Organic garbage quality-divided separation treatment system and organic garbage treatment method based on system

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic garbage quality-divided separation treatment system. The organic garbage quality-divided separation treatment system comprises a garbage slurry adding and discharging tank, a coarse vibrating screen, a fine vibrating screen, a sorting and crushing system, a fluidized bed filter, an airflow acceleration sorting column, a cyclone desander and a cyclone air flotation degreaser. According to the organic garbage quality separation treatment system, kitchen or household kitchen garbage and other organic garbage can be separated into oil removal slurry, an organic solid phase, an inorganic solid phase, grease, fine sand and other components, the separation efficiency is remarkably improved, the purity degree is higher, the organic matter loss rate is effectively reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced. And separation and resource utilization of all components of the organic garbage are realized to the greatest extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of organic waste treatment such as restaurant kitchen waste or kitchen waste, and in particular to an organic waste separation and treatment system and an organic waste treatment method based on the system. Background Art

[0002] Organic waste accounts for approximately 37% to 62% of total municipal solid waste, making it a significant component of urban solid waste. With the continued advancement of waste sorting in urban areas, the amount of organic waste generated is rapidly increasing, and the resulting environmental and social problems are becoming more prominent. Addressing the disposal of organic waste is an urgent issue.

[0003] The food waste treatment process provided in CN112371684A first shreds the waste, then separates the oil and water in the slurry for processing, converting the oil into biodiesel. Bacteria and odors are then removed from the waste through slurry conditioning and drug treatment. The treated waste is then used as agricultural fertilizer or industrial energy, and the slurry is treated as wastewater and discharged in compliance with standards. First, this method does not separate large-sized waste, which can cause large pieces of waste or high-hardness waste to enter the shredding system and damage the equipment. Furthermore, the failure to separate and de-oil the waste can cause some oil to enter subsequent equipment with the solid phase, resulting in low oil removal efficiency. Furthermore, treating the food waste slurry as wastewater requires the addition of chemicals, increasing costs and limiting resource utilization.

[0004] CN107243502A provides an anaerobic pretreatment device and method for food waste. This method coarsely crushes the food waste to obtain crushed material, then crushes and screens the crushed material to obtain food waste slurry and light and heavy impurities; and then removes sand from the food waste slurry to complete the anaerobic pretreatment. This method has a simple process flow, but does not systematically separate the solid phase in the food waste slurry, instead uniformly landfilling or incinerating it. Furthermore, it does not effectively recover the solid organic matter in the food waste slurry.

[0005] CN105925361B discloses a pretreatment method for anaerobic digestion of food waste. The method comprises the following steps: pouring the food waste into a hopper, coarsely crushing the food waste, squeezing the food waste, and conveying it to a sorting machine; the leachate is conveyed into a water tank; inorganic impurities are sorted out; the food waste is hammered, crushed, and pulped, and then stirred and heated for solid-liquid separation; the solid residue is conveyed to an organic matter recovery tank; the organic slurry passes through a first cyclone desander and is conveyed to a three-phase centrifuge for oil extraction; the oil phase is conveyed to an oil extractor for purification; the organic slurry enters a solid-liquid mixing tank; the solid residue in the organic matter recovery tank is mixed with the effluent of the anaerobic fermentation system to form a slurry; the slurry is hydraulically scrubbed; the separated liquid is removed from the impurities by a second cyclone desander and conveyed to a solid-liquid mixing tank. This invention can effectively remove grease in various forms in food waste, but it only sorts inorganic matter such as plastics and fabrics and then crushes them. This will result in the subsequent organic matter recovery tank being mixed with fine inorganic matter (such as crushed eggshells and gravel). The subsequent solid-liquid separation cannot effectively separate the organic and inorganic matter in the slurry, and cannot efficiently separate the fine sand in the food waste slurry.

[0006] At present, the commonly used treatment process for organic waste is "sorting + crushing + pulping + sand removal + oil extraction + anaerobic treatment". During the pretreatment process, after the organic waste is pulped, the organic matter and impurities enter the sand removal equipment at the same flow rate and flow rate. The separation accuracy is not enough, resulting in a high organic matter loss rate and a low degree of subsequent resource utilization.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to develop an organic waste separation and treatment method that is efficient, environmentally friendly, energy-saving, has a simple process flow, and has high separation accuracy, so as to achieve efficient and harmless treatment of organic waste and resource utilization of all components. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an organic waste separation and treatment method that is efficient, environmentally friendly, energy-saving, has a simple process flow, and has high separation accuracy, in response to the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, so as to achieve efficient and harmless treatment of organic waste and resource utilization of all components.

[0009] To solve the above problems, the solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an organic waste separation and treatment system, characterized in that the organic waste separation and treatment system includes a garbage slurry adding and discharging tank, a coarse vibrating screen, a fine vibrating screen, a sorting and crushing system, a boiling bed filter, an airflow acceleration sorting column, a cyclone desander, and a cyclone flotation deoiler.

[0010] The garbage slurry adding and discharging tank is provided with a microwave detector and a water adding pipe, and a sensor controller connected with the microwave detector and the water adding pipe is used to detect and adjust the solid content TS of the organic garbage slurry to ≤20%.

[0011] The coarse vibrating screen is connected to the garbage slurry feeding and discharge tank, and the fine vibrating screen is connected to the coarse vibrating screen, and is used to filter out large particles of impurities with a particle size greater than 10 mm in the garbage slurry. The sorting and crushing system is connected to the coarse vibrating screen and the fine vibrating screen, and is used to sort the filtered large particles of impurities and crush the sorted organic large particles of impurities so that they can pass through the fine vibrating screen and be mixed with the screened material to form an organic slurry.

[0012] The fluidized bed filter is connected to a fine vibrating screen and is used to perform deep filtration on the organic slurry outputted from the fine vibrating screen to separate a solid phase with a particle size greater than 1 mm and a liquid phase slurry containing fine sand with a particle size less than 1 mm.

[0013] The airflow acceleration sorting column is connected to the fluidized bed filter, and a pulsating airflow generator is arranged on the column to sort the solid phase produced by the fluidized bed filter into an organic solid phase and an inorganic solid phase.

[0014] The cyclone desander is connected to the ebullating bed filter and is used to further remove fine sand with a particle size of ≤1 mm in the liquid slurry produced by the ebullating bed filter.

[0015] The liquid slurry produced by the cyclone desander is connected to the cyclone flotation deoiler through a microbubble generator, and the slurry and grease are separated by the buoyancy of the microbubbles and the centrifugal force of the cyclone to obtain grease and deoiled slurry.

[0016] At this point, the organic waste is separated into organic solid phase, inorganic solid phase, grease and degreasing slurry, which can be utilized as resources separately.

[0017] Furthermore, the organic waste separation and treatment system is characterized in that it also includes an anaerobic fermentation system, and the deoiled slurry is sent to the anaerobic fermentation system to prepare hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0018] Furthermore, the organic waste separation and treatment system also includes a hydrothermal carbonizer connected to the airflow acceleration separation column to convert the organic solid phase produced by the airflow acceleration separation column into biochar. The separation column of the airflow acceleration separation column is 1000-1600 mm tall and consists of multiple sections, each 200 mm long, connected by flanges, and having an inner diameter of 50-100 mm.

[0019] Furthermore, the organic waste separation and treatment system is characterized in that it also includes a solid residue collection tank, which is connected to the airflow acceleration separation column and is used to collect and treat the inorganic solid phase produced by the airflow acceleration separation column.

[0020] Furthermore, the organic waste separation and treatment system is characterized in that it also includes an energy storage device, which is connected to the anaerobic fermentation system combustion boiler and hydrothermal carbonizer, and is used to recover the hydrogen and methane combustion heat energy generated by anaerobic fermentation of organic slurry, as well as the energy generated by the organic solid phase through the hydrothermal carbonizer.

[0021] Furthermore, the organic waste separation and treatment system is characterized by a coarse vibrating screen with a mesh size of 50 mm and a fine vibrating screen with a mesh size of 10 mm. At least two ebullated bed filters are arranged in parallel. Two ebullated bed filters are connected in parallel. When one filter bed is completely penetrated, the ebullated bed loses its separation capacity. At this point, a valve switches to the other ebullated bed filter to ensure continuous system operation.

[0022] A method for treating an organic waste separation system, characterized by comprising the following steps: (A): Organic waste pretreatment: The restaurant or household kitchen waste that has been pre-treated by mechanical pulping or hydraulic pulping is sent to the garbage slurry addition and discharge tank. The TS is detected by microwave irradiation. If TS ≤ 20%, it enters the subsequent treatment link. If TS > 20%, it is accurately diluted with water to TS ≤ 20% after measurement to obtain pre-treated slurry.

[0023] (B): Screening of solid particles in organic waste slurry: The pretreated slurry obtained in step (A) is screened and rescreened through a coarse vibrating screen and a fine vibrating screen to remove large particles of impurities with a particle size greater than 10 mm in the slurry; then, a sorting and crushing system is used to sort out organic impurities (such as bones, etc.) and crush them into particles ≤10 mm, which are then mixed with the undersize material to form an organic slurry.

[0024] (C): Fluidized bed deep filtration and solid-phase airflow acceleration separation: The organic slurry obtained in step (B) is deep filtered through an fluidized bed filter to separate the organic slurry into a solid phase and a liquid phase. Solids with a particle size greater than 1 mm are retained in the filter packing, while small fine sand particles with a particle size ≤1 mm enter the liquid phase. The solid phase is separated from the mixed filter material in a cyclone separator and purified to obtain a pure solid phase. The separated filter material is then processed and re-entered the fluidized bed filter for reuse. The resulting solid phase is fed into an airflow acceleration separation column for airflow pulsation acceleration separation, separating it into an organic solid phase and an inorganic solid phase. The fluidized bed filter utilizes microchannels formed by accumulated particles. Through interparticle collision, interception, diffusion, and adsorption, solids with a particle size greater than 1 mm (such as rice grains, eggshells, shellfish, and gravel) are retained in the filter packing, while small fine sand particles with a particle size ≤1 mm enter the liquid phase. An airflow acceleration sorting column is used to perform airflow pulsation acceleration sorting on the solid phase. As the solid phase falls in the sorting column, different materials have different motion trajectories and displacements under the action of pulsating airflow due to differences in particle density, particle size and dynamic characteristics. Organic matter eventually flows to the top of the sorting column and is discharged with the carrier gas, while dense inorganic matter is discharged from the bottom of the sorting column and separated into organic solid phase (rice grains, etc.) and inorganic solid phase (eggshells, shellfish, quartz sand filter media, etc.).

[0025] (D) Liquid Slurry Desanding and Oil Removal: The liquid slurry obtained in step (C) is fed into a cyclone desander for cyclone desanding. The desanded liquid slurry is mixed with microbubbles generated by a microbubble generator and then fed into a cyclone flotation deoiler for cyclone-enhanced flotation deoiling, yielding deoiled slurry and grease. Microbubbles are introduced into the slurry to form an "oil droplet-microbubble adhesion complex" for cyclone-enhanced flotation deoiling. From the bottom of the container, the slurry enters the inner chamber of the container, where it contacts the bubble mixer and forms a cyclone. Small bubbles and oil droplets coalesce. Under the rapid centrifugal flow, the oil droplets increase in size until they reach the top, where the oil phase is discharged through the overflow port. The deoiled slurry then descends along the outer chamber and is discharged through the underflow port.

[0026] At this point, the deoiled slurry, organic solid phase, inorganic solid phase and grease are separated.

[0027] The fluidized bed filtration uses quartz sand as the bed media with a particle size range of 2-3 mm, a packing height of 60 cm, an inlet flow rate of 0.5-0.8 m³ / h, a breakthrough time of 4-8 hours, and media replacement based on a pressure drop of 100 kPa. The airflow pulsation acceleration separation uses a pulsation frequency of 45-50 Hz, an air volume of 650 m³ / h, a carrier gas temperature of 70°C, and a feed rate of 30-60 kg / h. The cyclonic flotation deoiling process uses a split ratio of 5%, a microbubble size of 10-20 μm, a dissolved gas pressure of 400-500 kPa, and a gas-liquid ratio of 6%-8%.

[0028] Furthermore, the treatment method of the organic waste separation and treatment system is characterized in that it also includes sending the deoiled slurry in step (D) into an anaerobic fermentation system for anaerobic fermentation to obtain hydrogen.

[0029] Furthermore, the treatment method of the organic waste separation and treatment system is characterized in that the organic solid phase obtained in step (C) is fed into a hydrothermal carbonizer to convert the organic solid phase into biochar.

[0030] Furthermore, the treatment method of the organic waste separation and treatment system is characterized in that the inorganic solid phase obtained in step (C), the grease obtained in step (D), and the hydrogen generated by anaerobic fermentation of the deoiled slurry are sent to a solid residue collection tank for collection.

[0031] As the solid phase falls in the separation column, different materials have different motion trajectories and displacements due to differences in particle density, particle size and dynamic characteristics under the action of pulsating airflow. Organic matter eventually flows to the top of the separation column and is discharged with the carrier gas, while dense inorganic matter is discharged from the bottom of the separation column.

[0032] The technical effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention couples separation equipment such as a vibrating screen, a fluidized bed filter, an airflow acceleration separator, and a cyclone desander. The solid-liquid separation efficiency of the fluidized bed filter is ≥98%, the sand removal efficiency of the cyclone desander is ≥99%, and the separation efficiency of the airflow acceleration separator is ≥95%, which makes up for the problem that the existing low-speed spiral screening and centrifugal separation methods have insufficient separation efficiency of organic matter and inorganic matter in organic waste slurry. In addition, the organic waste separation and treatment system of the present application can finely separate components such as deoiled slurry (organic slurry), organic solid phase (organic solid phase impurities), inorganic solid phase (inorganic solid phase impurities), grease and fine sand in the organic waste through the mutual cooperation of various devices, significantly improving the separation efficiency, achieving higher purity, effectively reducing the organic matter loss rate, and realizing the separation and resource utilization of all components of organic waste to the greatest extent.

[0033] In addition, airflow acceleration separation is used to further separate inorganic components. Nitrogen is used as the separation medium. This not only reduces secondary pollution and damage to the material, but also reduces secondary crushing and improves separation accuracy. This is beneficial to the subsequent in-depth utilization of various inorganic components.

[0034] Cyclone flotation oil extraction utilizes the centrifugal force generated by the cyclonic flow to increase the probability of bubble-oil droplet collisions and flotation rates, significantly improving oil extraction rates to ≥95%. Compared with traditional flotation systems, this system offers shorter material residence time and greater processing capacity. Compared with three-phase separation oil extraction technology, it boasts higher separation efficiency and lower energy consumption, offering significant advantages in energy conservation and emission reduction, greater economic benefits, and a smaller footprint. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the organic waste separation and treatment system.

[0036] In the figure: 1: garbage slurry charging and discharge tank; 2: microwave detector; 3: sensor controller; 4: coarse vibrating screen; 5: fine vibrating screen; 6: sorting and crushing system; 7: fluidized bed filter; 8: cyclone desander; 9: air flow acceleration sorting column; 10: pulsating air flow generator; 11: microbubble generator; 12: hydrothermal carbonizer; 13: incinerator; 14: cyclone flotation deoiler; 15: energy storage device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Example: An organic waste separation and treatment system It includes a garbage slurry adding and discharging tank 1, a coarse vibrating screen 4, a fine vibrating screen 5, a sorting and crushing system 6, a boiling bed filter 7, an airflow acceleration sorting column 9, a cyclone desander 8, a cyclone flotation deoiler 14, an anaerobic fermentation system, a hydrothermal carbonizer 12, a solid slag collection tank 13, and an energy storage device 15.

[0038] The garbage slurry feeding and discharging tank 1 is provided with a microwave detector 2 and a water feeding pipe, and a sensor controller 3 connected to the microwave detector 2 and the water feeding pipe for detecting and adjusting the solid content of the organic garbage slurry feed.

[0039] The coarse vibrating screen 4 is connected to the garbage slurry adding and discharging tank 1, and the fine vibrating screen 5 is connected to the coarse vibrating screen 4, and is used to filter out large particles of impurities in the garbage slurry. The sorting and crushing system 6 is connected to the coarse vibrating screen 4 and the fine vibrating screen 5, and is used to sort the filtered large particles of impurities and crush the sorted organic large particles of impurities so that they can pass through the fine vibrating screen 4 and mix with the screen underflow to form an organic slurry.

[0040] The fluidized bed filter 7 is connected to the fine vibrating screen 5 and is used to perform deep filtration on the organic slurry output from the fine vibrating screen 5 to separate the solid phase and the liquid phase slurry.

[0041] The airflow acceleration sorting column 9 is connected to the fluidized bed filter 7 and is equipped with a pulsating airflow generator 10. This is used to sort the solid phase produced by the fluidized bed filter 7 into organic and inorganic solid phases. A hydrothermal carbonizer 12 is connected to the airflow acceleration sorting column 9 and is used to convert the organic solid phase (such as rice grains) produced by the airflow acceleration sorting column 9 into biochar.

[0042] The cyclone desander 8 is connected to the ebullating bed filter 7 and is used to further remove fine sand from the liquid slurry produced by the ebullating bed filter 7 .

[0043] The cyclone desander 8 is connected to the cyclone flotation deoiler 14 via the microbubble generator 11, and utilizes the buoyancy of the microbubbles and the centrifugal force of the cyclone to separate the slurry and grease to obtain grease and deoiled slurry, which enters the anaerobic fermentation system.

[0044] The solid residue collection tank 13 is connected to the airflow acceleration sorting column 9 and the energy accumulator 15, and is used to collect the inorganic solid phase produced by the airflow acceleration sorting column 9 and the inorganic waste residue produced by the energy accumulator 15. The energy accumulator 15 is connected to the anaerobic fermentation system combustion boiler and the hydrothermal carbonizer 12, and is used to recover the hydrogen and methane combustion heat generated by the anaerobic fermentation of the organic slurry, as well as the energy generated by the organic solid phase through the hydrothermal carbonizer 12.

[0045] The fluidized bed filtration uses quartz sand as the bed filter material, with a particle size range of 2-3 mm, a packing height of 60 cm, an inlet flow rate of 0.5-0.8 m³ / h, a penetration time of 4-8 hours, and a standard filter material replacement based on a pressure drop of 100 kPa. The airflow pulsation acceleration separation uses a pulsation frequency of 45-50 Hz, an air volume of 650 m³ / h, a carrier gas temperature of 70°C, and a feed rate of 30-60 kg / h. The split ratio of the cyclone flotation oil removal is 5%, the microbubble particle size is 10-20 μm, the dissolved gas pressure is 400-500 kPa, and the gas-liquid ratio is 6%-8%. The coarse vibrating screen (4) has a mesh size of 50 mm, and the fine vibrating screen (5) has a mesh size of 10 mm. The fluidized bed filter (7) is set up in two sections in parallel. The height of the sorting column is 1000-1600mm, and it is composed of multiple sections, each section is 200mm long, connected by flanges, and has an inner diameter of 50-100mm.

[0046] A method for separating and treating organic waste by quality, comprising the following steps: (A) Organic waste pretreatment: Organic waste such as restaurant / household kitchen waste that has been pre-treated by traditional mechanical pulping or hydraulic pulping is tested for TS using microwave irradiation. If TS is ≤ 20%, it enters the subsequent treatment stage. If TS is > 20%, it is measured and accurately diluted with water to TS 20% before entering the next stage.

[0047] (B) Screening of solid particles in organic waste slurry: The pretreated slurry obtained in step (A) is subjected to primary screening and secondary screening to remove large particles of impurities with a particle size greater than 10 mm in the slurry, and organic impurities (such as bones, etc.) are sorted out and crushed into particles with a size of ≤10 mm, which are then mixed with the undersize to form an organic slurry; (C) Fluidized bed depth filtration and solid-phase airflow acceleration sorting: The organic slurry obtained in step (B) is deep-filtered through a fluidized bed. Microchannels are formed by the accumulated particles. Through collision, interception, diffusion, and adsorption between the particles, solid phases with a particle size greater than 1 mm (such as rice grains, eggshells, shellfish, and gravel) are retained in the filter packing, while small-sized fine sand with a particle size ≤ 1 mm enters the liquid slurry. The solid phase is then sorted by airflow pulsation acceleration. As the solid phase falls through the sorting column, different materials have different motion trajectories and displacements due to differences in particle density, particle size, and dynamic properties under the action of the pulsating airflow. Organic matter ultimately flows to the top of the sorting column and is discharged with the carrier gas, while denser inorganic matter is discharged from the bottom of the sorting column, separating into organic solid phases (such as rice grains) and inorganic solid phases (such as eggshells, shellfish, and quartz sand filter media). (D) Liquid-Phase Slurry Desanding and Oil Removal: The slurry obtained in step (C) is subjected to cyclone flow for sand removal. Microbubbles are introduced into the desanded slurry to form an "oil droplet-microbubble adhesion complex" for cyclone-enhanced flotation oil removal. The slurry enters the container cavity from the bottom, where it contacts the bubble mixer and forms a cyclone. Small bubbles and oil droplets coalesce. Under the rapid centrifugal flow, the oil droplets continue to grow in size until they reach the top, where the oil phase is discharged from the overflow port. The deoiled slurry sinks along the outer cavity and is discharged from the underflow port.

[0048] The deoiled slurry, organic solid phase, inorganic solid phase and oil separated through the above steps are respectively utilized as resources.

[0049] like Figure 1The organic waste slurry is temporarily stored in the waste slurry adding and discharging tank 1. First, the microwave detector 2 generates microwave irradiation to detect the solid content. If the solid content in the slurry is higher than 20%, the sensor controller 3 controls the water pipe to add water for dilution. Then, the coarse vibrating screen 4 and the fine vibrating screen 5 are used to screen out the large-sized solid waste in the slurry. The size of the waste entering the subsequent system is no more than 10mm. The large-particle waste with a particle size greater than 10mm is screened and enters the sorting and crushing system 6, where the organic matter (bones, etc.) in the large-sized waste is crushed and enters the In the subsequent process, inorganic matter (plastics, ceramics, etc.) is landfilled; the garbage slurry entering the fluidized bed filter 7 is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the accumulated particles are used to form microchannels. Through the collision, interception, diffusion and adsorption between particles, the solid phase (rice grains, eggshells, shellfish and gravel, etc.) with a particle size greater than 1mm is retained in the filter filler, and the small particle size fine sand with a particle size ≤1mm enters the liquid slurry, and the liquid slurry enters the cyclone desander 8. The solid phase garbage (rice grains, eggshells, etc.) is retained in the filter filler, and the solid phase garbage (rice grains, eggshells, etc.) and the filter filler enter The airflow acceleration sorting column 9 uses its density difference to perform airflow pulsation acceleration sorting. The pulsating airflow is generated by the pulsating airflow generator 10. Organic matter (rice grains, etc.) and inorganic matter (eggshells, shellfish, filter materials) have different accelerations in the pulsating airflow field, thus having different motion trajectories and displacements, thereby achieving separation of organic matter and inorganic matter. The garbage slurry entering the cyclone desander 8 is subjected to cyclone desandering and the fine sand produced by the cyclone desander is landfilled. The slurry after desandering is passed into the microbubble generator 11 and mixed with microbubbles to form "oil droplet-microbubble adhesion bodies" in the cyclone flotation desander. The oiler 14 performs cyclone-enhanced flotation deoiling; the oil phase produced by the cyclone flotation deoiling is recovered to produce biomass oil, and the slurry enters the anaerobic fermentation system to produce hydrogen. The produced biomass oil and hydrogen are used to produce energy, and the generated energy is stored in the energy storage device 15, which is used as a heat source for the hydrothermal carbonizer 12 and the incinerator 13; organic matter (rice grains, etc.) is produced into biochar by the hydrothermal carbonizer 12 system, and inorganic matter (eggshells, shellfish, etc.) and fillers are incinerated in the incinerator 13, and the fillers are reused. The inorganic waste is separated to produce a decontamination regulator for sewage treatment.

[0050] After extensive and in-depth research, the inventors of this application found that organic waste often has complex components. If it cannot be effectively separated, it will have an adverse effect on the efficiency of subsequent resource processing. At the same time, the oil phase and impurities present in the organic waste slurry will also affect the subsequent anaerobic digestion. In a high-speed rotating cyclone field, the high-speed centrifugal force of the cyclone field can be used to achieve efficient sand and oil removal. In addition, microbubbles are introduced into the cyclone oil removal process. The cyclone process has a good mixing effect on the microbubbles and the oil phase, which can enhance the cyclone flotation oil removal process.

[0051] Moreover, since organic matter and inorganic matter in organic waste have different densities, the different accelerations of organic matter and inorganic matter with different densities in the pulsating airflow field, as well as different trajectories and displacements, can be used to achieve efficient separation of organic matter and inorganic matter, and obtain high-purity organic matter and inorganic matter for separate resource processing.

[0052] The technical solution of this application can effectively reduce the operating cost of the process, save resources, protect the environment, and comply with the sustainable development strategy of the food waste treatment industry of "resource utilization, harmlessness, and reduction".

[0053] Experimental Example 1 A certain restaurant kitchen waste treatment plant carried out the whole process of treating restaurant kitchen waste slurry according to the method and apparatus of the present invention. The specific operation process and effect are described as follows: Nature of food waste The solid phase of food waste includes bones, rice grains, vegetable leaves, eggshells, shells, etc., with TS of 7.5-11.5%, VS of 83-90%, oil content of 0.5-0.8%, ash content of 1.5-1.9%, viscosity of 1.8-4.9 Pa·s, COD of 11×104-16×104 mg / L, pH value of 3.5-4.5, and food waste slurry volume of 15~20 t / h.

[0054] Experimental process The food waste is mechanically pulped to form an organic waste slurry. The slurry is first tested for solid content by microwave irradiation. The TS content is 11.5%, and no water adjustment is required. The garbage slurry is screened by a coarse vibrating screen and a fine vibrating screen. Bones and plastic bottles with a particle size greater than 10 mm in the slurry are screened out. The bones and other organic impurities are sorted out and crushed to a particle size of ≤10 mm by a crusher. Then, the organic slurry is mixed with the undersize to form an organic slurry. The organic slurry enters the fluidized bed at a flow rate of 0.8 m³ / h for deep filtration. The fluidized bed uses quartz sand with a particle size of 2-3 mm as the bed filter material. The packing height is 60 cm and the penetration time is 5 hours. Solid phases with a particle size greater than 1 mm (rice grains, eggshells, shellfish, gravel, etc.) are retained in the filter packing, and small-particle fine sand with a particle size of ≤1 mm enters the liquid phase slurry. The solid phase is then sorted by airflow pulsation acceleration. The sorting column is 1000 mm high and consists of 5 sections, each section is 200 mm long. mm, connected with a flange, with an inner diameter of 100mm. Nitrogen is used as the gas for airflow acceleration separation, with a pulsation frequency of 45hz, an air volume of 650m³ / h, a carrier gas temperature of 70℃, and a feed rate of 60kg / h. The solid phase is further separated into organic matter (rice grains, etc.) and inorganic matter (eggshells, shellfish and filter materials). The slurry obtained by fluidized bed separation is subjected to cyclone desanding. The slurry after desanding is introduced into 10um microbubbles and enters the cyclone deoiler. The deoiler has a split ratio of 5%, a dissolved gas pressure of 500kpa, and a gas-liquid ratio of 6%. After the cyclone gas flotation, the oil phase is discharged from the overflow port, and the deoiled slurry is discharged from the underflow port. The oil phase produced by cyclone flotation deoiling is recovered to produce biomass oil, and the slurry enters the anaerobic fermentation system to produce hydrogen. The produced biomass oil and hydrogen are used to produce energy, and the generated energy is stored in the energy storage device and used as the heat source for the hydrothermal carbonizer and incinerator. Organic matter (rice grains, etc.) is produced into biochar through the hydrothermal carbonizer system, and inorganic matter (eggshells, shellfish, etc.) and fillers are incinerated in the incinerator. The fillers are reused, and the inorganic waste is separated to produce a decontamination regulator.

[0055] 3. Experimental Results After the system is used to treat food waste, the comprehensive removal rate of heavy matter and gravel with a specific gravity greater than 2g / cm³ in the slurry is greater than 98%, among which the removal rate of heavy matter with a particle diameter of 5-10mm is greater than 99%, and the removal rate of heavy matter with a particle diameter of 1-5mm is greater than 97%; the removal rate of fine sand with a particle size less than 1mm reaches 94.2%. In addition, the deoiling efficiency can reach 99%; through the resource utilization of materials throughout the process, the amount of solid waste generated in food waste treatment can be reduced by more than 70%, and the resource utilization rate can be increased by 50%.

Claims

1. An organic waste separation and treatment system, characterized in that: The organic waste separation and treatment system comprises a waste slurry adding and discharging tank (1), a coarse vibrating screen (4), a fine vibrating screen (5), a sorting and crushing system (6), a fluidized bed filter (7), an airflow acceleration sorting column (9), a cyclone desander (8), and a cyclone flotation deoiler (14); The garbage slurry adding and discharging tank (1) is provided with a microwave detector (2) and a water adding pipe, and a sensor controller (3) connected to the microwave detector (2) and the water adding pipe for detecting and adjusting the solid content TS of the organic garbage slurry to ≤20%; The coarse vibrating screen (4) is connected to the garbage slurry feeding and discharging tank (1), and the fine vibrating screen (5) is connected to the coarse vibrating screen (4) for filtering out large particles of impurities with a particle size greater than 10 mm in the garbage slurry. The sorting and crushing system (6) is connected to the coarse vibrating screen (4) and the fine vibrating screen (5) for sorting the filtered large particles of impurities and crushing the sorted large organic particles of impurities so that they can pass through the fine vibrating screen (4) and be mixed with the undersize to form an organic slurry. The fluidized bed filter (7) is connected to the fine vibrating screen (5) and is used to perform deep filtration on the organic slurry output by the fine vibrating screen (5) to separate the solid phase with a particle size greater than 1 mm and the liquid phase slurry containing fine sand with a particle size less than 1 mm; The airflow acceleration sorting column (9) is connected to the ebullating bed filter (7), and a pulsating airflow generator (10) is provided on the column for sorting the solid phase produced by the ebullating bed filter (7) into an organic solid phase and an inorganic solid phase; The cyclone desander (8) is connected to the ebullating bed filter (7) and is used to further remove fine sand with a particle size of ≤1 mm in the liquid slurry produced by the ebullating bed filter (7); The liquid slurry produced by the cyclone desander (8) is connected to the cyclone flotation deoiler (14) via the microbubble generator (11), and the slurry and grease are separated by the buoyancy of the microbubbles and the centrifugal force of the cyclone to obtain grease and deoiled slurry; At this point, the organic waste is separated into organic solid phase, inorganic solid phase, grease and degreasing slurry, which can be utilized as resources separately.

2. The organic waste separation and treatment system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an anaerobic fermentation system, in which the deoiled slurry is fed into the anaerobic fermentation system to prepare hydrogen and methane.

3. The organic waste separation and treatment system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a hydrothermal carbonizer (12), which is connected to the airflow acceleration separation column (9) and is used to convert the organic solid phase produced by the airflow acceleration separation column (9) into biochar.

4. The organic waste separation and treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The invention also includes a solid slag collecting tank (13), which is connected to the airflow acceleration separation column (9) and is used to collect the inorganic solid phase produced by the airflow acceleration separation column (9); a cyclone separator is provided on the solid slag collecting tank (13) for recovering filter material from the fluidized bed filter (7).

5. The organic waste separation and treatment system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The invention also includes an energy storage device (15), which is connected to the combustion boiler of the anaerobic fermentation system and the hydrothermal carbonizer (12) and is used to recover the combustion heat energy of hydrogen and methane generated by anaerobic fermentation of the organic slurry, as well as the energy generated by the organic solid phase through the hydrothermal carbonizer (12).

6. The organic waste separation and treatment system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mesh size of the coarse vibrating screen (4) is 50 mm, and the mesh size of the fine vibrating screen (5) is 10 mm; at least two sections of the fluidized bed filter (7) are arranged in parallel.

7. A method for treating organic waste by using a separation and treatment system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: Organic waste pretreatment: The restaurant or household kitchen waste that has been pre-treated by mechanical pulping or hydraulic pulping is sent to the waste slurry addition tank (1), and its TS is detected by microwave irradiation. If TS is ≤20%, it enters the subsequent treatment link. If TS is >20%, it is accurately diluted with water to TS ≤20% after measurement to obtain pre-treated slurry; Screening of solid particles in organic waste slurry: The pre-treated slurry obtained in step (A) is screened and re-screened through a coarse vibrating screen (4) and a fine vibrating screen (5) to remove large particles of impurities with a particle size greater than 10 mm in the slurry; then, a sorting and crushing system (6) is used to sort out the organic impurities therein, crush them into particles with a size of ≤10 mm, and then mix them with the undersize to form an organic slurry; Fluidized bed depth filtration and solid phase airflow acceleration sorting: the organic slurry obtained in step (B) is deeply filtered through a fluidized bed filter (7) to separate the organic slurry into a solid phase and a liquid phase slurry; the solid phase with a particle size greater than 1 mm is retained in the filter filler, and the small particle size fine sand with a particle size less than 1 mm enters the liquid phase slurry; the solid phase is separated from the mixed filter material by a cyclone separator and purified to obtain a pure solid phase, and the separated filter material is treated and then re-entered into the fluidized bed filter (7) for reuse; the obtained solid phase is sent to an airflow acceleration sorting column (9) for airflow pulsation acceleration sorting to separate it into an organic solid phase and an inorganic solid phase; Liquid slurry desanding and deoiling: the liquid slurry obtained in step (C) is fed into a cyclone desander (8) for cyclone desanding, the desanded liquid slurry is mixed with microbubbles generated by a microbubble generator (11) and then fed into a cyclone flotation deoiler (14) for cyclone-enhanced flotation deoiling to obtain deoiled slurry and grease; At this point, the deoiled slurry, organic solid phase, inorganic solid phase and grease are separated.

8. The method for treating organic waste by separation and treatment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method further includes sending the deoiled slurry in step (D) into an anaerobic fermentation system for anaerobic fermentation to obtain hydrogen.

9. The method for treating organic waste by separation and treatment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The organic solid phase obtained in step (C) is fed into a hydrothermal carbonizer (12) to convert the organic solid phase into biochar.

10. The method for treating organic waste by separation and treatment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inorganic solid phase obtained in step (C) is sent to a solid residue collection tank (13) for collection; the heat energy of hydrogen, methane and the like generated by anaerobic fermentation of the deoiled slurry after incineration is sent to an energy storage device (15).

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