Method and equipment for monitoring field intensity of atmospheric electrostatic field

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency electromagnetic field measurement, and discloses an atmospheric electrostatic field intensity monitoring method and device, and the method comprises the steps: determining the measurement parameters of Rydberg atoms according to the preset resolution of an atmospheric electrostatic field and the maximum field intensity, and carrying out the electromagnetic induction transparent measurement of the Rydberg atoms; when the field intensity of the atmospheric electrostatic field is not greater than a preset threshold value, determining the field intensity of the atmospheric electrostatic field according to a first stark frequency shift of Rydberg atoms obtained by electromagnetic induction transparency measurement and the polarizability; and when the field intensity of the atmospheric electrostatic field is greater than the preset threshold value, determining the field intensity of the atmospheric electrostatic field according to the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and a second stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atom obtained by electromagnetic induction transparency measurement. On the basis of nonlinear response spectral measurement of Rydberg atoms, all-optical continuous measurement of the atmospheric electrostatic field is innovatively realized, so that the field intensity of the atmospheric electrostatic field is measured more accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency electromagnetic field measurement, and in particular to a method, device, equipment, medium and product program for monitoring the field strength of an atmospheric electrostatic field. Background Art

[0002] Currently, by monitoring the strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field, it is possible to provide a good early warning of lightning. However, the current monitoring of the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is generally based on an atmospheric electric field meter. Specifically, the electric field is measured by using the principle that a conductor generates induced charges in an electric field. Specifically, the atmospheric electric field meter senses and measures the atmospheric electric field through the stator and rotor in the electric field meter sensor. When the rotor rotates, the stator is alternately exposed to the atmospheric electric field, thereby generating an alternating electrical signal. The magnitude of the signal is proportional to the strength of the atmospheric electric field. However, the atmospheric electric field meter has the following technical disadvantages:

[0003] 1. Limited measurement range

[0004] Localized measurements: Atmospheric electric field meters typically only measure the electric field intensity near the instrument's location and cannot reflect the electric field distribution over a larger area. For example, in complex terrain or large-scale thunderstorm systems, monitoring data from a single device may not be comprehensive.

[0005] Mainly vertical electric field: Most devices mainly measure the electric field in the vertical direction and have low sensitivity to the horizontal electric field. They may ignore the changes in the electric field under certain special weather conditions.

[0006] 2. Sensitive to environmental interference

[0007] Influence of surface objects: Surrounding buildings, trees, terrain undulations, etc. will significantly change the distribution of the local electric field, resulting in distortion of measurement data.

[0008] Electromagnetic interference: High-voltage power lines, radio signals, or other electronic devices may interfere with the electric field meter, especially in urban or industrial areas.

[0009] Interference from weather conditions: Rain, snow, dust and other weather conditions may adhere to the sensor surface and affect the accuracy of electric field measurement.

[0010] 3. High installation and maintenance requirements

[0011] The installation location is demanding: it needs to be away from tall objects and electromagnetic interference sources, and requires an open area, making site selection difficult in actual applications.

[0012] Regular calibration requirements: Electric field meters are easily affected by environmental factors (such as temperature and humidity) and require frequent calibration to maintain accuracy, resulting in high maintenance costs.

[0013] Zero drift problem: Zero drift (baseline offset) may occur during long-term use, resulting in data errors.

[0014] 4. Response speed and dynamic range limitations

[0015] Insufficient capture of rapidly changing electric fields: When a thunderstorm develops rapidly, the response speed of traditional electric field meters may not be able to track the drastic changes in the electric field in real time.

[0016] Dynamic range limitations: Extremely strong electric fields (such as beneath thunderstorm clouds) may exceed the instrument's range, resulting in data saturation or distortion.

[0017] 5. Complexity of Data Interpretation

[0018] Non-intuitive: Electric field data needs to be combined with other meteorological parameters (such as radar and satellite data) to effectively predict lightning activity. The warning effect is limited when used alone.

[0019] Risk of false alarms and missed alarms: Local electric field enhancements may be caused by non-thunderstorm factors (such as sandstorms and volcanic ash), leading to false alarms; and when the electric field changes are weak before some thunderstorms, missed alarms may occur.

[0020] 6. Reliability in bad weather

[0021] Sensors are vulnerable to damage: Strong winds, hail, or direct lightning strikes nearby can damage the device.

[0022] Extreme weather affects performance: Low or high temperature environments may cause electronic components to fail, affecting long-term stability. Summary of the Invention

[0023] The present invention provides a method and device for monitoring the strength of an atmospheric electrostatic field, aiming to overcome the technical pain points of the prior art in that the monitoring results of the atmospheric electrostatic field strength are not accurate enough and are subject to too many interference factors.

[0024] Based on this, and to solve at least part of the technical problems in the background technology of this application, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0025] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the intensity of an atmospheric electrostatic field, the method comprising:

[0026] Determining measurement parameters of Rydberg atoms according to a preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field to perform electromagnetically induced transparency measurement on the Rydberg atoms;

[0027] When the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is not greater than a preset threshold, determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement;

[0028] When the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is greater than the preset threshold, the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is determined according to the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induced transparency measurement.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induced transparency measurement includes:

[0030] determining a feedback electric field strength and an electric field strength of the Rydberg atoms according to the first Stark frequency shift and the polarizability;

[0031] The atmospheric electrostatic field strength is determined according to the feedback electric field strength, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atoms, and a conversion coefficient between the atmospheric electrostatic field and the Rydberg atom electric field.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present application, determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induced transparency measurement includes:

[0033] determining the feedback electric field strength and the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom according to the second Stark frequency shift and the dipole moment;

[0034] The atmospheric electrostatic field strength is determined according to the feedback electric field strength, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atoms, and a conversion coefficient between the atmospheric electrostatic field and the Rydberg atom electric field.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present application, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom is determined by the feedback electric field strength and is a preset value; the first Stark frequency shift is not greater than the second Stark frequency shift.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, the measurement parameters include: the minimum polarizability, the maximum polarizability, the principal quantum number and the maximum scanning range of the Rydberg atom.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, determining the measurement parameters of the Rydberg atoms according to the preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field includes:

[0038] determining the minimum polarizability of the Rydberg atom according to the resolution of the atmospheric electrostatic field;

[0039] determining the maximum polarizability of the Rydberg atom according to the maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field;

[0040] The principal quantum number of the Rydberg atom is determined according to the minimum polarizability and the maximum polarizability.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present application, the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom includes: the intrinsic dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the dipole moment when the second-order Stark effect is considered.

[0042] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a device for monitoring the field strength of an atmospheric electrostatic field, the device comprising:

[0043] a measurement parameter determination module, configured to determine measurement parameters of Rydberg atoms according to a preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field, so as to perform electromagnetic induction transparency measurement on the Rydberg atoms;

[0044] a first atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination module, configured to determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength based on the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement when the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is not greater than a preset threshold;

[0045] The second module for determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is used to determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement when the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is greater than the preset threshold.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present application, the atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination first module includes:

[0047] a first field strength determination unit, configured to determine the feedback electric field strength and the electric field strength of the Rydberg atoms according to the first Stark frequency shift and the polarizability;

[0048] The atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination first unit is used to determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the feedback electric field strength, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom, and the conversion coefficient between the atmospheric electrostatic field and the Rydberg atom electric field.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present application, the second module for determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength includes:

[0050] a second field strength determination unit, configured to determine the feedback electric field strength and the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom according to the second Stark frequency shift and the dipole moment;

[0051] The atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination second unit is used to determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the feedback electric field strength, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom, and the conversion coefficient between the atmospheric electrostatic field and the Rydberg atom electric field.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present application, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom is determined by the feedback electric field strength and is a preset value; the first Stark frequency shift is not greater than the second Stark frequency shift.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, the measurement parameters include: the minimum polarizability, the maximum polarizability, the principal quantum number and the maximum scanning range of the Rydberg atom.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, the measurement parameter determination module includes:

[0055] a minimum polarizability determining unit, configured to determine the minimum polarizability of the Rydberg atom according to the resolution of the atmospheric electrostatic field;

[0056] a maximum polarizability determining unit, configured to determine the maximum polarizability of the Rydberg atom according to the maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field;

[0057] A principal quantum number determining unit is configured to determine the principal quantum number of the Rydberg atom according to the minimum polarizability and the maximum polarizability.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present application, the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom includes: the intrinsic dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the dipole moment when the second-order Stark effect is considered.

[0059] At least one embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the above-mentioned method for monitoring the field strength of an atmospheric electrostatic field.

[0060] At least one embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which implements the above-mentioned method for monitoring the strength of an atmospheric electrostatic field when executed by a processor.

[0061] An embodiment of the present application provides a method for monitoring the strength of an atmospheric electrostatic field, comprising: first, determining the measurement parameters of Rydberg atoms based on a preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field, so as to perform electromagnetic induction transparency measurement on the Rydberg atoms; then, when the strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field is not greater than a preset threshold, determining the strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field based on the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atoms obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement; and when the strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field is greater than the preset threshold, determining the strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field based on the dipole moment of the Rydberg atoms and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atoms obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement.

[0062] The present invention proposes a method for monitoring atmospheric electrostatic field strength, based on the nonlinear response spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms, to innovatively achieve all-optical continuous measurement of strong electrostatic fields. This measurement scheme incorporates a centimeter-scale, adjustable-gain electric field into an atomic gas cell structure, overcoming the technical difficulties of strong electrostatic field measurement based on Rydberg atom nonlinear response spectroscopy and addressing the multi-physics compatibility and integration of various functional units during miniaturization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] One or more embodiments are exemplarily described by the figures in the corresponding drawings, and these exemplified descriptions do not constitute limitations on the embodiments.

[0064] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for monitoring atmospheric electrostatic field strength provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of Rydberg atomic energy level movement and EIT spectrum changes under the action of an electrostatic field provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 3 is a flowchart of step 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of polarizability of Rydberg atoms with n=17 to 40, D5 / 2, and mj=1 / 2, provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0068] Figure 5 is a flowchart of step 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Figure 6 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for monitoring atmospheric electrostatic field strength provided in a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0070] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the electric field measurement closed-loop control process provided by the specific embodiment of the present application;

[0071] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of a method for monitoring atmospheric electrostatic field strength provided in a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0072] Figure 9 This is a diagram of the laser frequency-locking optical path for preparing Rydberg atoms provided by a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0073] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical fiber coupled electric field measurement chamber provided in a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0074] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the intensity change of 852nm laser transmission light under the condition of no applied electric field provided by the specific embodiment of the present application;

[0075] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the change in the intensity of 852nm laser transmission light under the condition of applying a bias electric field provided in a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0076] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the change in the intensity of 852nm laser transmission light under the condition that the atmospheric electric field and the bias electric field are in the same direction, provided by a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0077] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the change in the intensity of 852nm laser transmission light under the conditions of anisotropic atmospheric electric field and bias electric field provided by a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0078] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the change in transmitted light intensity under electric fields of different polarities when locking the laser frequency provided by a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0079] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the electric field measurement closed-loop control process provided by the specific embodiment of the present application;

[0080] Figure 17 It is a structural diagram of a lightning warning system provided by a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0081] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the process of issuing and canceling a lightning alarm provided by a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0082] Figure 19 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for monitoring atmospheric electrostatic field strength provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0083] Figure 20 It is a structural diagram of an electronic device provided by another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0085] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Thus, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0086] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The embodiments in this application and the features described in the embodiments may be combined with each other unless there is a conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0087] Example 1:

[0088] The method for monitoring the atmospheric electrostatic field strength of this embodiment can be applied to electronic devices with communication, computing and data storage capabilities. The specific process can be as follows: Figure 1 Shown, including:

[0089] Step 100: determining measurement parameters of Rydberg atoms according to a preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field, so as to perform electromagnetic induction transparency measurement on the Rydberg atoms;

[0090] Step 200: When the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is not greater than a preset threshold, determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength based on the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement;

[0091] Step 300: When the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is greater than the preset threshold, the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is determined according to the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induced transparency measurement.

[0092] An embodiment of the present application provides a method for monitoring the strength of an atmospheric electrostatic field, comprising: first, determining the measurement parameters of Rydberg atoms based on a preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field, so as to perform electromagnetic induction transparency measurement on the Rydberg atoms; then, when the strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field is not greater than a preset threshold, determining the strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field based on the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atoms obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement; and when the strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field is greater than the preset threshold, determining the strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field based on the dipole moment of the Rydberg atoms and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atoms obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement.

[0093] The present invention proposes a method for monitoring atmospheric electrostatic field strength, based on the nonlinear response spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms, to innovatively achieve all-optical continuous measurement of strong electrostatic fields. This measurement scheme incorporates a centimeter-scale, adjustable-gain electric field into an atomic gas cell structure, overcoming the technical difficulties of strong electrostatic field measurement based on Rydberg atom nonlinear response spectroscopy and addressing the multi-physics compatibility and integration of various functional units during miniaturization.

[0094] It should be noted that for step 100, the resolution of the atmospheric electrostatic field is determined by the measuring instrument (see the subsequent part of this application). Rydberg atoms are a type of atom in a highly excited state, whose electrons are excited to orbits very far from the nucleus (principal quantum number n>>1). The characteristics of Rydberg atoms are:

[0095] Huge size: The electron orbit radius can reach the micrometer level (for example, when n=100, the orbit radius is about 0.5 μm), which is 10 times larger than that of the ground state atom. 4 times or more.

[0096] Long lifetime: The excited state lifetime is long (microseconds to milliseconds), making it suitable for quantum manipulation.

[0097] Strong polarizability: extremely sensitive to external electromagnetic fields, especially electric fields in the microwave and terahertz bands.

[0098] Strong interaction: There is a significant dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms, which can be used to simulate quantum many-body systems.

[0099] For steps 200 and 300, Rydberg atoms will undergo energy level shifts due to the DC-Stark effect under the action of an external (quasi) electrostatic field. This energy level shift can be reflected as a nonlinear frequency shift of the atomic spectrum. By measuring the atomic spectrum, indirect measurement of the electric field strength can be achieved.

[0100] See also Figure 2 , when the electric field is weak, the Stark frequency shift and the field strength approximately satisfy the following nonlinear relationship:

[0101]

[0102] In formula (1), α is the polarizability of the Rydberg atom under low field strength, which is proportional to the seventh power of the effective principal quantum number n* of the Rydberg atom. When the field is stronger, the atomic nucleus will also be polarized, resulting in "hyperpolarization". At this time, the relationship between the Stark frequency shift and the field strength shows a stronger nonlinearity:

[0103] △f 强 =A|E|+B|E| 2 +C|E| 3 (2)

[0104] In formula (2), A, B, and C are the atomic intrinsic dipole moment introduced by atomic real polarization and the Rydberg atomic dipole moment calculation coefficient when considering the second-order Stark effect, respectively.

[0105] Example 2:

[0106] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 3 , step 200 includes:

[0107] Step 201: determining the feedback electric field strength and the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom according to the first Stark frequency shift and the polarizability;

[0108] Step 202: Determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the feedback electric field strength, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atoms, and the conversion coefficient between the atmospheric electrostatic field and the Rydberg atom electric field.

[0109] It can be understood that, in step 200, compared with step 300, the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is a weak field. In this case, the steps for calculating the polarizability α at different principal quantum numbers are:

[0110] The Schrödinger equation when an atom is subjected to an external field:

[0111] {H 0 +H S}ψ=Eψ (3)

[0112] Among them H 0 The Hamiltonian operator when is zero field, is the perturbation of the atom by the external electric field, E is the intrinsic energy in the external field, is the electric field vector, e is the electron charge, and ψ is the wave function.

[0113] Assuming that the wave function when the external field is applied is the linear superposition of the wave function without the external field, equation (3) can be written as:

[0114]

[0115] Then, multiply both sides by <φ n′ ||There are:

[0116]

[0117] By solving the perturbation Schrödinger equation, we can obtain the Stark eigenenergy and eigenvector under the external field of the atom and the wave function ψ of the outer electron, and then calculate the dipole moment α=e·<ψ|ψ> of the Rydberg atom. Figure 4 The polarizabilities of the D5 / 2 state and mj=1 / 2 Rydberg atoms are given for n=17 to 40.

[0118] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 5 , step 300 includes:

[0119] Step 301: determining the feedback electric field strength and the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom according to the second Stark frequency shift and the dipole moment;

[0120] Step 302: Determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the feedback electric field strength, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atoms, and the conversion coefficient between the atmospheric electrostatic field and the Rydberg atom electric field.

[0121] In some embodiments of the present invention, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom is determined by the feedback electric field strength and is a preset value; and the first Stark frequency shift is not greater than the second Stark frequency shift.

[0122] In some embodiments of the present invention, the measurement parameters include: minimum polarizability, maximum polarizability, principal quantum number, and maximum scanning range of the Rydberg atom.

[0123] Specifically, in addition to the frequency shift, Figure 2 It can also be seen that as the external field strength increases, the peak of the atomic EIT spectrum (obtained by electromagnetic induction transparency measurement) rapidly decreases, while the line width increases sharply, greatly affecting the accuracy of the spectral measurement. Therefore, a trade-off must be made between the maximum field strength (or the maximum field strength change rate, determined by the measurement method) and the field strength resolution. In this application, the optimal Rydberg state is selected according to the following method:

[0124] According to the electric field resolution δ E Determine the minimum polarizability:

[0125] Assuming that the electric field is in equilibrium, for a given electric field resolution δ E , the energy level shift that can be caused under weak field conditions is:

[0126]

[0127] In order to effectively distinguish the energy level shift in the EIT spectrum, the energy level shift should be greater than 5% to 10% of the EIT line width Γ. EIT ,Right now:

[0128]

[0129] Thus, the Rydberg atomic polarizability that satisfies the electric field resolution can be obtained:

[0130]

[0131] Compare to Figure 4 The atomic polarizability diagram shown above can determine the minimum principal quantum number n. min .

[0132] According to the maximum field strength E max Or the maximum rate of change of field strength E′ max Determine the maximum polarizability: maximum field strength E max Or the maximum rate of change of field strength E′ max It directly determines the maximum frequency shift of the atomic spectrum. Since the adjustment range of the laser wavelength (frequency) is limited and generally does not exceed about tens of GHz, in order to enable the system to respond sufficiently to the external electric field changes during closed-loop measurement, for a given maximum field strength E max Or the maximum rate of change of field strength E′ max , the resulting energy level shift:

[0133]

[0134] In formula (9), T 扫 is the laser scanning period. The maximum frequency shift △f calculated by formula (9) max Should be smaller than the maximum range that the laser frequency can scan, i.e. △f max ≤△f 扫max , thus, the Rydberg atomic polarizability that satisfies the maximum electric field strength / maximum field strength change rate can be obtained:

[0135]

[0136] Similarly, compare Figure 4 The atomic polarizability diagram shown above can determine the maximum principal quantum number n. max .

[0137] By reasonably selecting the electric field resolution δ E , maximum field strength E max Or the maximum rate of change of field strength E′ max 、Maximum scanning range △f 扫max , so that the minimum and maximum principal quantum numbers calculated by the above steps should satisfy nmin ≤n max , the reasonable parameters for Rydberg electric field measurement can be determined.

[0138] Example 3:

[0139] To further illustrate the solution, the present invention also provides a specific implementation of a method for monitoring the strength of an atmospheric electrostatic field, which specifically includes the following contents:

[0140] It is understandable that if Figure 2 The method for monitoring the atmospheric electrostatic field strength shown requires scanning the laser over a large range, which makes it difficult to achieve real-time tracking and measurement of the atmospheric electric field. In addition, the measurement method based on spectrum splitting is difficult to guarantee accuracy and sensitivity. Therefore, in order to accurately measure the atmospheric electric field in real time, the present application provides a structure such as using Figure 6 As shown, a closed-loop atmospheric electrostatic field intensity monitoring system is described. Specifically, the system comprises a sensing unit, a measuring unit, and a host computer. The sensing unit and measuring unit are connected by optical fiber and shielded cables, effectively protecting the measuring equipment.

[0141] The sensing unit is mainly composed of an atomic gas chamber with two layers of electrodes, the inner layer is a grid electrode, which is used to introduce the atmospheric electric field into the gas chamber to form an internal electric field E 内 The laser passes through the grid electrodes, thereby preparing Rydberg atoms for measurement between the grid electrodes; there is another set of larger flat electrodes outside the grid electrodes, which are connected to an external voltage source to form a feedback electric field E 馈 ; As a result, the electric field at the atom is affected by the two electric fields, and we have:

[0142] E 原子 =E 内 +k0E 馈 =k1E 外 +k0E 馈 (11)

[0143] Where k0 is the feed penetration coefficient, which is determined by the grid shape parameters and the relative position relationship between the two sets of electrodes. It can be calibrated by simulation and atomic spectroscopy by applying a standard voltage to the feed electrode after shorting the internal grid electrode. k1 is the internal and external electric field conversion coefficient, which is determined by the grid shape parameters and the ratio of the internal and external electrode spacing. It can also be calibrated by simulation and atomic spectroscopy by applying a standard voltage to the external electrode connected to the grid electrode when shorting the external feed electrode.

[0144] By adjusting the feedback electric field E 馈 The size of the electric field E felt by the atom 原子 Stable at a fixed value From formula (11), we can know that the external (atmospheric) electric field strength can be calculated by the following formula:

[0145]

[0146] like Figure 6 As shown, in the measurement unit, the photoelectric signal generated by the transmitted light is used as feedback, and the PID controller adjusts the output voltage of the adjustable voltage source in real time, thereby generating a stable Required feedback electric field E 馈 .

[0147] The PID closed-loop electric field measurement control process considering the electric field polarity is as follows: Figure 7 As shown: The polarity judgment program determines whether the polarity of the current PID output adjustment voltage matches the direction of the electric field generated by the default bias voltage based on the error signal at this moment and the previous moment. If a mismatch is detected, the control voltage u of the adjustable voltage source is changed. 控 output polarity.

[0148] Let k2 be the control voltage u 控 The control electric field E is generated by amplifying it through an adjustable voltage source and applying it to the feedback electrode. 控 The conversion coefficient can also be used to feed back electrode parameters or be calibrated by atomic spectrum.

[0149] When the atmospheric electric field does not suddenly change, the electric field applied to the grid electrode is always tracked by the control electric field and controlled at the bias electric field E * When the atmospheric electric field is near, the calculation formula is:

[0150]

[0151] When the atmospheric electric field suddenly changes to a value exceeding the closed-loop tracking capability, the electric field can be stabilized to -E through the polarity judgment program. * Nearby, at this time, the calculation formula of the external electric field changes to:

[0152]

[0153] Among them, u * To make the voltage source generate E * Therefore, whenever the original PID is unlocked due to sudden changes in the atmospheric electric field, Figure 7 The procedures shown can change the polarity of the control voltage and quickly return the voltage to ±E * Nearby, and output the correct atmospheric electric field measurement value in real time.

[0154] Based on the above-mentioned atmospheric electrostatic field strength monitoring system, see Figure 8A specific implementation method of a method for monitoring the strength of an atmospheric electrostatic field comprises the following steps:

[0155] S1: Build the laser frequency-locked optical circuit for Rydberg atom preparation, and design and manufacture the fiber-coupled electric field measurement gas cell.

[0156] Use Figure 9 The preparation optical path shown is used to generate the 852nm and 512nm lasers required to prepare specific low principal quantum number Rydberg atoms.

[0157] In the preparation optical path, the frequency locking of 852nm and 512nm lasers is achieved through saturated absorption (SAS) and electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) spectroscopy respectively. After locking, the two laser beams are respectively coupled through optical fibers and optical fiber-coupled atomic gas chambers as sensing units to realize the remote preparation of Rydberg atoms.

[0158] The basic structure of the coupled electric field measurement cell is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, the two laser beams output by the prepared optical fiber pass through the two ends of the gas chamber in opposite directions, thereby preparing Rydberg atoms in the overlapping area of the two laser spots in the gas chamber. Among them, after the 852nm laser passes through the gas chamber, it is reflected by the high-reflectivity 852nm splitting interface at the other end of the gas chamber, enters the output fiber coupling connector, and is transmitted back by the optical fiber to the photodetector located in the measurement unit to generate a photoelectric signal, which is used as a measurement signal. After the contacts outside the gas chamber of the feedback electrode are insulated and protected, Figure 10 The optical fiber coupled gas chamber shown has electrical contact with the outside world only at the electric field measurement antenna connected to the grid electrode, and has good adaptability to high-intensity atmospheric electric fields.

[0159] S2: Apply a bias electric field to complete the electric field measurement initialization.

[0160] Without changing the laser output power, when there is no external electric field, the 852nm and 512nm lasers, after SAS and EIT spectrum locking, generate Rydberg atoms in the measurement chamber. The transmitted 852nm laser is maintained at the highest light intensity I0 because it is at the top of the EIT transmission peak. According to formula (1) and Figure 11 It can be seen that when an external electric field is applied, the atoms undergo Stark frequency shift under the action of the electric field, causing the transmittance of the two lasers with unchanged frequency (wavelength) to decrease. However, the decrease in transmittance at this time does not distinguish the polarity of the electric field, which is not conducive to closed-loop measurement.

[0161] In order to realize the closed-loop measurement of atmospheric electric field, Figure 10 A bias electric field E is applied to the feedback electrode in * , so that the transmitted light intensity drops from I0 to I * ,like Figure 12At this time, when the external electric field changes again, the transmitted light intensity will change according to the difference between the direction of the electric field and the polarity of the bias electric field. Figure 13 as well as Figure 14 Increase or decrease as shown.

[0162] At this time, if I * As the locking point of the PID controller, the electric field felt by the atom is:

[0163] E 原子 =E 唤 (15)

[0164] When measuring, the final applied feedback electric field E 馈 Contains a fixed bias electric field E * And the compensation electric field generated by feedback control that changes with the atmospheric electric field:

[0165] E 馈 =E * +E 控 (16)

[0166] Substituting equations (15) and (16) into equation (12), we have:

[0167]

[0168] Bias electric field E * The size of is determined by the EIT linewidth, atomic polarizability, and feed transmission coefficient k0, and can be estimated by the transmitted light intensity. In particular, when choosing When, according to formula (1) and Figure 12 ,have:

[0169]

[0170] S3: Complete the electric field closed-loop measurement based on the feedback photoelectric signal.

[0171] When applying a bias electric field E * After initializing the measuring device and releasing the short-circuit state of the grid electrode, the atmospheric electric field can be applied to the atoms through the grid electrode. At this time, the actual light intensity is the same as the set light intensity I * The difference between:

[0172] e=I * -I + / - (19)

[0173] Closed-loop measurement of the electric field can be achieved based on the difference signal.

[0174] However, if Figure 15As shown in Equation (1), it can be found that the transmission signal after locking the optical frequency cannot distinguish the polarity of the external electric field. Therefore, when using PID control to feedback the electric field, the polarity of the external electric field relative to the atom must be determined first, and the control output must be adjusted accordingly.

[0175] The PID closed-loop electric field measurement control process considering the electric field polarity is as follows: Figure 16 As shown: The polarity judgment program determines whether the polarity of the current PID output adjustment voltage matches the direction of the electric field generated by the default bias voltage based on the error signal at this moment and the previous moment. If a mismatch is detected, the control voltage u of the adjustable voltage source is changed. 控 output polarity.

[0176] Let k2 be the control voltage u 控 The control electric field E is generated by amplifying it through an adjustable voltage source and applying it to the feedback electrode. 控 The conversion coefficient can also be used to feed back electrode parameters or be calibrated by atomic spectrum.

[0177] When the atmospheric electric field does not suddenly change, the electric field applied to the grid electrode is always tracked by the control electric field and controlled at the bias electric field E * When the atmospheric electric field is near, according to formula (17), the calculation formula of the atmospheric electric field is:

[0178]

[0179] However, due to Figure 15 The electric field polarity shown is fuzzy. When the atmospheric electric field changes suddenly to a value exceeding the closed-loop tracking capability, the electric field can be stabilized to -E through the polarity judgment program. * Nearby, at this time, the calculation formula of the external electric field changes to:

[0180]

[0181] Among them, u * To make the voltage source generate E * Required control voltage.

[0182] Therefore, whenever the original PID is unlocked due to a sudden change in the atmospheric electric field, Figure 16 The procedures shown can change the polarity of the control voltage and quickly return the voltage to ±E * Nearby, and output the correct atmospheric electric field measurement value in real time.

[0183] Based on the above-mentioned atmospheric electrostatic field strength monitoring system, this application also provides a lightning warning system, which has basic software / hardware modules such as alarm signal generation and release function, measurement unit interface, data processing, user interface, and a lightning warning database for supporting electric field measurement and lightning warning data display, recording, query, and playback functions. The structure of the lightning warning system is as follows: Figure 17 As shown in the figure: the measurement unit interface module communicates with the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement device through the network or transmission cable; the data processing module is used for caching, timing arrangement and transmission control of measurement data; the lightning warning module is used to realize Figure 18 The generation and cancellation of the lightning warning signal shown in the figure; the database interface module, together with the database, realizes the display, recording, query, playback and other functions of electric field measurement and lightning alarm data; the user interface displays measurement data, alarm information, electric field measurement device status and other information on an integrated graphical interface, and completes the user's various operation requirements for measurement data or alarm information.

[0184] For electric field measurements, multiple warning thresholds are set. When the electric field reaches the threshold, a lightning warning is issued. The first-level warning threshold is approximately 1 kV / m, and each threshold is adjusted appropriately based on the actual geographical environment (for example, the three-level warning thresholds for lightning in Chaoyang District, Beijing are 2.84 kV / m, 5.58 kV / m, and 8.29 kV / m, respectively).

[0185] For the electric field difference, a jump threshold is set, that is, the maximum difference in the electric field at adjacent moments. When the measured value jumps greater than the threshold, a lightning warning is issued.

[0186] When any one of the above two conditions is met, it can be judged as a suspected lightning warning signal. In order to further reduce false alarms, a threshold for the number of suspected warning signals is set. Only when the number of consecutive suspected lightning warning signals exceeds this threshold will the system issue a formal alarm signal.

[0187] After the system issues an alarm signal, it will continue to determine whether the alarm should be lifted. Because the atmospheric electric field fluctuates dramatically before a lightning strike, this project does not immediately release the alarm when the measured electric field value falls below the warning value. Instead, it uses a delay method, such as waiting for the alarm to persist for a certain period of time (no less than the interval between lightning strikes, such as 5 minutes), before re-evaluating whether the alarm signal should be lifted. The alarm is not automatically lifted when the electric field value falls below the warning value.

[0188] Example 4:

[0189] Another embodiment of the present application relates to a monitoring device for atmospheric electrostatic field strength. The following is a detailed description of the implementation details of the monitoring device for atmospheric electrostatic field strength of this embodiment. The following content is only for the convenience of understanding the implementation details, and is not necessary for the implementation of this solution. The schematic diagram of the monitoring device for atmospheric electrostatic field strength of this embodiment can be as follows: Figure 19 As shown, there is a measurement parameter determination module 801, a first atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination module 802, and a second atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination module 803.

[0190] A measurement parameter determination module 801 is configured to determine measurement parameters of Rydberg atoms based on a preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field, so as to perform electromagnetic induction transparency measurement on the Rydberg atoms;

[0191] The first atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination module 802 is configured to determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength based on the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement when the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is not greater than a preset threshold;

[0192] The second atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination module 803 is used to determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength when the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is greater than the preset threshold value based on the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement.

[0193] In some embodiments of the present application, the atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination first module includes:

[0194] a first field strength determination unit, configured to determine the feedback electric field strength and the electric field strength of the Rydberg atoms according to the first Stark frequency shift and the polarizability;

[0195] The atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination first unit is used to determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the feedback electric field strength, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom, and the conversion coefficient between the atmospheric electrostatic field and the Rydberg atom electric field.

[0196] In some embodiments of the present application, the second module for determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength includes:

[0197] a second field strength determination unit, configured to determine the feedback electric field strength and the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom according to the second Stark frequency shift and the dipole moment;

[0198] The atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination second unit is used to determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the feedback electric field strength, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom, and the conversion coefficient between the atmospheric electrostatic field and the Rydberg atom electric field.

[0199] In some embodiments of the present application, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom is determined by the feedback electric field strength and is a preset value; the first Stark frequency shift is not greater than the second Stark frequency shift.

[0200] In some embodiments of the present application, the measurement parameters include: the minimum polarizability, the maximum polarizability, the principal quantum number and the maximum scanning range of the Rydberg atom.

[0201] In some embodiments of the present application, the measurement parameter determination module includes:

[0202] a minimum polarizability determining unit, configured to determine the minimum polarizability of the Rydberg atom according to the resolution of the atmospheric electrostatic field;

[0203] a maximum polarizability determining unit, configured to determine the maximum polarizability of the Rydberg atom according to the maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field;

[0204] A principal quantum number determining unit is configured to determine the principal quantum number of the Rydberg atom according to the minimum polarizability and the maximum polarizability.

[0205] In some embodiments of the present application, the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom includes: the intrinsic dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the dipole moment when the second-order Stark effect is considered.

[0206] It is worth mentioning that all modules involved in this embodiment are logical modules. In actual applications, a logical unit can be a physical unit, a part of a physical unit, or a combination of multiple physical units. In addition, to highlight the innovation of this application, this embodiment does not include units that are not closely related to solving the technical problem proposed by this application. However, this does not mean that other units do not exist in this embodiment.

[0207] Embodiment 5:

[0208] Another embodiment of the present application relates to an electronic device, such as Figure 20 As shown, including: the electronic equipment specifically includes the following contents:

[0209] Processor (processor) 1201, memory (memory) 1202, communication interface (CommunicationsInterface) 1203 and bus 1204;

[0210] The processor 1201, the memory 1202, and the communication interface 1203 communicate with each other via the bus 1204; the communication interface 1203 is used to implement information transmission between the server-side device and the user-side device and other related devices;

[0211] The processor 1201 is used to call the computer program in the memory 1202. When the processor executes the computer program, all steps of the method for monitoring the atmospheric electrostatic field strength in the above embodiment are implemented. For example, when the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are implemented:

[0212] Determining measurement parameters of Rydberg atoms according to a preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field to perform electromagnetically induced transparency measurement on the Rydberg atoms;

[0213] When the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is not greater than a preset threshold, determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement;

[0214] When the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is greater than the preset threshold, the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is determined according to the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induced transparency measurement.

[0215] The memory and processor are connected using a bus, which can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges. The bus connects various circuits of one or more processors and memories. The bus can also connect various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits. These are all well known in the art and are therefore not described further herein. The bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver can be a single component or multiple components, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. Data processed by the processor is transmitted over a wireless medium via an antenna. Furthermore, the antenna receives data and transmits it to the processor.

[0216] The processor is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, and can also provide various functions, including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. Memory can be used to store data used by the processor when performing operations.

[0217] Example 6:

[0218] Another embodiment of the present application relates to a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned method for monitoring the atmospheric electrostatic field strength are implemented, and the steps include:

[0219] Determining measurement parameters of Rydberg atoms according to a preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field to perform electromagnetically induced transparency measurement on the Rydberg atoms;

[0220] When the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is not greater than a preset threshold, determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement;

[0221] When the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is greater than the preset threshold, the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is determined according to the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induced transparency measurement.

[0222] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar portions between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences between the other embodiments. In particular, the hardware + program embodiments are generally similar to the method embodiments, so their description is relatively simple. For relevant portions, refer to the description of the method embodiments.

[0223] The foregoing description of this specification describes specific embodiments. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be performed in an order different from that described in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order shown or the sequential order to achieve the desired results. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0224] Although the present application provides method operation steps such as embodiments or flowcharts, more or fewer operation steps may be included based on conventional or non-creative work. The order of steps listed in the embodiments is only one way of executing the steps among many steps and does not represent the only execution order. When an actual device or client product is executed, it can be executed in the order shown in the embodiments or the drawings or in parallel (for example, in a parallel processor or multi-threaded processing environment).

[0225] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of processes and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0226] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0227] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0228] Specific embodiments are used in the present invention to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core ideas. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the strength of an atmospheric electrostatic field, characterized in that: include: Determining measurement parameters of Rydberg atoms according to a preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field to perform electromagnetically induced transparency measurement on the Rydberg atoms; When the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is not greater than a preset threshold, determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement; When the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is greater than the preset threshold, the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is determined according to the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induced transparency measurement.

2. The method for monitoring the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induced transparency measurement includes: determining a feedback electric field strength and an electric field strength of the Rydberg atoms according to the first Stark frequency shift and the polarizability; The atmospheric electrostatic field strength is determined according to the feedback electric field strength, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atoms, and a conversion coefficient between the atmospheric electrostatic field and the Rydberg atom electric field.

3. The method for monitoring the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atom obtained by electromagnetic induced transparency measurement includes: determining the feedback electric field strength and the electric field strength of the Rydberg atom according to the second Stark frequency shift and the dipole moment; The atmospheric electrostatic field strength is determined according to the feedback electric field strength, the electric field strength of the Rydberg atoms, and a conversion coefficient between the atmospheric electrostatic field and the Rydberg atom electric field.

4. The method for monitoring the atmospheric electrostatic field intensity according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that: The electric field strength of the Rydberg atom is determined by the feedback electric field strength and is a preset value; the first Stark frequency shift is not greater than the second Stark frequency shift.

5. The method for monitoring the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measurement parameters include: the minimum polarizability, the maximum polarizability, the principal quantum number and the maximum scanning range of the Rydberg atom.

6. The method for monitoring the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method of determining the measurement parameters of the Rydberg atom according to the preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field includes: determining the minimum polarizability of the Rydberg atom according to the resolution of the atmospheric electrostatic field; determining the maximum polarizability of the Rydberg atom according to the maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field; The principal quantum number of the Rydberg atom is determined according to the minimum polarizability and the maximum polarizability.

7. The method for monitoring atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dipole moment of the Rydberg atom includes: the intrinsic dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the dipole moment when the second-order Stark effect is considered.

8. A device for monitoring the strength of an atmospheric electrostatic field, characterized in that: include: a measurement parameter determination module, configured to determine measurement parameters of Rydberg atoms according to a preset resolution and maximum field strength of the atmospheric electrostatic field, so as to perform electromagnetic induction transparency measurement on the Rydberg atoms; a first atmospheric electrostatic field strength determination module, configured to determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength based on the first Stark frequency shift and polarizability of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement when the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is not greater than a preset threshold; The second module for determining the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is used to determine the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to the dipole moment of the Rydberg atom and the second Stark frequency shift of the Rydberg atom obtained by the electromagnetic induction transparency measurement when the atmospheric electrostatic field strength is greater than the preset threshold.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the steps of the method for monitoring the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for monitoring the atmospheric electrostatic field strength according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

Images