Sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses a sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system, and belongs to the technical field of remote sensing monitoring. The system provides functions, parameter constraints and cooperation relations of space-based, empty-based and foundation chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition and data analysis processing and application modules. Spatial scale matching, spectral scale matching, observation angle matching and atmospheric element matching are performed on the acquired sky-ground multi-element data with different scales, so that reflection characteristics, heat dissipation, photochemical indexes, fluorescence emission and atmospheric transmission characteristics during vegetation photosynthesis can be completely acquired; the invention provides a parameter relation and a method for extracting a fluorescence full-spectrum radiation information curve based on oxygen absorption and Fraunhofer dark line. On the basis of sky and landmark calibration and model verification, chlorophyll fluorescence detection of different fineness degrees of global large-range, key areas and ground crown planting scales can be carried out, various stress effects of vegetation can be monitored in real time, and the primary total productivity of the vegetation can be accurately estimated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing monitoring, and in particular relates to a sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a weak light signal released by plants during photosynthesis. Its intensity is closely related to the photosynthetic efficiency, stress status, and environmental adaptability of vegetation. As a direct probe of vegetation physiological status, SIF has unique value in agricultural yield estimation, ecosystem carbon cycle monitoring, and global climate change research. However, existing SIF monitoring technology still faces multiple technical bottlenecks, making it difficult to meet the needs of high-precision, multi-scale operational applications.

[0003] The main challenge in current SIF monitoring is that its signal is extremely weak, typically accounting for only 1%-5% of the vegetation reflectance signal, and is susceptible to interference from complex environmental factors. For example, aerosols and water vapor in the atmosphere can significantly affect the radiation transmission process. Especially in the 400-850 nm band, the polarization effect of aerosols can cause polarization changes of up to 58.6%, thereby introducing radiometric calibration errors. While existing spaceborne sensors can achieve SIF detection within a certain range, due to insufficient spectral resolution (typically ≥1 nm) and limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR < 200), it is difficult to accurately capture the subtle features of the fluorescence signal. This results in inversion errors generally exceeding 10%, which cannot meet the accuracy requirements of precision agricultural and ecological monitoring.

[0004] In terms of observation methods, existing technologies have yet to form an integrated, coordinated monitoring system across the sky and ground. While space-based observations offer wide coverage, their spatial resolution is generally low, making it difficult to capture small-scale fluorescence changes, such as in farmland or forest patches. Calibration and model verification are also lacking to support the refined application of observational data. Furthermore, bandwidth limitations result in long revisit cycles, making them incapable of meeting the needs of rapid, dynamic vegetation monitoring. While airborne systems (such as drones or airborne platforms) can provide meter-level resolution data, their coverage is limited and they lack synchronized atmospheric parameter measurements (such as water vapor content and aerosol optical depth) with satellite-based data, making multi-source data fusion difficult. While portable ground-based devices (such as photosynthetic meters) can acquire high-precision single-point data, they lack representativeness and are difficult to match with remote sensing imagery, hindering model validation and scaling.

[0005] Furthermore, existing systems have significant shortcomings in understanding photosynthetic mechanisms. The bimodal SIF emission at 685 nm (primarily dominated by photosynthetic system II) and 740 nm (primarily dominated by photosynthetic system I) is crucial for understanding plant energy allocation. However, existing technologies struggle to effectively separate the contributions of these two systems, limiting in-depth elucidation of the intrinsic relationship between fluorescence and photosynthesis. Furthermore, plant fluorescence dynamics are directly influenced by canopy temperature, and most existing systems lack a synchronized thermal infrared observation module (temperature inversion accuracy must be better than 1 K). This inability to effectively detect and quantify heat dissipation, which is crucial for photosynthesis, further hinders detailed interpretation of the biochemical processes of plant photosynthesis and quantitative interpretation of weak fluorescence emission signals. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system, which achieves precise matching of Fraunhofer line regions through ultra-high spectral resolution (better than 0.3 nm) and dynamically adjustable sampling technology. It combines multi-platform collaborative observations (space-based, air-based, and ground-based) to ensure the temporal and spatial consistency of data, and integrates thermal infrared, multi-angle polarization, and atmospheric parameter measurement modules to comprehensively improve the SIF inversion accuracy and application potential, providing a full-factor, high-precision technical solution for vegetation photosynthesis research and global carbon sink assessment.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system, comprising a space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, an airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, a ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and a data analysis, processing, and application module;

[0009] The space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, the air-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module and the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module respectively acquire the chlorophyll fluorescence information of the surface vegetation of the site from different scales and elements of the space-based, air-based and ground-based systems, and transmit the information to the data analysis, processing and application module for processing, thereby realizing multi-source data fusion of different scales and elements of the space-based, air-based and ground-based systems, forming a standardized daylight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence remote sensing data set, and realizing integrated sky-ground daylight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring.

[0010] Preferably, the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module includes a satellite platform and a satellite-borne optical payload, wherein the satellite-borne optical payload is carried on the satellite platform and includes:

[0011] Spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module: Its spectral range covers 650-800nm. The spectral resolution can be freely combined through on-orbit programming of spectral channels, achieving different spectral resolutions at different wavelengths, with the highest spectral resolution better than 0.05nm. The spectral calibration uncertainty is better than 0.02nm, ensuring that the spectral sampling position of the imaging module accurately matches the peaks and valleys of the solar Fraunhofer dark line absorption. It is used to obtain space-based surface reflection information of the sun.

[0012] Spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module: Its spectral range covers 500-800nm. The spectral resolution can be freely combined through on-orbit programming of spectral channels, so that the imaging module has different spectral resolutions at different wavelengths, with the highest spectral resolution of 2-5nm. It is used to obtain fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation at a space-based scale.

[0013] Spaceborne infrared imaging module: Its temperature inversion accuracy is better than 1K; it is used to obtain thermal infrared information of plant canopies at a space-based scale;

[0014] Spaceborne atmospheric measurement module: with no less than 4 polarization observation angles and no less than 9 spectral channels; used to obtain atmospheric parameters of plant canopies at space-based scale.

[0015] Preferably, the onboard hyperspectral imaging module, onboard hyperspectral imaging module, onboard infrared imaging module and onboard atmospheric measurement module are kept parallel to the main visual axis, and imaging synchronization is achieved through a unified second pulse to achieve observation field of view and pixel matching of the four payloads.

[0016] Preferably, the satellite platform is at least one of a geosynchronous orbit satellite platform, a sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform, and a low-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform. The geosynchronous orbit satellite platform is used to achieve real-time observation of changes in chlorophyll fluorescence information intensity in the same area within the subsatellite field of view; the sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform is used to achieve chlorophyll fluorescence observation of surface vegetation under the same lighting conditions; and the low-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform is used to obtain changes in chlorophyll fluorescence of surface vegetation at different phases throughout the day.

[0017] Among them, the sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform includes a morning observation satellite platform and an afternoon observation satellite platform, and the sub-satellite observation trajectories of the morning observation satellite platform and the afternoon observation satellite platform coincide with each other; the running orbit of the morning observation satellite platform and the local time of the equatorial intersection are within the morning chlorophyll fluorescence emission peak time interval, which can be used to observe the sum of surface background information and vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence emission information; the running orbit of the afternoon observation satellite platform and the local time of the equatorial intersection are within the afternoon chlorophyll fluorescence emission trough time interval, which can be used to observe pure surface background information.

[0018] Preferably, the airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module includes an aviation flight platform and an airborne optical payload, wherein the airborne optical payload is carried on the aviation flight platform and includes:

[0019] Airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module: Its spectral range covers 650-800nm; spectral resolution is better than 0.02nm; spectral calibration uncertainty is 0.01nm; spatial resolution is better than 4m@2km; it is used to obtain fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation at an airborne scale;

[0020] Airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module: Its spectral range covers 500-800nm; the spectral resolution is 2-3nm; the spatial resolution is better than 1m@2km; it is used to obtain airborne-scale surface reflectance information of the sun;

[0021] Airborne infrared imaging module: Its temperature inversion accuracy is better than 1K; its spatial resolution is better than 1m@2km; it is used to obtain thermal infrared information of plant canopies at an airborne scale;

[0022] Airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module: with no fewer than four polarization observation angles and no fewer than nine spectral channels; used to obtain radiation information transmitted upward from the ground in the observation area to the altitude of the aviation flight platform from the airborne base, and to obtain real-time upward atmospheric radiation data along the observation path by obtaining ground reflected radiation information at different platform altitudes;

[0023] Airborne upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module: with no less than 4 polarization observation angles and no less than 9 spectral channels; used to obtain sky radiation information within the coverage area of ​​the observation area from the airborne base, and obtain real-time atmospheric radiation information and all-sky background radiation information from the aviation flight platform to the outside of the atmosphere, and then obtain real-time downlink atmospheric radiation data on the observation path from the satellite platform to the airborne platform.

[0024] Preferably, the main visual axes of the airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, airborne infrared imaging module and airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module remain parallel, achieving observation field of view and pixel matching of the four payloads; the airborne upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module is installed on the top of the aircraft, with the main visual axis upward, opposite to the above-mentioned payloads.

[0025] Preferably, the aviation flight platform needs to be configured with a stable platform to reduce impact on the load and imaging blur.

[0026] Preferably, the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module is located on the ground of the site and includes:

[0027] Ground fluorescence measurement equipment: including portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging modules, photosynthetic meters and other equipment; through continuous observation and patrol observation, the fluorescence information, spectral information and temperature information of the continuous time series at the canopy scale and the fluorescence information, spectral information and temperature information of the continuous time series at the ground leaf scale are obtained;

[0028] Ground-based atmospheric measurement equipment: including a sun photometer with no less than 9 spectral channels and 2 polarization angles; used to continuously record solar illumination intensity, total sky radiation information, atmospheric water vapor content, and atmospheric aerosol content data at different times of the day.

[0029] Ground environment measurement equipment: includes carbon flux meters, soil monitors, and temperature, humidity, and pressure data acquisition equipment, which are used to continuously record temperature, humidity, pressure, carbon flux in vegetation growth areas, and soil organic matter and water content in vegetation growth environments.

[0030] Preferably, the data analysis, processing and application module includes a fluorescence information preprocessing module, a fluorescence information inversion and matching module and a fluorescence information application module;

[0031] The fluorescence information preprocessing module preprocesses the space-based, air-based, and ground-based information obtained by the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, the air-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module to obtain entrance pupil radiance information at a satellite observation scale, entrance pupil radiance information at an aerial observation scale, entrance pupil radiance information at a ground observation scale, and a sky-ground integrated observation atmospheric remote sensing dataset and a synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset, thereby forming a sky-ground remote sensing observation radiance dataset;

[0032] The fluorescence information inversion and matching module includes a fluorescence information processing and inversion function and a sky-ground different scale multi-factor matching function, wherein the fluorescence information processing and inversion function uses the sky-ground integrated observation atmospheric remote sensing dataset and the synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset as input, first outputs atmospheric parameters such as water vapor content and aerosol optical depth, then uses the atmospheric inversion algorithm module to invert the entrance pupil radiance information of the satellite observation scale, the aerial observation scale and the ground observation scale, and outputs the fluorescence spectrum radiance information and background reflectance information of the satellite observation scale, the aerial observation scale and the ground observation scale respectively, finally uses the sky-ground different scale multi-factor matching function to match the spatial scale, spectral scale and observation angle of the fluorescence spectrum radiance information and background reflectance information of the satellite observation scale, the aerial observation scale and the ground observation scale obtained above, to form a standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset;

[0033] The fluorescence information application module includes a consistency transfer calibration function and a multi-scale photosynthesis model application function, wherein the consistency transfer calibration function requires the use of a standardized sky-to-ground fluorescence remote sensing data set that is synchronously observed by satellite, aviation, and ground on objects of the same name. The data set is used for common benchmark consistency calibration, authenticity verification, and quantitative accuracy evaluation of different sky and ground observation platforms according to the different observed objects; the multi-scale photosynthesis model application function uses the continuously acquired standardized sky-to-ground fluorescence remote sensing data set from satellite, aviation, and ground, and specifically matches the standardized ground-based data and air-based data in the data set to construct a small-scale photosynthesis model. Within a certain range, the constructed small-scale photosynthesis model is iteratively verified with the ground-controllable experimental variables and standardized ground-based data obtained from the test site; further, by matching and using standardized ground-based data, air-based data and space-based data, a large-scale photosynthesis model is obtained through deep learning and model upscaling conversion. On a global scale, the large-scale photosynthesis model is iteratively verified through standardized air-based data and small-scale photosynthesis models obtained within a certain range, so as to continuously expand the spatial coverage of fluorescence observation products, improve the spatial resolution of fluorescence observation products, accumulate time series data, and improve the accuracy of fluorescence and plant physiology correlation models.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] The present invention obtains chlorophyll fluorescence information of surface vegetation on a site from different scales and elements of space-based, air-based, and ground-based data, respectively. Multi-source data fusion of different scales and elements of space-based, air-based, and ground-based data is achieved through data analysis, processing, and application modules. This allows for matching of spatial scales, spectral scales, observation angles, and atmospheric elements. This allows for complete acquisition of the reflectance characteristics, heat dissipation, emitted fluorescence, and atmospheric transmission characteristics of vegetation during photosynthesis, enabling the formation of more accurate vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence full-spectrum radiation information curves. Various application data products are obtained through data inversion, along with standardized sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence remote sensing datasets. This enables integrated sky-ground sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring, enabling real-time monitoring of various stress effects on vegetation and accurate estimation of vegetation primary gross productivity.

[0036] The space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module of the present invention achieves parallelism between the main viewing axes of four payloads and synchronizes imaging through unified second pulses. This allows for matching the observation fields and pixels of the four payloads. It can acquire information on the surface's solar reflection, fluorescence emission from surface vegetation, thermal infrared information from plant canopies, and atmospheric radiation within the same field of view. This allows for more accurate inversion of fluorescence information from grasslands, forests, crops, and other vegetation, better reflecting vegetation health and interpreting the impact of stress effects. This allows for a better understanding of the energy balance after vegetation absorbs light energy, and enhances the interpretability of vegetation physiological information. This contributes to the subsequent extraction and separation of PS I and PS II, achieving decoupling of vegetation photosynthetic systems and better explaining the inherent mechanisms and laws of fluorescence-based crop productivity estimation.

[0037] The airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module described in the present invention is equipped with an airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module and an airborne upward-looking full-sky atmospheric measurement module, which can effectively obtain the real-time total radiation energy of the entire sky and the real-time uplink and downlink atmospheric radiation data on the observation path, and invert the airborne full-atmosphere path parameters. Together with the atmospheric parameters obtained by the satellite-borne atmospheric measurement module of the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module and the ground-based atmospheric measurement equipment of the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, the sky-ground integrated observation of atmospheric parameters is formed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the composition of a sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a curve diagram of the solar Fraunhofer KI absorption line and fluorescence TOA signal near 770nm;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a comparison of vegetation reflectance and fluorescence radiance within the oxygen absorption band;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the structure of the onboard optical payload;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a collaborative workflow diagram for onboard optical payloads;

[0043] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the data analysis, processing and application modules of the sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the practical application of the sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system of the present invention.

[0045] Reference numerals:

[0046] 1-Spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module; 2-Spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module; 3-Spaceborne infrared imaging module; 4-Spaceborne atmospheric measurement module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Where specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the procedures were carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system of the present invention includes a space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, an airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, a ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module and a data analysis, processing and application module.

[0049] The space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module consists of a satellite platform and an onboard optical payload, and is used to obtain surface solar reflection information, fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation, thermal infrared information of plant canopies, and atmospheric radiation information. The acquired information is uniformly transmitted by the satellite platform to the data analysis, processing, and application module for processing, thereby inverting accurate fluorescence information of vegetation such as grasslands, forests, and crops. This can better reflect the health status of vegetation, interpret the influence of stress effects, better understand the energy balance of vegetation after absorbing light energy, and improve the interpretability of vegetation physiological information. It also contributes to the subsequent extraction and separation of PS I and PS II, realizes the decoupling of vegetation light systems, and better explains the inherent mechanisms and laws of fluorescence estimation of crop productivity.

[0050] Preferably, the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module of the present invention has a spatial resolution of ground observation that is better than 240 m. This resolution can obtain SIF information of typical vegetation patches at a smaller scale while ensuring a larger coverage range, and can be effectively applied to the detailed observation and research of vegetation such as forests, grasslands, and plain crops.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, the satellite-borne optical payload of the present invention includes a satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 1, a satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 2, a satellite-borne infrared imaging module 3 and a satellite-borne atmospheric measurement module 4. Figure 5As shown, the satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 2 calculates the photochemical index, leaf area index and vegetation index by obtaining vegetation reflectance, the satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 1 calculates chlorophyll fluorescence and decomposes PSI fluorescence and PSII fluorescence, the satellite-borne infrared imaging module 3 obtains vegetation canopy temperature, and the satellite-borne atmospheric measurement module 4 obtains atmospheric polarized radiation data, atmospheric water vapor and aerosol data. After summarizing the above data, a photosynthesis remote sensing model is established, which is applied to various application models such as drought monitoring, pest and disease monitoring, crop yield estimation monitoring, and primary productivity estimation. The satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 1, the satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 2, the satellite-borne infrared imaging module 3 and the satellite-borne atmospheric measurement module 4 of the present invention achieve imaging synchronization through a unified second pulse synchronization time. The satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 1, the satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 2 and the satellite-borne infrared imaging module 3 are parallel to the main visual axis of the satellite-borne atmospheric measurement module 4, achieving observation field and pixel matching of the four imaging modules.

[0052] The spectral range of the satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 1 of the present invention is 650-800nm, which completely covers the emission range of chlorophyll fluorescence. The continuous wide coverage of the spectral range can greatly improve the fluorescence inversion accuracy and interpretation ability. Since the fluorescence information band includes the oxygen A / B absorption bands near 690nm and 760nm, Figure 3 As shown in the figure, within the oxygen absorption band, the characteristic that fluorescence information undergoes less atmospheric transmission than surface reflected light information can be used to establish the fluorescence radiance equation at TOC:

[0053] ;

[0054] The absorption band TOA entrance pupil radiance is high, with a typical value of 70mW;

[0055] The absorption band TOA entrance pupil radiance is low, with a typical value of 10mW;

[0056] It is the high value of atmospheric radiation in the absorption band;

[0057] It is the low value of atmospheric radiation in the absorption band;

[0058] The high value of atmospheric transmittance of the absorption band is taken as 0.65;

[0059] is the low value of atmospheric transmittance of the absorption band, which is taken as 0.24;

[0060] K is the peak-to-valley absorptivity ratio / ;

[0061] Calculate partial differentials to analyze the impact of various errors on the accuracy of fluorescence inversion:

[0062] ;

[0063] Absolute radiometric calibration accuracy Take 2%;

[0064] Radiation accuracy Take 5%;

[0065] When the signal-to-noise ratio of the fluorescence detection system is better than 180, the low-end The information 10mW changes less than 0.032mW, which meets the fluorescence inversion accuracy. Better than 10% of application requirements.

[0066] The present invention's spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 1 has a maximum spectral resolution of 0.02-0.05 nm. This module, designed for spaceborne hyperspectral remote sensing, addresses the high spectral resolution requirements of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (CFL) detection. It can invert CFL using Fraunhofer absorption dark lines with a wavelength band width of 0.1-10 nm. Spectral resolution can be freely combined through on-orbit programming, achieving varying spectral resolutions at different wavelengths. Furthermore, this ultra-high spectral resolution improves the robustness of the inversion.

[0067] The satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 1 of the present invention has a spectral calibration uncertainty of 0.01 nm, ensuring accurate matching of the spectral sampling position with the solar Fraunhofer dark line absorption peaks and valleys. The satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 1 can be configured with different spectral resolutions at different spectral positions, matching the different bandwidths of the characteristic spectral absorption peaks and valleys at corresponding wavelengths. This achieves optimal decoupling of vegetation reflectance and emitted fluorescence information, facilitating the acquisition of more accurate full-spectrum fluorescence radiation signal curves.

[0068] When the atmospheric transmittance is relatively flat in the band, the Fraunhofer dark line filling inversion method can be used to obtain fluorescence information. According to the Fraunhofer line filling effect, the fluorescence radiance equation at TOC is established:

[0069] ;

[0070] is the TOA entrance pupil radiance outside the Fe Fraunhofer line absorption band;

[0071] is the entrance pupil radiance within the Fe Fraunhofer line absorption band;

[0072] is atmospheric radiation;

[0073] is the atmospheric transmittance, which is taken as 0.8;

[0074] The peak-to-valley ratio of the Fraunhofer line Fe at 758.81 nm is 1.5 to 4 for different absorption lines, and the typical value is 2 for analysis;

[0075] Calculate partial differentials to analyze the impact of various errors on the accuracy of fluorescence inversion:

[0076] ;

[0077] Absolute radiometric calibration accuracy Take 2%;

[0078] Radiation accuracy Take 5%;

[0079] When the signal-to-noise ratio of the fluorescence detection system is better than 150, The signal 45mW changes less than 0.03mW, meeting the fluorescence inversion accuracy. Better than 10% of the application requirements. For example, in Fe (near 758nm), Figure 2 At solar Fraunhofer lines such as KI (near 771 nm), the spectral resolution can be set to a maximum of 0.03 nm. This spectral resolution captures the true and complete peaks and valleys of the Fraunhofer lines in the atmospheric transmission band, allowing for accurate inversion of the fluorescence radiance at that wavelength. For example, at oxygen absorption locations near 761 nm, the spectral resolution can be set to 0.2-0.3 nm. This spectral resolution captures the true and complete peaks and valleys of the oxygen absorption band, allowing for accurate inversion of the fluorescence radiance at that wavelength. Using these different spectral resolution settings, combined with corresponding fluorescence inversion methods, fluorescence radiation information can be obtained for several spectral positions covering the entire 650-800 nm range, which can be used to reconstruct the full fluorescence spectrum.

[0080] The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 2 covers a spectral range of 500-800 nm. As auxiliary data, it can accurately obtain information such as the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) (as shown below) and vegetation physiological parameters, significantly helping to resolve the complex nonlinear relationship between fluorescence and photosynthesis. The highest spectral resolution is 2-5 nm. Spectral channels can be freely merged through on-orbit programming to achieve different spectral resolutions at different wavelengths. Its spatial resolution is better than 60 nm, four times higher than that of spaceborne hyperspectral imaging. The spaceborne hyperspectral imaging module 2 of the present invention can accurately obtain the photochemical index (PRI) and vegetation chlorophyll content and leaf area index within this wavelength range. The PRI is strongly correlated with photosynthetic heat dissipation (NPQ), while fluorescence is closely related to chlorophyll content and vegetation cover. This allows for fitting the nonlinear relationship between fluorescence and photosynthesis.

[0081] ;

[0082] Where, Represent the reflectance at the measurement bands of 531 nm and 570 nm, respectively.

[0083] The satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 1 and the satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging module 2 of the present invention have different spectral resolutions and spectral ranges. By partially overlapping the spectral segments of the two imaging modules, strict spectral alignment of the two imaging modules is achieved.

[0084] Since all physiological processes of vegetation are affected by canopy temperature, the temperature inversion accuracy of the satellite-borne infrared imaging module 3 is better than 1K, which is used to interpret the dynamic changes of photosynthesis affected by the observed chlorophyll fluorescence.

[0085] The satellite-borne atmospheric measurement module 4 has no fewer than four polarization angles and no fewer than nine spectral channels, and is capable of inverting atmospheric parameters such as water vapor and aerosol optical depth. It is used to obtain atmospheric scattered radiation information along the entire path within the observation area. Based on the changes in polarization state with scattering angle and other parameters, and by analyzing the measured polarization characteristics, it can quantitatively invert the shape, size, refractive index, and optical depth of aerosol particles, thereby obtaining atmospheric scattering and polarization information along the entire path. Using the multi-angle satellite-borne atmospheric measurement module 4, parameters such as water vapor content and aerosol optical depth can be obtained with high precision. By performing high-precision atmospheric correction on remote sensing data acquired from morning and afternoon satellites and then performing a differential analysis, radiance information for the fluorescence emission component of the total vegetation radiance information can be obtained.

[0086] The satellite-borne atmospheric measurement module 4 has the functions of real-time, common-line-of-sight measurement and inversion of atmospheric parameters in the observation area. For atmospheres that change at the minute level, the accuracy of synchronous parameter acquisition can meet the requirements.

[0087] The satellite platform includes at least one of a geosynchronous orbit satellite platform, a sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform, and a low-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform; the geosynchronous orbit satellite platform is used to realize real-time observation of the intensity changes of chlorophyll fluorescence information in the same area within the field of view of the sub-satellite point; the sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform is used to realize chlorophyll fluorescence observation of global surface vegetation under the same lighting conditions; and the low-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform is used to obtain chlorophyll fluorescence changes of global surface vegetation at different phases within a day.

[0088] The sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform includes a morning observation satellite platform and an afternoon observation satellite platform. The morning observation satellite platform's orbit intersects the equator during the morning chlorophyll fluorescence emission peak time period, allowing it to observe the sum of surface background information and vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence emission information. The afternoon observation satellite platform's orbit intersects the equator during the afternoon chlorophyll fluorescence emission trough time period, allowing it to observe pure surface background information. The sub-satellite observation trajectories of the morning and afternoon observation satellite platforms overlap. The morning and afternoon observation satellite platforms pass over the same ground location 2-6 hours apart, and the vegetation reflectance is assumed to be constant during this time. The only differences in information acquired by the morning and afternoon observation satellite platforms are differences in real-time atmospheric aerosol composition, water vapor content, reflection information introduced by varying solar illumination angles, and fluorescence emission information. Using the onboard atmospheric measurement module 4, high-precision parameters such as water vapor content and aerosol optical depth can be obtained. By normalizing the remote sensing data acquired by the morning and afternoon observation satellite platforms for solar illumination angles and performing high-precision atmospheric radiation correction, the difference can be used to obtain radiance information for chlorophyll fluorescence emission of surface vegetation. Sun-synchronous orbit satellite platforms can shorten the revisit period for the same location by increasing the number of satellites.

[0089] The low-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform can change the range of the north-south latitude range covered by the satellite's earth observation by adjusting the satellite's orbital inclination; it can also change the phase difference between the orbit and the Earth's rotation by changing the orbital altitude. The above two factors work together to change the revisit period of the observation area. Usually, inclined orbit satellites can only observe the same area during the day or at night for dozens of days. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a network of no less than 6 satellites for observation, which can achieve high-frequency coverage observation of low-latitude vegetation-rich areas.

[0090] The airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, comprised of an aerial platform and an onboard optical payload, is designed to acquire information on solar reflection from the Earth's surface, fluorescence emission from surface vegetation, thermal infrared information from plant canopies, as well as atmospheric radiation from the Earth's surface to the flight altitude and from the flight altitude to the top of the atmosphere. The acquired information is stored by the aerial platform and then transmitted to the data analysis, processing, and application module for processing.

[0091] The onboard optical payload includes an onboard high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, an onboard high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, an onboard infrared imaging module, an onboard downward-looking atmospheric measurement module, and an onboard upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module. During integration and installation on the flight platform, the primary viewing axes of the three imaging modules are aligned, ensuring strict alignment of their fields of view and pixels.

[0092] Preferably, the airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module of the present invention has a spectral range of 650-800nm; a spectral resolution better than 0.02nm; a spectral calibration uncertainty of 0.01nm; a spatial resolution of 4m@2km; and is used to obtain fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation at an airborne scale; the airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module of the present invention has a spectral range of 500-800nm; a spectral resolution of 2-3nm; a spatial resolution of 1m@2km; and is used to obtain airborne surface reflection information of the sun; the airborne infrared imaging module of the present invention has a degree of inversion accuracy better than 1K; a spatial resolution of 1m@2km; and is used to obtain airborne-scale thermal infrared information of plant canopies. When the resolution of the airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module reaches the meter level, on the one hand, it can obtain observation data with a resolution better than ten meters required for agricultural and forestry engineering planning, small-area crop observation data in fragmented farmland in southern mountainous areas, and meter-level observation data required for high-standard farmland in precision agriculture, directly meeting the needs of higher-precision remote sensing in a small range; on the other hand, it can be used in conjunction with the data of the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module and the data of the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module to identify the sub-pixel level information distribution in the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information at a higher resolution scale, better realize the calibration of the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and become a data bridge for establishing benchmark transmission between ground-based precision data and space-based long-distance remote sensing data.

[0093] The airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module is used to obtain radiation information transmitted upward from the ground at the altitude of the aviation flight platform covered by the observation area. The downward-looking atmospheric measurement module of the aviation flight platform payload obtains ground reflected radiation information from the underlying surface to different platform altitudes, and then obtains real-time upward atmospheric radiation data on the observation path.

[0094] The airborne upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module is used to obtain sky radiation information within the observation area. By acquiring real-time atmospheric radiation information and all-sky background radiation information from the aircraft flight platform to the outer atmosphere, it further obtains real-time downlink atmospheric radiation data along the observation path from the satellite platform to the airborne platform. The downlink atmospheric radiation information obtained by the airborne upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module and the uplink radiation information obtained by the airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module are fused and inverted by the data analysis, processing and application module to obtain segmented atmospheric path parameters and full atmospheric path parameters. The obtained segmented atmospheric path parameters can be used for atmospheric correction and signal inversion of the data obtained by the airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module itself. The calculated full atmospheric path parameters can be cross-checked with the full path atmospheric parameters directly obtained by the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module to correct space-based errors.

[0095] The ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module includes ground fluorescence measurement equipment, ground atmosphere measurement equipment and ground environment measurement equipment. The ground fluorescence measurement equipment is established in different experimental sites such as farmland, forest, grassland, etc. The ground fluorescence measurement equipment obtains the fluorescence information, spectral information and temperature information of the continuous time series of the crown scale and the fluorescence information, spectral information and temperature information of the continuous time series of the ground leaf scale through continuous observation and patrol observation. The ground atmosphere measurement equipment is established in an area with a good field of view within the experimental site, and it is necessary to avoid vegetation obstruction. The ground atmosphere measurement continuously records the solar illumination intensity, total sky radiation information, atmospheric water vapor content, and atmospheric aerosol content information at different times of the day by observing the sun. The ground environment measurement equipment is used to continuously record the temperature, humidity, pressure, carbon flux and soil organic matter, water content and other data of the vegetation growth environment at different times of the day. Different stress environments are established in each experimental site, and the ground fluorescence measurement equipment, ground atmosphere measurement equipment and ground environment measurement equipment are used to obtain the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photochemical index, vegetation index and total primary productivity of vegetation under different stress conditions.

[0096] The data acquired by the above-mentioned space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, air-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module are all sent to the data analysis, processing, and application module for processing.

[0097] like Figure 6 As shown, the data analysis, processing and application module includes a fluorescence information preprocessing module, a fluorescence information inversion and matching module and a fluorescence information application module.

[0098] The fluorescence information preprocessing module performs radiation correction, spectral correction and other preprocessing on the space-based fluorescence information, air-based fluorescence information and ground-based fluorescence information acquired by the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, the air-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module and the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module to obtain the entrance pupil radiance information of the satellite observation scale, the entrance pupil radiance information of the aviation observation scale and the entrance pupil radiance information of the ground observation scale. The fluorescence information preprocessing module also includes preprocessing the atmospheric data acquired by the satellite-borne atmospheric measurement module, the airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module, the airborne upward-looking full-sky atmospheric measurement and the ground-based atmospheric measurement equipment to obtain a sky-ground integrated observation atmospheric remote sensing data set. The fluorescence information preprocessing module also has the function of preprocessing the environmental data such as temperature, humidity, pressure, carbon flux and soil organic matter and water content of the vegetation growth environment acquired by the ground environment measurement equipment at different times to form a synchronous observation environment parameter data set. The satellite observation scale entrance pupil radiance information, the aerial observation scale entrance pupil radiance information, the ground observation scale entrance pupil radiance information, the sky-ground integrated observation atmospheric remote sensing dataset and the synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset together constitute the sky-ground remote sensing observation radiance dataset.

[0099] The fluorescence information inversion and matching module includes a fluorescence information processing and inversion function and a sky-ground multi-factor matching function at different scales. The fluorescence information processing and inversion function uses the sky-ground integrated observation atmospheric remote sensing dataset and the synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset in the sky-ground remote sensing observation radiance dataset as input. It first outputs atmospheric parameters such as water vapor content and aerosol optical depth. Then, based on the atmospheric parameters, the atmospheric inversion algorithm module inverts the entrance pupil radiance information at the satellite observation scale, the entrance pupil radiance information at the aerial observation scale, and the entrance pupil radiance information at the ground observation scale, and outputs fluorescence spectral radiance information and background reflectance information at the satellite observation scale, aerial observation scale, and ground observation scale, respectively. Finally, the sky-ground multi-factor matching function is used to match the spatial scale, spectral scale, and observation angle of the fluorescence spectral radiance information and background reflectance information obtained at the satellite observation scale, aerial observation scale, and ground observation scale, thereby forming a standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset.

[0100] The fluorescence information application module includes consistency transfer calibration and multi-scale photosynthesis model application functions. The consistency transfer calibration function utilizes a standardized sky-ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset derived from simultaneous satellite, aerial, and ground-based observations of identical ground objects. This dataset is characterized by simultaneous acquisition of space-based, airborne, and ground-based observation data for ground-based benchmark targets, sharing the same observation environment and atmospheric conditions, resulting in the highest multi-factor matching accuracy. Depending on the observed ground object, this data is used for common-reference consistency calibration, authenticity verification, and quantitative accuracy evaluation across different sky and ground observation platforms. The multi-scale photosynthesis model application function uses continuously acquired standardized sky-to-ground fluorescence remote sensing datasets from satellites, aviation, and ground. Specifically, by matching and using standardized ground-based data and air-based data in the continuously acquired standardized sky-to-ground fluorescence remote sensing datasets, a small-scale photosynthesis model is constructed, and a quantitative relationship between the chlorophyll fluorescence full-spectrum radiation information curve, reflectance characteristics, heat dissipation, vegetation health status, and primary productivity during vegetation photosynthesis is established. The constructed small-scale photosynthesis model can be iteratively verified at a relatively fast speed and high frequency within a certain range such as large farms and woodlands using ground-controllable experimental variables and standardized ground-based data obtained from test sites. Furthermore, a large-scale photosynthesis model is obtained by matching and using standardized ground-based data, air-based data, and space-based data, and then through deep learning and model upscaling conversion. On a global scale, the large-scale photosynthesis model is iteratively verified using standardized air-based data and small-scale photosynthesis models obtained within a certain range. In this way, the spatial coverage of fluorescence observation products can be continuously expanded, the spatial resolution of fluorescence observation products can be improved, time-series data can be accumulated, and the accuracy of the fluorescence and plant physiology correlation model can be improved.

[0101] The fluorescence information application module of this invention can be used to conduct field measurements of vegetation physiological parameters in various experimental sites, such as farmland, forests, and grasslands. Further research will be conducted on the quantitative relationship between plant fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic activity under different stress conditions, as well as regression models between total primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems and chlorophyll fluorescence, photochemical indices, and vegetation indices. This will provide a foundation for improving the mechanistic and accuracy of vegetation productivity monitoring based on satellite chlorophyll fluorescence imagery. Single and combined experiments with multiple stress factors (nitrogen, drought, high temperature, and disease) will be conducted on the ground. In the field, representative crops will be selected as research subjects and subjected to varying degrees of stress at different growth stages (flowering, grain filling, and tillering). The quantitative effects of environmental factors and varying degrees of stress on chlorophyll fluorescence information, spectral indices, and vegetation productivity will be elucidated, leading to the construction of a robust early-stage crop stress monitoring model. In forests and grasslands, large-scale productivity estimation models based on chlorophyll fluorescence will be established under different phenological conditions and canopy structures. The fluorescence information application module will ultimately be applied to vegetation productivity monitoring, ecological and environmental stress monitoring, and pest and disease monitoring.

[0102] Due to the excitation wavelength and information of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence hyperspectral detection, and its weak characteristics, the spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the satellite-borne hyperspectral remote sensing detection module are very high. At the same time, the processing method for extracting fluorescence information from strong background solar reflection information and complex atmospheric interference information requires very high precision. Therefore, the present invention designs a space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module composed of a satellite platform and a satellite-borne optical payload, which is used to obtain surface solar reflection information, surface vegetation fluorescence emission information, plant canopy thermal infrared information, and atmospheric radiation information. The acquired information is forwarded to the data analysis, processing, and application module for processing together with the atmospheric radiation information. The satellite platform of the present invention is at least one of a geosynchronous orbit satellite platform, a sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform, and a low-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform. The sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform includes a dual system of a morning observation satellite platform and an afternoon observation satellite platform with mirrored orbits. The revisit period is short, and chlorophyll fluorescence information can be acquired in real time, thereby reducing the interference of time changes on chlorophyll fluorescence information, thereby improving the accuracy of chlorophyll fluorescence information.

[0103] Due to the complex ground environment, in addition to vegetation, there is also interference from other irrelevant fluorescence information, which leads to inaccurate chlorophyll fluorescence information obtained by the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module. Therefore, the present invention uses the information obtained by the airborne optical payload with high spatial resolution to quickly remove the interference of irrelevant fluorescence information in the sub-pixel range obtained by the satellite payload.

[0104] Since chlorophyll fluorescence information is also affected by the crown structure of ground vegetation, the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module of the present invention includes ground fluorescence measurement equipment, ground atmosphere measurement equipment and ground environment measurement equipment, so as to accurately judge the crown structure of ground vegetation and make the chlorophyll fluorescence information obtained more accurate.

[0105] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system, characterized by: It includes space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, air-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module and data analysis, processing and application module; The space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, the air-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module and the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module respectively acquire chlorophyll fluorescence information of surface vegetation from different elements at different scales based on space, air and ground, and transmit the information to the data analysis, processing and application module; The data analysis, processing and application module preprocesses, performs spatiotemporal matching and fusion on the received multi-source data to generate a standardized sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence remote sensing dataset, which is then applied to vegetation stress monitoring, photosynthesis analysis and primary productivity estimation.

2. The sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module includes a satellite platform and a satellite-borne optical payload, and the satellite-borne optical payload is carried on the satellite platform.

3. The sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The onboard optical payload includes an onboard hyperspectral imaging module, an onboard high-spectral imaging module, an onboard infrared imaging module and an onboard atmospheric measurement module. The satellite platform is at least one of a geosynchronous orbit satellite platform, a sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform and a near-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform.

4. The sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The onboard hyperspectral imaging module, onboard hyperspectral imaging module, and onboard infrared imaging module are parallel to the main visual axis of the onboard atmospheric measurement module, and imaging synchronization is achieved through unified second pulses. The spectral range of the onboard hyperspectral imaging module covers 650-800nm, and the spectral resolution matches the oxygen absorption spectrum or the typical Fraunhofer dark line, and is used to obtain fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation at a space-based scale; the spectral range of the onboard hyperspectral imaging module covers 500-800nm, the spectral resolution is better than 3nm, and the spatial scale is better than 4 times that of the hyperspectral imaging module, and is used to obtain space-based surface and vegetation reflection information of the sun; the onboard infrared imaging module has the same spatial resolution as the hyperspectral imaging module, and is used to obtain space-based plant canopy thermal infrared information; the onboard atmospheric measurement module has no less than 4 polarization observation angles and no less than 9 spectral channels, and is used to obtain space-based plant canopy atmospheric parameters.

5. The sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The geosynchronous orbit satellite platform is used to achieve continuous observation of the intensity changes of chlorophyll fluorescence information in the same area within the field of view of the subsatellite point; the sun-synchronous orbit satellite platform is used to achieve chlorophyll fluorescence observation of surface vegetation under the same lighting conditions in different regions of the world; The low-Earth inclined orbit satellite platform is used to obtain chlorophyll fluorescence changes of surface vegetation at different phases within a day.

6. The sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airborne chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module includes an aviation flight platform and an airborne optical payload. The airborne optical payload is carried on the aviation flight platform. The airborne optical payload includes an airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, an airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, an airborne infrared imaging module, an airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module, and an airborne upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module.

7. The sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main visual axes of the airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module, airborne infrared imaging module and airborne downward-looking atmospheric measurement module remain parallel, achieving observation field of view and pixel matching of the four payloads; the airborne upward-looking all-sky atmospheric measurement module is installed on the top of the aircraft with its main visual axis upward, opposite to that of the other payloads.

8. The sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module has a spectral range of 650-800nm, a spectral resolution that matches the oxygen absorption line or the typical Fraunhofer dark line, and a spatial resolution that is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the space-based system. It is used to obtain fluorescence emission information of surface vegetation at an airborne scale; the airborne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging module has a spectral range of 500-800nm, a spectral resolution better than 3nm, and a spatial scale that is four times better than that of the hyperspectral imaging module. It is used to obtain airborne-scale information on the reflection of the sun from the surface and the vegetation on it; the airborne infrared imaging module has the same spatial resolution as the hyperspectral imaging module and is used to obtain airborne-scale thermal infrared information of plant canopies; the airborne atmospheric measurement module has no less than 4 polarization observation angles and no less than 9 spectral channels, and is used to obtain airborne-scale atmospheric parameters of plant canopies; the airborne upward-looking full-sky atmospheric measurement module has no less than 4 polarization observation angles and no less than 9 spectral channels, and is used to obtain sky radiation information within the coverage area of ​​the observation area from the airborne base.

9. The sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module is located on the ground of the site and includes: Ground fluorescence measurement equipment, which obtains continuous time series fluorescence information, spectral information and temperature information at the canopy scale and continuous time series fluorescence information, spectral information and temperature information at the ground leaf scale through continuous observation and patrol observation; Ground-based atmospheric measurement equipment, used to continuously record solar radiation intensity, total sky radiation information, atmospheric water vapor content, and atmospheric aerosol content data at different times of the day; Ground environmental measurement equipment is used to continuously record the temperature, humidity, pressure, carbon flux of vegetation growth areas and soil organic matter and water content data of vegetation growth environments.

10. The sky-ground integrated sunlight-induced vegetation chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data analysis, processing and application module includes a fluorescence information preprocessing module, a fluorescence information inversion and matching module and a fluorescence information application module; The fluorescence information preprocessing module preprocesses the space-based, air-based, and ground-based information acquired by the space-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, the air-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module, and the ground-based chlorophyll fluorescence information acquisition module to obtain satellite observation-scale entrance pupil radiance information, aerial observation-scale entrance pupil radiance information, ground observation-scale entrance pupil radiance information, and a sky-ground integrated observation atmospheric remote sensing dataset and a synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset, thereby forming a sky-ground remote sensing observation radiance dataset; The fluorescence information inversion and matching module is used for fluorescence information processing and inversion and multi-factor matching at different scales between the sky and the ground, wherein the fluorescence information processing and inversion includes using a sky and ground remote sensing observation radiance dataset and a synchronous observation environmental parameter dataset as input, performing information inversion on the entrance pupil radiance information at the satellite observation scale, the aerial observation scale, and the ground observation scale through an atmospheric inversion algorithm module, and outputting fluorescence spectral radiance information and background reflectance information at the satellite observation scale, the aerial observation scale, and the ground observation scale respectively; the multi-factor matching at different scales between the sky and the ground includes matching the obtained fluorescence spectral radiance information and background reflectance information at the satellite observation scale, the aerial observation scale, and the ground observation scale at the spatial scale, the spectral scale, and the observation angle to form a standardized sky and ground fluorescence remote sensing dataset; The fluorescence information application module is used for consistency transfer calibration and multi-scale photosynthesis model application, wherein the consistency transfer calibration includes using standardized sky-to-ground fluorescence remote sensing datasets, which are used for common benchmark consistency calibration, authenticity verification and quantitative accuracy evaluation of different sky-to-ground observation platforms according to different observed ground objects; the multi-scale photosynthesis model application includes using continuously acquired standardized sky-to-ground fluorescence remote sensing datasets to construct small-scale photosynthesis models and large-scale photosynthesis models.

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