Aeroponic composite nutrient solution as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an aeroponic composite nutrient solution as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Each liter of the nutrient solution comprises the following components: 200 to 220 mg of calcium nitrate, 120 to 150 mg of potassium nitrate, 900 to 950 mg of monopotassium phosphate, 400 to 500 mg of magnesium sulfate, 350 to 400 mg of ammonium sulfate, 2 to 4 mg of boric acid, 2 to 3 mg of chelated manganese, 0.1 to 0.5 mg of chelated zinc, 0.02 to 0.06 mg of chelated copper, 20 to 30 mg of chelated iron and 0.01 to 0.02 mg of ammonium molybdate. The compound nutrient solution disclosed by the invention is matched with EC values in different growth periods according to the growth characteristics of pasture, not only provides macroelements required by the growth of Rumex, Cichorium intybus and triticale seedlings, but also ensures the balanced supply of microelements through chelated microelements, so that the quality of the pasture is improved. According to the three-dimensional planting method, the nutritional requirements of the Rumex, the Cichorium intybus and the small ryegrass in different growth stages are met, the three-dimensional planting of the Cichorium intybus, the Rumex and the small ryegrass in the same environment is met, the occurrence rate of diseases and insect pests is low, and the growth speed and yield of the three kinds of forage grass are obviously increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to an aerosol cultivation composite nutrient solution, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The rise of smart agriculture has provided a new model for the industrialization of forage cultivation for cattle and sheep. By integrating modern science and technology with agricultural planting, it enables unmanned, automated, and intelligent management. Aerosol cultivation (abbreviated as aeroponics) is a new soilless cultivation method that provides the water and nutrients necessary for plant growth, effectively utilizing the three-dimensional space of plant factories. It is a soilless cultivation model with the greatest development prospects and is in line with the future development direction of smart agricultural production.

[0003] At present, there are many cultivated varieties of forage in the three-dimensional space of indoor plant factories, and compounding can obtain nutritionally balanced feed. However, due to the limitations of the current three-dimensional cultivation equipment in indoor plant factories, the existing nutrient solution formula is difficult to achieve how to cultivate multiple varieties of forage in three-dimensional multi-layer aeroponic cultivation to realize the self-supply scenario of multiple varieties of plants on demand. For example, Rumex, General Chicory, and Lolium are three different genera of forage. Rumex is a high-protein forage, General Chicory is high-yielding, and Lolium are rich in various minerals and trace elements. At present, there are no reports on the three-dimensional multi-layer aeroponic cultivation of General Chicory, Rumex and Lolium in indoor plant factories.

[0004] The preparation of cultivation nutrient solution is the key to obtaining high-yield and high-quality forage grass. In order to adapt to the aeroponics of different genera, it is necessary to provide a compound nutrient solution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an aeroponic cultivation composite nutrient solution and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, one of the technical solutions adopted by the present invention is to provide a composite nutrient solution. The components in each liter of the nutrient solution include: 200-220 mg of calcium nitrate, 120-150 mg of potassium nitrate, 900-950 mg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 400-500 mg of magnesium sulfate, 350-400 mg of ammonium sulfate, 2-4 mg of boric acid, 2-3 mg of chelated manganese, 0.1-0.5 mg of chelated zinc, 0.02-0.06 mg of chelated copper, 20-30 mg of chelated iron, and 0.01-0.02 mg of ammonium molybdate.

[0007] The above-mentioned component formula contains the elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements boron, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, copper and iron, which meet the nutritional needs of forage growth. Trace elements such as manganese, zinc, copper and iron exist in chelated form and are easier to be absorbed by plant roots. Chelated trace elements are not easy to react with other ions in the nutrient solution, thus avoiding precipitation and adsorption losses and maintaining the stability and effectiveness of the nutrient solution. The interaction between chelated trace elements is weak, which reduces the antagonism between elements and avoids plant nutrient deficiencies caused by element imbalance.

[0008] A second aspect of the present invention further provides a method for preparing a composite nutrient solution, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Add distilled water or purified water into a container, then add calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and ammonium sulfate, mix and stir until completely dissolved to form a mixed solution A, and set aside;

[0010] Step 2: Add distilled water or purified water into the container, then add boric acid, chelated manganese, chelated zinc, chelated copper, ammonium molybdate, and chelated iron in sequence, mix and stir until completely dissolved to form a mixed solution B, and set aside;

[0011] Step 3, mix the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B evenly, add water to make up to one liter, and adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.5 with dilute acid or dilute alkali.

[0012] In the above method, the pH value of the nutrient solution is controlled to be weakly acidic, such as by adding 0.1M HCl / NaOH to adjust it to about 6.5, which is beneficial to the absorption of nutrients by the three forage grasses and is beneficial to the health of the root system.

[0013] A third aspect of the present invention provides a method for three-dimensional aeroponic cultivation of Rumex, Chicory, and Triticale, wherein Rumex, Chicory, and Triticale are planted in the same cultivation system, with Triticale and Rumex planted in a laterally spaced arrangement and Triticale planted in a separate area, and a common nutrient solution irrigation system is used, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Transplant Rumex and General Chicory seedlings into an aeroponic cultivation box at a planting density of 80-160 plants / square meter. Suspend the Rumex and General Chicory plants from the cover of the box, allowing the roots of the Rumex and General Chicory seedlings to hang in the air. A spraying device is installed in the box to spray the nutrient solution with aerosol. After the seedlings are planted, the nutrient solution is prepared and sprayed according to the nutrient solution requirements of Rumex and General Chicory at different growth stages. The nutrient solution supply is as follows:

[0015] EC value at the initial growth stage is 1.2-1.5mS·cm -1 ,

[0016] EC value in the middle growth period is 1.6-2.2 mS·cm -1 ,

[0017] EC value in the late growth stage is 2.2-2.5mS·cm -1 ;

[0018] Ryegrass seeds are sown at a density of 3-3.5 kg / m 2 , Aerosol spraying nutrient solution, EC value 1.0-1.5mS·cm -1 .

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the composite nutrient solution of the present invention is matched with EC values ​​at different growth stages according to the growth characteristics of forage grasses, not only providing a large number of elements required for the growth of Rumex, chicory and triticale seedlings, but also ensuring a balanced supply of trace elements through chelated trace elements, thereby meeting the nutritional needs of Rumex, chicory and triticale seedlings at different growth stages, meeting the three-dimensional planting of triticale, Rumex and triticale in the same environment, developing physiological synergy between different species and an optimized planting system structure, reducing the incidence of diseases and insect pests, significantly improving the growth rate and yield of the three forage grasses, and reducing the input cost. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the following will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the technical solutions of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available or can be prepared by known methods.

[0022] Example 1 Preparation of composite nutrient solution

[0023] The components prepared in each liter of nutrient solution include: 200 mg of calcium nitrate, 140 mg of potassium nitrate, 940 mg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 400 mg of magnesium sulfate, 380 mg of ammonium sulfate, 3 mg of boric acid, 2 mg of chelated manganese, 0.2 mg of chelated zinc, 0.05 mg of chelated copper, 20 mg of chelated iron, 0.02 mg of ammonium molybdate, and the balance is water.

[0024] The preparation process is as follows: Step 1, add distilled water or purified water into a container, then add calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and ammonium sulfate, mix and stir until completely dissolved to form a mixed solution A, and set aside;

[0025] Step 2: Add distilled water or purified water into the container, then add boric acid, chelated manganese, chelated zinc, chelated copper, ammonium molybdate, and chelated iron in sequence, mix and stir until completely dissolved to form a mixed solution B, and set aside;

[0026] Step 3, mix the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B evenly, add water to make up to one liter, and adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.5 with dilute acid or dilute alkali.

[0027] Implementation 2

[0028] A method for three-dimensional aeroponic cultivation of Rumex (variety named Rumex K-1 hybrid sorrel), General Chicory (selected from one or more varieties named General Chicory No. 1, General Chicory No. 2, and General Chicory No. 3), and Triticale (variety named Zhongshi 1048 Triticale), comprising the following steps:

[0029] Rumex and Chicory seedlings were transplanted into an aeroponic cultivation planting box, forming a horizontally spaced planting pattern with a planting density of 80-160 plants / square meter. Rumex and Chicory plants were suspended from the planting box cover, and the roots of the Rumex and Chicory seedlings were suspended in the air. A spraying device was set in the planting box to spray the nutrient solution with aerosol. After the seedlings were planted, the nutrient solution of Example 1 was prepared and sprayed according to the nutrient solution requirements of Rumex and Chicory at different growth stages. The nutrient solution of Example 1 was supplied as follows:

[0030] EC value at the initial growth stage is 1.2-1.5mS·cm -1 ,

[0031] EC value in the middle growth period is 1.6-2.2 mS·cm -1 ,

[0032] EC value in the late growth stage is 2.2-2.5mS·cm -1 ;

[0033] In the same aeroponic system, ryegrass seeds were sown at a planting density of 3-3.5 kg / m 2 , aerosol spraying to replenish water, EC value 1.0-1.5mS·cm -1 .

[0034] The chelate compound in the embodiment of the present invention is a complex formed by EDTA and metal.

[0035] Comparative Example 1 The preparation of the composite nutrient solution is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that the components per liter of nutrient solution include: 200 mg of calcium nitrate, 140 mg of potassium nitrate, 940 mg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 400 mg of magnesium sulfate, 380 mg of ammonium sulfate, 3 mg of boric acid, 2 mg of MnSO4, 0.2 mg of ZnSO4, 0.05 mg of CuSO4, 20 mg of FeSO4·7H2O, 0.02 mg of ammonium molybdate, and the balance is water.

[0036] Comparative Example 2 carried out the same three-dimensional aeroponic cultivation of Rumex, Chicory and Lolium, which was substantially the same as Example 2, except that the nutrient solution of Comparative Example 1 was used for aeroponic spraying.

[0037] Comparative Example 3 carried out the same three-dimensional aeroponic cultivation of Rumex, Chicory and Lolium, which was substantially the same as Example 2, except that commercially available nutrient solution was used for aeroponic spraying.

[0038] The appearance of the forage grasses of Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3 was observed and the nutritional components after harvest were tested:

[0039] Appearance observations include:

[0040] For growth height, use a ruler or tape measure to measure the height of the grass; for leaf color, use a color card or colorimeter to measure color; for root development, use a root scanner to scan and analyze.

[0041] Nutritional testing includes:

[0042] Crude protein is determined by the Kjeldahl method; crude fat is determined by Soxhlet extraction; crude fiber is determined by Van der Waals analysis; ash is determined by high-temperature ignition method; minerals are determined by atomic absorption spectrometry or ICP-OES; vitamins are determined by high-performance liquid chromatography; soluble sugars are determined by anthrone colorimetry.

[0043] The average values ​​of the test results are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

[0044] Table 1

[0045]

[0046] Table 2

[0047]

[0048] Table 3 Nutritional composition test data (unit: dry basis %)

[0049]

[0050] It can be seen from Tables 1, 2 and 3 above that the three types of forage grasses are cultivated in a three-dimensional aeroponic atmosphere using the nutrient solution provided by the present invention. The present invention is beneficial to the absorption of chelated trace elements by the forage grasses, and has higher nutritional content. Vitamin C and soluble sugar are higher than those in the control group. The incidence of pests and diseases in the embodiment group is ≤5%, and that in the control group is ≥15%. The plant height, fresh weight, quality and yield are relatively high, and a self-supply scenario of multiple plant varieties on demand can be realized.

[0051] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite nutrient solution for aeroponic cultivation, characterized in that The components in each liter of nutrient solution include: calcium nitrate 200-220 mg, potassium nitrate 120-150 mg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 900-950 mg, magnesium sulfate 400-500 mg, ammonium sulfate 350-400 mg, boric acid 2-4 mg, chelated manganese 2-3 mg, chelated zinc 0.1-0.5 mg, chelated copper 0.02-0.06 mg, chelated iron 20-30 mg, and ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.02 mg.

2. The composite nutrient solution according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the composite nutrient solution for aeroponic cultivation includes the following steps: Step 1, adding distilled water or purified water into a container, and then adding calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and ammonium sulfate and mixing and stirring until they are completely dissolved to form a mixed solution A for later use; Step 2: Add distilled water or purified water into the container, then add boric acid, chelated manganese, chelated zinc, chelated copper, ammonium molybdate, and chelated iron in sequence, mix and stir until completely dissolved to form a mixed solution B, and set aside; Step 3, mix the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B evenly, add water to make up to one liter, and adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.5 with dilute acid or dilute alkali.

3. The composite nutrient solution according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The weight of each component added to each liter of the nutrient solution is: 200 mg of calcium nitrate, 140 mg of potassium nitrate, 940 mg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 400 mg of magnesium sulfate, 380 mg of ammonium sulfate, 3 mg of boric acid, 2 mg of chelated manganese, 0.2 mg of chelated zinc, 0.05 mg of chelated copper, 20 mg of chelated iron, and 0.02 mg of ammonium molybdate.

4. A method for three-dimensional aeroponic cultivation of Rumex, Chicory, and Lolium, using the composite nutrient solution as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that Rumex, General Chicory, and Triticale are planted in the same cultivation system. General Chicory and Rumex are planted in horizontally spaced rows, and Triticale is planted in a separate area. A common nutrient solution irrigation system is included, including the following steps: Rumex and General Chicory seedlings are transplanted to an aeroponic cultivation planting box with a planting density of 80-160 plants / square meter. Rumex and General Chicory plants are hung on the planting box cover. The roots of Rumex and General Chicory seedlings are suspended in the air. A spraying device is set in the planting box to spray the nutrient solution with aerosol; after the seedlings are planted, the nutrient solution is prepared and sprayed according to the nutrient solution requirements of Rumex and General Chicory at different growth stages. The supply of the composite nutrient solution by Rumex and General Chicory is as follows: EC value at the initial growth stage is 1.2-1.5mS·cm -1 , EC value in the middle growth period is 1.6-2.2mS·cm -1 , EC value in the late growth stage is 2.2-2.5mS·cm -1 ; Ryegrass seeds are sown at a density of 3-3.5 kg / m 2 , spray the composite nutrient solution with an EC value of 1.0-1.5mS·cm -1 .

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