Concealed stoma vibrating undergarment alert monitoring system

Abstract

The present application relates to nursing device technical field, disclose a kind of invisible stoma vibration underwear reminding monitoring system, including one distributed resistance network and microcontroller being arranged in underwear;Microcontroller is compared difference by establishing reference voltage division ratio between network nodes, and continuously monitors current voltage division ratio with the reference, when difference exceeds mutation threshold, drive reminding device.The present application shifts monitoring focus from tracking complex physiological parameters to guarding the electrical integrity of a stable physical system by using the relative stability of voltage division ratio, which can suppress global interference such as body temperature or deformation in structure, while showing high sensitivity to leakage-specific local electrical mutations, thereby achieving high-reliability early warning of leakage risk at very low power consumption.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a hidden stoma vibration underwear reminding monitoring system, belonging to the technical field of nursing devices. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the current stoma care practice, in order to prevent physiological discomfort and social awkwardness caused by accidental leakage of stoma bag, technicians have developed various early warning devices based on electronic sensing technology. The common technical approach of these devices is to integrate one or more sensors, such as humidity, temperature or pressure sensors, in the area adjacent to the stoma bag to continuously collect physiological data of the user's local body. The underlying logic assumption is that by tracking the changes of these multi-dimensional physiological parameters in real time and using specific algorithm models for analysis, the characteristic signals indicating the risk of leakage can be identified in advance, thereby triggering a reminder. This technical approach relying on multi-dimensional data tracking and complex algorithm interpretation has become the mainstream of the existing technology to some extent.

[0003] However, when such devices are placed in the real daily life of users for review, the inherent limitations of the above technical approach will be revealed. Users' daily activities, such as walking, bending over, changing of sitting and lying posture, and even sweating caused by emotional tension or exercise, will cause dramatic and irregular fluctuations in the corresponding physiological parameters. These normal physiological and physical changes caused by non-leakage events often form noise much stronger than early micro-leakage signals at the data level, making it extremely difficult for the monitoring system to accurately distinguish the true leakage signal from the noise. In order to improve the sensitivity of the early warning and reduce the judgment threshold, it is inevitable to cause frequent false alarms and increase the psychological burden of users. Conversely, in order to reduce the false alarm rate and increase the threshold, the sensitivity is sacrificed, which brings the risk of missed alarms.

[0004] More deeply, the root cause of this technical dilemma is not the lack of sensor accuracy or algorithm complexity, but the inherent limitations of the monitoring method itself. Specifically, the existing technology mainly has the following deficiencies: 1. The signal-to-noise ratio of the monitoring signal is low, and the true leakage signal is easily overwhelmed by the noise generated by daily physiological activities, making it difficult to guarantee the reliability of the early warning; 2. The complexity of the system and the continuous data processing requirements result in generally high power consumption, and frequent charging or battery replacement brings additional maintenance burden to the users, which is contrary to the development trend of nursing devices pursuing non-invasive and hidden. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a hidden stoma vibrating underwear reminding monitoring system, which mainly aims to solve the problem of low reliability, high power consumption and easy interference by daily activities caused by the dependence of complex algorithm to interpret multi-dimensional physiological parameters in the existing leakage monitoring technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a hidden stoma vibrating underwear reminding monitoring system, which comprises:

[0007] a distributed resistance network, which is arranged on the inner side of the underwear for accommodating the stoma pocket;

[0008] a microcontroller, which is electrically connected with the distributed resistance network;

[0009] a reminding device, which is connected with the microcontroller, wherein the microcontroller is configured to: measure and store the reference voltage division ratio between at least two nodes in the distributed resistance network when performing a calibration operation; periodically measure the current voltage division ratio between the at least two nodes when monitoring; and compare the current voltage division ratio with the reference voltage division ratio, and drive the reminding device to generate a reminding signal when the difference between the two exceeds a mutation determination threshold.

[0010] Preferably, the distributed resistance network is formed by printing a carbon-based conductive ink on the fabric of the underwear; the carbon-based conductive ink contains ionizable salts wrapped by a resin binder, which is configured to make the local area of the distributed resistance network to be dissolved and ionized when contacting the aqueous electrolyte, so as to reduce the resistance value of the local area.

[0011] Preferably, the microcontroller is specifically configured to: take the reference voltage division ratio and the current voltage division ratio as a reference state vector and a current state vector, respectively; and determine whether the difference exceeds the mutation determination threshold according to the following mutation determination condition: wherein, is the value of the i-th component in the current state vector, is the value of the i-th component in the reference state vector, is the value of the i-th component in the reference state vector, is the value of the i-th component in the reference state vector, is the value of the i-th component in the reference state vector,

[0012] Preferably, the system further comprises a reset button; the calibration operation is performed in response to the reset button being triggered to establish the reference voltage division ratio corresponding to the instant wearing state.

[0013] Preferably, the reminding device is a micro flat vibrating motor; the system is powered by a single disposable button cell, which is matched with the microampere standby power consumption mode of the microcontroller to prolong the single power supply working period of the system.

[0014] Preferably, the system further comprises an auxiliary sensing circuit; the microcontroller is further configured to receive a contact state signal outputted by the auxiliary sensing circuit, the contact state signal representing a state of physical contact between the distributed resistance network and the user's skin; and only when the contact state signal indicates that the physical contact is in a stable state, the microcontroller performs the periodic measurement of the current voltage division ratio and compares the ratio with the reference voltage division ratio to determine whether to drive the alert device.

[0015] Preferably, the auxiliary sensing circuit is a capacitive proximity sensing circuit; the contact state signal is a capacitance value; and the stable state is a stable range of the capacitance value.

[0016] Preferably, the microcontroller is further configured to, after determining that the difference exceeds the mutation determination threshold, apply a bi-phasic micro-current pulse of a predetermined waveform to the network region corresponding to the difference and collect a voltage response waveform of the region; and only when a feature of the voltage response waveform matches a non-linear response feature representing a high-ionic-concentration liquid, the microcontroller finally drives the alert device.

[0017] Preferably, the microcontroller is further configured to perform frequency domain analysis on the signals collected from the distributed resistance network to obtain a harmonic energy ratio; and only when the difference exceeds the mutation determination threshold and the harmonic energy ratio is lower than a contact state determination threshold, the microcontroller finally drives the alert device.

[0018] Preferably, the distributed resistance network has a spider-web topology that extends radially from a central region to the periphery, and the position distribution of the wiring path covers a leakage development area extending outward from the adhesive edge of the pouch.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. By combining a distributed resistance network, a microcontroller, and an alerting device, a nursing approach that moves from post-remediation to early warning is constructed. This approach no longer relies on the complex tracking and analysis of multiple physiological parameters, but instead returns to the integrity of monitoring behavior, namely, safeguarding the integrity of a stable system. The distributed resistance network and the voltage divider ratio monitoring mechanism in this solution are not simply functional superpositions, but rather an inherent logical coupling. The former endows the underwear fabric with the ability to sense trace electrolytes through special conductive materials, allowing the physical event of leakage to be directly converted into a high signal-to-noise ratio electrical signal. The latter utilizes the relative stability of the voltage divider ratio, enabling it to structurally suppress global and slowly varying interferences caused by factors such as changes in body temperature and overall stretching, while exhibiting high sensitivity to the local and abrupt signals unique to leakage. This design allows the system to shift its monitoring focus from trying to understand and model the complex human body system to simply identifying whether a stable state has been disrupted, with extremely low power consumption. This simplifies the nursing device in terms of energy consumption and the mental burden on the user while ensuring high alert sensitivity.

[0021] 2. When an initial electrical signal mutation is detected, the system does not directly trigger an alert. Instead, it initiates a process that includes physical and chemical verification steps. First, by analyzing the frequency domain characteristics of the signal, it determines from a physical perspective whether the mutation originates from poor contact caused by physical activity. This method of using the difference in vibration harmonic energy to infer the mechanical contact state reuses interference noise information from traditional monitoring as a basis for state judgment without adding additional hardware. After ruling out the possibility of physical artifacts, the system further applies specific biphasic microcurrent pulses to the abnormal area. By analyzing the nonlinear characteristics of its voltage response waveform, it detects the electrochemical fingerprint of the liquid, thereby distinguishing between high-ion-concentration leaks and low-ion-concentration sweat at the chemical level. This series of built-in arbitration logics, from event suspicion to physical identification to chemical confirmation, enables the system to cope with daily challenges such as sweating and vigorous activity, ensuring that the final alert signal is based on cross-verification of multi-dimensional information.

[0022] 3. By introducing an auxiliary sensing circuit with a different principle, such as a capacitive proximity sensor, the system first confirms whether the sensor network and the skin are in a stable physical contact state before performing the core leakage monitoring. This pre-emptive mechanism avoids invalid data collection and subsequent misjudgments caused by poor contact, ensuring that every monitoring operation is performed on a reliable data basis. At the same time, the reset button provides users with the ability to calibrate instantly. Whether it is the first time wearing it or after daily adjustments, users can make the system relearn and establish a health benchmark that perfectly matches the current fit with one click. This synergistic effect of pre-emptive contact quality judgment and real-time dynamic calibration by users enables the system to actively adapt to the differences in body contours of different users and the dynamic changes in daily wear, transforming a standardized product into a highly personalized care device, realizing reliable and imperceptible long-term monitoring in daily life. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Fig. 1 This is a functional structural block diagram of the invisible stoma vibration underwear reminder and monitoring system of the present invention;

[0024] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram comparing the rate of change of partial pressure ratio under leakage events and sweat interference in this invention;

[0025] Fig. 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow of the invisible stoma vibration underwear reminder and monitoring system of the present invention.

[0026] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] This invention provides a monitoring system for vibration-reminder underwear for invisible stomas. The system includes a distributed resistance network disposed in the underwear, a microcontroller electrically connected to the network, and a reminder device connected to the microcontroller. The microcontroller performs a calibration operation to establish a reference voltage division ratio among nodes in the distributed resistance network, and compares the current voltage division ratio with the reference during continuous monitoring. When the difference between the two exceeds a preset abrupt change judgment threshold, the reminder device is activated.

[0029] In a specific implementation scenario, the system aims to address the technical challenge of distinguishing between interference signals generated by daily activities or physiological changes, such as changes in body posture or sweating, and early trace leakage signals. To this end, the system's approach is not to track unstable physiological parameters, but rather to monitor the electrical integrity of a physical system. This system relies on the aforementioned distributed resistance network, formed by printing a carbon-based conductive ink onto the inner fabric of the underwear used to house the ostomy bag. The ink contains ionizable salts encapsulated in a resin adhesive. When aqueous electrolytes, such as ostomy bag leakage fluid, come into contact with a localized area of ​​the network, the salts in that area dissolve and ionize, causing a decrease in the localized resistance. The microcontroller then periodically measures the current voltage division ratio between at least two nodes within the network and compares it to a stored baseline voltage division ratio. Because this relative voltage division ratio can suppress the effects of global resistance changes caused by ambient temperature or clothing stretching, while remaining sensitive to the localized resistance abrupt changes characteristic of leakage, this mechanism effectively distinguishes leakage signals from global interference at the physical level.

[0030] To quantify the electrical characteristics caused by leakage, the microcontroller is configured to use the reference voltage ratio measured during calibration and the current voltage ratio measured during monitoring as reference state vectors, respectively. and the current state vector And determine whether the difference between the two exceeds the mutation threshold based on the following mutation determination criteria: ,in, The th in the current state vector The value of each component. The first state in the baseline state vector The value of each component, and This is the numerical value for the mutation determination threshold; The value can be determined through a calibration procedure. For example, in factory calibration, a standard amount of simulated leakage fluid, such as a salt solution of a specific volume and concentration, is applied to the resistive network sample. The maximum change in ratio is recorded, and a specific percentage (e.g., 75%) of that maximum value is taken as the value. The value; this procedure aims to provide a definite and reproducible quantitative basis for determining leakage events, thereby converting physical events into definite digital trigger signals.

[0031] Considering that differences in body shape or wearing habits among different users may lead to different initial states of the resistive network, the system also includes a reset button to perform calibration operations in response to user triggering. To ensure the reliability of this interaction, the system deploys an interaction verification procedure. The preferred interaction path is for the user to trigger calibration by pressing and holding the reset button, for example, for 3 seconds after properly wearing the device. After confirming a valid trigger signal, the microcontroller remeasures and stores the reference voltage ratio, forming a reference corresponding to the current wearing state, and can drive the reminder device to generate a short vibration to provide feedback. One foreseeable obstacle of this interaction path is that the user may forget to operate. To address this, a backup path can be set up: if the system detects a continuous unstable contact state after startup, it will automatically perform a reference calibration once the contact state is first detected to stabilize. This mechanism enables the system to adapt to dynamic changes during the wearing process, ensuring the individualized effectiveness of the monitoring reference.

[0032] Upon detecting an initial electrical signal mutation, i.e., meeting the aforementioned mutation judgment conditions, the system can further initiate a built-in verification process to distinguish between genuine leakage events and common physical or physiological artifacts. The first verification is physical contact state identification. The microcontroller can be configured to perform frequency domain analysis on the acquired signal to obtain a harmonic energy ratio. If this ratio is higher than a contact state judgment threshold, the event may be attributed to poor physical contact, and the alert is suppressed. If the first verification is passed, the second chemical characteristic identification can be initiated. The microcontroller applies a predetermined waveform of biphasic microcurrent pulse to the network area where the anomaly is determined and acquires the voltage response waveform of that area. By analyzing whether the characteristics of the voltage response waveform conform to the nonlinear response characteristics characterizing high-ion-concentration liquids, the system can distinguish between leakage liquids and low-ion-concentration liquids such as sweat. Only when the characteristics of the voltage response waveform conform to the preset electrochemical fingerprint of the leakage liquid will the alert device be finally activated. This built-in arbitration logic aims to improve the reliability of the final alert signal.

[0033] To ensure the validity of the monitoring data from the source, this system may also include an auxiliary sensing circuit. In one specific implementation, the auxiliary sensing circuit is a capacitive proximity sensing circuit. The microcontroller is further configured to acquire a contact state signal, such as a capacitance value, characterizing the physical contact state between the distributed resistive network and the user's skin via this auxiliary circuit before performing the core voltage divider ratio monitoring. The periodic current voltage divider ratio measurement and comparison operation is only performed when the contact state signal indicates that the physical contact is in a stable state, for example, when the capacitance value is within a stable numerical range. The establishment of the stable numerical range can be related to user-triggered re-… The calibration operation is performed simultaneously, thus ensuring the effectiveness of the data acquisition prerequisites for the core monitoring operation. In one specific implementation, the alerting device is a miniature flat vibration motor, and the system is powered by a single disposable button battery. The microcontroller has a standby power consumption mode with microamperes. This power supply method, combined with the power management strategy, aims to extend the single power supply cycle of the system. In addition, the distributed resistor network can be designed with a spider web-like topology, which radiates outward from a central area. The location distribution of its wiring path covers the leakage development area extending outward from the edge of the ostomy bag, in order to improve the probability of early leakage detection.

[0034] Before the system of this invention is put into operation, its key internal judgment thresholds are determined through a standardized offline calibration procedure. This procedure first establishes a quantitative model of physical artifacts. A fabric sample integrating a standard-shaped distributed resistive network is fixed on a test bench. A linear actuator applies periodic stretching to the sample with a frequency range of 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz and an amplitude range of 1 mm to 5 mm. During this process, the microcontroller acquires the node voltage fluctuation signals caused by the stretching and calculates their harmonic energy ratios, i.e., the signal between 5 Hz and 15 Hz... The ratio of integrated energy in the Hertz band to integrated energy in the 0 Hz to 1 Hz band was statistically analyzed using the harmonic energy ratios obtained from 100 independent tests. The mean of this distribution was subtracted from three standard deviations, and the resulting value was set as the contact state judgment threshold. Secondly, a quantitative model for leakage events was established. In this model, 0.05 ml of standardized artificial urine was added to key nodes of the network while the fabric sample was in a static state. The maximum change in partial pressure ratio within 10 seconds was recorded. This process was repeated 100 times to obtain the minimum effective leakage signal. This refers to the minimum value of the statistical distribution, while also recording the upper limit of the system's inherent electrical noise. That is, the mean of the distribution of partial pressure ratio changes when no excitation is applied, plus three times the standard deviation. Finally, the mutation detection threshold is calculated. The following formula can be used to calculate: ,in, This is a safety factor with a value between 0.3 and 0.5, which ensures that the threshold falls deterministically between the upper limit of noise and the minimum effective signal.

[0035] The core of the liquid chemical fingerprint identification logic lies in the standardized quantization of voltage response nonlinearity. When the system needs to perform chemical identification, the microcontroller applies a standardized biphase microcurrent pulse sequence consisting of 5 cycles to the target network region. Each cycle consists of a +100 microamp pulse lasting 200 microseconds, a 500 microsecond interval, a -100 microamp pulse lasting 200 microseconds, and a 1 millisecond interval. During this period, the analog-to-digital converter synchronously acquires the voltage response waveform at a frequency of 20 kHz. Subsequently, the system calculates a normalized dimensionless index, namely the nonlinearity index NLI, which is defined as the ratio of the measured energy of the voltage response waveform to the energy of the ideal linear model: ,in, This is the ideal linear response constructed based on the estimated resistance before excitation. This represents the average of the measured responses; the NLI metric's decision threshold was obtained through offline calibration. The calibration process involves collecting NLI values ​​from a large number of standardized artificial sweat and urine samples. These two sets of NLI values ​​constitute two non-overlapping numerical distribution intervals. Finally, the midpoint between these two numerical distribution intervals is set as the threshold for determining the nonlinearity of the voltage response. .

[0036] Example 1: In a scenario where a user needs to maintain a seated posture for an extended period while participating in important social activities, such as a business meeting in a hot summer environment, the user's body may sweat due to tension or ambient temperature. Simultaneously, adjustments to their posture can cause deformation of their clothing. These two situations pose a challenge to the wearable monitoring device: how to suppress spurious signals caused by sweat and deformation while maintaining the ability to detect potentially concurrent or initial traces of ostomy bag leakage. In this condition, the system, upon initial wear by the user, responds to the reset button operation and establishes a baseline state vector corresponding to the immediate wearing state. And the stable value range of contact capacitance; during the meeting, the user's sweating caused the overall resistance value of the distributed resistor network to decrease slowly, but because this change was global, the voltage division ratio between the network nodes did not exceed the threshold for sudden change judgment. The changes in the contact capacitance value are monitored. Meanwhile, the auxiliary sensing circuit continuously confirms that the contact capacitance value is within a stable range. The coordinated operation of these two components ensures that the core voltage divider ratio monitoring mechanism is limited to activation only when physical contact is effective, thereby avoiding interference from artifact data on subsequent judgments at the source.

[0037] During the meeting, a minor leakage event occurred. A single drop of high-ion-concentration excrement came into contact with a localized region of the spiderweb-like topology. The resistance of this region momentarily decreased, causing a sudden change in the current partial pressure ratio of the node where it was located, satisfying the... Under the given conditions, the system did not directly trigger an alert. Instead, it activated its built-in arbitration logic, applying a predetermined biphasic microcurrent pulse to the abnormal area and acquiring the voltage response waveform. By analyzing the nonlinear characteristics of this response waveform, which differed from the linear response of sweat, the system chemically confirmed that the contact liquid was a high-ion-concentration liquid. Based on this, the system was able to capture the suspected event with high sensitivity and then confirm the nature of the event through high-specificity analysis, thereby effectively detecting trace leaks and simultaneously suppressing misjudgments caused by factors such as sweat. The system's operation did not establish a complex physiological model to distinguish between sweat and movement. Instead of focusing on interference, the monitoring focus shifts from tracking uncertain physiological parameters to protecting the electrical integrity of a stable physical system from localized disruption. A progressive verification process is then used to determine the physical and chemical properties of the source of disruption. Within this framework, the original challenge of identifying weak signals amidst multidimensional interference is transformed into a process that first physically separates local mutations from global gradual changes, and then chemically separates high-ion-concentration liquids from low-ion-concentration liquids with clear boundaries. Finally, the alert device is activated, emitting a silent vibration alert signal to the user, allowing the user to address the event before it worsens.

[0038] Example 2: This example constructs an experiment to quantitatively verify the system's ability to identify and distinguish real leakage events and common physical and physiological disturbances. The experimental platform is built on a base simulating the human torso, which is covered with a silicone layer with a dielectric constant similar to human skin. Underwear integrated with a distributed resistance network is fixed on it in a standard wearing manner. The platform also integrates a liquid application system consisting of a micro-injection pump and a programmable robotic arm to control the liquid dripping position, volume, and rate. At the same time, a separate low-frequency linear actuator applies periodic stretching to the fabric to simulate changes in physical contact state caused by human activity. The system's microcontroller is connected to an external data acquisition device to record parameters such as voltage division ratio, harmonic energy ratio, and voltage response waveform in real time.

[0039] In the experiment, the period for the microcontroller to periodically measure the distributed resistor network was set to 200 milliseconds. This parameter was set to balance the immediate response capability to events with the overall power consumption of the system. On the one hand, the 200-millisecond period is much shorter than the characteristic time for simulating the wetting and diffusion of leakage liquid on the fabric, which is sufficient to capture the initial state of the event. On the other hand, this period also ensures that the microcontroller maintains low power consumption when inactive. The abrupt change judgment threshold in the experiment... The value was set to 0.15; the test procedure first performed a calibration operation on the system in a dry and static state to establish a reference state vector. The system was then simulated under different conditions sequentially, each lasting 5 minutes. The conditions included: Phase A, static control; Phase B, periodic stretching at a frequency of 0.5 Hz only; Phase C, addition of 0.2 ml of low-ion-concentration artificial sweat; Phase D, addition of 0.05 ml of high-ion-concentration artificial urine; Phase E, simultaneous application of periodic stretching and addition of low-ion-concentration sweat; and Phase F, addition of 0.05 ml of high-ion-concentration urine in the context of Phase E. The system's response to each parameter and the final judgment results were recorded during the experiment, as shown in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1: Response and decision results of key system parameters at different experimental stages.

[0041]

[0042] The data in Table 1 show that, in stages B and E, although periodic stretching causes changes in the partial pressure ratio exceeding the threshold... However, the high harmonic energy ratio calculated by the system triggered the judgment of physical contact failure artifacts, and the subsequent chemical screening process was suppressed, without generating an alert. In stage C, after the partial pressure ratio change caused by low ion concentration sweat exceeded the threshold, the system initiated chemical screening, but the measured voltage response nonlinearity value (0.08) was lower than the preset chemical fingerprint threshold, and the alert was also suppressed. Only in stages D and F, when physical contact returned to stability, did the system determine that the three conditions of sudden change in partial pressure ratio, low harmonic energy ratio, and high voltage response nonlinearity were met simultaneously, and finally drove the alert device. Therefore, the experimental data shows that by sequentially applying physical artifact discrimination based on frequency domain analysis and liquid composition discrimination based on electrochemical response, the nature of the event can be effectively distinguished after electrical changes are detected with high flexibility.

[0043] Example 3: This example combines Figs. 1 to 3 The implementation of the invisible stoma vibration underwear alert and monitoring system is explained, such as... Fig. 1As shown, the sensing and interaction layer includes a distributed resistance network that converts physical leakage into electrical signals, and a user interaction unit (reset button) for users to trigger instant calibration to establish a new benchmark. The core processing and decision-making layer is the central hub of the system. The microcontroller, as the core processing and decision-making unit, receives electrical signals from the distributed resistance network and works in conjunction with an auxiliary sensing circuit, such as a capacitive proximity sensor. This auxiliary circuit first determines whether the physical contact between the sensing network and the skin is stable. Only when the contact is stable does the microcontroller perform subsequent operations, namely comparing the current voltage division ratio with an established benchmark voltage division ratio. If the difference exceeds the mutation judgment threshold, the built-in arbitration logic is activated to perform physical and chemical dual cross-validation to eliminate artifacts. Finally, at the output layer, a valid leakage signal will drive an alert device, such as a miniature flat vibration motor, to emit a silent alert, while a failed verification signal will not trigger an alert.

[0044] like Fig. 2 As shown, the horizontal axis represents time (minutes), the vertical axis represents the rate of change of partial pressure ratio (%), and a dashed line indicates the preset threshold for detecting sudden changes in leakage. The example value is 15%; where the sweat interference is shown by the dashed line and the actual measured value is shown by the solid line; in the normal state and the subsequent sweat interference stage, although the rate of change of partial pressure ratio increases slowly, it always remains at the threshold. Below; however, when a real leakage event occurs, the rate of change of partial pressure ratio will jump sharply and significantly, quickly exceeding the threshold in a short period of time, thus providing the system with a high signal-to-noise ratio and a clearly identifiable trigger signal.

[0045] like Fig. 3 As shown, after system startup, initialization is performed first, and a pre-contact status judgment is executed through auxiliary sensing circuit to confirm whether the physical contact is stable. If unstable, it waits; if stable, it enters periodic monitoring, cyclically measuring the current partial pressure ratio. Once the detected partial pressure ratio difference exceeds the threshold, the system activates the built-in arbitration logic. This logic first performs physical artifact identification, such as determining whether the event is a physical artifact like poor contact through frequency domain analysis. If so, the system suppresses the alert and returns to the pre-contact status judgment stage to reassess the effectiveness of the contact. If it is not a physical artifact, liquid chemical fingerprint identification is further performed, such as detecting the electrochemical characteristics of the contact liquid by applying a biphase microcurrent. If it is determined to be an artifact like sweat, no alert is triggered and the periodic monitoring cycle is returned. If leakage is finally confirmed, the alert device is driven to emit a silent vibration alert. In addition, the flowchart also shows the user input path. Users can actively perform calibration operations to establish a new reference partial pressure ratio by long-pressing the reset button. The system responds with a short vibration feedback to ensure the immediate effectiveness of the monitoring reference.

[0046] Example 4: This example provides a calibration procedure for determining the judgment threshold of key algorithms within a system to ensure the consistency of decision-making logic across different device entities in large-scale production. This procedure is executed on a standardized offline testing platform, which includes a fabric sample integrating a standard-form distributed resistive network. This network is formed by screen printing with carbon-based conductive ink, and its ink layer thickness and curing temperature are controlled to ensure the consistency of the network's electrical characteristics. The primary objective of the procedure is to determine the contact state judgment threshold used to distinguish poor physical contact. The steps are as follows: the fabric sample is fixed to the testing platform, and a linear actuator is used to apply pressure to the sample. Periodic stretching with a frequency of 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz and an amplitude of 1 mm to 5 mm is applied to simulate fabric deformation caused by human activity. During this process, the microcontroller acquires the node voltage fluctuation signal caused by stretching and performs a fast Fourier transform on a 1-second signal slice to calculate the ratio of the integrated energy of the signal in the 5 Hz to 15 Hz frequency band to the integrated energy in the 0 Hz to 1 Hz frequency band, which is the harmonic energy ratio. This process is repeated one hundred times to obtain a statistical distribution of the harmonic energy ratio. Finally, the mean of the data set plus three times the standard deviation is set as the threshold for judging the contact state.

[0047] The second objective of the procedure is to determine the voltage response nonlinearity threshold used to distinguish between liquids with high and low ion concentrations. This step utilizes the same test platform with the actuator in a stationary state. 0.05 ml of low-ion-concentration artificial sweat is added to a node in the network via a micro-injection pump. After the partial pressure ratio stabilizes, the microcontroller applies a biphasic microcurrent pulse to the node and records its voltage response waveform. Subsequently, the acquired response waveform data is fitted to an ideal linear model using the least squares method, and the sum of squares of the fitting residuals is calculated. This sum of squares is used as an index to quantify the voltage response nonlinearity. This process is repeated fifty times to obtain a set of nonlinearity index values ​​representing low-ion-concentration liquids. After cleaning and drying the sample, the same procedure is repeated fifty times using high-ion-concentration artificial urine to obtain a second set of nonlinearity index values ​​representing high-ion-concentration liquids. The two sets of nonlinearity index values ​​constitute two non-overlapping distribution intervals. The procedure ultimately sets the midpoint between these two numerical distribution intervals as the threshold for determining voltage response nonlinearity.

[0048] Example 5: In this example, a material electrical property qualification procedure is used to ensure the consistency of the system across different production batches. Before a new batch of carbon-based conductive ink is put into production, the procedure involves screen printing several standardized test patterns of the ink in that batch onto a standard fabric substrate using the same process as mass production, and measuring the initial thin-film resistance under constant temperature and humidity conditions. Then, a standard volume and standard ion concentration of salt solution are added to the center of the test pattern using a micro-injection pump, and the rate of change of the thin-film resistance and the time required to reach stability are continuously recorded. Only when the measured values ​​of the initial thin-film resistance, the maximum rate of change of resistance, and the response time all fall within the quality control tolerance range established by the benchmark batch, is the batch of carbon-based conductive ink deemed qualified and permitted for use in the manufacture of subsequent products.

[0049] The spiderweb-like topology of the distributed resistive network (DNR) is generated by a computational model. This model first takes a 3D digital model of a specific underwear style as input and delineates potential leakage development areas on the model based on ergonomic data and fluid diffusion theory. A topology optimization algorithm then iteratively generates and adjusts the positions of network nodes and the trends of connections within these areas, with the objective function of maximizing monitoring coverage, until the average path length of any simulated leakage point detected by the network reaches a preset target value. The resulting optimized topology pattern is used as a digital template for the screen printing process on the production line, thus forming a distributed resistive network with a deterministic path distribution for each product.

[0050] Example 6: During the initialization phase after a system is first powered on or the battery is replaced, the microcontroller performs a power-on self-test and operating parameter adaptation; this process first measures the real-time voltage of the power supply battery. The microcontroller uses an internally stable voltage reference to obtain the voltage reading via an analog-to-digital converter. The values ​​were used to adjust subsequent circuit operations; afterwards, the system based on the measured values... It searches for and loads a set of corresponding operating parameters from a parameter matrix stored in non-volatile memory. This parameter matrix is ​​established before leaving the factory and contains the voltage amplitude and pulse width used to drive the two-phase micro-current pulses. The correspondence is designed to keep the total charge injected by the pulse constant throughout the battery's lifespan. Based on The functional relationship needs to be adjusted. Inject a constant charge into the target. These are coefficients related to circuit characteristics; the parameter matrix also includes correction coefficients for the analog-to-digital converter sampling results to compensate for factors such as... The decrease causes a systematic deviation in the partial pressure ratio measurement.

[0051] When a user triggers a new reference voltage divider ratio calibration via the reset button, the system stores the new reference state vector. Previously, an validity check was performed. This check compared the values ​​of each component in the newly measured reference state vector with a preset effective resistance range, which is defined by the physical material properties and topology of the distributed resistor network and excludes values ​​representing open or short circuit states. If the value of any component exceeds this range, the calibration is deemed invalid, the system will retain the old reference state vector, and generate a specific feedback signal through an alert device to prompt the user to check the fit of the device and recalibrate.

[0052] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ostomy vibration undergarment alert monitoring system, characterized in that, The system comprises: a distributed resistance network arranged inside an undergarment for accommodating an ostomy pouch; a microcontroller electrically connected to the distributed resistance network; a reminder device connected to the microcontroller, wherein the microcontroller is configured to: measure and store a reference voltage division ratio between at least two nodes of the distributed resistance network during a calibration operation; periodically measure a current voltage division ratio between the at least two nodes during a monitoring operation; and compare the current voltage division ratio with the reference voltage division ratio, and drive the reminder device to generate a reminder signal when a difference between the two exceeds a mutation determination threshold; the system further comprises an auxiliary sensing circuit; the microcontroller is further configured to: receive a contact state signal output by the auxiliary sensing circuit, the contact state signal representing a state of physical contact between the distributed resistance network and a user's skin; and only when the contact state signal indicates that the physical contact is in a stable state, perform the periodic measurement of the current voltage division ratio, and compare the ratio with the reference voltage division ratio to determine whether to drive the reminder device; the microcontroller is further configured to: after determining that the difference exceeds the mutation determination threshold, apply a bi-phasic micro-current pulse of a predetermined waveform to a network region corresponding to the difference, and collect a voltage response waveform of the region; and only when a feature of the voltage response waveform matches a nonlinear response feature representing a high-ionic-concentration liquid, finally drive the reminder device.

2. The occult stoma vibrating undergarment reminder monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed resistance network is formed by printing a carbon-based conductive ink on a fabric of the undergarment; the carbon-based conductive ink contains ionizable salts wrapped by a resin binder, which allows local regions of the distributed resistance network to have their resistance values reduced when contacted by an aqueous electrolyte, as the ionizable salts dissolve and ionize.

3. The occult stoma vibrating brief alert monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The microcontroller is specifically configured to: take the reference division ratio and the current division ratio as a reference state vector and a current state vector respectively; and determine whether the difference exceeds a mutation determination threshold according to the following mutation determination condition: wherein R current,i is a value of the i th component in the current state vector, R base,i is a value of the i th component in the reference state vector, and T leakage is a value of the mutation determination threshold.

4. The occult stoma vibrating brief alert monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The system further comprises a reset button; the calibration operation is performed in response to the reset button being triggered.

5. The occult stoma vibrating brief alert monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The reminder device is a micro flat vibration motor; the system is powered by a single disposable coin cell battery, which cooperates with a micro-amp standby power consumption mode of the microcontroller.

6. The occult stoma vibrating brief alert monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The auxiliary sensing circuit is a capacitive proximity sensing circuit; the contact state signal is a capacitance value; the stable state is a state in which the capacitance value is within a stable value range.

7. The occult stoma vibrating brief alert monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The microcontroller is further configured to: perform frequency domain analysis on the signals collected from the distributed resistance network to obtain a harmonic energy ratio; and only when the difference exceeds the mutation determination threshold, and the harmonic energy ratio is lower than a contact state determination threshold, finally drive the reminder device.

8. The occult stoma vibrating brief alert monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The distributed resistance network has a spiderweb-like topology that radiates from a central region to the periphery, and the position distribution of its wiring paths covers a leakage development area extending outward from a pasting edge of the ostomy pouch.

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