Civil construction intelligent scheduling method and system based on BIM

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of civil construction scheduling, and discloses a BIM-based civil construction intelligent scheduling method and system. The method comprises various resource parameters, construction procedures and site arrangement information. Performing construction progress dynamic simulation on the BIM model, generating a multi-dimensional progress plan in combination with a resource database, identifying a process logic relationship and potential resource conflict points, and forming a conflict early warning list with priorities; establishing an intelligent scheduling model according to the progress plan and the conflict early warning list, optimizing a scheduling algorithm by using a conflict early warning result, and dynamically adjusting resource allocation parameters; comparing the real-time construction data with the intelligent scheduling model, identifying resource supply and demand deviations and process delay risks, marking key conflict events and feeding the key conflict events back to the BIM model for visual analysis, and obtaining a conflict influence range; and performing construction process deduction on the BIM model based on a conflict identification result, identifying a potential optimization path and a deployment scheme, and determining an optimal scheduling strategy and implementation steps through feasibility verification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of civil construction scheduling, and in particular to a BIM-based civil construction intelligent scheduling method and system. Background Art

[0002] In traditional civil engineering construction, resource scheduling and progress management rely heavily on manual experience and two-dimensional drawings, an approach with numerous limitations. Construction resources encompass multiple categories, including manpower, machinery, and materials. The parameters of each resource are complex and dynamically changing. Manual integration and analysis of this information is often inaccurate and inefficient, leading to inappropriate resource allocation. Construction processes are closely linked logically, and a delay in one process can trigger a chain reaction, impacting the entire construction schedule. However, traditional methods struggle to visualize the dependencies between processes and identify potential resource conflicts in advance. Remediation efforts often wait until conflicts occur, at which point unnecessary losses have already occurred. Site layout is also an important factor affecting construction efficiency. Traditional two-dimensional drawings cannot fully display the three-dimensional spatial information of the site, which may lead to problems such as insufficient space for mechanical operations and unreasonable material stacking during the construction process, further exacerbating resource waste and process delays. As civil engineering projects continue to expand in scale and complexity, the drawbacks of traditional scheduling methods are becoming increasingly apparent. Construction projects involve numerous stakeholders, resulting in poor information flow and a lack of timely feedback from real-time construction data into scheduling decisions. This makes it difficult to dynamically adjust scheduling plans based on actual conditions. When resource supply and demand misalignments or process delays occur, managers struggle to accurately assess the scope and severity of the impact, hindering the ability to quickly develop effective response strategies. Traditional schedules are mostly static plans that are difficult to adapt to various changes during the construction process. Once an emergency occurs, such as weather changes or equipment failures, the entire schedule is easily disrupted, and re-establishing a reasonable scheduling plan requires a lot of time and energy, seriously affecting construction efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a BIM-based civil construction intelligent scheduling method and system to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a BIM-based intelligent scheduling method for civil construction, the method comprising: Build a 3D BIM model and construction resource database, including various resource parameters, construction procedures and site layout information; Dynamically simulate the construction progress of the BIM model, generate a multi-dimensional schedule based on the resource database information, identify the logical relationship between the processes and potential resource conflicts, and form a conflict warning list with priority; Establish an intelligent scheduling model based on the schedule and conflict warning list, use the conflict warning results to optimize the scheduling algorithm, and dynamically adjust resource allocation parameters; Compare real-time construction data with the intelligent scheduling model to identify resource supply and demand deviations and process delay risks, mark key conflict events, and feed conflict identification results back to the BIM model for visual analysis to determine the scope of conflict impact; Based on the conflict identification results of the intelligent scheduling model, the construction process of the BIM model is simulated to identify potential progress optimization paths and resource allocation plans, and the feasibility of the optimization plans is verified to determine the optimal scheduling strategy and implementation steps.

[0005] Preferably, the three-dimensional BIM model and construction resource database include various resource parameters, construction process and site layout information, specifically including: Determine the structural type and construction scope of the civil construction project, and establish a 3D BIM model based on the design drawings; Classify construction resources, distinguish between manpower, machinery, materials, and site resources, and collect attribute parameters and availability status of each type of resource; Integrate BIM model data and resource parameter information to generate a structured construction resource database.

[0006] Preferably, the dynamic simulation of the construction progress of the BIM model is performed, and a multi-dimensional progress plan is generated in combination with the resource database information, and the logical relationship between the process and the potential resource conflict points are identified to form a conflict warning list with priority, specifically including: Split the BIM model according to the construction phase and extract the resource demand information of each phase from the resource database; Analyze the logical relationships between different construction processes, identify normal and abnormal process connection patterns, mark abnormal connection patterns, generate preliminary conflict warnings, and record the conflict type, impact range, and probability of occurrence; Assign priorities based on the characteristics of each conflict warning, generate a conflict warning list with priority, and integrate all analysis and marking results to output a structured conflict warning list.

[0007] Preferably, the intelligent scheduling model is established according to the schedule plan and the conflict warning list, the scheduling algorithm is optimized using the conflict warning results, and the resource allocation parameters are dynamically adjusted, specifically including: Extract features from the schedule and conflict warning list, establish an intelligent scheduling model, and train the intelligent scheduling model using the extracted features; Based on the real-time conflict warning results, the parameters and algorithm logic of the intelligent scheduling model are dynamically adjusted.

[0008] Preferably, the real-time construction data is compared with the intelligent scheduling model to identify resource supply and demand deviations and process delay risks, mark key conflict events, and feed the conflict identification results back to the BIM model for visual analysis to obtain the scope of conflict impact, specifically including: Input the real-time collected construction data into the intelligent scheduling model, use the intelligent scheduling model to compare the real-time input data, analyze the differences between the real-time data and the planned data, and identify potential resource supply and demand deviations and process delay risks; Mark detected key conflict events, record conflict severity and related construction context information; Assess the urgency of conflict events and assign a warning level to each conflict event based on its impact scope and probability of occurrence; Extract conflict identification results and feed them back to the BIM model, visualize the BIM model, and display the spatial location and impact range of the conflict event.

[0009] Preferably, based on the conflict identification results of the intelligent scheduling model, the construction process of the BIM model is simulated to identify potential progress optimization paths and resource allocation plans, and the feasibility of the optimization plans is verified to determine the optimal scheduling strategy and implementation steps, which specifically include: Collect construction data related to conflict identification results and obtain complete construction context information; Conduct construction process simulation on the BIM model to identify potential schedule optimization paths and resource allocation plans, extract feasible optimization measures from the simulation results, and identify the types of measures; Conduct feasibility verification on the identified optimization scheme, analyze the implementation cost and construction period impact of the scheme, and evaluate the technical feasibility of the scheme; Based on all the identified information, a construction scheduling plan report is generated.

[0010] Preferably, the method further comprises: Based on real-time construction data and resource databases, the actual consumption of manpower, machinery, and materials is collected, and the planned consumption is compared with the real-time consumption. Construction links with abnormal resource consumption are screened, the types of resource waste are determined, and resource consumption deviations are established. Specifically, the following are included: Classify and count real-time construction data by resource type, and extract the planned consumption indicators of corresponding resources from the resource database; Analyze deviations between planned consumption indicators and real-time consumption, identify normal and abnormal resource consumption patterns, mark abnormal consumption patterns, generate preliminary resource waste warnings, and record waste types, impact levels, and frequency of occurrence; The deviation amount is calculated based on the characteristics of each resource waste warning, and a resource consumption analysis report with the deviation amount is generated. All analysis and marking results are integrated to output a structured resource consumption assessment list.

[0011] Preferably, the method further comprises: Build a collaborative supply chain database, integrate supplier qualifications, material delivery cycles, and inventory status information, link supply chain data with BIM models, generate material procurement plans, and dynamically adjust procurement plans and resource scheduling plans based on real-time construction progress. Specifically, it includes: Determine the types and specifications of materials required for civil construction, and establish supplier information files to record suppliers' production capacity, delivery time and quality standards; Structuring supply chain data to link material inventory data, delivery cycle data, and construction process nodes in the BIM model; Generate phased material procurement plans based on the associated BIM model and real-time construction progress data, and dynamically adjust procurement quantities and delivery times based on construction progress deviations; The adjusted procurement plan is fed back to the intelligent scheduling model to update resource allocation parameters to match the supply chain delivery cycle.

[0012] Preferably, the present invention further includes a BIM-based civil construction intelligent scheduling system for implementing the above-mentioned BIM-based civil construction intelligent scheduling method, the system comprising: BIM model and resource database construction module, used to build a three-dimensional BIM model and construction resource database, including various resource parameters, construction procedures and site layout information; The construction progress dynamic simulation module is used to dynamically simulate the construction progress of the BIM model, generate a multi-dimensional progress plan based on the resource database information, identify the logical relationship between the processes and potential resource conflicts, and form a conflict warning list with priority; Intelligent scheduling model building module, which is used to build an intelligent scheduling model based on the schedule plan and conflict warning list, optimize the scheduling algorithm using the conflict warning results, and dynamically adjust resource allocation parameters; The conflict event comparison module is used to compare real-time construction data with the intelligent scheduling model, identify resource supply and demand deviations and process delay risks, mark key conflict events, and feed the conflict identification results back to the BIM model for visual analysis to obtain the scope of the conflict impact; The optimization scheme verification module is used to deduce the construction process of the BIM model based on the conflict identification results of the intelligent scheduling model, identify potential progress optimization paths and resource allocation plans, verify the feasibility of the optimization plan, and determine the optimal scheduling strategy and implementation steps.

[0013] Preferably, the construction progress dynamic simulation module includes: The BIM model construction phase splitting unit is used to split the BIM model according to the construction phase and extract the resource demand information of each phase from the resource database; The process logic relationship analysis unit is used to analyze the logical relationships between different construction processes, identify normal and abnormal process connection patterns, mark abnormal connection patterns, generate preliminary conflict warnings, and record the conflict type, impact range, and probability of occurrence; The conflict warning priority allocation unit is used to allocate priorities according to the characteristics of each conflict warning, generate a conflict warning list with priorities, and integrate all analysis and marking results to output a structured conflict warning list.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This BIM-based intelligent scheduling method for civil construction projects achieves comprehensive integration and visualization of various resource parameters, construction processes, and site layout information by constructing a 3D BIM model and a construction resource database. The 3D BIM model intuitively presents the spatial relationships of the construction site, allowing managers to clearly understand the distribution of resources and the progress of processes, avoiding the information limitations of traditional 2D drawings. Dynamically simulating the construction progress of the BIM model and combining it with the resource database to generate a multi-dimensional schedule accurately identifies the logical relationships between process steps and potential resource conflicts, and creates a prioritized conflict warning list. This allows the construction team to be aware of potential problems in advance and prepare for conflicts before they occur, reducing work stoppages and rework caused by conflicts. The established intelligent scheduling model uses conflict warning results to optimize scheduling algorithms and dynamically adjust resource allocation parameters to ensure that resources are properly allocated based on actual construction conditions. When real-time construction data is compared with the intelligent scheduling model and discrepancies in resource supply and demand or the risk of process delays are identified, key conflict events are quickly flagged and the results fed back to the BIM model for visual analysis, clarifying the scope of the conflict and enabling managers to take targeted measures. By deducing the construction process from the BIM model based on the conflict identification results of the intelligent scheduling model, potential schedule optimization paths and resource allocation solutions can be discovered. The optimal scheduling strategy and implementation steps can then be determined through feasibility verification. This process fully leverages the advantages of BIM technology, achieving intelligent and refined construction scheduling, reducing resource waste, shortening the construction cycle, and improving the stability and controllability of the construction process. Furthermore, this method enables the real-time transmission and sharing of construction information, strengthening collaboration among all construction participants and making the entire construction process smoother and more efficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a working principle diagram of the BIM-based civil construction intelligent scheduling method of the present invention; Figure 2 Flowchart for building a 3D BIM model and construction resource database; Figure 3 A flowchart for construction process simulation and optimization scheme verification; Figure 4 Flowchart for supply chain collaboration and procurement plan adjustment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] See also Figures 1-4 The present invention provides a BIM-based civil construction intelligent scheduling method, the method comprising: Construct a three-dimensional BIM model and a construction resource database, including various resource parameters, construction processes, and site layout information. Dynamically simulate the construction progress of the BIM model, generate a multi-dimensional schedule based on the resource database information, identify the logical relationships between processes and potential resource conflicts, and form a conflict warning list with priorities. Establish an intelligent scheduling model based on the schedule and conflict warning list, use the conflict warning results to optimize the scheduling algorithm, and dynamically adjust resource allocation parameters. Compare real-time construction data with the intelligent scheduling model to identify resource supply and demand deviations and process delay risks, mark key conflict events, and feed the conflict identification results back to the BIM model for visual analysis to obtain the scope of the conflict impact. Based on the conflict identification results of the intelligent scheduling model, perform a construction process simulation on the BIM model to identify potential schedule optimization paths and resource allocation plans, verify the feasibility of the optimization plan, and determine the optimal scheduling strategy and implementation steps.

[0018] Example 1: When building a three-dimensional BIM model and construction resource database, it is necessary to first clarify the structural type of the civil construction project, such as frame structure, shear wall structure, etc., and at the same time define the specific scope of construction, covering above-ground buildings, underground facilities and surrounding ancillary projects. Based on the professional drawing information such as architecture, structure, electromechanical, etc. in the design drawings, create three-dimensional models of each component in sequence in the BIM modeling software, including foundations, beams, slabs, columns, walls, etc. The model must include information such as the geometric dimensions, material properties, and spatial position of the components. During the model construction process, it is necessary to ensure the coordination between the various professional models to avoid design-level problems such as component collisions.

[0019] Construction resources are categorized into four main categories: human resources, machinery, materials, and site resources. For human resources, different trades are distinguished, such as carpenters, rebar workers, concrete workers, electricians, and welders. The skill levels of each trade, such as entry-level, intermediate, and advanced, are recorded. The worker's availability, daily work hours, and current construction area are also recorded. Mechanical resources include lifting machinery, transport machinery, mixing equipment, and vibrating equipment. For each piece of machinery, information is collected, including model, manufacturer, rated power, operating radius, maximum load capacity, equipment status (e.g., in use, under maintenance, or idle), and operator status. Material resources include steel, cement, sand and gravel, wood, waterproofing materials, and decorative materials. Material specifications, such as rebar diameter, cement grade, and sand and gravel grading, are recorded. Current inventory, storage location, purchase date, expiration date, and supplier information are also collected. Site resources include construction access roads, material storage areas, processing areas, office areas, and living areas. Each area's footprint, floor plan, ground load capacity, surrounding environmental restrictions, and hours of use are recorded.

[0020] When integrating BIM model data and resource parameter information, associate the construction processes of each component in the BIM model with resource requirements. For example, associate the rebar tying process with resources such as rebar workers, rebar materials, and tying machinery. All resource parameters are structured and stored in database tables. The labor table includes fields such as person ID, job type, skill level, availability, and location; the machinery table includes fields such as machine ID, model, power, operating range, status, and operator; the materials table includes fields such as material ID, type, specification, inventory level, storage location, and supplier; and the site table includes fields such as site ID, type, area, location, load capacity, and usage period. Furthermore, relationships are established between these tables. For example, resource requirements are linked to the construction phases in the BIM model using process IDs. This creates a complete construction resource database that supports real-time data query, update, and access.

[0021] When dynamically simulating the construction progress of a BIM model, the model is divided into several sections according to the construction phase, such as the foundation and substructure construction phase, the main structure construction phase, the secondary structure construction phase, the interior decoration and renovation construction phase, and the exterior and general layout construction phase. Each construction phase is further subdivided into specific construction processes. For example, the main structure construction phase includes column reinforcement binding, column formwork installation, column concrete pouring, beam reinforcement binding, beam formwork installation, beam concrete pouring, floor slab formwork installation, floor slab reinforcement binding, and floor slab concrete pouring. Resource requirement information corresponding to each phase and process is extracted from the resource database, including the number of concrete workers, vibrating machinery model and quantity, concrete material usage, and work site scope required for a specific concrete pouring phase.

[0022] When analyzing the logical relationships between different construction processes, identify the immediate preceding and following processes for each process and clarify the dependencies between them. For example, column formwork installation can only begin after column reinforcement binding, and beam formwork installation can only begin after beam reinforcement binding. Identify normal process connection patterns—that is, a connection sequence that complies with construction specifications and process flows. For example, rebar binding is performed after formwork installation is complete, and concrete pouring is performed after rebar binding has passed inspection. Abnormal connection patterns are marked, such as beginning rebar binding before formwork acceptance is complete, proceeding to subsequent construction processes before concrete reaches curing strength, or multiple processes being carried out simultaneously in the same area, resulting in site occupancy conflicts. For each abnormal connection pattern, record the type of conflict, such as incorrect process sequence, overlapping resource usage, and time node conflicts. Determine the construction process, component scope, and construction area involved in the conflict. Estimate the probability of the conflict based on historical construction data and site conditions.

[0023] When assigning priorities based on the characteristics of each conflict warning, the scope of impact, probability of occurrence, and difficulty of resolution of the conflict are comprehensively considered. If the scope of impact of the conflict involves processes on critical routes, and the probability of occurrence is high and the time required to resolve is long, it is given a higher priority; if the conflict only affects minor processes on non-critical routes, the probability of occurrence is low and it is easy to resolve, it is given a lower priority. Generate a conflict warning list with priority, which includes the unique identification number of the conflict, the corresponding construction stage and process, the conflict type, a description of the scope of impact, the probability of occurrence, the priority level, and a preliminary description of the conflict. Integrate all analysis and marking results, sort the conflict warning list in the order of the construction stages, and output a structured conflict warning list. The list can be in tabular form to facilitate subsequent data retrieval and analysis in the intelligent scheduling model.

[0024] Example 2: When establishing an intelligent scheduling model based on a schedule and conflict warning list, features are first extracted from the schedule information, including the planned start time, planned completion time, duration, required resource type and quantity, and construction area of ​​each construction process. Features such as the conflict type, involved processes and resources, impact scope, probability of occurrence, and priority are extracted from the conflict warning list. These extracted features are converted into structured data and used as input variables for the intelligent scheduling model. A framework structure is constructed, comprising a data input layer, a feature processing layer, and a decision output layer. The data input layer is responsible for receiving feature data from the schedule and conflict warning list; the feature processing layer normalizes the input data to eliminate dimensional differences between different data dimensions; and the decision output layer uses an algorithmic model to analyze the processed features and generate a preliminary resource allocation plan. A training dataset is constructed using historical construction project progress data, conflict resolution records, and resource scheduling results. This training dataset is input into the intelligent scheduling model. The parameter weights within the model are adjusted through iterative calculations to gradually reduce the deviation between the scheduling plan output by the model and the actual reasonable plan.

[0025] When optimizing the scheduling algorithm using conflict warning results, upon receiving new conflict warning information, key conflict features are extracted. For example, if the conflict type is a machine resource conflict, the machine type involved, the process node where the conflict occurs, and the conflict priority are extracted. The algorithm's resource allocation logic is adjusted based on the conflict characteristics. For example, in the event of a machine resource conflict, a machine usage priority judgment mechanism is added to the algorithm, reordering the machine allocation order based on the importance of the process and the urgency of the conflict. Resource allocation parameters are dynamically adjusted, including the time window, quantity ratio, and spatial scope of resource allocation. The time window for resource allocation is adjusted to the interval between the earliest start time and the latest completion time of the conflicting processes. The quantity ratio is determined based on the scope of the conflict. For example, if a material resource conflict occurs in a specific area, the material allocation ratio for that area is increased. The spatial scope is determined based on the construction area where the conflict occurs, limiting the scope of resource allocation within the conflict area to avoid triggering new resource conflicts.

[0026] When comparing real-time construction data with the intelligent scheduling model, real-time operating data of construction machinery, such as working status, location information, and operation duration, is collected through sensor equipment installed on site. Real-time attendance data and operation progress data of construction personnel are collected through mobile applications. Real-time material consumption data and inventory data are collected through material on-site acceptance records and receipt records. At the same time, the actual completion progress of each process, the current construction stage, and data such as the weather and environment on site are obtained through the construction management system. This real-time construction data is classified and organized according to data type and converted into a data format consistent with the planned data format in the intelligent scheduling model. For example, the actual operation time of personnel is converted into the same unit as the planned working hours, and the actual material consumption is converted into the same measurement method as the planned consumption.

[0027] The sorted real-time data is input into the intelligent scheduling model, which calls the internally stored plan data, including the planned start time, planned completion time, and planned resource requirements of each process, and compares the real-time data with the planned data item by item. Calculate the deviation between resource supply and demand, such as the human resource deviation, which is the difference between the actual number of people on site and the planned number of people required, the mechanical resource deviation, which is the difference between the actual number of available machines and the planned number required, and the material resource deviation, which is the difference between the actual inventory and the planned consumption. Calculate the risk of process delays, such as the difference between the actual completion time and the planned completion time of a process. If the difference is positive, it indicates a process delay, and the larger the difference, the higher the risk of delay; if the difference is negative, it means the process is completed ahead of schedule.

[0028] After identifying potential resource supply and demand deviations and process delay risks, detected critical conflict events are marked. Critical conflict events include those where the resource supply and demand deviation exceeds a preset threshold, such as material shortages exceeding a certain percentage of the planned usage, or process delays exceeding a certain percentage of the planned duration. They also include events that prevent the normal progress of a process, such as sudden failures of key machinery or inclement weather that prevents outdoor work from proceeding. During the marking process, the severity of the conflict is recorded. For example, a minor conflict refers to a small resource deviation that can be adjusted and resolved within a short period of time; a moderate conflict refers to a large resource deviation or a long process delay that does not affect the overall construction process; and a severe conflict refers to a severe resource shortage or process delay that blocks the critical path. At the same time, relevant construction context information such as the specific time the conflict occurred, the name and number of the construction process involved, the type and quantity of associated resources, and feedback from on-site workers is recorded.

[0029] When assessing the urgency of a conflict, the scope of impact and probability of occurrence are considered. The scope of impact includes the size of the construction area involved, the number of processes involved, and the number of construction personnel and machinery affected. The probability of occurrence is estimated based on historical data from similar projects and current construction conditions. Based on the combination of scope of impact and probability of occurrence, each conflict event is assigned a warning level. For example, a Level 1 warning is for conflicts with a large scope of impact and a high probability of occurrence; a Level 2 warning is for conflicts with a medium scope of impact and a medium probability of occurrence; and a Level 3 warning is for conflicts with a small scope of impact and a low probability of occurrence.

[0030] Conflict identification results are extracted, including the conflict event identification number, conflict type, occurrence time, involved processes and resources, resource supply and demand deviation, process delay duration, severity, warning level, and other information. These results are fed back to the BIM model. Based on the location information of the conflict event, the model locates the specific construction area and component in the three-dimensional visualization interface, and distinguishes the warning level of the conflict through different color markings, such as red for level one warning, yellow for level two warning, and blue for level three warning. At the same time, the impact range of the conflict event is displayed in the BIM model, such as highlighting the construction area affected by the conflict, the related components and processes, and the areas where the conflict may spread. Through the visualization function of the BIM model, the spatial distribution and impact of the conflict event are intuitively displayed, providing a visual analysis basis for subsequent resource allocation and schedule adjustment.

[0031] Example 3: Based on the conflict identification results of the intelligent scheduling model, when performing construction process deduction on the BIM model, construction data related to the conflict identification results is first collected. This data includes resource usage records within 72 hours before the conflict occurs, including the attendance of various types of workers, the activation and deactivation times of machinery, and the amount of materials issued and consumed; process progress data during the conflict period, such as the actual completion percentage of each process, the consumed working hours, and the remaining workload; and on-site environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and other external conditions that may affect construction. At the same time, complete construction context information is obtained, including the current construction stage of the project, such as the main structure construction to the 10th floor and the secondary structure construction is 30% complete; a list of completed processes and corresponding completion times, such as the completion time of the basement slab pouring and the completion time of the first-floor column reinforcement binding; the names of the subsequent planned processes, their planned start and completion times, and the types and quantities of required resources.

[0032] During the construction process simulation of the BIM model, the collected conflict identification results, construction data, and contextual information are imported into the BIM model's simulation module. The simulation module then simulates the construction process step by step along a timeline, starting from the current construction node and executing subsequent planned processes sequentially. During the simulation, resource allocation is adjusted to address issues such as resource shortages and process connection anomalies identified in the conflict identification results. For example, the number of rebar workers in a certain area is increased, or idle vibrating machinery is reallocated to the concrete pouring process. The process connection sequence is also adjusted, such as switching two processes that were previously being carried out in parallel to a sequential one or starting a non-critical process earlier. By adjusting parameters and repeating the simulation, potential schedule optimization paths are identified. These include shortening the duration of non-critical processes, such as increasing the daily completion volume of the masonry process from 50 cubic meters to 60 cubic meters; adjusting the logical relationships between processes, such as enabling parallel execution of certain previously closely related processes; and optimizing resource flow, such as adjusting material transportation routes to reduce transportation time. At the same time, identify resource allocation plans, including cross-regional allocation of machinery, such as allocating idle tower cranes in Area A to Area B to support lifting operations; increasing temporary manpower input, such as temporarily transferring carpenters from other projects to support the template installation process of the current project; adjusting the batches of materials entering the site, such as changing the steel bars originally delivered in three batches to two batches to meet urgent needs.

[0033] When extracting feasible optimization measures from the simulation results, the types of measures are differentiated based on their implementation methods and objectives. Resource-enrichment measures resolve conflicts by increasing resource inputs, such as renting an additional concrete pump truck or temporarily hiring five rebar workers. Process-adjustment measures avoid conflicts by changing the order or duration of processes, such as delaying the start of roof waterproofing by three days or shortening the duration of interior wall plastering from 10 days to 8 days. Time-compression measures shorten the total duration of processes by improving work efficiency, such as using automated welding equipment to increase steel structure welding speed or increasing nighttime work shifts.

[0034] When verifying the feasibility of an identified optimization solution, analyze its implementation costs, including additional resource procurement fees, such as daily rentals for new machinery and daily wages for temporary workers; labor costs incurred by process adjustments, such as overtime pay for nighttime work and labor costs incurred by rework; and changes in material costs, such as capital tied up by purchasing materials in advance and logistics costs incurred by emergency transportation. Analyze the solution's impact on the construction period, calculating the estimated completion time for each process after adopting the optimized solution and comparing it with the original planned time to determine whether the overall construction period will be shortened and whether the start and completion times of other processes will be affected. For example, a specific optimization solution may shorten the overall construction period by 5 days, but delay the start of the subsequent decoration and renovation process by 2 days. Evaluate the technical feasibility of the plan, including whether the site conditions allow it, such as whether there is sufficient installation space on site after increasing the number of tower cranes, and whether the operating radius between the tower cranes will interfere with each other; whether the equipment has the corresponding capabilities, such as when using higher-power vibrating equipment, whether its vibration effect meets the concrete density requirements, and whether it will cause excessive impact on the formwork; whether the construction process is feasible, such as when using a new steel bar connection process, whether the on-site workers master the operation method, and whether there are corresponding quality acceptance standards.

[0035] Based on all the identified information, a construction scheduling plan report is compiled. This report includes a detailed description of the schedule optimization paths, such as the process names corresponding to each optimization path, the duration before and after adjustments, and the adjustment methods; resource allocation details, such as the resource types and quantities involved, the time points for allocation, and the areas from which allocations are made to which areas; an arrangement of implementation steps, such as the first step of completing the deployment and installation of tower cranes, the second step of organizing on-site training for temporary workers, and the third step of commencing construction of the adjusted processes, with clear executors and timelines for each step; and a feasibility analysis conclusion, including the specific amount of implementation costs, the specific number of days affected by the construction period, and the determination of technical feasibility and the relevant basis.

[0036] Example 4: Based on real-time construction data and a resource database, when collecting the actual consumption of manpower, machinery, and materials, the real-time construction data is classified and counted by resource type. Human resource consumption statistics record the actual working hours of each type of worker by trade. The actual working hours of carpenters include the working hours for each stage, such as template cutting, installation, and dismantling. The actual working hours of rebar workers include the working hours for rebar handling, tying, and welding. Normal working hours and overtime must be distinguished. Mechanical resource consumption statistics record the actual operating hours for each machine, such as the hoisting operation time of a tower crane and the transportation time of a concrete mixer truck. Fuel consumption is also counted, including the amount of fuel used by each fuel-powered machine, fuel consumption during the operating period, and power consumption of electric machines. Material resource consumption statistics record the actual usage by material type, such as the actual cutting length of steel, the actual mixing amount of cement, and the actual laying volume of sand and gravel. Material loss must also be recorded, such as the amount of waste generated by cutting steel and the amount of spillage during concrete mixing.

[0037] The planned consumption indicators of the corresponding resources are extracted from the resource database. The planned consumption indicators of human resources are the planned working hours of each type of work in the corresponding process. The working hours are calculated based on the engineering volume, labor quota and planned work efficiency of the process. The planned consumption indicators of mechanical resources include the planned operating time and planned fuel consumption of each machine. The planned operating time is determined based on the construction intensity of the process and the operating efficiency of the machine. The planned fuel consumption is calculated with reference to the rated fuel consumption and planned operating time of the machine. The planned consumption indicators of material resources are the planned usage of each material in the corresponding process. The usage is determined based on the design size of the component, the material loss rate and the construction specification requirements.

[0038] Deviation analysis is performed between planned consumption indicators and real-time consumption to calculate the deviation value, which is the difference between actual consumption and planned consumption indicators. When the deviation value is within the preset range, it is determined to be a normal consumption mode; when the deviation value exceeds the preset range, it is determined to be an abnormal consumption mode. Abnormal consumption modes are marked and the type of waste is recorded. Types of human resource waste include idle personnel, such as a rebar worker in a certain process having no work tasks during the specified working hours; skills mismatch, such as assigning senior welders to perform elementary welding work, resulting in labor cost waste. Types of mechanical resource waste include mechanical idling, such as tower cranes being in standby mode for long periods of time between operations; equipment overload, such as small loaders taking on transportation tasks that exceed their carrying capacity, resulting in inefficiency. Types of material resource waste include over-issuance, such as the backlog caused by the amount of wood issued far exceeding actual demand; and cutting waste, such as excessive scrap generated due to dimensional errors when cutting rebar. Record the impact. The impact of human resource waste is reflected in the wage costs of idle personnel and the extended work hours caused by skill mismatches. The impact of machinery waste is reflected in fuel consumption during idle periods and maintenance costs caused by equipment overload. The impact of material waste is reflected in the capital tied up in excess material and waste disposal costs. Record the frequency of occurrence, counting the number of times each type of waste occurs per unit time, such as the number of times personnel are idle in a week or the number of times machinery is idle in a day.

[0039] The deviation is calculated based on the characteristics of each resource waste warning. The deviation includes absolute deviation and relative deviation. The absolute deviation is the difference between the actual consumption and the planned consumption index. The calculation formula is: , in, represents the absolute deviation, Indicates actual consumption. Indicates the planned consumption indicator.

[0040] The relative deviation is the ratio of the absolute deviation to the planned consumption index, and is presented as a percentage. Generate a resource consumption analysis report with deviation amounts. The report must provide detailed information on the planned consumption index, actual consumption, absolute deviation, relative deviation, waste type, impact level, and frequency of occurrence for each resource. Integrate all analysis and marking results to output a structured resource consumption assessment list. The list is in tabular form, and the columns in the table include resource categories (manpower, machinery, materials), specific resource names (such as carpentry, tower cranes, and steel bars), planned consumption indicators, actual consumption, absolute deviation, relative deviation, waste type, impact level description, and frequency of occurrence statistics. The list must be arranged by resource category, and sorted by the size of the deviation within the same category to facilitate the intuitive display of consumption deviations and waste problems for various types of resources.

[0041] Example 5: When building a supply chain collaboration database, first identify the material types and specifications required for civil construction, such as HRB400-grade 25mm diameter rebar and C30 concrete required for the structural construction phase, and 600×600mm non-slip floor tiles and 12mm thick gypsum board required for the decorative phase. A supplier information file is established, identifying at least three potential suppliers for each material. Supplier production capacity is recorded, such as a rebar supplier's maximum monthly supply of 5,000 tons or a concrete supplier's daily production capacity of 800 cubic meters. Delivery times are recorded, including the average time from order submission to material delivery to site. For example, a floor tile supplier's typical delivery cycle is 7 days, which may extend to 10 days during holidays. Quality standards are also recorded, such as compliance with GB / T1499.2 for the yield strength and tensile strength of the rebar and the concrete's compressive strength, which must meet the design grade, and the required impermeability.

[0042] Supply chain data is structured, with material inventory data categorized by material type, recording the current inventory of each material. For example, the on-site warehouse has an inventory of 300 tons of 25mm diameter rebar and 50 cubic meters of C30 concrete. Inventory locations are also recorded, such as rebar stored in the material storage yard in Area A and floor tiles stored in an indoor warehouse. Lead time data is categorized by supplier and material type, recording the historical average, shortest, and longest lead times. For example, a gypsum board supplier has an average lead time of 5 days, a shortest of 3 days, and a long of 8 days. This data is associated with construction process nodes in the BIM model. For example, the inventory and lead time data for 25mm diameter rebar is associated with the column rebar binding process node for the fifth floor of the main structure to ensure that the inventory and delivery capacity of rebar meet demand at the start of this process. Data related to C30 concrete is associated with the floor slab pouring process node to ensure that concrete supply matches the pouring schedule.

[0043] A phased material procurement plan is generated based on the associated BIM model and real-time construction progress data. Based on the process schedule and resource requirements for each construction phase in the BIM model and the real-time construction progress, the type, quantity, and procurement time of the materials required for each phase are determined. For example, in the third month of the main structure construction phase, the plan is to complete the steel beam binding for the 6th to 8th floors. Based on the steel bar usage for this section of beams in the BIM model, it is calculated that 400 tons of HRB400 grade 20mm diameter steel bars are required. Combined with the current inventory of 150 tons, the procurement quantity is determined to be 250 tons. Given the planned start time of this process, which is the 10th day of the third month, and the supplier's average delivery cycle of 5 days, the purchase order is scheduled to be issued on the 3rd day of the third month. In the first month of the decoration and renovation phase, it is planned to complete one layer of wall plastering. Based on the wall area and plastering thickness in the BIM model, it is calculated that 200 cubic meters of cement mortar are needed. Combined with the current inventory of 30 cubic meters, the purchase quantity is determined to be 170 cubic meters; according to the process plan start time of the 5th day of the first month, referring to the supplier's delivery cycle of 3 days, the purchase order is determined to be issued on the 1st day of the first month.

[0044] Procurement plans are dynamically adjusted based on construction progress deviations. When actual construction progress is faster than planned, for example, if the column reinforcement binding process for the fifth floor of the main structure is completed two days ahead of schedule, and the subsequent reinforcement binding process for the sixth floor is also brought forward accordingly, the steel purchase order originally scheduled for the third day of the third month needs to be brought forward to the first day of the third month, and the purchase quantity is increased by 50 tons to meet the needs of early construction. When actual construction progress is slower than planned, for example, if the wall plastering process is delayed by three days due to weather, the cement mortar purchase order needs to be postponed by three days and the purchase quantity reduced by 30 cubic meters to avoid a backlog of materials due to premature delivery.

[0045] The adjusted procurement plan is fed back to the intelligent scheduling model, which updates resource allocation parameters based on the new procurement quantity and delivery time. For example, if the procurement quantity of rebar increases and the delivery time is brought forward, the model adjusts the space allocation parameters of the material storage yard in Area A to expand the rebar storage area. It also adjusts the crane usage plan to reserve the appropriate unloading time. If the procurement quantity of cement mortar decreases and the delivery time is delayed, the model adjusts the scheduling parameters of the mixing equipment to reduce the mixing equipment investment during that period. It also adjusts the arrangement of transport vehicles, temporarily relocating vehicles originally used to transport cement mortar to transport other materials to match the supply chain's delivery cycle.

[0046] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0047] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The intelligent scheduling method for civil construction based on BIM is characterized by: The method comprises: Build a 3D BIM model and construction resource database, including various resource parameters, construction procedures and site layout information; Dynamically simulate the construction progress of the BIM model, generate a multi-dimensional schedule based on the resource database information, identify the logical relationship between the processes and potential resource conflicts, and form a conflict warning list with priority; Establish an intelligent scheduling model based on the schedule and conflict warning list, use the conflict warning results to optimize the scheduling algorithm, and dynamically adjust resource allocation parameters; Compare real-time construction data with the intelligent scheduling model to identify resource supply and demand deviations and process delay risks, mark key conflict events, and feed conflict identification results back to the BIM model for visual analysis to determine the scope of conflict impact; Based on the conflict identification results of the intelligent scheduling model, the construction process of the BIM model is simulated to identify potential progress optimization paths and resource allocation plans, and the feasibility of the optimization plans is verified to determine the optimal scheduling strategy and implementation steps.

2. The BIM-based intelligent scheduling method for civil construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The construction of the 3D BIM model and construction resource database includes various resource parameters, construction process and site layout information, specifically including: Determine the structural type and construction scope of the civil construction project, and establish a 3D BIM model based on the design drawings; Classify construction resources, distinguish between manpower, machinery, materials, and site resources, and collect attribute parameters and availability status of each type of resource; Integrate BIM model data and resource parameter information to generate a structured construction resource database.

3. The BIM-based intelligent scheduling method for civil construction according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The dynamic simulation of the construction progress of the BIM model is combined with the resource database information to generate a multi-dimensional progress plan, identify the logical relationship between the process and potential resource conflict points, and form a conflict warning list with priority, specifically including: Split the BIM model according to the construction phase and extract the resource demand information of each phase from the resource database; Analyze the logical relationships between different construction processes, identify normal and abnormal process connection patterns, mark abnormal connection patterns, generate preliminary conflict warnings, and record the conflict type, impact range, and probability of occurrence; Assign priorities based on the characteristics of each conflict warning, generate a conflict warning list with priority, and integrate all analysis and marking results to output a structured conflict warning list.

4. The BIM-based intelligent scheduling method for civil construction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The intelligent scheduling model is established based on the schedule plan and the conflict warning list, the scheduling algorithm is optimized using the conflict warning results, and the resource allocation parameters are dynamically adjusted, specifically including: Extract features from the schedule and conflict warning list, establish an intelligent scheduling model, and train the intelligent scheduling model using the extracted features; Based on the real-time conflict warning results, the parameters and algorithm logic of the intelligent scheduling model are dynamically adjusted.

5. The BIM-based intelligent scheduling method for civil construction according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The real-time construction data is compared with the intelligent scheduling model to identify resource supply and demand deviations and process delay risks, mark key conflict events, and feed the conflict identification results back to the BIM model for visual analysis to obtain the scope of conflict impact. Specifically, it includes: Input the real-time collected construction data into the intelligent scheduling model, use the intelligent scheduling model to compare the real-time input data, analyze the differences between the real-time data and the planned data, and identify potential resource supply and demand deviations and process delay risks; Mark detected key conflict events, record conflict severity and related construction context information; Assess the urgency of conflict events and assign a warning level to each conflict event based on its impact scope and probability of occurrence; Extract conflict identification results and feed them back to the BIM model, visualize the BIM model, and display the spatial location and impact range of the conflict event.

6. The BIM-based intelligent scheduling method for civil construction according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Based on the conflict identification results of the intelligent scheduling model, the construction process of the BIM model is simulated to identify potential progress optimization paths and resource allocation plans, and the feasibility of the optimization plan is verified to determine the optimal scheduling strategy and implementation steps, including: Collect construction data related to conflict identification results and obtain complete construction context information; Conduct construction process simulation on the BIM model to identify potential schedule optimization paths and resource allocation plans, extract feasible optimization measures from the simulation results, and identify the types of measures; Conduct feasibility verification on the identified optimization scheme, analyze the implementation cost and construction period impact of the scheme, and evaluate the technical feasibility of the scheme; Based on all the identified information, a construction scheduling plan report is generated.

7. The intelligent scheduling method for civil construction based on BIM according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method further comprises: Based on real-time construction data and resource databases, the actual consumption of manpower, machinery, and materials is collected, and the planned consumption is compared with the real-time consumption. Construction links with abnormal resource consumption are screened, the types of resource waste are determined, and resource consumption deviations are established. Specifically, the following are included: Classify and count real-time construction data by resource type, and extract the planned consumption indicators of corresponding resources from the resource database; Analyze deviations between planned consumption indicators and real-time consumption, identify normal and abnormal resource consumption patterns, mark abnormal consumption patterns, generate preliminary resource waste warnings, and record waste types, impact levels, and frequency of occurrence; The deviation amount is calculated based on the characteristics of each resource waste warning, and a resource consumption analysis report with the deviation amount is generated. All analysis and marking results are integrated to output a structured resource consumption assessment list.

8. The BIM-based intelligent scheduling method for civil construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Build a collaborative supply chain database, integrate supplier qualifications, material delivery cycles, and inventory status information, link supply chain data with BIM models, generate material procurement plans, and dynamically adjust procurement plans and resource scheduling plans based on real-time construction progress. Specifically, it includes: Determine the types and specifications of materials required for civil construction, and establish supplier information files to record suppliers' production capacity, delivery time and quality standards; Structuring supply chain data to link material inventory data, delivery cycle data, and construction process nodes in the BIM model; Generate phased material procurement plans based on the associated BIM model and real-time construction progress data, and dynamically adjust procurement quantities and delivery times based on construction progress deviations; The adjusted procurement plan is fed back to the intelligent scheduling model to update resource allocation parameters to match the supply chain delivery cycle.

9. A BIM-based civil construction intelligent scheduling system, used to implement the BIM-based civil construction intelligent scheduling method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The system comprises: BIM model and resource database construction module, used to build a three-dimensional BIM model and construction resource database, including various resource parameters, construction procedures and site layout information; The construction progress dynamic simulation module is used to dynamically simulate the construction progress of the BIM model, generate a multi-dimensional progress plan based on the resource database information, identify the logical relationship between the process and potential resource conflicts, and form a conflict warning list with priority; Intelligent scheduling model building module, used to establish an intelligent scheduling model based on the schedule plan and conflict warning list, optimize the scheduling algorithm using the conflict warning results, and dynamically adjust resource allocation parameters; The conflict event comparison module is used to compare real-time construction data with the intelligent scheduling model, identify resource supply and demand deviations and process delay risks, mark key conflict events, and feed the conflict identification results back to the BIM model for visual analysis to obtain the scope of conflict impact; The optimization scheme verification module is used to deduce the construction process of the BIM model based on the conflict identification results of the intelligent scheduling model, identify potential progress optimization paths and resource allocation plans, verify the feasibility of the optimization plan, and determine the optimal scheduling strategy and implementation steps.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that The construction progress dynamic simulation module includes: The BIM model construction phase splitting unit is used to split the BIM model according to the construction phase and extract the resource demand information of each phase from the resource database; The process logic relationship analysis unit is used to analyze the logical relationships between different construction processes, identify normal and abnormal process connection patterns, mark abnormal connection patterns, generate preliminary conflict warnings, and record the conflict type, impact range, and probability of occurrence; The conflict warning priority allocation unit is used to allocate priorities according to the characteristics of each conflict warning, generate a conflict warning list with priorities, and integrate all analysis and marking results to output a structured conflict warning list.

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