Compound and preparation method thereof, perovskite solar cell, power utilization device and power generation device

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite solar cell, a power utilization device and a power generation device, the compound is used for an electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, the compound comprises a fullerene pyrrolidine group and an R group connected with the fullerene pyrrolidine group, the R group comprises an alkane group and a halogen group, and the halogen group is a halogen group. The alkyl group is at least one of an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl chloride group, a halogen ether group, a ketene group, an amide group and an amino ester group. The invention provides a new material capable of being used for an electron transport layer, and the perovskite solar cell containing the electron transport layer of the compound provided by the invention has the photoelectric conversion efficiency basically equal to or better than that of a perovskite solar cell with an electron transport layer formed by an electron transport material in related technologies. The compound has a relatively high oil-water distribution coefficient, and is beneficial to preparation of large-size perovskite solar cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, in particular to a compound and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite solar cell, an electrical device and a power generation device. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, in the preparation process of the electron transport layer of large-sized perovskite solar cells, whether the solution containing the electron transport material is easy to coat and spread is crucial to the preparation of high-quality electron transport layers. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a compound and its preparation method, a perovskite solar cell, an electrical device and a power generation device to prepare large-sized perovskite solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides a compound and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite solar cell, an electrical device and a power generation device to prepare large-sized perovskite solar cells.

[0004] The first technical solution adopted in the present application is: to provide a compound, which is used for the electron transport layer of a perovskite solar cell, and the compound includes a fullerene pyrrolidine group and an R group connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, wherein the R group includes at least one of an alkane group, a halogen group, an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl chloride group, a haloether group, an enone group, an amide group, and an amino ester group.

[0005] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, an R group is connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, and the R group includes at least one of an alkane group, a halogen group, an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl chloride group, a haloether group, an enone group, an amide group, and an amino ester group. The present application provides a new material that can be used for an electron transport layer, and the perovskite solar cell provided by the present application containing the electron transport layer of the compound has a photoelectric conversion efficiency that is basically the same as or better than that of the perovskite solar cell with an electron transport layer formed by the electron transport material in the related art. In addition, the compound has a high oil-water partition coefficient. Therefore, the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided by the present application as an electron transport material is easier to coat and spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is conducive to the preparation of large-size perovskite solar cells.

[0006] In some embodiments, the R group includes at least one of the following groups:

[0007]

[0008] In the technical solution of the embodiment of this application, Represents a "C-C" bond, one end of which is the C atom in the R group, and the other end is used to connect to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, and the R group is within the above range. The compound thus formed has a higher oil-water partition coefficient, so that the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in this application as an electron transport material is easier to coat and spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is conducive to the preparation of large-size perovskite solar cells.

[0009] In some embodiments, the chemical formula of the compound is:

[0010]

[0011] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound has the above compound structural formula, so that the compound has a higher oil-water partition coefficient, so that the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in the present application as an electron transport material is easier to coat and spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is conducive to the preparation of large-size perovskite solar cells.

[0012] In some embodiments, the compound has an oil-water partition coefficient greater than The oil-water partition coefficient.

[0013] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the oil-water partition coefficient of the compound is greater than that of the electron transport material. The oil-water partition coefficient of the present invention is higher than that of the commonly used electron transport materials C60 and PCBM, so that the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in the present invention as an electron transport material is easier to spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is beneficial to the preparation of large-sized perovskite solar cells.

[0014] In some embodiments, the compound has a LUMO energy level of -3.2 eV to -3.7 eV, and a HOMO energy level of less than -5.7 eV.

[0015] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the LUMO energy level of the compound is within the above range, which can match the LUMO energy level of the perovskite layer of a conventional perovskite solar cell, which is beneficial to electron transmission, and the HOMO energy level is within the above range, which can match the HOMO energy level of the perovskite layer of a conventional perovskite solar cell, which is beneficial to electron transmission and blocking holes.

[0016] In some embodiments, the alkane group is a C1-C4 alkane group.

[0017] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the alkane group is within the above-mentioned range, so that the alkane group has a suitable carbon chain length, and the compound formed thereby has a higher oil-water partition coefficient, so that the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in the present application as an electron transport material is easier to coat and spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is conducive to the preparation of large-size perovskite solar cells.

[0018] The second technical solution adopted in this application is to provide a method for preparing a compound, the method comprising: reacting 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde with The intermediate product reacts with fullerene and sarcosine to form a compound; wherein the compound includes a fullerene pyrrolidine group and an R group connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, and the R group includes at least one of an alkane group, a halogen group, an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl chloride group, a haloether group, an enone group, an amide group, and an amino ester group.

[0019] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the method is used to prepare the compound, with fewer reaction steps and purification steps, effectively reducing the synthesis cost and improving the efficiency of large-scale synthesis, paving the way for the industrialization of perovskite solar cells. By connecting an R group to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, the R group includes at least one of an alkane group, a halogen group, an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl chloride group, a haloether group, an enone group, an amide group, and an aminoester group, so that the perovskite solar cell containing the electron transport layer of the compound provided in the present application has a photoelectric conversion efficiency that is substantially equal to or better than that of the perovskite solar cell with an electron transport layer formed by an electron transport material in the related art. More importantly, the compound has a higher oil-water partition coefficient. Therefore, the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in the present application as an electron transport material is easier to spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is conducive to the preparation of large-sized perovskite solar cells.

[0020] In some embodiments, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde and In the step of reacting to form an intermediate product, the reaction solvent includes at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, and N-methylpyrrolidone, and the catalyst includes at least one of potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium cyanide, and sodium methoxide.

[0021] In the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, reaction solvents and catalysts within the above-mentioned ranges are used to form intermediate products, which provide a basis for forming the compounds provided in the present application.

[0022] In some embodiments, in the step of reacting the intermediate product with fullerene and sarcosine to generate a compound, the reaction solvent includes at least one of dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, and chloroform.

[0023] In the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the reaction solvent within the above range is a non-halogen solvent with low toxicity, high oil-water partition coefficient, and few impurities and by-products, thereby forming the compound provided in the present application.

[0024] The third technical solution adopted in the present application is: to provide a perovskite solar cell, the perovskite solar cell includes an electron transport layer, the electron transport layer includes the compound as described above or the compound prepared by the preparation method of the compound as described above.

[0025] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell is an inverted perovskite solar cell, which includes a first electrode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, and a second electrode stacked in sequence; or the perovskite solar cell is a formal perovskite solar cell, which includes a first electrode, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode stacked in sequence.

[0026] The fourth technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide an electrical device, which includes the perovskite solar cell as described above.

[0027] Since the device of the present application includes the perovskite solar cell provided by the present application, it has at least the same advantages as the perovskite solar cell.

[0028] The fifth technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide a power generation device, which includes the perovskite solar cell as described above.

[0029] Since the device of the present application includes the perovskite solar cell provided by the present application, it has at least the same advantages as the perovskite solar cell.

[0030] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical device according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a power generation device according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0035] In the attached figure:

[0036] 100. Perovskite solar cell; 11. Second electrode; 12. Electron transport layer; 13. Perovskite layer; 14. Hole transport layer; 15. First electrode; 1000. Power-consuming device; 2000. Power-generating device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0040] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0043] Perovskite solar cells are currently a promising technology and a hot topic of research due to their outstanding advantages, including high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost, and simple fabrication. They can be used in lunar rovers, satellite panels, various sensors and detectors, as well as in civilian products such as wearable electronics and automotive power supplies. In many ways, perovskite solar cells are becoming a power source for consumer products. With the continuous expansion of perovskite solar cell applications and the flexible and foldable nature of perovskite solar cells, market demand is also growing.

[0044] In existing perovskite solar cells, the electron transport material solution formed by the electron transport material used in related technologies during the preparation process of large-scale perovskite solar cells is not easy to coat and spread, which restricts the industrial development of large-scale perovskite solar cells.

[0045] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a compound for the electron transport layer of a perovskite solar cell, wherein the compound includes a fullerene pyrrolidine group and an R group connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, wherein the R group includes at least one of an alkane group, a halogen group, an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl chloride group, a haloether group, an enone group, an amide group, and an amino ester group.

[0046] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, an R group is connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, and the R group includes at least one of an alkane group, a halogen group, an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl chloride group, a haloether group, an enone group, an amide group, and an amino ester group. The present application provides a new material that can be used for an electron transport layer, and the perovskite solar cell provided by the present application containing the electron transport layer of the compound has a photoelectric conversion efficiency that is basically the same as or better than that of the perovskite solar cell with an electron transport layer formed by the electron transport material in the related art. In addition, the compound has a high oil-water partition coefficient. Therefore, the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided by the present application as an electron transport material is easier to coat and spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is conducive to the preparation of large-size perovskite solar cells.

[0047] The oil-water partition coefficient (Log P) is the logarithm of the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of the compound in the non-aqueous phase to the equilibrium concentration of its neutral form in the aqueous phase. The calculation formula is: Log P = Log (C o / C w ). Among them, C o represents the equilibrium concentration of the compound in the non-aqueous phase, C w The Log P value represents the equilibrium concentration of the neutral form of the compound in the aqueous phase. A larger Log P value indicates greater fat solubility. In the embodiment of the present application, the non-aqueous phase is n-octanol.

[0048] The oil-water partition coefficient (Log P) can be obtained according to the National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB / T21853-2008 "Partition Coefficient of Chemicals (n-Octanol-Water) Shake Flask Test".

[0049] In the compound embodiments provided in this application, the halogen group not only improves the oil-water partition coefficient of the compound, but also passivates iodine vacancies during the crystallization of the perovskite layer, thereby passivating the perovskite layer and reducing defects.

[0050] Ether, sulfonyl, phosphoryl chloride, haloether, enone, amide, and amino ester groups all have carbon-oxygen double bonds, which are beneficial for fixing lead ions, thereby passivating the perovskite layer and reducing defects.

[0051] Among the ether group, sulfonyl group, phosphoryl chloride group, haloether group, enone group, amide group and amino ester group, there are S elements, O elements and / or N elements. Since the S elements, O elements and / or N elements have lone pair electrons, they can also passivate divalent lead, thereby playing a role in passivating the perovskite layer and reducing defects.

[0052] The perovskite solar cells disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be used in electrical devices that utilize photoelectric conversion. The electrical devices may include, but are not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, power tools, electric vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, and the like. Electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, and spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, among others.

[0053] In some embodiments, the R group includes at least one of the following groups:

[0054]

[0055] In the technical solution of the embodiment of this application, Represents a "C-C" bond, one end of which is the C atom in the R group, and the other end is used to connect to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, and the R group is within the above range. The compound thus formed has a higher oil-water partition coefficient, so that the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in this application as an electron transport material is easier to coat and spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is conducive to the preparation of large-size perovskite solar cells.

[0056] In some embodiments, the chemical formula of the compound is:

[0057]

[0058] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound has the above compound structural formula, so that the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in the present application as an electron transport material is easier to coat and spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is conducive to the preparation of large-size perovskite solar cells.

[0059] It should be noted that the fullerenes described in this application include but are not limited to C60, C70, etc.

[0060] In some embodiments, the compound has an oil-water partition coefficient greater than The oil-water partition coefficient of (FMG).

[0061] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the oil-water partition coefficient of the compound is greater than that of the electron transport material. The oil-water partition coefficient of the present invention is higher than that of the commonly used electron transport materials C60 and PCBM, so that the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in the present invention as an electron transport material is easier to spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is beneficial to the preparation of large-sized perovskite solar cells.

[0062] In some embodiments, the compound has a LUMO energy level of -3.2 eV to -3.7 eV, and a HOMO energy level of less than -5.7 eV.

[0063] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the LUMO energy level of the compound is within the above range, which can match the LUMO energy level of the perovskite layer of a conventional perovskite solar cell, which is beneficial to electron transmission, and the HOMO energy level is within the above range, which can match the HOMO energy level of the perovskite layer of a conventional perovskite solar cell, which is beneficial to electron transmission and blocking holes.

[0064] In some embodiments, the alkane group is a C1-C4 alkane group.

[0065] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the alkane group is within the above-mentioned range, so that the alkane group has a suitable carbon chain length, and the compound formed thereby has a higher oil-water partition coefficient, so that the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in the present application as an electron transport material is easier to coat and spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is conducive to the preparation of large-size perovskite solar cells.

[0066] The second technical solution adopted in this application is to provide a method for preparing a compound, the method comprising: reacting 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde with The intermediate product reacts with fullerene and sarcosine to form a compound; wherein the compound includes a fullerene pyrrolidine group and an R group connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, and the R group includes at least one of an alkane group, a halogen group, an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl chloride group, a haloether group, an enone group, an amide group, and an amino ester group.

[0067] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the method is used to prepare the compound, with fewer reaction steps and purification steps, effectively reducing the synthesis cost and improving the efficiency of large-scale synthesis, paving the way for the industrialization of perovskite solar cells. By connecting an R group to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, the R group includes at least one of an alkane group, a halogen group, an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl chloride group, a haloether group, an enone group, an amide group, and an aminoester group, so that the perovskite solar cell containing the electron transport layer of the compound provided in the present application has a photoelectric conversion efficiency that is substantially equal to or better than that of the perovskite solar cell with an electron transport layer formed by an electron transport material in the related art. More importantly, the compound has a higher oil-water partition coefficient. Therefore, the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in the present application as an electron transport material is easier to spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, which is conducive to the preparation of large-sized perovskite solar cells.

[0068] The specific reaction formula for preparing the compound can be:

[0069]

[0070] In some embodiments, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde and In the step of reacting to form an intermediate product, the reaction solvent includes at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and the catalyst includes at least one of potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium cyanide, and sodium methoxide.

[0071] In the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, reaction solvents and catalysts within the above-mentioned ranges are used to form intermediate products, which provide a basis for forming the compounds provided in the present application.

[0072] In some embodiments, in the step of reacting the intermediate product with fullerene and sarcosine to generate a compound, the reaction solvent includes at least one of dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, and chloroform.

[0073] In the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the reaction solvent within the above range is a non-halogen solvent with low toxicity, high solubility, and few impurities and by-products, thereby forming the compound provided by the present application.

[0074] The third technical solution adopted in the present application is: providing a perovskite solar cell 100, the perovskite solar cell 100 includes an electron transport layer 12, and the electron transport layer 12 includes the compound as described above or a compound prepared by the preparation method of the compound as described above.

[0075] In some embodiments, reference Figure 1 The perovskite solar cell 100 is an inverted perovskite solar cell, which includes a first electrode 15, a hole transport layer 14, a perovskite layer 13, an electron transport layer 12 and a second electrode 11 arranged in sequence.

[0076] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell 100 is a formal perovskite solar cell, which includes a first electrode 15, an electron transport layer 12, a perovskite layer 13, a hole transport layer 14, and a second electrode 11 arranged in sequence.

[0077] The second electrode 11 is a metal electrode layer comprising an organic, inorganic, or mixed conductive material, including but not limited to the following materials: Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc. The thickness of the second electrode 11 is 10 to 1000 nm, and can be 10 nm, 220 nm, 335 nm, 380 nm, 470 nm, 660 nm, 880 nm, 1000 nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the foregoing values, for example, 10 to 970 nm, 240 to 370 nm, 320 to 580 nm, 440 to 770 nm, 280 to 920 nm, 420 to 990 nm, etc.

[0078] The compound described above is used as the electron transport layer 12, and the compound includes a fullerene pyrrolidine group and an R group connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group. The electron transport layer 12 can be directly dissolved in a solvent and covered on the surface of the perovskite layer 13 by spin coating, spray coating, blade coating or slit coating. The reaction solvent can be toluene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, etc., with a concentration of 20 to 100 mg / mL. The compound described above is used as the electron transport layer 12, and the thickness on the perovskite surface is 5 to 100 nm, which can be 5 nm, 15 nm, 21 nm, 35 nm, 48 nm, 66 nm, 89 nm, 100 nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, it can be 5 to 20 nm, 12 to 50 nm, 25 to 84 nm, 38 to 97 nm, 49 to 86 nm, 35 to 100 nm, etc.

[0079] The chemical formula of the perovskite layer 13 satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6, where A includes inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cations, which may be MA + , FA + 、Cs + At least one of; B includes an inorganic cation, which may be Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ At least one of; C includes inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cations, commonly Ag + 、Cu + 、Au + , FA + , GA + ; D includes inorganic cations, which can be Bi 3+ 、Sb 3+ , and In 3+ At least one of; X includes an inorganic anion, which may be Cl - Br - , I - At least one of.

[0080] The band gap of the perovskite layer 13 is 1.20 to 2.30 eV.

[0081] The thickness of the perovskite layer 13 is 200-1000 nm, which can be 200 nm, 260 nm, 320 nm, 398 nm, 468 nm, 632 nm, 834 nm, 1000 nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, it can be 200-970 nm, 240-370 nm, 360-590 nm, 450-760 nm, 240-990 nm, 480-970 nm, etc.

[0082] The hole transport layer 14 includes but is not limited to at least one of the following materials and their derivatives and materials obtained by doping or passivation: nickel oxide, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-anisyl)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphoric acid (Me-4Pacz), and other materials that have been patented or reported in the literature.

[0083] The first electrode 15 includes a conductive glass substrate, including but not limited to the following materials: FTO, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc. The thickness of the first electrode 15 is 10 to 1000 nm, which can be 10 nm, 55 nm, 103 nm, 358 nm, 480 nm, 650 nm, 890 nm, 1000 nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, it can be 10 to 20 nm, 60 to 150 nm, 100 to 520 nm, 400 to 790 nm, 28 to 900 nm, 200 to 980 nm, etc.

[0084] See Figure 2 , the present application also provides an electrical device 1000 , comprising the perovskite solar cell 100 as described above.

[0085] In the present application, the perovskite solar cell 100 serves as a power source for the electrical device 1000; alternatively, the perovskite solar cell 100 can serve as an energy storage unit for the electrical device 1000. For example, the electrical device 1000 can be a lighting element, a display element, or a car.

[0086] See also Figure 3 The present application further provides a power generation device 2000, comprising the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell 100. The power generation device 2000 can be used for generating electricity, and at least comprises the perovskite solar cell 100.

[0087] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will be further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present application and its applications. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0088] The perovskite solar cell 100 of the present application utilizes the aforementioned compound as the electron transport layer 12. The compound includes a fullerene pyrrolidine group and an R group connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group. This allows the perovskite solar cell provided herein to have an electron transport layer comprising the compound to have a photoelectric conversion efficiency substantially equal to or better than that of a perovskite solar cell comprising an electron transport layer formed of an electron transport material in the related art. More importantly, the compound has a high oil-water partition coefficient. Therefore, the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided herein as an electron transport material is easier to apply and spread during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, facilitating the preparation of large-scale perovskite solar cells. This novel perovskite solar cell 100 includes both formal and inverted perovskite solar cells.

[0089] The formal method for preparing the novel perovskite solar cell 100 includes the following steps:

[0090] Step 1: Etch and clean the first electrode, blow dry and set aside;

[0091] Step 2: preparing an electron transport layer on the first electrode;

[0092] Step 3: Preparing a perovskite layer on the electron transport layer;

[0093] Step 4: Prepare a hole transport layer on the perovskite layer;

[0094] Step 5: Prepare a second electrode on the hole transport layer.

[0095] The method for preparing the inverted novel perovskite solar cell 100 comprises the following steps:

[0096] Step 1: Etch and clean the first electrode, blow dry and set aside;

[0097] Step 2: preparing a hole transport layer on the first electrode;

[0098] Step 3: Preparing a perovskite layer on the hole transport layer;

[0099] Step 4: preparing an electron transport layer on the perovskite layer;

[0100] Step 5: Prepare a second electrode on the electron transport layer.

[0101] The preparation method of the compound used as the electron transport layer is as follows:

[0102]

[0103] Wherein, the R groups in reactants 1 to 11 are the following groups numbered 1 to 11:

[0104]

[0105] The following is an example of a method for preparing a novel inverted perovskite solar cell 100:

[0106] Example 1

[0107] (1) Take a 2.0 × 2.0 cm FTO conductive glass and remove 0.35 cm of FTO at each end by laser etching to expose the glass substrate;

[0108] (2) Ultrasonic cleaning of the etched FTO conductive glass was performed several times with water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol in sequence;

[0109] (3) The FTO conductive glass was blown dry with a nitrogen gun and placed in a UV ozone machine for further cleaning;

[0110] (4) NiOx was prepared on the FTO substrate after UV ozone treatment by magnetron sputtering. After preparation, it was annealed on a hot plate at 200°C for 20 minutes. The thickness of the formed NiOx layer was 20 nm.

[0111] (5) Weigh 1.6 mmol of lead iodide, 1.52 mmol of iodomethane, and 0.08 mmol of cesium iodide and dissolve them in 1 mL of a mixed solution of N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide with a volume ratio of 4:1, stir for 2 h, and filter with a 0.22 μm amphoteric filter membrane to obtain a perovskite precursor solution; spin-coat the perovskite precursor solution on the PTAA layer at 4000 rpm, anneal at 100 ° C for 10 minutes, and cool to room temperature, wherein the active material of the perovskite layer is CsFA system, and the thickness of the formed perovskite layer is 500 nm;

[0112] (6) A certain amount of compound 1 was weighed and dissolved in chlorobenzene to obtain an electron transport layer solution. The electron transport layer solution was spin-coated on the perovskite layer at 3000 rpm. After spin coating, the solution was annealed on a hot plate at 70°C for 5 minutes. 60 μL of a 0.5 mg / mL 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) isopropanol solution was applied to the electron transport layer at 5000 rpm. The thickness of the formed electron transport layer was 20 nm and the thickness of the BCP layer was 7 nm.

[0113] (7) The obtained wafer was placed in a vapor deposition machine and a metal electrode Ag 100 nm thick was vapor deposited to obtain a battery device 1.

[0114] Wherein, the preparation method of compound 1 is:

[0115] ① Synthesis of intermediate product A: 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde (10 mmol), potassium carbonate (40 mmol) and 30 ml of anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide were added to a three-necked flask, stirred at room temperature for half an hour, and then the mixture was heated to 70°C. Reactant 1 dissolved in 15 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was added. (33mmol), continue heating and stirring for 12h. After completion of the reaction, cool to room temperature. Use ethyl acetate for extraction, rinse the organic phase with saturated brine three times, dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and spin-dry the liquid to obtain intermediate product A as a yellow oil.

[0116] ②Synthesis of product B:

[0117] Intermediate product A (1 mmol), C60 (1.2 mmol), sarcosine (1.05 mmol), and 100 ml of dichlorobenzene were added to a three-necked flask. The mixture was deoxygenated with argon for half an hour and then heated to 110°C with stirring. After 5 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and the excess unreacted C60 was separated by column chromatography (toluene). The mobile phase was replaced with a gradient elution of dichloromethane and methanol to obtain a dark brown product B, i.e., compound 1. The H NMR spectrum of compound 1 was: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 6.96 (d, 1H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 4.31-3.77 (m, 12H), 3.40 (s, 9H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H).

[0118] Examples 2 to 11 are similar to Example 1, except that the raw materials of reactant 1 corresponding to compound 1 are adjusted. The R groups of the raw materials of reactants 2 to 11 corresponding to compounds 2 to 11 of Examples 2 to 11 are the groups numbered 2 to 11 as described above.

[0119] The H NMR spectra of compounds 2 to 11 are as follows:

[0120] Compound 2: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 6.96 (d, 1H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 4.45-4.42 (m, 12H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 9H).

[0121] Compound 3: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 6.96 (d, 1H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 4.31-3.52 (m, 24H), 3.40 (s, 9H), 2.78 (s, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H).

[0122] Compound 4: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 7.64 (d, 1H), 6.79 (d, 1H), 5.58 (s, 1H), 4.95 (s, 2H), 4.31-3.52 (m, 36H), 3.40 (s, 9H), 2.26 (s, 3H).

[0123] Compound 5: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 6.96 (d, 1H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 4.33-3.95 (m, 12H), 2.78 (s, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H).

[0124] Compound 6: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 6.86 (d, 1H), 6.45 (d, 1H), 4.15 (s, 1H), 4.23-3.85 (m, 12H), 2.68 (s, 2H), 2.06 (s, 3H).

[0125] Compound 7: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 6.96 (d, 1H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 4.31-3.52 (m, 36H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H).

[0126] Compound 8: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 6.96 (d, 1H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 6.48-6.40 (d, 6H), 4.42-4.52 (m, 12H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 2.78 (s, 2H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 9H).

[0127] Compound 9: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 7.64 (d, 1H), 6.79 (d, 1H), 6.76 (s, 3H), 5.58 (s, 1H), 4.95 (s, 2H), 4.40-3.04 (m, 24H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 27H).

[0128] Compound 10: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 6.96 (d, 1H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 4.31-1.75 (m, 30H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 3.23 (s, 9H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H).

[0129] Compound 11: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 6.96 (d, 1H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 4.31-1.50 (m, 36H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 3.23 (s, 9H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H).

[0130] Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are similar to Example 1, except that the electron transport layer is adjusted. The electron transport layers of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are PCBM, C60 and

[0131] The battery devices 1 to 14 obtained in the above Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to battery performance tests, and Table 1 was obtained.

[0132] Among them, the test of perovskite solar cells (IV test) uses Guangyan's solar simulator, which complies with the national standard IEC61215 for testing. The light intensity is calibrated using crystalline silicon solar cells to reach the intensity of one sun, AM 1.5. The battery is connected to a digital source meter to measure its photoelectric conversion efficiency under light.

[0133]

[0134]

[0135] It can be seen from the relevant data in Table 1 that the batteries of Examples 1 to 11 all use a compound containing a fullerene pyrrolidine group and an R group connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group as the electron transport layer of the trans device. The 3-day efficiency and 30-day efficiency of the device are basically the same or slightly higher than those of the comparative example. However, the oil-water partition coefficients of the compounds of Examples 1 to 11 are all higher than those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, indicating that the perovskite solar cell provided in the present application containing the electron transport layer of the compound has a photoelectric conversion efficiency that is basically the same as or better than that of the perovskite solar cell with an electron transport layer formed by the electron transport material in the related art. More importantly, the compound has a higher oil-water partition coefficient. Therefore, the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in the present application as the electron transport material has better spreadability and good film continuity during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, and is easier to coat and prepare, which is conducive to the preparation of large-size perovskite solar cells.

[0136] The following is an example of a formal method for preparing the novel perovskite solar cell 100:

[0137] Example 12

[0138] (1) Take a 2.0 × 2.0 cm FTO conductive glass and remove 0.35 cm of FTO at each end by laser etching to expose the glass substrate;

[0139] (2) Ultrasonic cleaning of the etched FTO conductive glass was performed several times with water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol in sequence;

[0140] (3) The FTO conductive glass was blown dry with a nitrogen gun and placed in a UV ozone machine for further cleaning;

[0141] (4) A certain amount of compound 2 was weighed and dissolved in chlorobenzene to obtain an electron transport layer solution. The electron transport layer solution was spin-coated on FTO at 3000 rpm. After spin coating, the solution was annealed on a hot plate at 70°C for 5 minutes. The thickness of the formed electron transport layer was 20 nm.

[0142] (5) Weigh 1.6 mmol of lead iodide, 1.52 mmol of iodomethane, and 0.08 mmol of cesium iodide and dissolve them in 1 ml of a mixed solution of N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide with a volume ratio of 4:1, stir for 2 hours, and filter with a 0.22 μm amphoteric filter membrane to obtain a perovskite precursor solution; spin-coat the perovskite precursor solution on the electron transport layer at 4000 rpm, anneal at 100°C for 10 minutes, and cool to room temperature, wherein the active material of the perovskite layer is a CsFA system, and the thickness of the formed perovskite layer is 500 nm;

[0143] (6) Prepare a 20 mg / mL NiOx solution and spin-coat it on the perovskite at 2000 rpm. After preparation, anneal it on a hot plate at 200 °C for 20 minutes. The thickness of the formed NiOx layer is 20 nm.

[0144] (7) The obtained wafer was placed in a vapor deposition machine and a 100 nm thick metal electrode Ag was deposited to obtain a battery device.

[0145] Example 13 and Example 14 are similar to Example 12, except that Compounds 9 and 10 are used in Example 13 and Example 14 respectively.

[0146] Cell devices 15-17 obtained in Examples 12-14 above were subjected to cell performance testing, as shown in Table 2. The perovskite solar cell test (IV test) was conducted using a Guangyan solar simulator, which complies with the national standard IEC61215. A crystalline silicon solar cell was used to calibrate the light intensity to the intensity of one sun, AM 1.5. The cell was connected to a digital source meter, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency was measured under illumination.

[0147]

[0148] It can be seen from the relevant data in Table 2 that the batteries of Examples 12 to 14 all use a compound containing a fullerene pyrrolidine group and an R group connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group as the electron transport layer of the formal device, so that the electron transport material solution formed by the compound provided in this application as the electron transport material has better spreadability during the preparation process of the electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell, good film continuity, and is easier to coat and spread, which is conducive to the preparation of large-size perovskite solar cells.

[0149] The above description is only an implementation method of the present application and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the description and drawings of this application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A compound, characterized in that The compound is used for the electron transport layer of a perovskite solar cell, and the compound includes a fullerene pyrrolidine group and an R group connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, wherein the R group includes at least one of an alkane group, a halogen group, an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl chloride group, a haloether group, a ketone group, an amide group, and an amino ester group.

2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein The R group includes at least one of the following groups:

3. The compound according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The chemical structural formula of the compound is:

4. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The oil-water partition coefficient of the compound is greater than The oil-water partition coefficient.

5. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The LUMO energy level of the compound is -3.2 eV to -3.7 eV, and the HOMO energy level is less than -5.7 eV. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the alkane group is a C1 to C4 alkane group.

7. A method for preparing a compound, characterized in that: include: 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde and reaction to form an intermediate product; The intermediate product reacts with fullerene and sarcosine to generate the compound; The compound includes a fullerene pyrrolidine group and an R group connected to the fullerene pyrrolidine group, and the R group includes at least one of an alkane group, a halogen group, an ether group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl chloride group, a haloether group, an enone group, an amide group, and an amino ester group.

8. The method for preparing the compound according to claim 7, wherein In the presence of 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde In the step of reacting to form an intermediate product, the reaction solvent includes at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, and N-methylpyrrolidone, and the catalyst includes at least one of potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium cyanide, and sodium methoxide.

9. The method for preparing the compound according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: In the step of reacting the intermediate product with fullerene and sarcosine to generate the compound, the reaction solvent includes at least one of dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, toluene and chloroform.

10. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell includes an electron transport layer, and the electron transport layer includes the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the compound prepared by the method for preparing the compound according to any one of claims 7 to 8.

11. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 10, wherein The perovskite solar cell is an inverted perovskite solar cell, which comprises a first electrode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, the electron transport layer and a second electrode stacked in sequence; or The perovskite solar cell is a formal perovskite solar cell, which includes a first electrode, the electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer and a second electrode stacked in sequence.

12. An electrical device, characterized in that: Comprising the perovskite solar cell according to claim 10 or 11.

13. A power generation device, characterized in that: Comprising the perovskite solar cell according to claim 10 or 11.

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