the machine control system based on the actual workpiece clamping conditions and processing requirements. For example, if there is a gap between the workpiece and center 3, requiring center 3 to move leftward to secure it against the workpiece, oil is supplied through right nozzle 12; if center 3 needs to be loosened, oil is supplied through left nozzle 12. When pressurized oil enters cylinder 13 from right nozzle 12, the oil pressure acts on the right side of piston 14, pushing piston 14 leftward. Because piston 14 is integrally formed with tailstock quill 4, piston 14 moves tailstock quill 4 leftward, which in turn drives center 3 leftward, gradually securing it against the workpiece. During this process, a position sensor mounted on the front end of guide rod 11 monitors the position of tailstock quill 4 (i.e., center 3) in real time and provides feedback to the machine control system. Based on the position sensor's feedback, the control system adjusts the oil flow and pressure entering cylinder 13 in real time to precisely control the distance center 3 moves.

[0035] This solution effectively saves space and reduces the size of the equipment by placing the oil cylinder 13 component that drives the center 3 inside. At the same time, the tailstock body 2 and the center 3 can be moved and adjusted in a dual manner. According to different workpieces and processing conditions, the spacing between the tailstock body 2 and the position of the center 3 can be flexibly adjusted to achieve precise clamping and processing, thereby improving the applicability of the machine tool, processing accuracy and operating convenience.

[0036] Example 2:

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that a hydraulic cylinder 16 is used as the driving assembly. A fixing block 18 is bolted to the machine tool 1 at the right end of the guide rail 5. The piston rod 17 of the hydraulic cylinder 16 is fixedly connected to the fixing block 18. The hydraulic cylinder 16 drives the piston rod 17 to extend and retract, thereby pulling or pushing the base 6 to move on the guide rail 5, thereby driving the tailstock body 2 to move, thereby achieving a large adjustment of the distance between the tailstock body 2 and the machine tool spindle.

[0038] Example 3:

[0039] Combine Figure 5As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the piston 14 and the tailstock sleeve 4 are arranged separately, the tailstock sleeve 4 on the left side of the piston 14 is separated from it, and the left side of the piston 14 is connected to the tailstock sleeve 4 on its left side through an electromagnetic clutch 19. The active end of the electromagnetic clutch 19 is rigidly connected to the left end of the piston 14 by a bolt; the driven end of the electromagnetic clutch 19 is connected to the right end key of the left tailstock sleeve 4 by a spline or a flat key, and the top 3 is taper-connected to the left tailstock sleeve 4. A travel switch is built into the electromagnetic clutch 19. The travel switch is set near the armature of the electromagnetic clutch 19 and is connected to the armature by a connecting rod. The travel switch is connected to the machine tool control system, and the machine tool control system is electrically connected to an audible and visual alarm and a display.

[0040] In this embodiment, when the electromagnetic clutch 19 is energized, its internal electromagnetic coil generates a magnetic field, driving the active and passive ends to engage, achieving torque transmission. This allows the piston 14 to move the left tailstock sleeve 4, which in turn drives the centering tip 3, thereby adjusting the position of the centering tip 3. During this process, the hydraulic system pushes the piston 14, ensuring clamping stability through rigid transmission in conventional machining. For example, this prevents the centering tip 3 from axial movement during heavy cutting operations. When the electromagnetic clutch 19 is de-energized, the magnetic field within the internal electromagnetic coil rapidly decays, and the magnetic lines of force are unable to maintain a closed magnetic circuit between the active and passive ends. The return spring built into the passive end releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the armature away from the active end, restoring the friction plate gap to its initial state. This disengages the active and passive ends of the electromagnetic clutch 19, and the movement of the piston 14 no longer drives the left tailstock sleeve 4. At this point, the operator can manually remove the left tailstock sleeve 4 and the centering tip 3 mounted thereon, quickly replacing the remaining tailstock sleeve 4 and centering tip 3, improving the efficiency and speed of centering tip 3 replacement. It can meet the processing scenarios or working conditions of quickly replacing the center 3 and the matching tailstock sleeve 4 rather than simply replacing the center 3, such as the need to frequently replace the center 3 in small batch processing of multiple varieties, or the requirements for fast positioning and stable connection in high-precision processing.

[0041] When center 3 is subjected to an abnormal axial impact during machining, the driven end of electromagnetic clutch 19 detects that the torque exceeds the rated value (for example, more than 1.3 times the rated torque), causing the friction plate to slip and the armature to undergo axial displacement. This displacement is transmitted through the connecting rod, triggering the travel switch to operate. The machine tool control system immediately cuts off the spindle power and hydraulic oil circuit, and simultaneously controls the sound and light alarm to sound an audible and visual alarm, and the control display screen displays a prompt such as "Overload protection triggered, center 3 sleeve needs to be checked."

[0042] This embodiment can not only avoid the explosion of the oil cylinder 13 or the bending of the lead screw 8 due to overload in the traditional rigid connection, but also, due to the linkage design of the travel switch and the armature, can quickly respond to overload and effectively protect the core components of the machine tool.

[0043] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution are not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the description can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. Built-in hydraulic cylinder integrated tailstock with dual movement and dual adjustment functions, characterized by: It includes a tailstock body and a tailstock body driving mechanism. The tailstock body driving mechanism is used to drive the tailstock body to slide on the machine tool. A top is slidingly provided on the tailstock body. The top is arranged opposite to the main shaft of the machine tool. A cylinder assembly is provided in the tailstock body. The cylinder assembly is used to drive the top to slide. The sliding direction of the top is consistent with the sliding direction of the tailstock body.

2. The tailstock with built-in hydraulic cylinder and dual-movement and dual-adjustment functions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A sleeve housing is fixed on the top of the tailstock body, and the rear end of the sleeve housing is connected to the oil cylinder. The oil cylinder and the sleeve housing are integrally formed. The tailstock sleeve is sealed and slidably connected in the sleeve housing. A piston is integrally formed on the tailstock sleeve, and the piston is seal-slidably set in the oil cylinder. The front and rear sides of the oil cylinder are connected with oil nozzles. A tapered hole is set at the front end of the tailstock sleeve, and the top taper is connected in the tapered hole.

3. The tailstock with built-in hydraulic cylinder and dual-movement and dual-adjustment functions according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The tailstock sleeve is connected to the limit assembly.

4. The tailstock with built-in hydraulic cylinder and dual-movement and dual-adjustment functions according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The rear end of the tailstock sleeve extends to the outside of the tailstock body and is connected with a connecting plate, the other end of the connecting plate is connected with a guide rod, the guide hole guide rod is slidably connected in the tailstock body, and a position sensor is installed at the front end of the guide rod.

5. The tailstock with built-in hydraulic cylinder and dual-movement and dual-adjustment functions according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The connecting plate and the tailstock sleeve are detachably connected.

6. The tailstock with built-in hydraulic cylinder and dual-movement and dual-adjustment functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tailstock body drive mechanism includes a guide rail fixed on the machine tool, a base is slidably connected to the guide rail, the tailstock body is fixed on the base, the tailstock body drive mechanism also includes a drive assembly, the drive assembly includes a screw assembly, the base is fixedly connected to the nut of the screw assembly, and the screw of the screw assembly is connected to the motor.

7. The built-in hydraulic cylinder integrated tailstock with dual movement and dual adjustment functions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The driving assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder, a piston rod of which is connected to a fixed block fixed to the end of the guide rail.

8. The built-in oil cylinder integrated tailstock with dual movement and dual adjustment functions according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The ratio of the length of the oil cylinder to the length of the sleeve housing is 3:4.

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