Wind, light and heat storage power generation system capable of being flexibly adjusted

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of power generation, and provides a wind, light and heat storage flexible adjustment power generation system which comprises a grid-connected controller and a Carnot battery system which are connected, and the Carnot battery system comprises a first heat pump, a heat exchanger and at least two heat storage tanks; the wind and light power generation system is electrically connected with the grid-connected controller, and the grid-connected controller is used for splitting total fluctuation electric energy generated by the wind and light power generation system into a reference electric energy component and a fluctuation electric energy component; the input end of the electric heater is connected with the grid-connected controller, and the electric heater is used for heating the heat storage tank by utilizing the fluctuation electric energy component; the steam power generation system comprises a steam turbine; the at least two heat storage tanks comprise a low-temperature tank and a high-temperature tank, the first heat pump is used for conveying heat in the low-temperature tank to the high-temperature tank, the heat in the high-temperature tank is introduced into the heat exchanger to heat condensate water into superheated steam, and the superheated steam is used for pushing the steam turbine to generate power. Through a grid-connected controller and a Carnot cell, flexible and stable power supply of wind-solar heat storage and efficient utilization of electric energy are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of power generation technology, and more specifically, to a wind, solar, thermal and storage flexible adjustment power generation system. Background Art

[0002] With the growing global demand for clean energy, wind and photovoltaic power generation are playing an increasingly important role in the energy sector, with their installed capacity showing a significant upward trend. However, due to natural conditions, wind and photovoltaic power generation curves exhibit significant volatility. This volatility leads to instability in the power they deliver to the grid, significantly disrupting its normal operation and severely impacting its stability and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the technical problem of unstable power transmission in the power grid caused by the volatility of wind and solar power generation, this application proposes a wind, solar, thermal and storage flexible adjustment power generation system.

[0004] In view of this, the present application proposes a wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system, comprising: a grid-connected controller and a Carnot battery system connected to each other, the Carnot battery system comprising a first heat pump, a heat exchanger, and at least two heat storage tanks; a wind and solar power generation system, electrically connected to the grid-connected controller, the grid-connected controller being used to split the fluctuating total electrical energy generated by the wind and solar power generation system into a reference electrical energy component and a fluctuating electrical energy component; an electric heater, the input end of the electric heater being connected to the grid-connected controller, for heating the heat storage tank using the fluctuating electrical energy component; a steam power generation system, the steam power generation system comprising a steam turbine; wherein, at least two heat storage tanks comprise a low-temperature tank and a high-temperature tank, the first heat pump being used to transfer heat in the low-temperature tank to the high-temperature tank, the heat in the high-temperature tank being passed into a heat exchanger for heating condensed water into superheated steam, and the superheated steam being used to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity.

[0005] The wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system provided in this application includes a grid-connected controller, a Carnot battery system, a wind and solar power generation system, an electric heater, and a steam power generation system. The grid-connected controller can split the fluctuating electric energy generated by wind and solar power generation into a stable reference electric energy component and a fluctuating electric energy component. The reference electric energy component is directly connected to the power grid, and the fluctuating electric energy component is used to heat the heat storage tank, effectively solving the intermittent and random problems of new energy. For example, when the wind speed suddenly changes or the light intensity suddenly decreases, the system can quickly convert excess electric energy into thermal energy storage to avoid impact on the power grid.

[0006] The wind, solar, thermal, and energy storage flexible regulation power generation system provided in this application achieves integrated renewable energy consumption, grid peak regulation, and heat and power generation through an "electricity-heat-electricity" conversion path, making it particularly suitable for power grids with a high proportion of renewable energy. By using a grid-connected controller to split the total fluctuating electrical energy generated by the wind and solar power generation system into a baseline electrical energy component and a fluctuating electrical energy component, the combination of thermal energy storage and flexible regulation solves the problem of renewable energy fluctuations, achieving stable electrical output from wind turbines and photovoltaics while achieving efficient electrical energy utilization.

[0007] In some technical solutions, optionally, the wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system also includes: a heat absorber; a first molten salt pump connected to the heat absorber and the low-temperature tank, the first molten salt pump is used to pump the heat transfer medium in the low-temperature tank into the heat absorber; a second molten salt pump connected to the high-temperature tank and the heat exchanger, the second molten salt pump is used to pump the heat transfer medium in the high-temperature tank into the heat exchanger, and then transport it to the low-temperature tank; a heliostat field, the heliostat field is used to reflect and concentrate sunlight to the heat absorber to heat the heat transfer medium in the heat absorber.

[0008] In some technical solutions, optionally, the wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system also includes: a first pipeline connecting the heat exchanger and the steam turbine, and superheated steam enters the steam turbine through the first pipeline; a second pipeline connecting the steam turbine and the heat exchanger; a condenser, arranged on the second pipeline, and the condenser is used to condense the exhaust steam generated after the steam turbine generates electricity into liquid water; a circulating pump, arranged on the second pipeline, located between the condenser and the heat exchanger, and the circulating pump is used to pump the liquid water back into the heat exchanger.

[0009] In some technical solutions, optionally, the heat transfer medium is thermal oil or molten salt.

[0010] In some technical solutions, optionally, at least two heat storage tanks also include a medium-temperature tank; the steam power generation system also includes a boiler, and part of the superheated steam generated by the boiler is passed into the turbine for power generation, and the other part provides heat for the medium-temperature tank.

[0011] In some technical solutions, optionally, after the superheated steam completes heat exchange in the medium-temperature tank, one of the water or steam returns to the boiler for reheating; after the superheated steam passes through the turbine, part of the exhaust steam is passed into the heat exchanger for heat exchange, and the other part is transported to the boiler for reheating.

[0012] In some technical solutions, the grid-connected controller is optionally further used to decompose the electric energy generated by the steam power generation system into the reference electric energy and deep-regulated electric energy required by the power grid, and the deep-regulated electric energy is used to power the electric heater.

[0013] In some technical solutions, optionally, the Carnot battery system further includes: a second heat pump, arranged between the low-temperature tank and the medium-temperature tank; and a third heat pump, arranged between the medium-temperature tank and the high-temperature tank.

[0014] In some technical solutions, optionally, the wind-solar power generation system includes: a wind turbine, a photovoltaic array and a converter. The power generated by the wind turbine and the photovoltaic array is rectified by the converter and then passed into the grid-connected controller.

[0015] In some technical solutions, optionally, the wind-solar power generation system further includes: a capacitor, and the energy generated by the wind turbine and the photovoltaic array is passed through the capacitor and then into the grid-connected controller, and the capacitor is used to smooth sudden changes in wind and solar output.

[0016] Compared with the existing technology, this application has the following technical effects:

[0017] The wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system provided in this application is a power generation system based on the Carnot battery. By adopting a grid-connected controller and an electric heater, the fluctuating electrical energy components generated by wind turbines and photovoltaics are converted into thermal energy and provided to the Carnot battery. While achieving stable output of electrical energy from wind turbines and photovoltaics, efficient utilization of electrical energy is achieved. By introducing waste heat from thermal power, solar thermal, and other sources into the system, multi-level and multi-grade utilization of energy is achieved, and the energy output power of the Carnot battery system is improved. By adjusting the number and capacity of each storage tank, the overall energy utilization rate of the Carnot battery is improved while reducing the energy consumption of the Carnot battery heat pump.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent in the following description or may be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 A flow chart of a wind-solar-thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system in one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0021] Figure 2 A flow chart of a wind-solar-thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system in another embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0022] Figure 3 A flow chart of a wind, solar, thermal and storage flexible adjustment power generation system in another embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0023] in, Figures 1 to 3 The corresponding relationship between the reference numerals and component names is as follows:

[0024] 100 Wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system, 110 Grid-connected controller, 120 Carnot battery system, 121 First heat pump, 122 Second heat pump, 123 Third heat pump, 124 Heat exchanger, 125 Low-temperature tank, 126 Medium-temperature tank, 127 High-temperature tank, 130 Wind-solar power generation system, 132 Wind turbine, 134 Photovoltaic array, 140 Electric heater, 150 Steam power generation system, 152 Steam turbine, 154 Boiler, 156 Generator, 160 Heat absorber, 162 First molten salt pump, 164 Second molten salt pump, 166 Heliostat field, 170 First pipeline, 172 Second pipeline, 174 Condenser, 176 Circulating pump, 180 Capacitor, 190 Power grid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features therein can be combined with each other in the absence of conflict.

[0026] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0027] Refer to the following Figures 1 to 3 The wind, solar, thermal and energy storage flexible adjustment power generation system 100 according to some embodiments of the present application is described.

[0028] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the present application proposes a wind-solar-heat-storage flexible adjustment power generation system 100, comprising: a grid-connected controller 110 and a Carnot battery system 120 connected thereto, wherein the Carnot battery system 120 comprises a first heat pump 121, a heat exchanger 124 and at least two heat storage tanks; a wind-solar power generation system 130, electrically connected to the grid-connected controller 110, wherein the grid-connected controller 110 is used to split the total fluctuating electric energy generated by the wind-solar power generation system 130 into a reference electric energy component and a fluctuating electric energy component; an electric heater 140, which is electrically heated. The input end of the device 140 is connected to the grid controller 110, and is used to use the fluctuating electric energy component to heat the heat storage tank; the steam power generation system 150, the steam power generation system 150 includes a steam turbine 152; wherein, at least two heat storage tanks include a low-temperature tank 125 and a high-temperature tank 127, and the first heat pump 121 is used to transfer heat in the low-temperature tank 125 to the high-temperature tank 127. The heat in the high-temperature tank 127 is passed into the heat exchanger 124 to heat the condensed water into superheated steam, and the superheated steam is used to drive the steam turbine 152 to generate electricity.

[0029] The wind-solar-thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system 100 provided in this application includes a grid-connected controller 110, a Carnot battery system 120, a wind-solar power generation system 130, an electric heater 140 and a steam power generation system 150.

[0030] Grid controller 110 can split the fluctuating power generated by wind and solar power generation into a stable baseline power component and a fluctuating power component. The baseline power component is directly integrated into grid 190, while the fluctuating power component is used to heat the thermal storage tank, effectively addressing the intermittent and random nature of renewable energy. For example, when wind speed suddenly increases or sunlight suddenly decreases, the system can quickly convert excess power into thermal energy for storage, preventing any impact on grid 190.

[0031] The grid-connected controller 110 can use a specific control strategy to split the fluctuating power generated by wind and solar power generation. The specific control strategy is as follows: For power balance control, it monitors wind and solar power generation and grid load in real time. Using an LSTM neural network or random forest model, it uses input parameters such as wind speed, sunlight intensity, and temperature to predict power generation for the next 1-4 hours. Using a prediction algorithm, it estimates power trends. Power is allocated based on the principle of "stability first, excess power heating." The predicted stable power generation is used as the baseline power component and directly connected to the grid 190. The MPPT (maximum power point tracking) algorithm is used to adjust the operating point of the photovoltaic panels or wind turbines in real time to ensure maximum output of the baseline power component. Excess power is used to charge the Carnot battery or other energy storage. The fluctuating power is used as the fluctuating power component to heat the Carnot battery thermal storage tank through the electric heater 140. The fluctuating power is converted into thermal energy for storage. For power quality control, voltage and frequency are continuously monitored, and converter output is adjusted promptly when deviations occur. Harmonic detection and compensation technology is used to suppress grid harmonics and ensure power quality.

[0032] Optionally, the intelligent controller can intelligently adjust the amount of electricity supplied to the electric heater 140 based on the volatility of wind and solar power generation and off-peak electricity prices. The electric heater 140 can be installed on the low-temperature tank 125, the high-temperature tank 127, or both tanks, depending on the specific wind-solar power ratio and the capacity of the heat storage tank, to provide heat to the heat storage tank.

[0033] Optionally, the electric energy required by the first heat pump 121 is supplied by the power grid 190 or renewable energy.

[0034] Through the charging and discharging cycle of the heat storage tank, the system can absorb excess electricity during low-consumption periods and release heat energy to generate electricity during peak periods, achieving "peak shaving and valley filling" and significantly improving the grid's 190° peak-shaving capacity.

[0035] The Carnot battery system 120 uses a heat pump to transfer heat from a low-temperature tank 125 to a high-temperature tank 127. This heat is then heated to superheated steam via a heat exchanger 124. Compared to traditional electrochemical batteries, this system offers lower energy storage costs and is not restricted by geographical conditions, making it suitable for large-scale deployment. The thermal storage tanks in the Carnot battery system 120 store heat energy at different temperatures in separate layers. The low-temperature tank 125 is used for basic heating, while the high-temperature tank 127 drives a steam turbine 152 for power generation. The electric heater 140 directly utilizes fluctuating electrical energy to heat the heat transfer medium within the thermal storage tanks.

[0036] The thermal storage tanks and heat pumps feature a modular design, allowing for flexible capacity expansion and contraction based on demand. For example, increasing the number of thermal storage tanks can extend the energy storage duration, adapting to wind and solar power plants of varying sizes.

[0037] The wind, solar, thermal, and storage flexible regulation power generation system 100 provided in this application achieves integrated energy consumption, grid 190 peak regulation, and heat and power generation through an "electricity-heat-electricity" conversion path, making it particularly suitable for grids 190 with a high proportion of renewable energy. The total fluctuating electrical energy generated by the wind and solar power generation system 130 is split into a baseline electrical energy component and a fluctuating electrical energy component through the grid-connected controller 110. Combining thermal energy storage with flexible regulation solves the problem of renewable energy fluctuations, achieving stable electrical output from wind turbines and photovoltaics while also achieving efficient electrical energy utilization.

[0038] In some embodiments, optionally, as Figure 1 As shown, the wind-solar-thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system 100 also includes: a heat absorber 160; a first molten salt pump 162, connected to the heat absorber 160 and the low-temperature tank 125, the first molten salt pump 162 is used to pump the heat transfer medium in the low-temperature tank 125 into the heat absorber 160; a second molten salt pump 164, connected to the high-temperature tank 127 and the heat exchanger 124, the second molten salt pump 164 is used to pump the heat transfer medium in the high-temperature tank 127 into the heat exchanger 124, and then transport it to the low-temperature tank 125; a heliostat field 166, the heliostat field 166 is used to reflect and concentrate sunlight to the heat absorber 160 to heat the heat transfer medium in the heat absorber 160.

[0039] In this embodiment, the wind-solar-thermal-storage flexible power generation system 100 also includes a heat absorber 160, a first molten salt pump 162, a second molten salt pump 164, and a heliostat field 166. Heliostat field 166 utilizes a high-precision dual-axis tracking system. Its mirror array tracks the sun's trajectory in real time, reflecting scattered sunlight onto the heat absorber 160 to form a high-density energy flow. This mirror-reflection focusing technology significantly improves the efficiency of photothermal conversion and provides a stable, high-temperature heat source for the system.

[0040] The absorber 160, comprised of a high-temperature resistant vacuum tube bundle and a spectrally selective absorption coating, efficiently absorbs the solar energy concentrated by the heliostat field 166 and transfers the heat energy to a circulating heat transfer medium. This optimizes heat transfer efficiency, minimizes heat loss, and ensures efficient thermal energy storage.

[0041] The first molten salt pump 162 drives the heat transfer medium from the low-temperature tank 125 to the heat absorber 160. After absorbing heat in the heat absorber 160, the heat transfer medium is stored in the high-temperature tank 127, forming a thermal energy reserve. This achieves the temporal and spatial transfer of thermal energy, freeing power generation from being constrained by sunlight conditions and significantly enhancing the system's flexible regulation capabilities. The second molten salt pump 164 is used to pump the heat transfer medium from the high-temperature tank 127 to the heat exchanger 124. After heat exchange is completed, it is then transported to the low-temperature tank 125.

[0042] Through the coordinated operation of the heat absorber 160, the first molten salt pump 162, the second molten salt pump 164 and the heliostat field 166, the heliostat field 166 improves the energy density, the heat absorber 160 efficiently converts thermal energy, and the first molten salt pump 162 and the second molten salt pump 164 regulate the storage / discharge process, jointly constructing a power generation system with high conversion efficiency and flexible response characteristics, providing a dispatchable thermal energy buffer for wind and solar power generation.

[0043] In some embodiments, optionally, as Figure 1 As shown, the wind, solar and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system 100 also includes: a first pipeline 170, connecting the heat exchanger 124 and the steam turbine 152, and the superheated steam enters the steam turbine 152 through the first pipeline 170; a second pipeline 172, connecting the steam turbine 152 and the heat exchanger 124; a condenser 174, arranged on the second pipeline 172, and the condenser 174 is used to condense the exhaust steam generated after the steam turbine 152 generates electricity into liquid water; a circulating pump 176, arranged on the second pipeline 172, located between the condenser 174 and the heat exchanger 124, and the circulating pump 176 is used to pump the liquid water back into the heat exchanger 124.

[0044] In this embodiment, the wind-solar-thermal energy storage flexible power generation system 100 further includes a first pipeline 170, a second pipeline 172, a condenser 174, and a circulating pump 176. First pipeline 170 forms a steam transmission channel that directly transmits the superheated steam generated in heat exchanger 124 to steam turbine 152, which drives the blades to rotate, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy and driving generator 156 to generate electricity.

[0045] Second pipeline 172 forms a steam circulation path, directing exhaust steam from turbine 152 back to heat exchanger 124. This circuit achieves phase conversion of the exhaust steam through condenser 174, using a cooling medium to condense the low-pressure exhaust steam into liquid water, while simultaneously releasing latent heat to preheat the feed water, thereby improving system thermal efficiency.

[0046] Circulating pump 176, located between condenser 174 and heat exchanger 124, ensures that liquid water is promptly returned to heat exchanger 124 for reheating. Circulating pump 176 utilizes variable frequency control to dynamically adjust the circulating water volume, maintaining system thermal balance and enabling flexible response to fluctuations in wind and solar power generation.

[0047] In some embodiments, optionally, the heat transfer medium is thermal oil or molten salt.

[0048] In this embodiment, thermal oil is suitable for medium- and low-temperature systems. Its low viscosity ensures rapid flow within the heat absorber 160, enhancing convective heat transfer efficiency. Driven by a molten salt pump, the cold oil forms a closed-loop circulation system. After absorbing solar energy, the oil heats up and is stored. It can quickly respond to commands from the power grid 190 to switch operating modes, making it particularly suitable for peak-shaving power generation scenarios.

[0049] Molten salt is designed specifically for high-temperature heat storage, and its mixed nitrate formula boasts an ultra-wide liquid temperature range (290°C to 565°C). Under the focused radiation of the 166 heliostat field, the molten salt absorbs heat and generates phase-change energy storage. A dual-tank system decouples heat charge and discharge, allowing the power generation cycle to exceed sunlight restrictions and provide a thermal buffer for daytime and nighttime scheduling of wind and solar power generation.

[0050] Thermal oil focuses on rapid thermal response, while molten salt highlights large-capacity heat storage. The medium type can be flexibly selected according to regional sunshine conditions. It not only supports independent solar thermal power generation, but also serves as a power regulator for wind and solar power generation, significantly improving the new energy absorption capacity.

[0051] In some embodiments, optionally, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, at least two heat storage tanks also include a medium temperature tank 126; the steam power generation system 150 also includes a boiler 154, and a part of the superheated steam generated by the boiler 154 is passed into the turbine 152 for power generation, and the other part provides heat for the medium temperature tank 126.

[0052] In this embodiment, the heat storage tank also includes a medium temperature tank 126, forming a three-stage heat storage structure of low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature, so that the heat pump cycle can be carried out in stages: the low temperature tank 125 receives the primary heat from the electric heater 140, which is pumped to the medium temperature tank 126 for buffering through the heat pump, and then pumped to the high temperature tank 127 for the second time. This hierarchical energy storage mode not only reduces the Loss, and provide matching heat source for heat loads with different temperature requirements.

[0053] The superheated steam generated by boiler 154 first enters steam turbine 152 to generate electricity. The exhaust steam, still carrying intermediate-level thermal energy, is directed to medium-temperature tank 126 for secondary energy storage. This allows a single steam stream to achieve dual energy output, improving overall system efficiency.

[0054] Optionally, the boiler 154 may be a solar boiler 154 or an industrial waste heat boiler 154 , and the heat thereof may be exchanged to the medium temperature tank 126 for heating.

[0055] In some embodiments, optionally, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, after the superheated steam completes heat exchange in the medium-temperature tank 126, one of the water or steam returns to the boiler 154 for reheating; after the superheated steam passes through the turbine 152, part of the exhaust steam is passed into the heat exchanger 124 for heat exchange, and the other part is transported to the boiler 154 for reheating.

[0056] In this implementation, dual heat feedback channels are established, from medium-temperature tank 126 to boiler 154 and from turbine 152 to boiler 154. This allows the heat exchanged medium to return to boiler 154 with excess heat for reheating. This breaks through the traditional one-way heat utilization model, forming a closed heat cycle and significantly improving the system's thermal efficiency.

[0057] The low-pressure exhaust steam from turbine 152 is utilized in stages. A portion enters heat exchanger 124 to maintain basic heating, while the remaining portion returns to boiler 154 for reheating. Boiler 154 uses supplemental combustion to raise the exhaust steam energy level to superheated steam, achieving energy quality recovery.

[0058] In some embodiments, optionally, as Figure 2 As shown, the grid controller 110 is also used to decompose the electric energy generated by the steam power generation system 150 into the reference electric energy and deep-regulated electric energy required by the power grid 190 , and the deep-regulated electric energy is used to power the electric heater 140 .

[0059] In this embodiment, the grid-connected controller 110 dynamically decomposes the total output power of the steam power generation system 150 into two parts through an algorithm. The baseline power is continuously delivered to the power grid 190 at a stable power level to meet the base load demand; the deep-regulation power is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time instructions of the power grid 190, and is preferentially supplied to the electric heater 140. This dual-mode output mechanism not only ensures the stability of the power supply of the power grid 190, but also converts excess power into thermal energy for storage through the electric heater 140. When wind and solar power generation fluctuates or the load on the power grid 190 suddenly increases, the stored thermal energy can be quickly converted into electricity and fed back to the power grid 190, forming an "electricity-heat-electricity" conversion closed loop.

[0060] The grid-connected controller 110 converts excess electricity during peak power generation periods into internal energy in the thermal storage medium through electric heating, releasing it when electricity demand surges. This not only solves the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation, but also reduces peak load regulation pressure on the power grid 190 through thermal buffering. This energy splitting solution significantly improves system operational flexibility and energy utilization, enabling the wind, solar, thermal, and storage power generation system to achieve multi-timescale regulation capabilities.

[0061] In some embodiments, optionally, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the Carnot battery system 120 further includes: a second heat pump 122 , disposed between the low-temperature tank 125 and the medium-temperature tank 126 ; and a third heat pump 123 , disposed between the medium-temperature tank 126 and the high-temperature tank 127 .

[0062] In this embodiment, the Carnot battery system 120 further includes a second heat pump 122 and a third heat pump 123. By adding multiple stages of heat pumps, a cascade heat energy transmission system is constructed, which significantly improves the energy conversion efficiency and operational flexibility of the Carnot battery.

[0063] Specifically, the second heat pump 122 is arranged between the low-temperature tank 125 and the medium-temperature tank 126, serving as a heat energy transportation hub, pumping the medium and low-temperature heat energy stored in the low-temperature tank 125 to the medium-temperature tank 126, thereby improving the quality of heat energy by consuming a small amount of electricity.

[0064] The third heat pump 123 connects the intermediate-temperature tank 126 and the high-temperature tank 127, performing a secondary heat upgrade. It pumps heat from the intermediate-temperature tank 126 to the high-temperature tank 127, creating a larger temperature gradient. This tiered heating mechanism avoids the efficiency degradation caused by the large temperature gradients associated with a single heat pump while also improving the overall energy efficiency of the system through cascaded thermal energy utilization.

[0065] The dual heat pumps work together to enable the system to regulate three temperature zones. Low-temperature tank 125 maintains basic heat storage, medium-temperature tank 126 receives transitional heat, and high-temperature tank 127 stores high-quality heat. When grid demand fluctuates, the heat pump's operating strategy can flexibly adjust the flow and distribution of heat energy between zones, achieving decoupled thermal and electric operation. During peak wind and solar power generation periods, excess electricity drives the heat pump to improve thermal quality. When electricity demand surges, high-temperature tank 127 releases heat energy to drive the heat engine for power generation, forming a highly efficient "electricity-heat-electricity" conversion chain, significantly enhancing the system's ability to adapt to fluctuations in renewable energy.

[0066] Optionally, the electric energy required by the second heat pump 122 and the third heat pump 123 is supplied by the power grid 190 or renewable energy.

[0067] In some embodiments, optionally, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the wind-solar power generation system 130 includes: a wind turbine 132 , a photovoltaic array 134 and a converter. The power generated by the wind turbine 132 and the photovoltaic array 134 is rectified by the converter and then passed into the grid controller 110 .

[0068] In this embodiment, wind-solar power generation system 130 includes a wind turbine 132, a photovoltaic array 134, and an inverter. Wind turbine 132 captures wind energy through its impellers, driving generator 156 to convert mechanical energy into AC power. PV array 134 utilizes solar panels in a series-parallel configuration to directly convert solar energy into DC power. The inverter, serving as the core of power conversion, rectifies the AC output of wind turbine 132 and inverts the DC output of photovoltaic array 134, converting the resulting power into AC that meets the standards of power grid 190.

[0069] After receiving the electric energy processed by the converter, the grid-connected controller 110 can split the fluctuating electric energy generated by wind and solar power generation into a stable reference electric energy component and a fluctuating electric energy component. The reference electric energy component is directly connected to the power grid 190, and the fluctuating electric energy component is used to heat the heat storage tank, effectively solving the intermittent and random problems of new energy.

[0070] By leveraging the spatiotemporal complementarity of wind and solar resources, smoothing power generation fluctuations, and combining the broadband response characteristics of the converter with the intelligent scheduling algorithm of the grid-connected controller 110, the intermittent problem of single renewable energy power generation is effectively solved, and the reliability of the distributed power generation system and the adaptability of the grid 190 are improved.

[0071] In some embodiments, optionally, as Figure 3 As shown, the wind-solar power generation system 130 further includes a capacitor 180. The energy generated by the wind turbine 132 and the photovoltaic array 134 passes through the capacitor 180 and then enters the grid controller 110. The capacitor 180 is used to smooth sudden changes in wind and solar power output.

[0072] In this embodiment, the wind-solar power generation system 130 further includes a capacitor 180, which is a supercapacitor. By introducing the capacitor 180, an output buffer layer of the wind-solar power generation system 130 is constructed, solving the problem of volatility of renewable energy generation.

[0073] Capacitor 180, connected in parallel within the power generation circuit as a transient energy storage element, can instantly absorb or release energy when the output of wind turbine 132 fluctuates suddenly due to a sudden change in wind speed or when photovoltaic array 134 is obscured by cloud cover. Its charge-discharge characteristics enable rapid response to millisecond-level power fluctuations, converting sudden pulses of electrical energy into a smooth DC output. This "peak shaving" effect significantly reduces fluctuations in generated power, creating stable input conditions for grid-connected controller 110.

[0074] Along the power transmission path, capacitor 180 and the converter form a cascaded filtering structure. Capacitor 180 first absorbs high-frequency harmonic components, while the converter then converts the smooth DC power into standard AC. This dual regulation mechanism ensures that the output power quality meets the stringent grid connection requirements of grid 190. Furthermore, capacitor 180 dynamically compensates for reactive power, enabling real-time adjustment of the system power factor, further improving the adaptability of grid 190. This enables wind and solar power generation system 130 to possess "flexible power generation" characteristics, retaining the clean, low-carbon advantages of new energy while achieving a stable output close to that of traditional power sources through the capacitor buffer layer, making it suitable for large-scale new energy grid connection.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, in the first specific embodiment of the present application, a wind, solar, thermal, and storage flexible adjustment power generation system 100 based on a Carnot battery is proposed. It includes a wind and solar power curtailment utilization subsystem (wind and solar power generation system 130), a solar thermal power generation subsystem, and a Carnot battery multi-grade utilization subsystem (Carnot battery system 120); the wind and solar power curtailment utilization subsystem includes a wind turbine 132, a photovoltaic array 134, an inverter, a grid controller 110, and an electric heater 140. During operation, the electricity generated by the wind turbine 132 and the photovoltaic array 134 is rectified by the inverter and input into the grid controller 110. The grid controller 110 divides the fluctuating total power into a stable baseline power and a fluctuating power. The stable baseline power is directly connected to the power grid 190 to provide a stable power supply to the power grid 190, while the fluctuating power is transmitted to the electric heater 140 to heat the low-temperature tank 125 of the Carnot battery, converting the electrical energy into thermal energy for storage, effectively avoiding power curtailment and achieving secondary energy utilization. The CSP waste heat utilization subsystem includes a heliostat field 166, a tower receiver 160, a low-temperature tank 125, and a high-temperature tank 127. Driven by a molten salt pump, the low-temperature tank 125 is transported to the tower receiver 160. The heliostat field 166 reflects and concentrates solar energy onto the tower receiver 160, heating the molten salt before transporting it to the high-temperature tank 127. The Carnot cell multi-grade utilization subsystem also includes the low-temperature tank 125, the high-temperature tank 127, and a heat pump. Notably, the Carnot cell multi-grade utilization subsystem shares a heat storage tank with the CSP subsystem to achieve the system's high thermal output. The heat pump transfers heat from the thermal oil in the low-temperature tank 125 to the high-temperature tank 127. Under the dual heat supply of solar concentration and heat pump, the high-temperature tank 127 transports the molten salt to the heat exchanger 124, heats the condensed water into superheated steam, and the superheated steam drives the turbine 152 to generate electricity, and the exhaust steam generated returns to the heat exchanger 124 to realize circulation.

[0076] like Figure 2As shown, in the second specific embodiment of the present application, another wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system 100 based on Carnot batteries is proposed, including a wind and solar power curtailment utilization subsystem (wind and solar power generation system 130), a thermal power generation waste heat utilization subsystem and a thermal power generation deep adjustment utilization subsystem (steam power generation system 150) and a Carnot battery multi-grade utilization subsystem (Cano battery system 120). The wind and solar power curtailment utilization subsystem includes a wind turbine 132, a photovoltaic array 134, an inverter, a grid controller 110 and electric heating. The wind turbine 132 and the photovoltaic array 134 rectify the generated energy through the inverter and input it into the grid controller 110. The grid controller 110 calculates and decomposes the total electric energy that fluctuates over a period of time through a control strategy, decomposes it into a stable reference amount of electricity and a fluctuating amount of electricity, and transports the fluctuating amount of electricity to the electric heating to provide heat. The grid controller 110 can intelligently allocate electricity to the electric heating according to the volatility of the wind and solar power generation and the off-peak electricity price. The electric heating installation position is installed at the position of low-temperature tank 125 according to the wind-solar ratio and the capacity of the heat storage tank to provide heat for the low-temperature tank 125.

[0077] The thermal power generation deep regulation and utilization subsystem includes a boiler 154, a steam turbine 152, and an electric heater 140. Thermal power generation energy is fed into a grid controller 110, which, through a control strategy, calculates and decomposes the energy into the baseline energy and deep regulation energy required by the grid 190. The deep regulation energy component is then transferred to the electric heater 140 to provide heat.

[0078] The thermal power generation waste heat utilization subsystem includes a boiler 154, a steam turbine 152, and a heat exchanger 124. When the power grid 190 does not require full thermal power generation, the boiler 154 heats the water working fluid into superheated steam. This superheated steam drives the steam turbine 152 to generate electricity, while the remaining superheated steam is transported to the intermediate temperature tank 126 for heat exchange. After the superheated steam completes heat exchange in the heat exchanger 124 of the intermediate temperature tank 126, the condensed water returns to the boiler 154 for reheating. After passing through the steam turbine 152, part of the exhaust steam is passed into the heat exchanger 124 of the Carnot battery system 120 for heat exchange, while the remaining part is transported to the boiler 154 for reheating. The Carnot battery multi-grade utilization subsystem includes a low-temperature tank 125, an intermediate-temperature tank 126, a high-temperature tank 127, a heat pump, and a heat exchanger 124. The heat pump transfers heat from the low-temperature tank 125 to the intermediate-temperature tank 126, and similarly to the high-temperature tank 127. Heat from the high-temperature tank 127 is fed into the Carnot battery heat exchanger 124 to heat the exhaust steam, which is then returned to the low-temperature tank 125. The heat transfer fluid in the low-temperature tank 125, intermediate-temperature tank 126, and high-temperature tank 127 is molten salt, which stores heat for the system. The capacity of each tank can be selected based on the actual external heat source and grade to improve system efficiency. This combined power generation system achieves stable wind and solar power generation and multi-level, multi-grade energy utilization.

[0079] like Figure 3 As shown, in the third specific embodiment of the present application, another wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system 100 based on Carnot batteries is proposed, including a wind and solar power curtailment utilization subsystem (wind and solar power generation system 130), a thermal power generation waste heat utilization subsystem (steam power generation system 150) and a Carnot battery multi-grade utilization subsystem (Cano battery system 120). The wind and solar power curtailment utilization subsystem includes a wind turbine 132, a photovoltaic array 134, an inverter, a grid controller 110 and an electric heating device. During operation, the electricity generated by the wind turbine 132 and the photovoltaic array 134 is rectified by the inverter and input into the grid controller 110. The grid controller 110 is the core of the subsystem, which can accurately analyze the volatility of wind and solar power generation, and in combination with the off-peak electricity price period, use a specific control strategy to accurately calculate and split the total electric energy that fluctuates over a period of time, and divide it into stable baseline electricity and fluctuating electricity. The stable baseline power is directly fed into the grid 190, providing a stable power supply. Fluctuating power is then fed into an electric heating device to heat the Carnot battery's intermediate-temperature tank 126, converting the electrical energy into thermal energy for storage. This effectively avoids power curtailment and enables secondary energy utilization. The wind and solar curtailment power utilization subsystem can be equipped with fast-response energy storage methods such as supercapacitors and flywheel energy storage to initially adjust the wind and solar output curve. The thermal power generation waste heat utilization subsystem comprises a boiler 154, a steam turbine 152, and a heat exchanger 124. When the load demand on the grid 190 decreases and full thermal power generation is no longer required, the boiler 154 heats water into superheated steam. A portion of the superheated steam drives the steam turbine 152, generating electricity and transmitting it to the grid 190. The remaining portion of the superheated steam is introduced into the intermediate-temperature tank 126, providing heat for the tank and enabling waste heat utilization. At the same time, the steam that has completed heat exchange in the heat exchanger 124 of the medium-temperature tank 126 will be returned to the boiler 154 for reheating to avoid heat loss; after the exhaust steam from the turbine 152 has done work, part of it is transported to the Carnot battery heat exchanger 124 for heat exchange, and the other part is returned to the boiler 154 for reheating, thus maximizing the use of the waste heat generated during the thermal power generation process and improving energy efficiency. The Carnot battery multi-grade utilization subsystem includes a low-temperature tank 125, a medium-temperature tank 126, a high-temperature tank 127, a heat pump, and a heat exchanger 124. This subsystem uses thermal oil as a heat transfer medium. Through the action of the heat pump, the heat of the thermal oil in the low-temperature tank 125 is transferred to the medium-temperature tank 126. Similarly, the heat of the medium-temperature tank 126 is transported to the high-temperature tank 127, achieving a step-by-step increase in heat. The heat in high-temperature tank 127 passes through heat exchanger 124, heating the exhaust steam from steam turbine 152 into superheated steam. This steam, along with the superheated steam generated by boiler 154, enters steam turbine 152, driving it to generate electricity. After the heat exchange process is complete, the heat is returned to low-temperature tank 125, forming a complete heat recycling system and further improving energy efficiency.

[0080] In summary, the wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system 100 provided in this application is a power generation system based on Carnot batteries. By adopting a grid-connected controller 110 and an electric heater 140, the fluctuating electrical energy components generated by wind turbines and photovoltaics are converted into thermal energy and provided to the Carnot batteries. This achieves stable output of electrical energy from wind turbines and photovoltaics while achieving efficient utilization of electrical energy. By introducing waste heat from thermal power, solar thermal, and other sources into the system, multi-level and multi-grade energy utilization is achieved, increasing the energy output power of the Carnot battery system 120. By adjusting the number and capacity of each heat storage tank, the overall energy utilization rate of the Carnot battery is improved while reducing the energy consumption of the Carnot battery heat pump.

[0081] In this application, the term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless otherwise specified. Terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can mean fixed, removable, or integrally connected; and "connected" can mean directly or indirectly through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0082] Throughout this specification, terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," and "specific embodiments" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0083] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A wind, solar, thermal and storage flexible adjustment power generation system (100), characterized in that: include: A grid connection controller (110) and a Carnot battery system (120) connected thereto, wherein the Carnot battery system (120) includes a first heat pump (121), a heat exchanger (124), and at least two heat storage tanks; A wind-solar power generation system (130) is electrically connected to the grid-connected controller (110), and the grid-connected controller (110) is used to split the total fluctuating electric energy generated by the wind-solar power generation system (130) into a reference electric energy component and a fluctuating electric energy component; an electric heater (140), the input end of the electric heater (140) being connected to the grid-connected controller (110) and being used to heat the heat storage tank using the fluctuating electric energy component; A steam power generation system (150), the steam power generation system (150) including a steam turbine (152); The at least two heat storage tanks include a low-temperature tank (125) and a high-temperature tank (127); the first heat pump (121) is used to transfer heat in the low-temperature tank (125) to the high-temperature tank (127); the heat in the high-temperature tank (127) is passed into the heat exchanger (124) to heat condensed water into superheated steam; and the superheated steam is used to drive the steam turbine (152) to generate electricity.

2. The wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system (100) according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: heat absorber (160); a first molten salt pump (162) connected to the heat absorber (160) and the low-temperature tank (125), the first molten salt pump (162) being used to pump the heat transfer medium in the low-temperature tank (125) into the heat absorber (160); a second molten salt pump (164) connected to the high-temperature tank (127) and the heat exchanger (124), the second molten salt pump (164) being used to pump the heat transfer medium in the high-temperature tank (127) into the heat exchanger (124), and then transport it to the low-temperature tank (125); A heliostat field (166) is used to reflect sunlight and focus it onto the heat absorber (160) to heat the heat transfer medium in the heat absorber (160).

3. The wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system (100) according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Also includes: a first pipeline (170) connecting the heat exchanger (124) and the steam turbine (152), and superheated steam enters the steam turbine (152) through the first pipeline (170); a second pipeline (172) connecting the steam turbine (152) and the heat exchanger (124); a condenser (174) disposed on the second pipeline (172), the condenser (174) being used to condense exhaust steam generated after the steam turbine (152) generates electricity into liquid water; A circulation pump (176) is provided on the second pipeline (172) and is located between the condenser (174) and the heat exchanger (124). The circulation pump (176) is used to pump the liquid water back into the heat exchanger (124).

4. The wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system (100) according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The heat transfer medium is heat-conducting oil or molten salt.

5. The wind-solar-thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The at least two heat storage tanks further include a medium temperature tank (126); The steam power generation system (150) further includes a boiler (154). A portion of the superheated steam generated by the boiler (154) is introduced into the steam turbine (152) for power generation, and the other portion provides heat for the medium-temperature tank (126).

6. The wind, solar, and thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system (100) according to claim 5 is characterized in that: After the superheated steam completes heat exchange in the medium-temperature tank (126), either water or steam returns to the boiler (154) for reheating; After the superheated steam passes through the steam turbine (152), part of the exhaust steam is introduced into the heat exchanger (124) for heat exchange, and the other part is transported to the boiler (154) for reheating.

7. The wind, solar, thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system (100) according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The grid-connected controller (110) is further used to decompose the electric energy generated by the steam power generation system (150) into reference electric energy and deep-regulated electric energy required by the power grid (190), and the deep-regulated electric energy is used to power the electric heater (140).

8. The wind, solar, thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system (100) according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The Carnot battery system (120) further includes: a second heat pump (122) disposed between the low-temperature tank (125) and the medium-temperature tank (126); The third heat pump (123) is arranged between the medium-temperature tank (126) and the high-temperature tank (127).

9. The wind-solar-thermal storage flexible adjustment power generation system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The wind-solar power generation system (130) comprises: a wind turbine (132), a photovoltaic array (134) and a converter. The power generated by the wind turbine (132) and the photovoltaic array (134) is rectified by the converter and then passed into the grid-connected controller (110).

10. The wind, solar, thermal and energy storage flexible adjustment power generation system (100) according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The wind-solar power generation system (130) further includes: A capacitor (180), wherein the energy generated by the wind turbine (132) and the photovoltaic array (134) passes through the capacitor (180) and then enters the grid-connected controller (110), and the capacitor (180) is used to smooth sudden changes in wind and solar power output.

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