Automatic hopper reversing device and material taking mechanism

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bulk material loading and unloading machinery, provides an automatic hopper reversing device and a material taking mechanism, and discloses the automatic hopper reversing device which comprises a two-way braking mechanism and a pressure rotating mechanism. The bidirectional braking mechanism is arranged on the hopper rotating shaft and can be switched back and forth between a clockwise braking state and an anticlockwise braking state; the pressure rotating mechanism can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper and drive the hopper to rotate around the hopper rotating shaft; the invention further discloses a material taking mechanism which comprises a fixed steel frame, a bucket wheel body, a hopper rotating shaft and a hopper and further comprises the automatic hopper reversing device. According to the invention, complete automatic reversing can be realized, and the unmanned and intelligent requirements of complete equipment are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bulk material loading and unloading machinery, and in particular to an automatic hopper reversing device and a material taking mechanism. Background Art

[0002] Bridge-type, gantry-type, drum-type reclaimers or excavators in steel mills, docks, mines and other places need to be equipped with a bidirectional hopper on the reclaiming (excavating) mechanism to realize reclaiming (excavating) operations in both forward and backward directions, so as to improve the utilization rate of the material yard and the working efficiency of the equipment.

[0003] Existing two-way hoppers typically unlock, flip, and lock the hopper manually or automatically. In manual hopper reversing mechanisms, the hopper is secured to the bucket wheel with pins or bolts. To reverse the hopper, the pins or bolts must be manually removed, and the hopper must be manually flipped. Once fully flipped, it is then secured with pins or bolts.

[0004] Manual operation requires workers to overcome loads such as the hopper's own weight, accumulated material, and friction. These loads are extremely high in large reclaimers or excavators, sometimes reaching as high as 10-20 kN, far exceeding the limits of human endurance. Therefore, manually turning the hopper is uncontrolled and dangerous. Furthermore, to turn the hopper, workers must enter a dangerous area convenient for operation, further increasing the risk of accidents. A bridge-type double-bucket wheel reclaimer typically has nearly 20 hoppers, requiring workers to turn each hopper individually, which is very time-consuming and costly.

[0005] Patent documents CN201811513974.4 and CN201822076166.8 propose a bidirectional hopper for a bucket wheel mixing and reclaiming machine. In fact, it is a fixed bidirectional opening hopper. The hopper is fixed to the bucket wheel body during use. When reversing to reclaim materials is required, it only requires the motor or other driving device to rotate in the opposite direction and drive the bucket wheel body to rotate in the opposite direction, without the need for the hopper to reverse. However, since the hopper is a fixed double-opening structure with an overly large structural size, only half of the space is used during the reclaiming operation, reducing the hopper space utilization rate by about 50%. In addition, the decrease in hopper utilization results in only half of the hoppers being installed on the bucket wheel body, greatly reducing the production efficiency of the entire machine. In addition, the hopper shape design of the device is unreasonable, and it suffers from severe wear during use. Due to its overly large shape, the resistance to reclaiming increases, greatly reducing its service life, and is not practical.

[0006] Patent document CN201921117533.2 proposes a disassembly-free reversing hopper device for a bridge-type mixing and reclaiming machine. The hydraulic push rod is provided with two limit stops, which can limit the extension of the hydraulic push rod, thereby determining that the bucket wheel rotates 90° and realizes the reversing action. In fact, the hopper and bucket wheel body are rotating parts, which are connected to the fixed structure through support rollers. The installed limit switch cannot realize its function through cable wiring. This disassembly-free reversing hopper is only a hopper that does not require the removal of parts. If the reversing function is to be realized, the hydraulic push rod needs to be manually extended and retracted. It is not a hopper device with automatic reversing function.

[0007] Patent document CN201280013567.1 proposes an automatic hopper tilting device. While this device can achieve automatic hopper tilting, its conversion mechanism is large in size and bears heavy loads during use. Furthermore, the conversion mechanism has a raised slideway that is difficult to precisely align with the tilting pin on the hopper, making it prone to jamming and vibration during use. The movable module required to support the conversion mechanism is complex and bulky, occupying a significant amount of space on the platform to one side of the hopper. This significantly limits the layout and maintenance of other key components, such as the bucket wheel drive and support rollers. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In response to the technical problems raised above, an automatic hopper reversing device and a material taking mechanism are provided.

[0009] The technical means adopted in the present invention are as follows: In the first aspect, a hopper automatic reversing device includes a two-way braking mechanism and a pressure rotation mechanism; the two-way braking mechanism is arranged on the hopper rotating shaft and can switch back and forth between a clockwise braking state and a counterclockwise braking state. When the two-way braking mechanism is in the clockwise braking state, the hopper cannot rotate clockwise around the hopper rotating shaft and can rotate counterclockwise around the hopper rotating shaft. When the two-way braking mechanism is in the counterclockwise braking state, the hopper cannot rotate counterclockwise around the hopper rotating shaft and can rotate clockwise around the hopper rotating shaft. The pressure rotation mechanism can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper. When the two-way braking mechanism is in the clockwise braking state and the hopper rotates clockwise around the axis of the bucket wheel body under the drive of the bucket wheel body, the hopper can rotate counterclockwise around the hopper rotating shaft under the drive of the pressure rotation mechanism. When the two-way braking mechanism is in the counterclockwise braking state and the hopper rotates counterclockwise around the axis of the bucket wheel body under the drive of the bucket wheel body, the hopper can rotate clockwise around the hopper rotating shaft under the drive of the pressure rotation mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the bidirectional braking mechanism includes a bidirectional ratchet mechanism, which includes a mounting seat, a braking ratchet, a clockwise braking pawl, a counterclockwise braking pawl, a first return spring and a second return spring; the mounting seat is provided with a mounting groove and is fixedly mounted on the bucket wheel body; the braking ratchet is rotatably mounted in the mounting groove and coaxially fixedly mounted on the hopper rotating shaft; the clockwise braking pawl and the counterclockwise braking pawl are both rotatably mounted in the mounting groove and can be respectively engaged with the left and right sides of the braking ratchet. When the clockwise braking pawl is engaged, When the two-way brake mechanism is engaged with the left side of the brake ratchet and the counterclockwise brake pawl is separated from the right side of the brake ratchet, the two-way brake mechanism is in a clockwise braking state; when the clockwise brake pawl is separated from the left side of the brake ratchet and the counterclockwise brake pawl is engaged with the right side of the brake ratchet, the two-way brake mechanism is in a counterclockwise braking state; the two ends of the first return spring are respectively fixedly mounted on the side wall of the mounting groove and the clockwise brake pawl, and the two ends of the second return spring are respectively fixedly mounted on the side wall of the mounting groove and the counterclockwise brake pawl.

[0011] Furthermore, the two-way braking mechanism also includes a cam reversing switch, which includes a cam rotating shaft, a reversing cam and a fork; the cam rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the mounting groove and is located between the clockwise braking claw and the counterclockwise braking claw; the reversing cam is fixedly installed on the cam rotating shaft and abuts against the clockwise braking claw and the counterclockwise braking claw respectively, when the reversing cam rotates clockwise, the clockwise braking claw is engaged with the left side of the braking ratchet and the counterclockwise braking claw is separated from the right side of the braking ratchet, when the reversing cam rotates counterclockwise, the clockwise braking claw is separated from the left side of the braking ratchet and the counterclockwise braking claw is engaged with the right side of the braking ratchet; the fork is fixedly installed on the cam rotating shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, the bidirectional braking mechanism also includes a first fork mechanism and a second fork mechanism; the first fork mechanism includes a first telescopic mechanism and a first fork rod, the fixed end of the first telescopic mechanism is fixedly mounted on the left side of the fixed steel frame, the first fork rod is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the first telescopic mechanism, and the first fork rod can be extended into the fork opening of the forked part under the drive of the first telescopic mechanism; the second fork mechanism includes a second telescopic mechanism and a second fork rod, the fixed end of the second telescopic mechanism is fixedly mounted on the right side of the fixed steel frame, the second fork rod is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the second telescopic mechanism, and the second fork rod can be extended into the fork opening of the forked part under the drive of the second telescopic mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, the pressure rotation mechanism includes a guide rail, a pressure rod and a compression spring; the axial direction of the guide rail is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the top end of the guide rail is fixedly mounted on the top end of the fixed steel frame, the pressure rod is slidably mounted on the guide rail and can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper, and the two ends of the compression spring are respectively fixedly mounted on the top end of the fixed steel frame and the pressure rod.

[0014] The second aspect is a material-taking mechanism, comprising a fixed steel frame, a bucket wheel body, a bucket rotating shaft and a bucket, wherein the bucket wheel body is a circular wheel-shaped structure with an axial direction parallel to the horizontal plane, the bucket wheel body is rotatably mounted on the fixed steel frame and is located directly below the top of the fixed steel frame, the hopper rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the curved surface of the bucket wheel body, and the hopper is fixedly mounted on the hopper rotating shaft; it also includes the hopper automatic reversing device described in any one of the first aspects; the mounting seat in the hopper automatic reversing device is fixedly mounted on the bucket wheel body, the braking ratchet in the hopper automatic reversing device is coaxially fixedly mounted on the hopper rotating shaft, the first telescopic mechanism and the second telescopic mechanism in the hopper automatic reversing device are respectively fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the fixed steel frame, the top of the guide rail in the hopper automatic reversing device is fixedly mounted on the top of the fixed steel frame, and the pressure rod in the hopper automatic reversing device can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. In the present invention, when the hopper needs to rotate counterclockwise around the hopper rotation axis to the right, the staff controls the bucket wheel body to rotate clockwise, and controls the first telescopic mechanism to extend the first fork rod into the fork opening of the fork portion. The fork portion, the cam rotation shaft and the reversing cam will rotate clockwise under the drive of the first fork rod. At this time, the clockwise braking claw is engaged with the left side of the braking ratchet and the counterclockwise braking claw is separated from the right side of the braking ratchet. The two-way braking mechanism is in a clockwise braking state. When the hopper contacts the pressure rod and the compression spring is in a compressed state, the pressure rod can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper, and the hopper will rotate counterclockwise under the drive of the pressure rod. The needle rotates into place; when the hopper needs to rotate clockwise around the hopper rotation axis, the staff controls the bucket wheel body to rotate counterclockwise and controls the second telescopic mechanism to extend the second fork rod into the fork opening of the forked part. The forked part, cam rotating shaft and reversing cam will rotate counterclockwise driven by the second fork rod. At this time, the clockwise braking pawl separates from the left side of the braking ratchet and the counterclockwise braking pawl engages with the right side of the braking ratchet. The two-way braking mechanism is in a counterclockwise braking state. When the hopper contacts the pressure rod and compresses the compression spring, the pressure rod can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper, and the hopper will rotate clockwise driven by the pressure rod. The present invention can achieve complete automatic reversing, meeting the requirements of unmanned and intelligent equipment.

[0016] 2. The present invention provides an automatic hopper reversing device and a material taking mechanism, which can greatly improve equipment utilization and operating efficiency, while greatly reducing the workload and operating time of manual operations, completely avoiding the occurrence of production safety accidents, and improving the production capacity of the equipment.

[0017] 3. In the present invention, the inherent form of the hopper is not changed, while the resistance during operation is reduced, thereby ensuring the production capacity of the equipment.

[0018] 4. The present invention realizes full automatic control during the hopper reversing process, reduces the labor intensity of manual operation, improves the efficiency of equipment use, and eliminates the need for operators to enter the swinging area of ​​the hopper, thus avoiding the occurrence of production safety accidents.

[0019] 5. In the present invention, there is no need to occupy the side platform space, and the overall structural weight and cost are reduced. In particular, a two-way ratchet mechanism is adopted at the hopper rotating shaft and a pressure rotation mechanism is provided above the bucket wheel body. The two-way ratchet mechanism and the pressure rotation mechanism can prevent the hopper from free falling after turning 45°, and avoid the impact, vibration and noise of the hopper on the bucket wheel body under the action of gravity. Moreover, the automatic reversing device of the hopper provided by the present invention does not require precise size matching with the hopper, and the mechanical structure is completely reliable.

[0020] 6. In the present invention, there is no need to add any components to the hopper, and the automatic flipping of the hopper can be achieved by using only a two-way ratchet mechanism and a pressure rotation mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a left side structural diagram of an automatic hopper reversing device and a material taking mechanism of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an overall structural diagram of the bidirectional braking mechanism of the present invention when it is in a counterclockwise braking state; Figure 3 This is an overall structural diagram of the bidirectional braking mechanism of the present invention when it is in a clockwise braking state; Figure 4 This is a right side structural diagram of an automatic hopper reversing device and a material taking mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is the overall structural diagram of the pressure rotation mechanism in the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the present invention when the hopper begins to reverse and flip; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the present invention during the hopper reversal and flipping process; Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the present invention when the hopper is reversed and turned over; Figure markings: 1-fixed steel frame; 2-bucket wheel body; 3-hopper rotating shaft; 4-hopper; 5-bidirectional braking mechanism; 6-pressure rotation mechanism; 501-brake ratchet; 502-cam rotating shaft; 503-clockwise braking claw; 504-first return spring; 505-mounting seat; 506-reversing cam; 507-counterclockwise braking claw; 508-second return spring; 509-first fork lever; 510-first telescopic mechanism; 511-fork portion; 512-second telescopic mechanism; 513-second fork lever; 601-pressure rod; 602-guide rail; 603-compression spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0026] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The techniques, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant fields may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the techniques, methods and equipment should be considered as part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0028] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above," "above," "on the upper surface of," and "above" may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" another device or structure would then be positioned as "below" or "below" the other device or structure. Thus, the exemplary term "above" may include both the orientations of "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0029] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1: like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a hopper automatic reversing device includes a two-way braking mechanism 5 and a pressure rotation mechanism 6; the two-way braking mechanism 5 is arranged on the hopper rotating shaft 3 and can switch back and forth between a clockwise braking state and a counterclockwise braking state. When the two-way braking mechanism 5 is in the clockwise braking state, the hopper 4 cannot rotate clockwise around the hopper rotating shaft 3 and can rotate counterclockwise around the hopper rotating shaft 3; when the two-way braking mechanism 5 is in the counterclockwise braking state, the hopper 4 cannot rotate counterclockwise around the hopper rotating shaft 3 and can rotate counterclockwise around the hopper rotating shaft 3 Clockwise rotation; the pressure rotation mechanism 6 can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper 4. When the two-way braking mechanism 5 is in a clockwise braking state and the hopper 4 rotates clockwise around the axis of the bucket wheel body 2 driven by the bucket wheel body 2, the hopper 4 can rotate counterclockwise around the hopper rotation axis 3 driven by the pressure rotation mechanism 6. When the two-way braking mechanism 5 is in a counterclockwise braking state and the hopper 4 rotates counterclockwise around the axis of the bucket wheel body 2 driven by the bucket wheel body 2, the hopper 4 can rotate clockwise around the hopper rotation axis 3 driven by the pressure rotation mechanism 6.

[0031] In this embodiment, the bidirectional braking mechanism 5 includes a bidirectional ratchet mechanism, which includes a mounting seat 505, a braking ratchet 501, a clockwise braking claw 503, a counterclockwise braking claw 507, a first return spring 504 and a second return spring 508; the mounting seat 505 is provided with a mounting groove and is fixedly mounted on the bucket wheel body 2; the braking ratchet 501 is rotatably mounted in the mounting groove and coaxially fixedly mounted on the hopper rotating shaft 3; the clockwise braking claw 503 and the counterclockwise braking claw 507 are both rotatably mounted in the mounting groove and can be respectively engaged with the left and right sides of the braking ratchet 501. When the clockwise braking claw is engaged, When 503 is engaged with the left side of the braking ratchet 501 and the counterclockwise braking claw 507 is separated from the right side of the braking ratchet 501, the two-way braking mechanism 5 is in a clockwise braking state; when the clockwise braking claw 503 is separated from the left side of the braking ratchet 501 and the counterclockwise braking claw 507 is engaged with the right side of the braking ratchet 501, the two-way braking mechanism 5 is in a counterclockwise braking state; the two ends of the first return spring 504 are respectively fixedly mounted on the side wall of the mounting groove and the clockwise braking claw 503, and the two ends of the second return spring 508 are respectively fixedly mounted on the side wall of the mounting groove and the counterclockwise braking claw 507.

[0032] In this embodiment, the bidirectional braking mechanism 5 also includes a cam reversing switch, which includes a cam rotating shaft 502, a reversing cam 506 and a fork 511; the cam rotating shaft 502 is rotatably mounted in the mounting groove and is located between the clockwise braking claw 503 and the counterclockwise braking claw 507; the reversing cam 506 is fixedly mounted on the cam rotating shaft 502 and abuts against the clockwise braking claw 503 and the counterclockwise braking claw 507 respectively. When the reversing cam 506 rotates clockwise, the clockwise braking claw 503 is engaged with the left side of the braking ratchet 501 and the counterclockwise braking claw 507 is separated from the right side of the braking ratchet 501. When the reversing cam 506 rotates counterclockwise, the clockwise braking claw 503 is separated from the left side of the braking ratchet 501 and the counterclockwise braking claw 507 is engaged with the right side of the braking ratchet 501; the fork 511 is fixedly mounted on the cam rotating shaft 502.

[0033] In this embodiment, the bidirectional braking mechanism 5 also includes a first fork mechanism and a second fork mechanism; the first fork mechanism includes a first telescopic mechanism 510 and a first fork rod 509, the fixed end of the first telescopic mechanism 510 is fixedly mounted on the left side of the fixed steel frame 1, the first fork rod 509 is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the first telescopic mechanism 510, and the first fork rod 509 can be extended into the fork mouth of the fork portion 511 under the drive of the first telescopic mechanism 510; the second fork mechanism includes a second telescopic mechanism 512 and a second fork rod 513, the fixed end of the second telescopic mechanism 512 is fixedly mounted on the right side of the fixed steel frame 1, the second fork rod 513 is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the second telescopic mechanism 512, and the second fork rod 513 can be extended into the fork mouth of the fork portion 511 under the drive of the second telescopic mechanism 512.

[0034] Specifically, the first telescopic mechanism 510 is a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, an electric cylinder or other actuators; the second telescopic mechanism 512 is a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, an electric cylinder or other actuators.

[0035] In this embodiment, the pressure rotation mechanism 6 includes a guide rail 602, a pressure rod 601 and a compression spring 603; the axial direction of the guide rail 602 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the top end of the guide rail 602 is fixedly mounted on the top end of the fixed steel frame 1, the pressure rod 601 is slidably mounted on the guide rail 602 and can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper 4, and the two ends of the compression spring 603 are respectively fixedly mounted on the top end of the fixed steel frame 1 and the pressure rod 601.

[0036] Specifically, two guide rails 602 are provided, and the two guide rails 602 are arranged opposite to each other; both ends of the pressure rod 601 are slidably installed on the two guide rails 602 respectively; and two compression springs 603 are provided.

[0037] In addition, the material of the pressure rod 601 is wear-resistant material.

[0038] Example 2: like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a material taking mechanism includes a fixed steel frame 1, a bucket wheel body 2, a bucket rotating shaft 3 and a bucket 4, the bucket wheel body 2 is a circular wheel-shaped structure with an axial direction parallel to the horizontal plane, the bucket wheel body 2 is rotatably mounted on the fixed steel frame 1 and is located directly below the top of the fixed steel frame 1, the hopper rotating shaft 3 is rotatably mounted on the curved surface of the bucket wheel body 2, and the hopper 4 is fixedly mounted on the hopper rotating shaft 3; it also includes the hopper automatic reversing device described in any one of Example 1; the mounting seat 505 in the hopper automatic reversing device is fixedly mounted on the bucket wheel body 2, the braking ratchet 501 in the hopper automatic reversing device is coaxially fixedly mounted on the hopper rotating shaft 3, the first telescopic mechanism 510 and the second telescopic mechanism 512 in the hopper automatic reversing device are respectively fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the fixed steel frame 1, the top of the guide rail 602 in the hopper automatic reversing device is fixedly mounted on the top of the fixed steel frame 1, and the pressure rod 601 in the hopper automatic reversing device can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper 4.

[0039] Specifically, there are several hopper rotating shafts 3, all of which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the bucket wheel body 2 and are rotatably installed on the curved surface of the bucket wheel body 2; there are several hoppers 4, which correspond one-to-one to the hopper rotating shafts 3, and the hoppers 4 are fixedly installed on the corresponding hopper rotating shafts 3.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hopper automatic reversing device, characterized in that: It includes a bidirectional braking mechanism (5) and a pressure rotation mechanism (6); The bidirectional braking mechanism (5) is arranged on the hopper rotating shaft (3) and can switch back and forth between a clockwise braking state and a counterclockwise braking state. When the bidirectional braking mechanism (5) is in the clockwise braking state, the hopper (4) cannot rotate clockwise around the hopper rotating shaft (3) and can rotate counterclockwise around the hopper rotating shaft (3). When the bidirectional braking mechanism (5) is in the counterclockwise braking state, the hopper (4) cannot rotate counterclockwise around the hopper rotating shaft (3) and can rotate clockwise around the hopper rotating shaft (3). The pressure rotation mechanism (6) can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper (4). When the bidirectional braking mechanism (5) is in a clockwise braking state and the hopper (4) rotates clockwise around the axis of the bucket wheel body (2) driven by the bucket wheel body (2), the hopper (4) can rotate counterclockwise around the hopper rotation axis (3) driven by the pressure rotation mechanism (6). When the bidirectional braking mechanism (5) is in a counterclockwise braking state and the hopper (4) rotates counterclockwise around the axis of the bucket wheel body (2) driven by the bucket wheel body (2), the hopper (4) can rotate clockwise around the hopper rotation axis (3) driven by the pressure rotation mechanism (6).

2. The automatic hopper reversing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bidirectional braking mechanism (5) comprises a bidirectional ratchet mechanism, wherein the bidirectional ratchet mechanism comprises a mounting seat (505), a braking ratchet (501), a clockwise braking pawl (503), a counterclockwise braking pawl (507), a first return spring (504), and a second return spring (508); The mounting seat (505) is provided with a mounting groove and is fixedly mounted on the bucket wheel body (2); The brake ratchet (501) is rotatably mounted in the mounting groove and coaxially fixedly mounted on the hopper rotating shaft (3); The clockwise braking pawl (503) and the counterclockwise braking pawl (507) are both rotatably mounted in the mounting groove and can be respectively engaged with the left and right sides of the braking ratchet (501); when the clockwise braking pawl (503) is engaged with the left side of the braking ratchet (501) and the counterclockwise braking pawl (507) is separated from the right side of the braking ratchet (501), the bidirectional braking mechanism (5) is in a clockwise braking state; when the clockwise braking pawl (503) is separated from the left side of the braking ratchet (501) and the counterclockwise braking pawl (507) is engaged with the right side of the braking ratchet (501), the bidirectional braking mechanism (5) is in a counterclockwise braking state; The two ends of the first return spring (504) are respectively fixedly mounted on the side wall of the mounting groove and the clockwise braking claw (503), and the two ends of the second return spring (508) are respectively fixedly mounted on the side wall of the mounting groove and the counterclockwise braking claw (507).

3. The automatic hopper reversing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bidirectional braking mechanism (5) further includes a cam reversing switch, wherein the cam reversing switch includes a cam rotating shaft (502), a reversing cam (506), and a forked portion (511); The cam rotating shaft (502) is rotatably mounted in the mounting groove and is located between the clockwise braking claw (503) and the counterclockwise braking claw (507); The reversing cam (506) is fixedly mounted on the cam rotating shaft (502) and abuts against the clockwise braking pawl (503) and the counterclockwise braking pawl (507) respectively. When the reversing cam (506) rotates clockwise, the clockwise braking pawl (503) is engaged with the left side of the braking ratchet (501) and the counterclockwise braking pawl (507) is separated from the right side of the braking ratchet (501). When the reversing cam (506) rotates counterclockwise, the clockwise braking pawl (503) is separated from the left side of the braking ratchet (501) and the counterclockwise braking pawl (507) is engaged with the right side of the braking ratchet (501). The forked portion (511) is fixedly mounted on the cam rotating shaft (502).

4. The automatic hopper reversing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bidirectional braking mechanism (5) further comprises a first shift fork mechanism and a second shift fork mechanism; The first fork mechanism comprises a first telescopic mechanism (510) and a first fork rod (509), wherein the fixed end of the first telescopic mechanism (510) is fixedly mounted on the left side of the fixed steel frame (1), and the first fork rod (509) is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the first telescopic mechanism (510), and the first fork rod (509) can be extended into the fork opening of the forked portion (511) under the drive of the first telescopic mechanism (510); The second fork mechanism comprises a second telescopic mechanism (512) and a second fork rod (513), wherein the fixed end of the second telescopic mechanism (512) is fixedly mounted on the right side of the fixed steel frame (1), and the second fork rod (513) is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the second telescopic mechanism (512). The second fork rod (513) can be extended into the fork opening of the forked portion (511) under the drive of the second telescopic mechanism (512).

5. The automatic hopper reversing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure rotation mechanism (6) comprises a guide rail (602), a pressure rod (601) and a compression spring (603); The axial direction of the guide rail (602) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The top end of the guide rail (602) is fixedly mounted on the top end of the fixed steel frame (1). The pressure rod (601) is slidably mounted on the guide rail (602) and can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper (4). The two ends of the compression spring (603) are respectively fixedly mounted on the top end of the fixed steel frame (1) and the pressure rod (601).

6. A material taking mechanism, comprising a fixed steel frame (1), a bucket wheel body (2), a hopper rotating shaft (3) and a hopper (4), wherein the bucket wheel body (2) is a circular wheel-shaped structure with an axis parallel to a horizontal plane, the bucket wheel body (2) is rotatably mounted on the fixed steel frame (1) and is located directly below the top end of the fixed steel frame (1), the hopper rotating shaft (3) is rotatably mounted on the curved surface of the bucket wheel body (2), and the hopper (4) is fixedly mounted on the hopper rotating shaft (3); It is characterized by: It also includes the hopper automatic reversing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5; The mounting seat (505) in the automatic hopper reversing device is fixedly mounted on the bucket wheel body (2), the braking ratchet (501) in the automatic hopper reversing device is coaxially fixedly mounted on the hopper rotating shaft (3), the first telescopic mechanism (510) and the second telescopic mechanism (512) in the automatic hopper reversing device are respectively fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the fixed steel frame (1), the top end of the guide rail (602) in the automatic hopper reversing device is fixedly mounted on the top end of the fixed steel frame (1), and the pressure rod (601) in the automatic hopper reversing device can apply pressure to the curved surface of the hopper (4).

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