Straw-based biological fermentation feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw-based biological fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of straw raw material pretreatment, fermentation strain preparation and inoculation, fermentation process control, post-treatment and drying. The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, aiming at the problems of low digestibility and poor fermentation process of straw feed, corn straw and the like are taken as raw materials, and glucose is added for pretreatment after crushing; preparing a bacterial liquid from lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and white rot fungi (3: 2: 1), and inoculating; fermenting for 5-6 days by controlling the temperature, the humidity and the ventilatory capacity in stages, wherein the terminal pH is 4.0-4.5, and the cellulose degradation rate is greater than or equal to 40%; and mixing according to different formulas of pigs and cows after drying and crushing. The method is thorough in crude fiber degradation, free of chemical residues, short in period, high in feed nutrition and safe, straw can be recycled, and the method is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a straw-based bio-fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Crop straw is a major by-product of agricultural production and has a huge output. Existing straw feed processing technologies usually use physical or chemical treatments. Physical treatment methods, such as crushing and steaming, can only change the physical form of the straw, but cannot effectively degrade anti-nutritional components such as cellulose and lignin, resulting in low feed digestibility; while chemical treatment methods, such as alkali treatment, can partially degrade the fiber, but will leave residual chemical substances, affecting the safety of the feed and increasing the cost of sewage treatment; therefore, it is necessary to use bio-fermentation technology to process crop straw. However, existing bio-fermentation technologies have problems such as poor strain synergy, unclear fermentation process, and long cycle (usually more than 10 days), resulting in unstable feed quality and difficulty in large-scale production.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a bio-fermentation technology with clear process, simple operation, and the ability to efficiently degrade straw fiber and improve the nutritional value of feed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above situation, in order to make up for the above-mentioned existing defects, the present invention provides a method for preparing straw bio-fermentation feed with stable process and scalable implementation, which is used to solve the problems of low digestibility of existing straw feed, low straw resource utilization, unclear fermentation process parameters and environmental pollution.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: This solution proposes a straw-based bio-fermented feed and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Pretreatment of straw raw materials

[0007] 1. Select corn stalks, rice straw or wheat straw that are free of mildew, disease and insect pests, and remove impurities such as mud, sand and stones to screen the raw materials:

[0008] 2. Use a straw crusher to cut the straw into 3-5cm segments, then further crush it to 0.3-0.8mm particle size and pass it through a 20-40 mesh sieve;

[0009] 3. Rinse the crushed straw raw material with clean water, drain until the moisture content is 50-55%, add 0.5-1% of the straw mass of glucose as a fermentation start-up carbon source, and stir evenly.

[0010] Step 2: Fermentation strain preparation and inoculation

[0011] 1. A composite strain of bacteria is prepared by mixing lactic acid bacteria, yeast and white rot fungi in a mass ratio of 3:2:1.

[0012] 2. Inoculate the composite strain into a sterile liquid culture medium with the following ratio: 2% glucose, 1% peptone, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 6.5-7, and culture at 35°C for 24 hours until the viable count is ≥ 2 × 10 8 CFU / mL of fermentation broth.

[0013] 3. Add the above bacterial solution at a ratio of 8-12% of the mass of the straw material, stir to evenly mix the bacterial solution and the material, and control the pH of the material at 5.5-6.5 after mixing.

[0014] Step 3: Fermentation process control

[0015] 1. Use a closed fermentation chamber with temperature and humidity control functions. The volume of the closed fermentation chamber is 10-50m 3 .

[0016] 2. Environmental parameters:

[0017] During the first 1-2 days of fermentation, the temperature should be controlled at 30-35℃, the humidity at 60-65%, and the aerobic environment with a ventilation volume of 0.5m 3 / (h·m 3 );

[0018] During the middle fermentation period (3-4 days), the temperature is raised to 38-42°C, the humidity is 70-75%, and the micro-anaerobic environment is maintained with a ventilation volume of 0.2m 3 / (h·m 3 );

[0019] During the last 5-6 days of fermentation, maintain the temperature at 35-38°C and the humidity at 65-70% and allow the fermentation to proceed.

[0020] 3. Stop fermentation when the pH of the material drops to 4.0-4.5, and a light sour aroma appears without moldy smell, and the cellulose degradation rate is ≥40%.

[0021] Step 4: Post-processing and drying

[0022] 1. Use low-temperature drying equipment to dry at 50-60°C to a moisture content of 10-12%. The moisture content is determined by the oven method at 105°C to constant weight.

[0023] 2. After drying, the material is crushed to a particle size of 1-2 mm and passed through a 10-20 mesh sieve to obtain the fermented straw base material.

[0024] Furthermore, the lactic acid bacteria is Lactobacillus plantarum, and its viable cell count is ≥1×10 9 CFU / g; the yeast used was Candida utilis, with a viable count of ≥5×108 CFU / g; the white rot fungus used was Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and its viable cell count was ≥1×10 8 CFU / g.

[0025] Furthermore, the pig feed ratio can be: fermented straw base material 40-45%, corn flour 25-30%, soybean meal 15-20%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 2-3%, stone powder 1-2%, salt 0.3-0.5%

[0026] Furthermore, the cattle feed ratio can be: fermented straw base material 60-65%, bran 10-15%, cottonseed cake 10-12%, baking soda 1-2%, and premix 2-3%.

[0027] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows:

[0028] 1. By converting agricultural waste such as corn stalks, rice straw and wheat straw into high-value feed, it not only solves the straw disposal problem but also effectively reduces the burden of agricultural waste on the environment.

[0029] 2. The biological fermentation process can degrade crude fiber and indigestible components in straw, improve its digestibility and nutrient absorption rate, thereby increasing the nutritional value of the feed, which is suitable for different types of livestock, such as pigs and cattle.

[0030] 3. Through precise control of temperature, humidity and ventilation, the optimal environmental conditions for the fermentation process are ensured, which effectively improves the fermentation efficiency and feed quality, and ensures the safety and stability of the feed.

[0031] 4. Fermentation with composite bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast and white rot fungi can not only effectively degrade cellulose, but also produce beneficial metabolites such as lactic acid, which helps to improve the quality of feed and enhance the immunity of animals.

[0032] 5. By controlling the pH value of the material and the judgment criteria for the fermentation end point, such as sour aroma, no moldy smell and cellulose degradation rate, the stability and safety of the fermented feed are ensured, and over-fermentation or insufficient fermentation is avoided.

[0033] 6. The low-temperature drying process can effectively reduce energy consumption, ensure the efficient use of straw, and produce palatable and nutritious feed, thereby improving economic benefits. At the same time, different feed formulas are customized according to the needs of different animals, such as pig feed and cattle feed, which can meet the needs of different breeding industries and improve the applicability of feed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 is a process flow chart of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of bacterial strain collaboration of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of fermentation parameters of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up" and "down" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, and the words "inside" and "outside" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Example 1: Corn straw fermented pig feed

[0042] 1. Straw pretreatment: Take 500 kg of fresh corn straw, remove dead leaves and impurities, cut into 4 cm segments with a segment cutter, and grind to 0.5 mm particle size with a grinder; rinse with clean water and drain to retain 52% moisture, add 5 kg of glucose and stir evenly;

[0043] 2. Inoculation: Prepare bacterial solution according to the composite bacterial strain, Lactobacillus plantarum: Candida utilis: Phanerochaete chrysosporium = 3:2:1, and the required viable cell count is 2.5×10 8 CFU / mL, 50L of bacterial solution was mixed with straw material;

[0044] 3. Fermentation control: put the material into 10m 3 Temperature controlled fermentation chamber, maintain temperature at 32°C, humidity at 62% and ventilation at 0.5m3 on the first 2 days 3 / (h·m 3 ); on the 3rd to 4th day, the temperature was raised to 40℃, the humidity was 72%, and the ventilation volume was 0.2m 3 / (h·m 3); on the 5th day, the temperature was maintained at 36°C and the humidity was 68%; the pH at the end of fermentation was 4.2, and the crude fiber content was 18.5%;

[0045] 4. Post-processing: Dry at 60℃ until the moisture content reaches 11%. After crushing, make a pig feed with 42% fermentation base material, 28% corn flour and 18% soybean meal.

[0046] Example 2: Rice straw fermented cattle feed

[0047] Straw pretreatment: Take 400 kg of rice straw, crush it to 0.6 mm particle size, rinse and drain, maintain the moisture content at 53%, and add 4 kg of glucose;

[0048] Inoculation: Take 40L of composite bacterial solution, with a viable count of 2.2×10 8 CFU / mL mixed with rice straw;

[0049] Fermentation control:

[0050] Day 1-2: 30°C, humidity 60%;

[0051] Day 3-4: 38°C, humidity 70%;

[0052] Day 5-6: 35°C, humidity 65%;

[0053] End point pH 4.3, crude fiber content 17.8%;

[0054] Post-processing: Dry at 55℃ to 10.5% moisture, mix according to the formula for cattle, 62% fermentation base material and 12% bran.

[0055]

[0056] The feasibility of the parameter range in the preparation method is verified by the specific numerical values ​​of the above two embodiments, which proves that the process has clear operating standards, the fermentation cycle is 5-6 days, the cellulose degradation rate meets the standard, and there is no chemical residue. At the same time, targeted formulas are used to meet the nutritional needs of different animals, achieving the dual goals of efficient degradation and directional adaptation. Through the above embodiments, the applicability of the preparation method of the present invention in different straw raw materials and different breeding object scenarios is fully demonstrated, further verifying the stability of the process and its large-scale application value.

[0057] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, material, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, material, or apparatus.

[0058] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A straw-based bio-fermented feed and a preparation method thereof, characterized in that: Specifically include the following steps: Step 1:

1. Choose corn stalks, rice straw or wheat straw that is free of mildew, disease and insect pests, and remove impurities; 2. Cut the straw into 3-5cm segments, then crush to 0.3-0.8mm particle size and pass through a 20-40 mesh sieve; 3. Cleaning and conditioning: Rinse the crushed straw raw material with clean water, drain until the moisture content is 50-55%, add 0.5-1% glucose by weight of the straw, and stir evenly. Step 2:

1. Lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and white rot fungi are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:2:1 to form a composite strain; 2. Inoculate the composite strain into sterile liquid culture medium and culture at 35℃ for 24h until the viable count is ≥2×10 8 CFU / mL of fermentation broth; 3. Add the fermentation liquid at a ratio of 8-12% of the straw material mass, and control the pH of the material at 5.5-6.5 after stirring and mixing. Step 3: Fermentation process control 1. Use a closed fermentation chamber with temperature and humidity control functions, the volume of which is 10-50m 3 ; 2. During the first 1-2 days of fermentation, control the temperature at 30-35℃, humidity at 60-65%, and ventilation at 0.5m 3 / (h·m 3 ) ; in the middle of fermentation for 3-4 days, the temperature is raised to 38-42℃, the humidity is 70-75%, and the ventilation volume is 0.2m 3 / (h·m 3 ); for 5-6 days in the late fermentation period, maintain the temperature at 35-38°C and the humidity at 65-70% and allow the fermentation to proceed; 3. When the pH of the material drops to 4.0-4.5, a light sour aroma appears without moldy smell, and the cellulose degradation rate is ≥40%, stop fermentation. Step 4:

1. Use low-temperature drying equipment to dry at 50-60℃ until the moisture content reaches 10-12%; 2. After drying, the material is crushed to a particle size of 1-2 mm and passed through a 10-20 mesh sieve to obtain the fermented straw base material.

2. The straw-based bio-fermented feed and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sterile liquid culture medium contains 2% glucose, 1% peptone, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and has a pH of 6.5-7.

3. The straw-based bio-fermented feed and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lactic acid bacteria is Lactobacillus plantarum, and the number of viable bacteria is ≥1×10 9 CFU / g; the yeast is Candida utilis, with a viable count of ≥5×10 8 CFU / g; the white rot fungus is Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the number of viable cells is ≥1×10 8 CFU / g.

4. The straw-based bio-fermented feed and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerobic environment at the beginning of fermentation is 0.5m 3 / (h·m 3 ) to achieve a micro-anaerobic environment in the middle stage of fermentation, with a ventilation volume of 0.2m 3 / (h·m 3 )accomplish.

5. The straw-based bio-fermented feed and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature drying equipment is operated at 50-60°C, and the moisture content of the dried material is detected by an oven method, specifically, after drying at 105°C to constant weight.

6. The straw-based bio-fermented feed and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of the pig feed include, by mass percentage, 40-45% of fermented straw base material, 25-30% of corn flour, 15-20% of soybean meal, 2-3% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1-2% of stone powder and 0.3-0.5% of salt.

7. The straw-based bio-fermented feed and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of the cattle feed include, by mass percentage, 60-65% of fermented straw base material, 10-15% of bran, 10-12% of cottonseed cake, 1-2% of baking soda, and 2-3% of premix.

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