Comprehensive monitoring system and method for migration of mine overlying strata structure

Abstract

The invention provides a mine overlying strata structure migration comprehensive monitoring system and method, and relates to the technical field of overlying strata migration monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: a data collection module continuously collects overlying strata characteristic parameters of each region, an identification module carries out the data processing of the variable quantity of the overlying strata characteristic parameters of each region, obtains the total displacement variable quantity and the displacement direction angle, and carries out the data processing; the data processing and analysis module generates a deformation index and a deformation consistency index, the comprehensive analysis module processes all the indexes and generates a comprehensive evaluation index, and the judgment module compares the comprehensive evaluation index with a preset threshold value so as to judge the mine overlying strata risk level. According to the method, all dimensions of overlying strata deformation are comprehensively covered, and the one-sidedness problem of data acquisition is solved; dynamic tracking is realized by means of continuous multiple data acquisition, and the evaluation index is constructed to effectively make up for the deficiency of continuity and comprehensiveness of data acquisition, significantly improve the accuracy of overlying strata migration risk judgment, and realize scientific and comprehensive evaluation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of overburden migration monitoring, and in particular to a comprehensive monitoring system and method for overburden structure migration in a mine. Background Art

[0002] Mine overburden (the rock layer above the ore body) may deform, shift, or collapse during the mining process, directly impacting safe mine operations. Monitoring the movement of overburden structures and promptly identifying potential safety hazards can effectively prevent and reduce accidents caused by unstable overburden, such as mine collapses and landslides, ensuring the safety of miners.

[0003] In the prior art, a method for monitoring the internal strain of overburden migration based on distributed optical fibers, disclosed in publication number CN115964627A, comprises the following steps: obtaining data from horizontal optical fibers, wherein the horizontal optical fibers are uniformly arranged in the horizontal direction of the test platform at intervals of a preset threshold value; obtaining data from vertical optical fibers, wherein the vertical optical fibers are uniformly arranged in the vertical direction of the test platform at the same intervals; obtaining the strain distribution of the optical fibers by analyzing the data from the horizontal and vertical optical fibers; and performing real-time monitoring of the internal strain of overburden migration based on the strain distribution of the optical fibers. It can be seen that this method forms a distributed optical fiber sensing network by arranging horizontal and vertical optical fibers in the test platform, so that the deformation of the overburden can be monitored through the full distribution and continuity of the data from the horizontal and vertical optical fibers, thereby making the obtained overburden migration characteristics more accurate and providing data support for further analysis of the overburden fracture and migration characteristics.

[0004] However, there are still some shortcomings. As can be seen from the above, on the one hand, the data collection is one-sided, focusing only on a single type of strain data, seriously ignoring the important influence of key parameters such as horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, and tilt angle on the deformation state of the overburden. These parameters can reflect the actual deformation of the overburden from different dimensions. For example, horizontal displacement can reflect the horizontal movement trend of the overburden, vertical displacement can reflect the settlement or uplift of the overburden, and tilt angle can show the change in the overburden's posture. Single strain data cannot fully represent the deformation state of the overburden in different areas, resulting in a biased assessment of the overall safety risk.

[0005] On the other hand, data collection is insufficient in terms of continuity and comprehensiveness. Due to the lack of coordinated multi-parameter monitoring, even if strain data collection is relatively continuous, it is difficult to provide a coherent and complete description of the entire process of overburden deformation. When the overburden undergoes a localized mutation, a single strain data point cannot be accurately correlated with changes in other factors, making it impossible to form a complete understanding of the evolution of overburden deformation, which in turn affects the accurate assessment of overburden migration risks.

[0006] Furthermore, existing technologies for assessing overburden deformation risk lack in-depth analysis of the interrelationships between various parameters, failing to comprehensively consider the synergistic effects of multiple factors on overburden migration. For example, they fail to fully consider the intrinsic relationships between strain energy density and parameters such as displacement change and displacement direction angle, making it difficult to comprehensively assess the deformation risk and stability of the overburden.

[0007] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive monitoring system and method for the movement of overburden structures in mines, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A comprehensive monitoring system for the movement of overburden structures in mines, comprising:

[0011] The data acquisition module is used to divide the overburden area into multiple regions, take the morphology of the overburden in each region before mining as a benchmark, collect the overburden characteristic parameters of each region multiple times after mining, average the overburden characteristic parameters of each region after mining, obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters, and obtain the change of the overburden characteristic parameters based on the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region;

[0012] The identification module is used to process the variation of the characteristic parameters of the overburden in each area, obtain the total displacement variation and displacement direction angle, process the average value of the characteristic parameters of the overburden in each area, calculate the strain energy density of each area, and identify the area with the highest strain energy density;

[0013] The data processing and analysis module is used to process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density to generate an overburden deformation index for assessing the risk of overburden deformation; process the displacement direction angles of each area to generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each area; and find the standard deviation of the area with the highest strain energy density based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each area. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density, obtain a deformation consistency index for assessing the consistency of the displacement direction and the stability of the deformation;

[0014] Comprehensive analysis module, used to process the deformation index and deformation consistency index of the area with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive assessment index for comprehensively evaluating the risk of overburden migration;

[0015] The judgment module is used to compare the comprehensive evaluation index with the preset threshold value to judge the level of mine overburden risk.

[0016] Furthermore, the overburden characteristic parameters include horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, inclination angle, stress and strain;

[0017] The overburden area is divided into multiple regions. After the mine is mined, the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, tilt angle, stress and strain of each region are collected repeatedly. The specific process is as follows:

[0018] Define a set R to represent each region:

[0019] R={R i |i∈[1,n]}

[0020] Among them, R i is the i-th region in the set, i is the index of the region, and n is the number of monitored regions;

[0021] The horizontal displacement set after mining is S:

[0022] S={S i |i∈[1,n]}

[0023] Among them, S i Horizontal displacement of the i-th area after mining;

[0024] The vertical displacement set after mining is C:

[0025] C={C i |i∈[1,n]}

[0026] Among them, C i is the vertical displacement of the ith area after mining;

[0027] The set of inclination angles after mining is

[0028]

[0029] in, is the inclination angle of the i-th area after mining;

[0030] The stress set of overburden after mining is:

[0031] σ={σ i |i∈[1,n]}

[0032] Among them, σ i is the stress of the overburden in the i-th area after mining;

[0033] The strain set of overburden after mining is ∈:

[0034] ∈={∈ i |i∈[1,n]}

[0035] Among them, ∈ i is the strain of the overburden in the i-th area after mining.

[0036] Furthermore, the overburden characteristic parameters of each area after mining are averaged to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters. The change of the overburden characteristic parameters of each area is processed to obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle. The formula is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] BS i =S i -S0 i

[0039]

[0040] BC i =C i -C0 i

[0041]

[0042] Among them, BS i For the i indivual The horizontal displacement change of the region, S i For the i indivual The mean horizontal displacement of the region, S0 i for i indivual Horizontal displacement of the area, BC i For the i indivual The vertical displacement change of the area, C i For the i indivual The mean vertical displacement of the region, C0 i for i indivual Vertical displacement of the area, D i For the i indivual The total displacement change of the region, S j，i The i-th time of the j-th collection indivual Horizontal displacement of the area, C j，i The i-th time of the j-th collection indivual The vertical displacement of the region, j is the index of the acquisition times, j∈[1,m], m is the total number of acquisitions;

[0043] According to the total displacement change D of the i-th region i, the total displacement change D corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density is obtained z ;

[0044]

[0045] Among them, θ j，i is the displacement direction angle of the i-th region during the j-th acquisition.

[0046] Furthermore, the average tilt angle of each area is calculated according to the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] in, is the mean tilt angle of the i-th region, is the tilt angle of the i-th region during the j-th acquisition, where i is the index of the region;

[0049] The change in tilt angle of each area is calculated according to the following formula:

[0050]

[0051] in, is the tilt angle change of the i-th region, is the inclination angle of the i-th area before mining;

[0052] From the tilt angle changes of each region, find the tilt angle change corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density

[0053] Furthermore, the average values ​​of stress and strain in each region are processed to calculate the strain energy density according to the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] Among them, U i is the strain energy density of the ith region, is the average stress value of the ith region, is the average strain of the ith region, σ j，i is the stress of the i-th region at the j-th acquisition, ∈ j，i is the strain of the i-th region during the j-th acquisition, i is the index of the region, and j is the index of the acquisition number.

[0056] Furthermore, the total displacement change and tilt angle change in the area with the highest strain energy density are processed to generate a deformation index for assessing the deformation risk of the overburden rock. The formula is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, FYzs is the deformation index, which is used to reflect the deformation risk of the overburden from two levels: the total displacement change and the tilt angle change;

[0059] D z is the total displacement change of the overburden corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density, is the change in tilt angle corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density;

[0060] α1 is the weight coefficient of the total displacement change, α2 is the weight coefficient of the tilt angle change, and α3 is the weight coefficient of the combination of the total displacement change and the tilt angle change. On the basis of α1+α2+α3=1, let 0<α2<α1<α3<1.

[0061] Furthermore, the displacement direction angles of each region are processed to generate the mean and standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each region according to the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] in, is the mean displacement direction angle of the i-th region, G i is the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle of the i-th region;

[0064] From the standard deviation of displacement direction angles in each region, find the standard deviation of displacement direction angle G corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. z ;

[0065] According to the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle G corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density z , different deformation consistency indexes are obtained. The specific process is as follows:

[0066] When G z ≤5, BXzs is 0.5;

[0067] When 5 <G z <5, BXzs is 0.3;

[0068] When 10≤G z , BXzs is 0.1;

[0069] Among them, BXzs is the deformation consistency index.

[0070] Furthermore, the deformation index and deformation consistency index of the area with the highest strain energy density were processed and correlated to generate a comprehensive evaluation index based on the following formula:

[0071] ZPzs=γ1·FYzs-γ2·BXzs

[0072] Among them, ZPzs is the comprehensive scoring coefficient. The comprehensive evaluation index is used to comprehensively score the overburden movement risk by combining the deformation index and the deformation consistency index;

[0073] In the formula, FYzs is the deformation index;

[0074] γ1 and γ2 are the weights in the calculation of the deformation index and the deformation consistency index respectively, and the specific values of γ1 and γ2 are determined by the analytic hierarchy process.

[0075] Furthermore, compare the comprehensive evaluation index with a pre-set threshold value to judge the level of the overburden risk in the mine. The specific process is as follows:

[0076] When ZPxs ≤ yz1, the overburden risk level in the mine is low risk;

[0077] When yz1 < ZPxs < yz2, the overburden risk level in the mine is low to medium risk;

[0078] When ZPzs ≥ yz2, the overburden risk level in the mine is high risk;

[0079] Among them, yz1 is the lower threshold value of the overburden risk level in the mine, representing the critical value of low risk, and yz2 is the upper threshold value of the overburden risk level in the mine, representing the critical value of high risk.

[0080] To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides the following technical solutions:

[0081] A comprehensive monitoring method for the movement of the overburden structure in a mine. The method is generated based on any one of the above-mentioned comprehensive monitoring systems for the movement of the overburden structure in a mine. The specific steps include:

[0082] S1. Divide the overburden into multiple areas with equal areas. Taking the shape of the overburden in each area before the mine exploitation as the benchmark, continuously collect the overburden characteristic parameters in each area multiple times after the mine exploitation, average the overburden characteristic parameters in each area after the mine exploitation, obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters, and obtain the change amount of the overburden characteristic parameters according to the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters in each area;

[0083] S2. Process the change amounts of the overburden characteristic parameters in each area to obtain the total displacement change amount and the displacement direction angle. Process the average values of the overburden characteristic parameters in each area to calculate the strain energy density in each area, and identify the area with the highest strain energy density;

[0084] S3. Data processing is performed on the changes in the characteristic parameters of the overburden corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density to generate an overburden deformation index for assessing the risk of overburden deformation. Data processing is performed on the displacement direction angles of each area to generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each area. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each area, the standard deviation of the area with the highest strain energy density is found. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density, a deformation consistency index is obtained for assessing the consistency of the displacement direction and the stability of the deformation.

[0085] S4. Processing the deformation index and deformation consistency index of the area with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive assessment index for comprehensively assessing the risk of overburden migration;

[0086] S5. Compare the comprehensive evaluation index with a preset threshold value to determine the level of overburden risk of the mine.

[0087] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0088] The present invention divides the overburden into multiple regions and continuously collects the overburden characteristic parameters of each region. This regionalized and comprehensive collection method can not only obtain the horizontal and vertical movement of the overburden in different regions, but also capture its posture changes and stress-strain state, comprehensively covering all dimensions of overburden deformation.

[0089] By continuously collecting multiple types of data, dynamic tracking of overburden deformation is achieved. When the overburden undergoes local mutations, the multi-parameter data collected can be correlated with each other, timely and accurately reflecting the relationship between this change and other factors, forming a complete understanding of the evolution of overburden deformation. Through continuous monitoring and analysis of data such as the horizontal displacement change and vertical displacement change of the overburden in each area, the process of overburden migration can be clearly displayed, thereby more accurately judging the risk of overburden migration, making up for the shortcomings of existing technologies in terms of continuity and comprehensiveness of data collection.

[0090] By averaging different parameters, the displacement changes and strain energy density of each area are extracted. With the help of the identification module and the comprehensive analysis module, the total displacement changes and inclination angle changes corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density are processed to generate a deformation index for assessing the deformation risk of overburden. This fully considers the intrinsic relationship between strain energy density and parameters such as displacement change and displacement direction angle. It can evaluate the deformation risk and stability of the overburden as a whole, identify high-risk areas in a timely manner, significantly improve the accuracy of the judgment of overburden migration risk, and achieve a scientific and comprehensive assessment of the overburden migration risk. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0091] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of the module composition of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the overall method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0093] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0094] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention should have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0095] Example 1:

[0096] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0097] A comprehensive monitoring system for the movement of overburden structures in mines, comprising:

[0098] The data acquisition module is used to divide the overburden area into multiple regions, take the morphology of the overburden in each region before mining as a benchmark, collect the overburden characteristic parameters of each region multiple times after mining, average the overburden characteristic parameters of each region after mining, obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters, and obtain the change of the overburden characteristic parameters based on the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region;

[0099] The identification module is used to process the variation of the characteristic parameters of the overburden in each area, obtain the total displacement variation and displacement direction angle, process the average value of the characteristic parameters of the overburden in each area, calculate the strain energy density of each area, and identify the area with the highest strain energy density;

[0100] The data processing and analysis module is used to process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density to generate an overburden deformation index for assessing the risk of overburden deformation; process the displacement direction angles of each area to generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each area; and find the standard deviation of the area with the highest strain energy density based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each area. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density, obtain a deformation consistency index for assessing the consistency of the displacement direction and the stability of the deformation;

[0101] Comprehensive analysis module, used to process the deformation index and deformation consistency index of the area with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive assessment index for comprehensively evaluating the risk of overburden migration;

[0102] The judgment module is used to compare the comprehensive evaluation index with the preset threshold value to judge the level of mine overburden risk.

[0103] Based on the above embodiment, the characteristic parameters of the overburden include horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, inclination angle, stress and strain;

[0104] The equipment and methods for collecting horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, stress, strain and tilt angle are as follows:

[0105] The laser displacement meter is used to collect the horizontal displacement of the overburden during mining. Specifically, it measures the change in distance between the target object and the laser transmitter through the emission and reflection of the laser beam to obtain the horizontal displacement of the overburden.

[0106] Settlement meters are used to monitor ground settlement during mining. Specifically, they collect vertical displacement of overburden through sensors installed on the ground or underground.

[0107] Strain gauges are used to monitor the stress state in the interface area between mining and overburden. Specifically, they are installed in the rock mass to directly measure stress.

[0108] Strain gauges are used for local monitoring of rock masses, specifically to collect the strain of the overburden rock through changes in resistance.

[0109] Inclinometers are used to monitor the tilt changes of overburden, specifically to measure the tilt angle of the overburden.

[0110] After collecting horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, stress, strain and tilt angle, these parameters are normalized to the maximum and minimum respectively, and then the normalized data are used for subsequent analysis and processing. In the subsequent analysis and processing, various data are analyzed and processed under the same dimension, avoiding the problem of some data being neglected due to different dimensions.

[0111] The data acquisition module includes a laser displacement meter, a sedimentation meter, a stress meter, a strain gauge, and an inclinometer. The laser displacement meter, the sedimentation meter, the stress meter, the strain gauge, and the inclinometer can all be models of existing equipment and are not limited here.

[0112] The laser displacement meter, sedimentation meter, stress gauge, strain gauge, and inclinometer all collect data in multiple groups (such as 3 groups). The horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, stress, strain, and tilt angle are detected at different positions in the same area. The same data detected at different positions are then averaged, and the final average value is used as the corresponding data of horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, stress, strain, and tilt angle to avoid accidental errors in taking individual points.

[0113] On the basis of the above embodiment, the overburden area is divided into multiple regions. After the mine is mined, the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, tilt angle, stress and strain of each region are collected multiple times continuously. The specific process is as follows:

[0114] Define a set R to represent each region:

[0115] R={R i |i∈[1,n]}

[0116] Among them, R i is the i-th region in the set, i is the index of the region, and n is the number of monitored regions;

[0117] The horizontal displacement set after mining is S:

[0118] S={S i |i∈[1,n]}

[0119] Among them, S i Horizontal displacement of the i-th area after mining;

[0120] The vertical displacement set after mining is C:

[0121] C={C i |i∈[1,n]}

[0122] Among them, C i is the vertical displacement of the ith area after mining;

[0123] The set of inclination angles after mining is

[0124]

[0125] in, is the inclination angle of the i-th area after mining;

[0126] The stress set of overburden after mining is:

[0127] σ={σ i |i∈[1,n]}

[0128] Among them, σ i is the stress of the overburden in the i-th area after mining;

[0129] The strain set of overburden after mining is ∈:

[0130] ∈={∈ i |i∈[1,n]}

[0131] Among them, ∈ i is the strain of the overburden in the i-th area after mining.

[0132] On the basis of the above embodiment, the overburden characteristic parameters of each area after the mine is mined are averaged to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters. The change of the overburden characteristic parameters of each area is processed to obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle. The formula is as follows:

[0133]

[0134] BS i =S i -S0 i

[0135]

[0136] BC i =C i -C0 i

[0137]

[0138] Among them, BS i For the i indivual The horizontal displacement change of the region, S i For the i indivual The mean horizontal displacement of the region, S0 i for i indivual Horizontal displacement of the area, BC i For the i indivual The vertical displacement change of the area, C i For the i indivual The mean vertical displacement of the region, C0 i for i indivual Vertical displacement of the area, D i For the i indivual The total displacement change of the region, S j，i The i-th time of the j-th collection indivual Horizontal displacement of the area, C j，i The i-th time of the j-th collection indivual The vertical displacement of the region, j is the index of the acquisition times, j∈[1,m], m is the total number of acquisitions;

[0139] According to the total displacement change D of the i-th region i , the total displacement change D corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density is obtained z ;

[0140]

[0141] Among them, θ j，i is the displacement direction angle of the i-th region during the j-th acquisition.

[0142] Based on the above embodiment, the average tilt angle of each area is calculated according to the following formula:

[0143]

[0144] in, is the mean tilt angle of the i-th region, is the tilt angle of the i-th region during the j-th acquisition, where i is the index of the region;

[0145] The change in tilt angle of each area is calculated according to the following formula:

[0146]

[0147] in, is the tilt angle change of the i-th region, is the inclination angle of the i-th area before mining;

[0148] From the tilt angle changes of each region, find the tilt angle change corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density

[0149] On the basis of the above embodiment, the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement and tilt angle of each area before mining are also based on themselves. Therefore, the horizontal displacement S0 of the i-th area before mining is i , vertical displacement C0 of the i-th area before mining i , the inclination angle of the i-th area before mining is 0.

[0150] Based on the above embodiment, the average values ​​of stress and strain in each region are processed to calculate the strain energy density according to the following formula:

[0151]

[0152] Among them, U i is the strain energy density of the ith region, is the average stress value of the ith region, is the average strain of the ith region, σ j，i is the stress of the i-th region at the j-th acquisition, ∈ j，i is the strain of the i-th region during the j-th acquisition, i is the index of the region, and j is the index of the acquisition number.

[0153] Based on the above embodiment, the correlation between the total displacement change, the tilt angle change and the overburden deformation risk is as follows:

[0154] The total displacement change is positively correlated with the deformation index. Generally, when overburden is subjected to external pressure or other factors, displacement increases. This increase in displacement often leads to structural changes in the rock mass, which in turn leads to greater deformation risks, i.e., a higher deformation index.

[0155] The change in tilt angle is positively correlated with the deformation index. This is because as the tilt angle increases, the center of gravity of the rock mass may shift, resulting in greater shear forces acting on the rock mass, which in turn increases the risk of deformation or slippage. Increased tilt often triggers the formation or expansion of cracks, which further exacerbate rock mass deformation and increase the deformation index.

[0156] Based on the correlation between the total displacement change, the inclination angle change, and the overburden deformation risk, the total displacement change and the inclination angle change in the area with the highest strain energy density are processed and correlated to generate a deformation index for assessing the overburden deformation risk. The formula is as follows:

[0157]

[0158] Among them, FYzs is the deformation index. The overburden deformation index is used to reflect the deformation risk of the overburden from two levels: the total displacement change and the tilt angle change.

[0159] D z is the total displacement change corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density, is the change in tilt angle corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density;

[0160] α1 is the weight coefficient of the total displacement change, α2 is the weight coefficient of the tilt angle change, and α3 is the weight coefficient of the combination of the total displacement change and the tilt angle change, which is used to reflect the influence of different displacement and tilt angle characteristics on the overburden deformation index;

[0161] The reasons for constructing the above function form to express the functional relationship between the total displacement change, the tilt angle change, and the deformation index are as follows:

[0162] First, the total displacement change refers to the total amount of vertical and horizontal movement of the overburden under the influence of mining. When the total displacement change is small, the stress adjustment inside the overburden is relatively stable, the interaction between the rock layers is still in a relatively stable state, and the risk of overburden deformation is relatively low.

[0163] As the total displacement increases, the stress distribution within the overburden changes significantly, potentially leading to fractures and delaminations, which in turn increases the risk of overburden deformation. When this displacement exceeds a certain limit, the overburden may experience large-scale collapse and subsidence, seriously impacting mine safety and surface stability.

[0164] Therefore, the total displacement change is taken as one of the factors and correlated with the deformation index to illustrate the deformation risk of the overburden.

[0165] Second, the change in the inclination angle reflects the change in the spatial inclination of the overburden. A smaller change in the inclination angle means that the change in the overall morphology of the overburden is relatively gentle, and the stress transfer within the overburden is relatively uniform. At this time, the risk of overburden deformation is usually small.

[0166] When the change in the inclination angle is large, it means that the overburden has a large deformation difference in the local area. This difference will lead to the occurrence of stress concentration. Stress concentration may cause the rock layer to break and slip, thereby increasing the risk of overburden deformation, and may even cause serious consequences such as landslides, tilting and collapse of surface buildings.

[0167] Therefore, the variation of the tilt angle is taken as another factor and correlated with the deformation index to illustrate the deformation risk of the overburden.

[0168] Third, total displacement change and tilt angle change often do not exist independently; rather, they interact with each other, jointly influencing the risk of overburden deformation. For example, a large total displacement change may lead to a significant change in the overburden tilt angle; changes in the tilt angle, in turn, affect the stress distribution within the overburden, further increasing the total displacement change.

[0169] When assessing overburden deformation risk, it's important to consider both total displacement change and tilt angle change. Real-time monitoring and analysis of these two parameters can more accurately assess overburden stability, predict potential overburden deformation hazards in advance, and implement appropriate preventive and control measures.

[0170] Fourth, the weight coefficients α1, α2, and α3 are key parameters, reflecting the relative importance of the total displacement change, the inclination angle change, and the combination of the total displacement change and the inclination angle change in influencing the deformation characteristics and risks of the overburden. They also affect the deformation risk of the overburden at three different levels. By adjusting these coefficients, the model can be made more flexible to adapt to changes in different environments or conditions and highlight the influence of different factors on the deformation risk of the overburden.

[0171] The weighting factor α3 reflects the interaction between the change in total displacement and the change in inclination angle. In geological or engineering environments, simultaneous changes in these two factors often produce more complex effects. For example, when the overburden displacement is large and the inclination angle changes significantly, this can lead to a higher risk. Therefore, assigning a greater weight to α3 can better reflect the impact of this interaction on the overburden deformation risk.

[0172] The weight coefficient α1 corresponds to the total displacement change D z , which is generally considered to have a significant impact on the risk of overburden deformation. The increase in total displacement directly reflects the degree of overburden deformation, so it is usually given a higher weight in risk assessment to ensure that the impact of this factor is fully considered.

[0173] The weight coefficient α2 corresponds to the change in tilt angle While changes in tilt angle do have some impact on overburden stability, the impact is generally relatively small. In many cases, changes in displacement have a more direct and significant impact on overburden risk than changes in tilt. Therefore, α2 is given a smaller weight.

[0174] To sum up, the weight coefficient of the combination of the total displacement change and the tilt angle change should be set greater than the weight coefficient of the total displacement change, and the weight coefficient of the total displacement change should be greater than the weight coefficient of the tilt angle change, that is, on the basis of α1+α2+α3=1, let 0<α2<α1<α3<1.

[0175] As an implementation mode, the value range of α1 is an open interval of 0.3-0.4, the value range of α2 is an open interval of 0.2-0.3, and the value range of α3 is an open interval of 0.4-0.5. The specific values ​​are set by technical personnel according to actual conditions and are not limited here.

[0176] The displacement direction angles of each region are processed to generate the mean and standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each region. The formula is as follows:

[0177]

[0178] in, is the mean displacement direction angle of the i-th region, Gi is the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle of the i-th region;

[0179] From the standard deviation of displacement direction angles in each region, find the standard deviation of displacement direction angle G corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. z ;

[0180] According to the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle G corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density z , different deformation consistency indexes are obtained. The specific process is as follows:

[0181] When G z ≤5, BXzs is 0.5;

[0182] When 5 <G z <5, BXzs is 0.3;

[0183] When 10≤G z , BXzs is 0.1;

[0184] Among them, BXzs is the deformation consistency index.

[0185] Based on the above embodiment, the deformation index and deformation consistency index of the area with the highest strain energy density are subjected to data processing and correlation analysis to generate a comprehensive evaluation index based on the following formula:

[0186] ZPzs=γ1·FYzs-γ2·BXzs

[0187] Among them, ZPzs is the comprehensive scoring coefficient. The comprehensive evaluation index is used to combine the deformation index and deformation consistency index to comprehensively score the overburden migration risk. The larger the comprehensive evaluation index, the higher the overburden migration risk.

[0188] It should be noted that, as can be seen from the above description, the larger the deformation index FYzs, the higher the deformation risk of the overburden, the larger the deformation consistency index BXzs, the better the consistency of the displacement direction and the stability of the deformation, the comprehensive evaluation index ZPzs is positively correlated with the deformation index FYzs, and therefore the comprehensive evaluation index ZPzs is negatively correlated with the deformation consistency index BXzs. Therefore, the calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation index in the above weighted sum form is set;

[0189] Where γ1 and γ2 are the weights in the calculation of deformation index and deformation consistency index, respectively. The specific values ​​of γ1 and γ2 are determined by the hierarchical analysis method. The specific logic is as follows:

[0190] Two indicators, namely the deformation index and the deformation consistency index, are marked. The relative importance values between each pair are determined by the nine-scale method to construct a judgment matrix. Here, the index of the deformation index is marked as 1, and the index of the deformation consistency index is marked as 2. The constructed judgment matrix [q uv 2×2 is as follows:

[0191]

[0192] where u and v both represent the indices of the indicators, and u ∈ [1, 2], v ∈ [1, 2]. It represents the importance of the indicator with index u relative to the indicator with index v for the comprehensive evaluation index, q uv The specific values are determined by relevant experts using the 1-9 scoring method. q uv = 9 means that the deformation index with index u is extremely important for the comprehensive evaluation index compared to the deformation consistency index with index v. q uv = 1 means that the deformation index with index u is extremely unimportant for the comprehensive evaluation index compared to the deformation consistency index with index v;

[0193] Divide each element value in the judgment matrix by the sum of its column to obtain a normalized judgment matrix. Calculate the mean value of each row element value in the normalized judgment matrix, and take the mean value of the first row element value as the proportionality coefficient of the deformation index, and take the mean value of the second row element value as the proportionality coefficient of the deformation consistency index. Under the constraint that the sum of the scaled values is equal to 1, perform equal-proportion scaling on the two proportionality coefficients, and take the scaled values as the weights of the corresponding indices.

[0194] Based on the above embodiments, compare the comprehensive evaluation index with a pre-set threshold to judge the level of the overlying strata risk of the mine. The specific process is as follows:

[0195] When ZPxs ≤ yz1, the overlying strata risk level of the mine is low risk;

[0196] When yz1 < ZPxs < yz2, the overlying strata risk level of the mine is low to medium risk;

[0197] When ZPzs ≥ yz2, the overlying strata risk level of the mine is high risk.

[0198] ​Among them, yz1 is the lower threshold of the mine overburden risk level, indicating the critical value of low risk, and yz2 is the upper threshold of the mine overburden risk level, indicating the critical value of high risk. By statistically analyzing a large amount of experimental data, the distribution of mine overburden risk level scores can be determined. The thresholds can be set using statistical indicators such as the maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation of the comprehensive evaluation index in historical data. For example, yz1 can be set to a certain standard deviation below the mean, while yz2 can be set to a certain standard deviation above the mean.

[0199] See also Figure 2 , the present invention also provides a technical solution:

[0200] A method for comprehensive monitoring of the movement of overburden structures in a mine, the method being generated based on any of the above-mentioned comprehensive monitoring systems for the movement of overburden structures in a mine, and comprising the following specific steps:

[0201] S1. Divide the overburden into multiple regions, using the morphology of the overburden in each region before mining as a benchmark, collect overburden characteristic parameters of each region multiple times after mining, average the overburden characteristic parameters of each region after mining, obtain an average value of the overburden characteristic parameters, and obtain a change in the overburden characteristic parameters based on the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region;

[0202] S2. Data processing is performed on the changes in the characteristic parameters of the overburden in each region to obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle. The average values ​​of the characteristic parameters of the overburden in each region are also processed to calculate the strain energy density of each region and identify the region with the highest strain energy density.

[0203] S3. Data processing is performed on the changes in the characteristic parameters of the overburden corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density to generate an overburden deformation index for assessing the risk of overburden deformation. Data processing is performed on the displacement direction angles of each area to generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each area. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each area, the standard deviation of the area with the highest strain energy density is found. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density, a deformation consistency index is obtained for assessing the consistency of the displacement direction and the stability of the deformation.

[0204] S4. Processing the deformation index and deformation consistency index of the area with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive assessment index for comprehensively assessing the risk of overburden migration;

[0205] S5. Compare the comprehensive evaluation index with a preset threshold value to determine the level of overburden risk of the mine.

[0206] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation to obtain the most recent real situation. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0207] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by computer software, electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0208] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment as needed.

[0209] The above is only a specific implementation method of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in this application, which should be covered by the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A comprehensive monitoring system for the movement of overburden structures in mines, characterized by: include: The data acquisition module is used to divide the overburden area into multiple regions, take the morphology of the overburden in each region before mining as a benchmark, collect the overburden characteristic parameters of each region multiple times after mining, average the overburden characteristic parameters of each region after mining, obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters, and obtain the change of the overburden characteristic parameters based on the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region; The identification module is used to process the variation of the characteristic parameters of the overburden in each area, obtain the total displacement variation and displacement direction angle, process the average value of the characteristic parameters of the overburden in each area, calculate the strain energy density of each area, and identify the area with the highest strain energy density; The data processing and analysis module is used to process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density to generate an overburden deformation index for assessing the risk of overburden deformation; process the displacement direction angles of each area to generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each area; and find the standard deviation of the area with the highest strain energy density based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each area. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density, obtain a deformation consistency index for assessing the consistency of the displacement direction and the stability of the deformation; Comprehensive analysis module, used to process the deformation index and deformation consistency index of the area with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive assessment index for comprehensively evaluating the risk of overburden migration; The judgment module is used to compare the comprehensive evaluation index with the preset threshold value to judge the level of mine overburden risk.

2. The comprehensive monitoring system for mine overburden structure movement according to claim 1 is characterized by: Overburden characteristic parameters include horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, inclination angle, stress and strain; The overburden area is divided into multiple regions. After the mine is mined, the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, tilt angle, stress and strain of each region are collected repeatedly. The specific process is as follows: Define a set R to represent each region: R={R i |i∈[1,n]} Among them, R i is the i-th region in the set, i is the index of the region, and n is the number of monitored regions; The horizontal displacement set after mining is S: S={S i |i∈[1,n]} Among them, S i Horizontal displacement of the i-th area after mining; The vertical displacement set after mining is C: C={C i |i∈[1,n]} Among them, C i is the vertical displacement of the ith area after mining; The set of inclination angles after mining is in, is the inclination angle of the i-th area after mining; The stress set of overburden after mining is σ: σ={σ i |i∈[1,n]} Among them, σ i is the stress of the overburden in the i-th area after mining; The strain set of overburden after mining is ∈ : ∈={∈ i |i∈[1,n]} Among them, ∈ i is the strain of the overburden in the i-th area after mining.

3. The comprehensive monitoring system for mine overburden structure movement according to claim 2 is characterized by: The overburden characteristic parameters of each area after mining are averaged to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters. The change of the overburden characteristic parameters of each area is processed to obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle. The formula is as follows: Among them, BS i For the i indivual The horizontal displacement change of the region, S i For the i indivual The mean horizontal displacement of the region, S0 i for i indivual Horizontal displacement of the area, BC i For the i indivual The vertical displacement change of the area, C i For the i indivual The mean vertical displacement of the region, C0 i for i indivual Vertical displacement of the area, D i For the i indivual The total displacement change of the region, S j，i The i-th time of the j-th collection indivual Horizontal displacement of the area, C j，i The i-th time of the j-th collection indivual The vertical displacement of the region, j is the index of the acquisition times, j∈[1,m], m is the total number of acquisitions; According to the total displacement change D of the i-th region i , the total displacement change D corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density is obtained z ; Among them, θ j，i is the displacement direction angle of the i-th region during the j-th acquisition.

4. The comprehensive monitoring system for mine overburden structure movement according to claim 2 is characterized by: The average tilt angle of each area is calculated according to the following formula: in, is the mean tilt angle of the i-th region, is the tilt angle of the i-th region during the j-th acquisition, where i is the index of the region; The change in tilt angle of each area is calculated according to the following formula: in, is the tilt angle change of the i-th region, is the inclination angle of the i-th area before mining; From the tilt angle changes of each region, find the tilt angle change corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density 5. The comprehensive monitoring system for mine overburden structure movement according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The average values ​​of stress and strain in each region are processed to calculate the strain energy density according to the following formula: Among them, U i is the strain energy density of the ith region, is the average stress value of the ith region, is the average strain of the ith region, σ j，i is the stress of the i-th region at the j-th acquisition, ∈ j，i is the strain of the i-th region during the j-th acquisition, i is the index of the region, and j is the index of the acquisition number.

6. The comprehensive monitoring system for mine overburden structure movement according to claim 2 is characterized by: The total displacement change and tilt angle change in the area with the highest strain energy density are processed to generate a deformation index for assessing the deformation risk of the overburden rock. The formula is as follows: Among them, FYzs is the deformation index, which is used to reflect the deformation risk of the overburden from two levels: the total displacement change and the tilt angle change; D z is the total displacement change of the overburden corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density, is the change in tilt angle corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density; α1 is the weight coefficient of the total displacement change, α2 is the weight coefficient of the tilt angle change, and α3 is the weight coefficient of the combination of the total displacement change and the tilt angle change. Based on α1 + α2 + α3 = 1, let 0 < α2 < α1 < α3 < 1.

7. The comprehensive monitoring system for mine overburden structure movement according to claim 3 is characterized by: Perform data processing on the displacement direction angles of each region to generate the mean value and standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each region. The basis formula is as follows: in, is the mean displacement direction angle of the i-th region, G i is the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle of the i-th region; From the standard deviation of displacement direction angles in each region, find the standard deviation of displacement direction angle G corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. z ; According to the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle G corresponding to the area with the highest strain energy density z , different deformation consistency indexes are obtained. The specific process is as follows: When G z ≤5, BXzs is 0.5; When 5 <G z <5, BXzs is 0.3; When 10≤G z , BXzs is 0.1; Among them, BXzs is the deformation consistency index.

8. The comprehensive monitoring system for mine overburden structure movement according to claim 7 is characterized in that: Perform data processing and correlation analysis on the deformation index and deformation consistency index of the region with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive evaluation index. The basis formula is as follows: ZPzs = γ1·FYzs - γ2·BXzs Among them, ZPzs is the comprehensive scoring coefficient. The comprehensive evaluation index is used to combine the deformation index and the deformation consistency index to comprehensively score the overburden migration risk. In the formula, FYzs is the deformation index. γ1 and γ2 are the weights in the calculations of the deformation index and the deformation consistency index respectively, and the specific values of γ1 and γ2 are determined by the analytic hierarchy process.

9. The comprehensive monitoring system for mine overburden structure movement according to claim 8, characterized in that: Compare the comprehensive evaluation index with a pre-set threshold to judge the level of the overburden risk of the mine. The specific process is as follows: When ZPxs ≤ yz1, the overburden risk level of the mine is low risk; When yz1 < ZPxs < yz2, the overburden risk level of the mine is low to medium risk; When ZPzs ≥ yz2, the overburden risk level of the mine is high risk; Among them, yz1 is the lower threshold of the overburden risk level of the mine, representing the critical value of low risk, and yz2 is the upper threshold of the overburden risk level of the mine, representing the critical value of high risk.

10. A method for comprehensive monitoring of the movement of overburden structures in a mine, the method being generated based on a comprehensive monitoring system for the movement of overburden structures in a mine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Divide the overburden into multiple regions with equal areas. Taking the shape of the overburden in each region before the mine exploitation as the reference, continuously collect the overburden characteristic parameters of each region multiple times after the mine exploitation. Average the overburden characteristic parameters of each region after the mine exploitation to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters, and obtain the change amount of the overburden characteristic parameters according to the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters in each region. S2. Perform data processing on the change amounts of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region to obtain the total displacement change and the displacement direction angle. Perform data processing on the average values of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, calculate the strain energy density of each region, and identify the region with the highest strain energy density. S3. Perform data processing on the change amounts of the overburden characteristic parameters corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density to generate an overburden deformation index for evaluating the overburden deformation risk. Perform data processing on the displacement direction angles of each region to generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each region. According to the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each region, find the standard deviation of the region with the highest strain energy density. According to the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density, obtain the deformation consistency index for evaluating the consistency of the displacement direction and the stability of the deformation. S4. Perform data processing on the deformation index and the deformation consistency index of the region with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive evaluation index for comprehensively evaluating the overburden migration risk. S5. Compare the comprehensive evaluation index with a preset threshold value to determine the level of overburden risk of the mine.

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