Bipolar dripping electric coagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature

Abstract

The bipolar dripping electric coagulation forceps comprise an electrode holder and two electric coagulation forceps rods capable of forming a forceps structure, and the tail ends of the two electric coagulation forceps rods are symmetrical to each other and fixedly connected to the electrode holder. Each electric coagulation forceps rod comprises a metal core rod and an insulating handle sleeve wrapping the outer surface of the core rod, the front end of the core rod extends out of the insulating handle sleeve and is exposed outside to form an electric coagulation forceps tip, a temperature sensing element is arranged on the electric coagulation forceps tip, an MCU processor and a displayer are arranged on the electrode holder, and the MCU processor is connected with the temperature sensing element and the displayer. The temperature sensing element transmits the temperature of the electric coagulation forceps tips to the MCU processor in an analog signal mode, the current temperature of the electric coagulation forceps tips is calculated through data processing and digital-to-analog conversion, and the temperature is displayed on the displayer through I2C communication. The temperature of the tweezers tip end can be controlled in real time through impedance detection, and the tweezers are applied to fine operations such as neurosurgery, ophthalmology, microsurgery and minimally invasive surgery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical surgical equipment, in particular to a bipolar water-drip electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature. Background Art

[0002] Bipolar electrocoagulation is a high-frequency electrical hemostasis method widely used in surgical procedures. It applies a high-frequency current to biological tissue through the two electrode tips of bipolar forceps, causing ions within the tissue to vibrate and generate heat, thereby denaturing proteins, sealing blood vessels, and coagulating tissue. Compared to monopolar electrocoagulation, bipolar electrocoagulation significantly reduces the risk of thermal damage to surrounding tissue because the current flows only between the forceps tips. Therefore, it has important application value in delicate surgeries such as neurosurgery, ophthalmology, and microsurgery.

[0003] Among existing technologies, the bipolar forceps on the market have low functional integration, and most products lack real-time tissue feedback mechanisms (such as impedance monitoring and temperature sensing). Users are unable to quantitatively evaluate the electrocoagulation effect and rely on subjective judgment, which affects the safety and efficiency of the operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention provides a bipolar water-drip electrocoagulation forceps with temperature measurement and control. It monitors and displays the tip temperature in real time, monitors the tip impedance through impedance detection, and dynamically adjusts the current. This device is suitable for delicate surgeries such as neurosurgery, ophthalmology, microsurgery, and minimally invasive surgery.

[0005] The above-mentioned object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A bipolar dripping electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature, comprising an electrode base and two electrocoagulation forceps rods that can form a forceps structure with each other, the tail ends of the two electrocoagulation forceps rods being symmetrical with each other and fixedly connected to the electrode base, the electrocoagulation forceps rods comprising a metal core rod and an insulating handle sleeve wrapped around the outer surface of the core rod, the front end of the core rod extending from the insulating handle sleeve and exposed to the outside to form the electrocoagulation forceps tip, and also comprising an impedance detection system, the electrocoagulation forceps tip being provided with a temperature sensing element, the electrode base being provided with an MCU processor and a display, the MCU processor being connected to the temperature sensing element and the display, respectively;

[0007] The temperature sensing element transmits the temperature of the electrocoagulation tweezers tip to the MCU processor in the form of an analog signal, calculates the temperature of the electrocoagulation tweezers tip at that time through data processing and digital-to-analog conversion, uses I2C communication to display the temperature on the display, and calculates the impedance value through the data returned by the voltage detection element to control the output current of the tweezers tip in real time.

[0008] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the two electrocoagulation forceps rods are parallel to each other and are designed in an "S" shape.

[0009] As a further technical solution of the present invention: it also includes a PCB board, the PCB board is fixed on the electrode seat by an embedded structure, and the display is arranged on the PCB board and fixed by welding.

[0010] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the PCB board and the display both adopt a rectangular structure, and the display is an OLED display.

[0011] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the MCU processor is provided with a main control circuit, a display circuit, a power supply circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a switch circuit.

[0012] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the main control circuit includes a single chip microcomputer U1, a resistor R4, a resistor R3, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C2, and a crystal oscillator Y1;

[0013] The main control circuit is composed of pin 10 of the microcontroller U1 connected to one end of the resistor R4 and pin 3 of U4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 11 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to one end of the resistor R3 and pin 2 of U4, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 12 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to pin 2 of DQ, pin 16 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to pin 2 of the switch S1, pin 2 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to one end of the crystal oscillator Y1, pin 3 is connected to the other end of the crystal oscillator Y1, one pin of the crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C7, and the other pin is connected to one end of the capacitor C8, the other pins of the capacitor C7 and the capacitor C8 are connected to GND, pin 4 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C2, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected to GND, and pin 15 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to GND.

[0014] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the display circuit includes an OLED display U4, a resistor R7, a resistor R1, and a capacitor C9;

[0015] The display circuit is composed of pin 4 of the OLED display U4 connected to one end of the resistor R7, and at the same time connected to pin 10 of the microcontroller U1, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 3 of the OLED display U4 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and at the same time connected to pin 11 of the microcontroller U1, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 2 of the OLED display U4 is connected to VCC3.3V, and at the same time connected to one end of the capacitor C9, the other end of the capacitor C9 is connected to GND, and pin 1 of the OLED display U4 is connected to GND.

[0016] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the power supply circuit includes a voltage stabilizer U3, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a resistor R6, a capacitor C10, a resistor R5, and a lithium battery holder BT1;

[0017] The power supply circuit is composed of pin 1 of the voltage regulator U3 connected to one end of the capacitor C1, and then connected to VCC5V, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to GND, pin 2 of the voltage regulator U3 is connected to GND, and the three pins are respectively connected to capacitors C3 and one end of capacitor C4, and at the same time connected to resistor R6, the other end of resistor R6 is connected to VCC3.3V, capacitor C3, and the other end of capacitor C4 is connected to GND; one end of the lithium battery holder BT1 is connected to GND, and the other end is connected to capacitor C10, the other end of capacitor C10 is connected to GND, one end of resistor R5 is connected to the output end of the lithium battery holder BT1, and the other end outputs VCC5V.

[0018] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the temperature detection circuit includes a temperature sensor U2 and a resistor R2;

[0019] The temperature detection circuit is connected by pin 1 of sensor U2 to GND, pin 2 to one end of resistor R2, the other end of resistor R2 to VCC3.3V, and pin 12 of microcontroller U1. Pin 3 of sensor U2 is connected to VCC3.3V.

[0020] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the switching circuit includes a switch S1, a resistor R8, and a capacitor C11;

[0021] The switch circuit is connected by the left side of switch S1 to one end of capacitor C11 and GND, and the other side of switch S1 is connected to the other end of capacitor C11 and one end of resistor R8, which is also connected to pin 16 of microcontroller U1. One end of resistor R8 is connected to VCC3.3V.

[0022] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention discloses a bipolar water-drip electrocoagulation tweezers capable of measuring and controlling temperature. The temperature of the electrocoagulation tweezers tip is transmitted to an MCU processor in the form of an analog signal through a temperature-sensing element at the tip of the tweezers. The temperature of the tweezers tip at that time is calculated through data processing and digital-to-analog conversion. The temperature is displayed on an OLED display using I2C communication, and a screen flashing method is used to provide an alarm function for the temperature. If the threshold is exceeded, the screen flashes at a fixed frequency.

[0024] 2. The temperature-displaying bipolar dripping electrocoagulation forceps of this invention are a handheld device powered by a 5V lithium battery. The device's screen display function uses an OLED screen to allow the doctor to observe the temperature of the bipolar electrocoagulation forceps tip during surgery. It also has a flashing screen alarm function, enhancing surgical controllability and operational efficiency, preventing device performance degradation and medical risks, reducing reliance on experience and guesswork, shortening hemostasis time (especially when treating tiny blood vessels or moist tissues), and reducing the frequency of repeated electrocoagulation operations. It is easy to use and more efficient.

[0025] 3. This invention enhances surgical controllability and operational efficiency, preventing equipment performance degradation and medical risks: temperature data is visualized through the OLED screen on the forceps handle, allowing the operator to intuitively judge the temperature of the forceps tip, reducing reliance on experience and guesswork, shortening hemostasis time (especially when dealing with tiny blood vessels or moist tissues), and reducing the frequency of repeated electrocoagulation operations.

[0026] 4. This invention incorporates dual closed-loop impedance-rate control: During bipolar electrocoagulation, tissue gradually heats up under the action of high-frequency current, causing cellular water evaporation, protein denaturation, and dehydration, resulting in a decrease in conductivity and a gradual increase in impedance. By connecting a current sampling resistor, Rsense, in series with the electrocoagulation circuit, the inter-electrode voltage, Velectrode, and the sampling resistor voltage, Vsense, are collected in real time, and the impedance, R(t), is calculated as Velectrode × Rsense / Vsense. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the main control circuit of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 A circuit diagram showing a circuit according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 2 is a circuit diagram of the power supply circuit of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 1 is a circuit diagram of the temperature detection circuit of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a switching circuit of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 The figure is a flowchart of the system working process of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of the communication between the single chip microcomputer and the OLED of the present invention.

[0035] Figure numerals: 1. electrode holder; 2. coagulation forceps rod; 3. coagulation forceps tip; 4. display; 5. PCB board. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "top / bottom," and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate the description of this application and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "provided with," "mounted / connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] Reference Figure 1, a bipolar dripping electrocoagulation tweezers capable of measuring and controlling temperature disclosed in the present invention, comprising an electrode base and two electrocoagulation tweezers rods that can form a tweezers structure with each other, the tail ends of the two electrocoagulation tweezers rods are symmetrical to each other and fixedly connected to the electrode base, the electrocoagulation tweezers rods comprise a core rod made of metal and an insulating handle sleeve wrapped around the outer surface of the core rod, the front end of the core rod extends out of the insulating handle sleeve and is exposed to the outside to form an electrocoagulation tweezers tip. The present invention also includes an impedance detection system, a temperature sensing element is provided on the electrocoagulation tweezers tip, an MCU processor and a display are provided on the electrode base, the MCU processor is connected to the temperature sensing element and the display respectively; the temperature sensing element transmits the temperature of the electrocoagulation tweezers tip to the MCU processor in the form of an analog signal, calculates the temperature of the electrocoagulation tweezers tip at that time through data processing and digital-to-analog conversion, and displays the temperature on the display using I2C communication. The impedance value is calculated using the data returned by the voltage detection element to control the output current of the tweezers tip in real time. In this embodiment, a high-frequency connection line and a dripping tube are also included. The high-frequency connection is used to connect the temperature sensing element and the MCU processor. The dripping tube is set in the tip of the electrocoagulation forceps, and the temperature sensing element is a thermocouple.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 The two electrocoagulation forceps are parallel to each other and have an "S" shape. The main body of the forceps adopts an S-shaped design, which is convenient for doctors to hold. The gripping position is located in the back half of the forceps, which makes it easier for doctors to observe the working position of the forceps tips and improves the portability of the surgery.

[0042] The device also includes a PCB, which is embedded in the electrode holder. A display is soldered to the PCB. Both the PCB and display are rectangular, and the display is an OLED. This allows for easy attachment to the tweezers handle, and the OLED display's location allows the doctor and assistant to easily monitor the temperature of the tweezer tips.

[0043] The MCU processor is equipped with a main control circuit, a display circuit, a power supply circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a switch circuit.

[0044] Reference Figure 2The main control circuit includes a single-chip microcomputer U1, a resistor R4, a resistor R3, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C2, and a crystal oscillator Y1; the main control circuit is composed of pin 10 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 connected to one end of the resistor R4 and pin 3 of U4 at the same time, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 11 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to one end of the resistor R3 and pin 2 of U4 at the same time, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 12 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to pin 2 of DQ, pin 16 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to pin 2 of the switch S1, pin 2 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to one end of the crystal oscillator Y1, pin 3 is connected to the other end of the crystal oscillator Y1, one pin of the crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C7, and the other pin is connected to one end of the capacitor C8, the other pins of the capacitor C7 and the capacitor C8 are connected to GND, pin 4 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C2, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected to GND, and pin 15 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to GND.

[0045] Reference Figure 3 The display circuit includes an OLED display U4, a resistor R7, a resistor R1, and a capacitor C9; the display circuit is composed of pin 4 of the OLED display U4 connected to one end of the resistor R7, and at the same time connected to pin 10 of the microcontroller U1, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 3 of the OLED display U4 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and at the same time connected to pin 11 of the microcontroller U1, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 2 of the OLED display U4 is connected to VCC3.3V, and at the same time connected to one end of the capacitor C9, the other end of the capacitor C9 is connected to GND, and pin 1 of the OLED display U4 is connected to GND.

[0046] Reference Figure 4 The power supply circuit includes a voltage regulator U3, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a resistor R6, a capacitor C10, a resistor R5, and a lithium battery holder BT1; the power supply circuit is connected by pin 1 of the voltage regulator U3 to one end of the capacitor C1, and then to VCC5V, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to GND, and pin 2 of the voltage regulator U3 is connected to GND. The three pins are respectively connected to capacitor C3 and one end of capacitor C4, and are connected to resistor R6 at the same time. The other end of resistor R6 is connected to VCC3.3V, capacitor C3, and the other end of capacitor C4 is connected to GND; one end of the lithium battery holder BT1 is connected to GND, and the other end is connected to capacitor C10. The other end of capacitor C10 is connected to GND, one end of resistor R5 is connected to the output end of the lithium battery holder BT1, and the other end outputs VCC5V.

[0047] Reference Figure 5The temperature detection circuit includes a temperature sensor U2 and a resistor R2; the temperature detection circuit is connected by pin 1 of the sensor U2 to GND, pin 2 to one end of the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 to VCC3.3V, and at the same time connected to pin 12 of the microcontroller U1, and pin 3 of the sensor U2 to VCC3.3V.

[0048] Reference Figure 6 The switching circuit includes switch S1, resistor R8, and capacitor C11; the left side of the switch S1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C11 and to GND at the same time, and the other side of the switch S1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C11 and to one end of the resistor R8, which is also connected to pin 16 of the microcontroller U1, and one end of the resistor R8 is connected to VCC3.3V.

[0049] Reference Figure 7 Temperature data acquisition uses a thermocouple tip to sense temperature and convert the temperature signal into an electrical signal. The electrical signal is amplified and then accurately converted to a digital temperature value using an ADC. Energy parameters such as voltage and current from the electrocoagulation device are simultaneously acquired, providing comprehensive data support for subsequent analysis. Signal processing: The collected temperature data is digitally filtered using sliding average and low-pass filtering techniques to effectively eliminate data noise and ensure smoothness and accuracy. Threshold determination and response: The processed temperature data is compared with a preset maximum temperature threshold, T_max. If the temperature exceeds T_max, an alarm is immediately triggered, causing the temperature parameter on the OLED display to flash, preventing risks associated with excessive temperatures. If the temperature does not exceed T_max, the temperature data is further compared with the minimum temperature threshold, T_min. If the temperature is within the normal range between T_min and T_max, subsequent processes continue. Display update: The current temperature value is displayed in real time on the OLED display. The refresh rate for temperature data is set to 10Hz, and the refresh rate for energy and impedance data is set to 5Hz, ensuring timely access to the latest and most accurate information. Loop Wait: After completing a round of data processing, judgment, and display update operations, the system delays for 10ms to maintain real-time requirements. It then automatically enters the next cycle, continuously monitoring and processing temperature and other data.

[0050] Reference Figure 8First, the MCU is initialized, configuring GPIO pins such as SCL and SDA, setting the I2C clock frequency, and initializing the timer and interrupt. Next, a hardware reset of the OLED is performed by pulling the RES pin low for at least 1 millisecond, then pulling it high, followed by a 100-millisecond delay for the OLED to boot up. Initialization commands are then sent, setting the DC pin low to enter command mode, and initialization commands such as 0xAE (display off) and 0xD5 (set clock divider) are sent. Display parameters are then configured, including contrast and the display start row, and the display is turned on by sending the command 0xAF. Entering the main loop, display data is prepared by reading the data to be displayed from RAM and formatting it by page and column. The data write range is then set, and commands are sent to set the column and page addresses. Data transmission then begins by setting the DC pin high to switch to data mode and continuously sending data via I2C. During the transmission process, the data transmission status is checked. If the data transmission is not complete, the data is waited for completion before continuing to the next step. The display is then updated. If the display was previously turned off, the command 0xAF is sent, followed by a wait for vertical synchronization or a fixed refresh interval.

[0051] The impedance detection temperature control method described in the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0052] Safety protection: including timeout protection (such as automatic shutdown in 8 seconds), impedance stagnation judgment (if there is no obvious change in impedance after 500ms, it will be judged as coagulation and shut down early), and system alarm when the impedance is abnormal. The multi-level strategy significantly improves safety and consistency.

[0053] Multi-stage power control: R < 100Ω outputs 100% power, 100 ≤ R < 150Ω and dR / dt < 50Ω / s outputs 70%, if dR / dt ≥ 50Ω / s outputs 40%, R ≥ 150Ω immediately cuts off energy output.

[0054] Sliding average anti-interference algorithm: uses a 5-point sliding average to smooth the impedance value, and dR / dt also uses a differential sliding window to resist transient spike interference such as blood flow and micro-motion.

[0055] Impedance-rate dual closed-loop control principle: through dual judgment of impedance threshold and impedance change rate, energy output is immediately stopped when the impedance reaches the set threshold Rthres (such as 150Ω); when the impedance change rate dR / dt exceeds 50Ω / s, the power is reduced in advance to avoid carbonization.

[0056] Design Principle: During bipolar electrocoagulation, tissue gradually heats up under the action of high-frequency current, causing cellular water evaporation, protein denaturation, and dehydration. This decreases conductivity, manifesting as a gradual increase in impedance. By connecting a current sampling resistor, Rsense, in series with the electrocoagulation circuit, the inter-electrode voltage, Velectrode, and the sampling resistor voltage, Vsense, are collected in real time, and the impedance, R(t), is calculated as: Velectrode × Rsense / Vsense.

[0057] The present invention also includes an impedance detection system, which includes:

[0058] 1. Safety protection system

[0059] 1.1 Dynamic timeout protection module: To prevent long-term electrocoagulation from causing irreversible damage to deep tissues, dynamic adaptive timeout control is adopted. The timeout threshold is defined as:

[0060] in:

[0061]

[0062] k1∈[0.5,1.5],k2∈[2,4] are the empirical adjustment coefficients, P max is the maximum output power. avg This method allows longer coagulation at low power or high tissue impedance, while strictly limiting the time during high power and low impedance phases to prevent overheating.

[0063] 1.2 Impedance stagnation determination algorithm:

[0064] In order to quickly determine whether the tissue has reached coagulation saturation, the impedance stagnation function is defined:

[0065]

[0066] Where: α = 0.1, β = 5. ΔR is the impedance range within the 500ms time window.

[0067] When Fstagnation>0.95, the system determines that the tissue impedance is stable and triggers a shutdown to avoid excessive coagulation.

[0068] 1.3 Abnormal Rate Detection

[0069] The impedance series is analyzed using Haar wavelet basis function wavelet transform:

[0070] dR / dt=∑W(ψ,(R(t)-R(t-Δt)) / Δt)

[0071] in:

[0072] ψ is the Haar wavelet.

[0073] When the detail coefficient exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates that there is a sudden change in impedance, and the OLED three-frequency flashing alarm (1Hz / 5Hz / 10Hz alternating) is immediately triggered to alert the operator.

[0074] 2. Multi-stage power control strategy

[0075] The output power control function is:

[0076]

[0077] in:

[0078] R1=100Ω, R2=150Ω.

[0079] η1=0.7,η2=0.4 are the power attenuation coefficients.

[0080] γ1=-0.005,γ2=-0.01 are rate feedback gains.

[0081] When dR\dt≥50Ω / s, the system is forced to enter power reduction mode to ensure that the tissue heating rate is controllable and avoid carbonization.

[0082] 3. Enhanced anti-interference algorithm (new filtering method)

[0083] 3.1 Improved sliding average filter

[0084] Use Gaussian weighted moving average:

[0085]

[0086] in:

[0087]

[0088] Compared with mean filtering, it can better suppress abnormal points far away from the center sampling and has better smoothing effect.

[0089] 3.2 Differential Sliding Window Design

[0090] Calculate the impedance rate using the 5-point central difference method:

[0091]

[0092] Where T = 50m, a symmetrical window structure is formed to improve the ability to resist power frequency interference.

[0093] 4. Double closed-loop control system

[0094] 4.1 Impedance Loop PID Transfer Function

[0095] in:

[0096]

[0097] Kp=0.8, Ki=0.05, Kd=0.2, τ=0.1s

[0098] Achieve slow convergence and fine-tuning of the impedance closed loop.

[0099] 4.2 Rate Loop Feedforward Compensation

[0100]

[0101] where K ff =0.3 Use the hyperbolic tangent function to avoid excessive adjustment and ensure smooth system output.

[0102] 5. Impedance measurement system

[0103] 5.1 Dynamic Impedance Calculation Model

[0104] Impedance expression with temperature compensation:

[0105]

[0106] Where α = 0.0039 is the temperature coefficient of the temperature sensing element, and ΔT is the ambient temperature rise, which ensures the resistance measurement accuracy during long-term electrocoagulation.

[0107] 5.2 Synchronous Detection to Suppress Electrical Noise

[0108] Using digital phase-locked synchronous detection:

[0109]

[0110] in:

[0111] fc=300kHz is the high frequency carrier.

[0112] N=8 ensures full-cycle sampling and suppresses 50Hz / 60Hz interference.

[0113] 6. State machine implementation (new control logic)

[0114] A total of 7 states are designed:

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] Fuzzy logic is used to judge between states, and the membership function uses a combination of triangular wave and trapezoidal wave to enhance switching smoothness.

[0118] The temperature-displaying bipolar dripping electrocoagulation forceps disclosed herein are a handheld device powered by a 5V lithium battery. The device's screen display function uses an OLED screen to allow the doctor to observe the temperature of the bipolar electrocoagulation forceps tip during surgery. The device also has a flashing screen alarm function. It also uses impedance detection to control temperature, enhancing surgical controllability and operational efficiency, preventing device performance degradation and medical risks, reducing reliance on experience and guesswork, shortening hemostasis time (especially when treating tiny blood vessels or moist tissues), and reducing the frequency of repeated electrocoagulation operations. It is easy to use and more efficient.

[0119] The present invention is based on the following principles: A bipolar water-drip electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature is disclosed. A temperature-sensing element at the tip of the forceps transmits the tip's temperature as an analog signal to an MCU processor. Through data processing and digital-to-analog conversion, the current tip temperature is calculated. This temperature is then displayed on an OLED display using I2C communication. A flashing screen provides a temperature alarm; if the threshold is exceeded, the screen flashes at a fixed frequency. Impedance detection is also used to control temperature, dynamically adjusting the tip temperature.

[0120] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bipolar dripping electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature, comprising an electrode base and two electrocoagulation forceps rods that can form a forceps structure with each other, the tail ends of the two electrocoagulation forceps rods being symmetrical with each other and fixedly connected to the electrode base, the electrocoagulation forceps rods comprising a metal core rod and an insulating handle sleeve wrapped around the outer surface of the core rod, the front end of the core rod extending from the insulating handle sleeve and exposed to the outside to form the electrocoagulation forceps tip, characterized in that: It also includes an impedance detection system, wherein the electrocoagulation forceps tip is provided with a temperature sensing element, the electrode base is provided with an MCU processor and a display, and the MCU processor is connected to the temperature sensing element and the display respectively; The temperature sensing element transmits the temperature of the electrocoagulation tweezers tip to the MCU processor in the form of an analog signal, calculates the temperature of the electrocoagulation tweezers tip at that time through data processing and digital-to-analog conversion, uses I2C communication to display the temperature on the display, and calculates the impedance value through the data returned by the voltage detection element to control the output current of the tweezers tip in real time.

2. The bipolar water dripping electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two electrocoagulation forceps rods are parallel to each other and are designed in an "S" shape.

3. The bipolar water dripping electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a PCB board, which is fixed on the electrode seat using an embedded structure, and the display is arranged on the PCB board and fixed using welding.

4. The bipolar water dripping electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature according to claim 3, characterized in that: The PCB board and the display both adopt a rectangular structure, and the display is an OLED display.

5. The bipolar water dripping electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MCU processor is provided with a main control circuit, a display circuit, a power supply circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a switch circuit.

6. The bipolar water dripping electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control circuit includes a single chip microcomputer U1, a resistor R4, a resistor R3, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C2, and a crystal oscillator Y1; The main control circuit is composed of pin 10 of the microcontroller U1 connected to one end of the resistor R4 and pin 3 of U4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 11 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to one end of the resistor R3 and pin 2 of U4, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 12 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to pin 2 of DQ, pin 16 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to pin 2 of the switch S1, pin 2 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to one end of the crystal oscillator Y1, pin 3 is connected to the other end of the crystal oscillator Y1, one pin of the crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C7, and the other pin is connected to one end of the capacitor C8, the other pins of the capacitor C7 and the capacitor C8 are connected to GND, pin 4 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C2, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected to GND, and pin 15 of the microcontroller U1 is connected to GND.

7. The bipolar water dripping electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The display circuit includes an OLED display U4, a resistor R7, a resistor R1, and a capacitor C9; The display circuit is composed of pin 4 of the OLED display U4 connected to one end of the resistor R7, and at the same time connected to pin 10 of the microcontroller U1, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 3 of the OLED display U4 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and at the same time connected to pin 11 of the microcontroller U1, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to VCC3.3V, pin 2 of the OLED display U4 is connected to VCC3.3V, and at the same time connected to one end of the capacitor C9, the other end of the capacitor C9 is connected to GND, and pin 1 of the OLED display U4 is connected to GND.

8. The bipolar water dripping electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply circuit includes a voltage stabilizer U3, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a resistor R6, a capacitor C10, a resistor R5, and a lithium battery holder BT1; The power supply circuit is composed of pin 1 of the voltage regulator U3 connected to one end of the capacitor C1, and then connected to VCC5V, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to GND, pin 2 of the voltage regulator U3 is connected to GND, and the three pins are respectively connected to capacitors C3 and one end of capacitor C4, and at the same time connected to resistor R6, the other end of resistor R6 is connected to VCC3.3V, capacitor C3, and the other end of capacitor C4 is connected to GND; one end of the lithium battery holder BT1 is connected to GND, and the other end is connected to capacitor C10, the other end of capacitor C10 is connected to GND, one end of resistor R5 is connected to the output end of the lithium battery holder BT1, and the other end outputs VCC5V.

9. The bipolar water dripping electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature detection circuit includes a temperature sensor U2 and a resistor R2; The temperature detection circuit is connected by pin 1 of sensor U2 to GND, pin 2 to one end of resistor R2, the other end of resistor R2 to VCC3.3V, and pin 12 of microcontroller U1. Pin 3 of sensor U2 is connected to VCC3.3V.

10. The bipolar water dripping electrocoagulation forceps capable of measuring and controlling temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching circuit includes a switch S1, a resistor R8, and a capacitor C11; The switch circuit is connected by the left side of switch S1 to one end of capacitor C11 and GND, and the other side of switch S1 is connected to the other end of capacitor C11 and one end of resistor R8, which is also connected to pin 16 of microcontroller U1. One end of resistor R8 is connected to VCC3.3V.

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