High-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of self-priming pump, in particular to a high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump, which comprises a base, a first pump cavity, a motor, a rain shield, a first impeller, a compensation assembly and a drainage assembly, the first pump cavity, the motor and the rain shield are sequentially installed on the upper end of the base, the first impeller is installed at the inner axis position of the first pump cavity, the drainage assembly is installed at the lower end of the first impeller, and two compensation assemblies are respectively installed in the drainage assembly; the drainage assembly is used for guiding the liquid surface to overflow the first impeller and removing the large-particle solids in the fluid after being started, and the compensation assembly drives the first impeller to move downward to reduce the gap when detecting that the gap between the first impeller and the inner wall of the first pump cavity becomes larger, so as to solve the problem that the blade tip is easily eroded by the solid particles when the content of solid particles in the liquid transported by the centrifugal pump is too much, which leads to the decrease of the flow and lift of the centrifugal pump and the significant reduction of the efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of self-priming pump technology, and specifically to a high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump. Background Technology

[0002] Centrifugal pumps, as the most common type of self-priming pump, work by using a motor to drive the pump shaft and rotate the impeller at high speed. The liquid in the central region of the impeller, rotating along with the blades, is then rapidly thrown towards the outer edge of the impeller by centrifugal force. This creates a low-pressure zone (even close to a vacuum) in the center of the impeller (near the suction inlet), forcing liquid from the source into this low-pressure zone and replenishing the central region of the impeller.

[0003] The impellers used in existing centrifugal pumps are mainly divided into two types: closed and semi-closed. Closed impellers have front and rear cover plates on both sides and have high transport efficiency. However, due to the internal aperture of the impeller, they can only be used to transport clean liquids without impurities. Semi-closed impellers have no cover plate on one side of the suction inlet and a cover plate on the other side. Although the transport efficiency is lower, they can transport liquids that are easy to settle and contain particles, making them suitable for most scenarios. Therefore, they are widely used in various industrial scenarios.

[0004] However, when a semi-hermetic centrifugal pump is transporting liquids with excessive impurities, such as wastewater from many industrial processes (e.g., metallurgy, chemical industry, papermaking, food processing, coal washing) containing high concentrations of suspended solids, the impeller blades are easily eroded by solid particles during liquid transport. This increases the gap between the impeller blade tip and the casing, leading to a decrease in flow rate and head, a significant reduction in efficiency, and increased motor energy consumption and load. Furthermore, the wastewater itself may contain dissolved or reacted gases (such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and chlorine) at high concentrations, potentially causing cavitation. This occurs when bubbles form in low-pressure areas, and when these bubbles burst in high-temperature areas, they generate high-pressure impacts, further damaging the blades and pump casing, thus accelerating the increase in axial clearance.

[0005] In existing technologies, the impeller is fixed to the pump shaft by a threaded bushing or adjusting nut. The bushing and pump shaft are threaded together. After stopping the machine, the locking nut is loosened, and the bushing is rotated to move the impeller axially toward the pump casing to reduce the clearance after wear. Alternatively, a hydraulic automatic compensation system is installed in the pump body. The clearance size is detected by an ultrasonic probe and compensated by the hydraulic system. However, the first method requires stopping the pump when adjusting the axial clearance, which affects continuous production. The second method makes the hydraulic pump more expensive, but only extends the pump body's lifespan by 2-3 years. This method is only suitable for high-end applications. Moreover, hydraulic compensation requires a large amount of data to predict the compensation amount. Otherwise, incorrect compensation prediction may damage the pump body. Furthermore, neither of these methods can remove solid particles from the liquid. In subsequent processes, solid particles will still wash away other components of the self-priming pump, causing damage to the machine.

[0006] Therefore, a high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump. This invention compensates for the axial clearance of the impeller when the blade tip is worn, and simultaneously provides a flow-guiding component to ensure that the liquid level is higher than the impeller when the self-priming pump is working. This allows the impeller to generate sufficient negative pressure to draw in the liquid from the lower end when it starts up, while also filtering solid particles in the fluid to reduce damage to the impeller. This invention addresses the problem that when the liquid being pumped by a centrifugal pump contains too many solid particles, the blade tip is easily eroded by the solid particles, leading to a decrease in the flow rate and head of the centrifugal pump, as well as a significant reduction in efficiency.

[0008] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump, comprising a base, a first pump chamber, a motor, a rain shield, a first impeller, a compensation component, and a flow guiding component. The first pump chamber, the motor, and the rain shield are sequentially installed on the upper end of the base. The first impeller is installed on the axial position inside the first pump chamber. The flow guiding component is installed on the lower end of the first impeller. Two compensation components are respectively installed inside the flow guiding component. The flow guiding component guides the liquid surface to overflow the first impeller and removes large solid particles from the fluid. When the compensation component detects that the gap between the first impeller and the inner wall of the first pump chamber has increased, it lifts to compensate for the increased gap.

[0009] Preferably, the diversion assembly includes a second pump chamber, a second impeller, a waterproof motor, a connecting pipe, and a filter chamber. The second pump chamber is located at the lower end of the first pump chamber. The second impeller is installed at the axial position of the second pump chamber, and blades are connected to both the upper and lower sides of the second impeller. The waterproof motor is installed inside the second pump chamber and connected to the second impeller. The waterproof motor is an energy-saving motor. The filter chamber is located at the lower end of the first pump chamber. The connecting pipe passes through the filter chamber and connects the first pump chamber and the second pump chamber. A suction pipe is provided at the lower end of the second pump chamber. A spiral conveyor rod is connected to the lower end of the second impeller, and the edge of the spiral conveyor rod is in close contact with the suction pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the compensation component includes a movable wedge, a disc spring, an elastic pressure plate, and a sealing ring. The elastic pressure plate has an "L"-shaped cross-section, with one end connected to the bottom of the first pump chamber and the other end connected to the side wall of the first pump chamber. The sealing ring is installed between the elastic pressure plate and the side wall of the first pump chamber. A sliding groove is provided at the bottom of the first pump chamber, and the movable wedge is slidably installed in the sliding groove. The disc spring is connected between the movable wedge and the adjacent side of the vertical portion of the elastic pressure plate.

[0011] Preferably, a secondary screening pipe is connected between the first pump chamber and the second pump chamber, and the diameter of the secondary screening pipe gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0012] Preferably, the filter chamber is conical from both ends, and a filter screen is installed inside the filter chamber, with the filter screen installed in the middle position.

[0013] Preferably, the connection between the connecting pipe and the first pump chamber is inclined, the axis of the connecting pipe intersects the axis of the first impeller, the intersection point is located at the lower end of the first impeller, and the negative pressure generated by the first impeller and the second impeller have similar suction at the intersection point, and an isolation net is installed on the first impeller.

[0014] Preferably, the filter screen is curved, and a return groove is provided at the lower end of the side communicating with the second pump chamber. The return groove is U-shaped, and a switch valve is provided at the lower end of the return groove.

[0015] Preferably, the inner wall of the first pump chamber is provided with a mating groove, and the sealing ring is fitted to the surface of the mating groove.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. This invention, by setting up a flow-guiding component and a compensation component, introduces liquid into the filtration chamber through the flow-guiding component to filter solid particles therein, and simultaneously pushes the liquid into the first pump chamber, filling the first pump chamber with liquid, thereby placing the first impeller in a liquid environment. This allows the first impeller to form sufficient negative pressure in the middle region when rotating. At the same time, a secondary screening chamber is set up, and the suction generated by the upper blades of the second impeller slows down the liquid flow velocity at the lower end of the first impeller, avoiding cavitation. Meanwhile, the remaining solid particles are filtered by the filter screen on the first impeller and fall into the secondary screening chamber for re-screening, thereby reducing the rate at which the impeller develops axial clearance and extending the service life of the impeller.

[0018] 2. This invention, by setting up a diversion assembly, places the second impeller in the diversion assembly below the liquid surface and opens a filter chamber on the outside of the second pump chamber. When the self-priming pump starts, the second impeller draws liquid and passes it through the filter chamber to the first impeller, placing the first impeller in a liquid environment. At the same time, the liquid is thrown towards the edge of the impeller due to centrifugal force, which can generate sufficient negative pressure in the middle part of the impeller to ensure that the machine can operate normally. Meanwhile, solid particles in the liquid are screened out by the filter screen in the filter chamber. At the same time, blades are set on both sides of the second impeller, and the blades facing the first pump chamber form a reverse suction force, thereby further removing solid particles in the liquid and preventing excessive wear of the impeller by solid particles. This slows down the rate at which the impeller develops axial clearance and extends the service life of the impeller.

[0019] 3. By setting up a compensation component, when the axial clearance between the impeller blades and the inner wall of the pump casing is too large, the liquid flows back to the negative pressure zone in the middle of the impeller through the axial clearance, which will cause the pressure of the liquid at the edge of the blades on the surface of the pump casing to decrease. At this time, the disc spring and the moving wedge block are used to lift the elastic pressure plate until the pressure of the liquid at the edge of the blades on the surface of the pump casing is consistent with the preload of the disc spring. In this way, the axial clearance of the impeller can be automatically compensated, avoiding the problems of reduced flow rate and head of the centrifugal pump and significant reduction in efficiency caused by excessive axial clearance, as well as increased energy consumption and increased load of the motor. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] The above and other aspects of the invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 2 Axonometric view of the sectional view of section AA in the middle;

[0025] Figure 4 This is the present invention. Figure 2 Sectional view of section AA;

[0026] Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 3 Enlarged view of section A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 6 This is the present invention. Figure 3 Enlarged view of section B;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the first impeller of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the second impeller of the present invention.

[0030] In the picture:

[0031] 1. Base;

[0032] 2. First pump chamber; 21. Slide groove; 22. Mating groove;

[0033] 3. Electric motor;

[0034] 4. Rain shield;

[0035] 5. First impeller; 51. Isolation net;

[0036] 6. Compensation component; 61. Moving wedge; 62. Disc spring; 63. Elastic pressure plate; 64. Sealing ring;

[0037] 7. Drainage assembly; 71. Second pump chamber; 711. Suction pipe; 72. Second impeller; 721. Spiral conveyor rod; 73. Waterproof motor; 74. Connecting pipe; 75. Filter chamber; 751. Filter screen; 752. Return trough; 753. Switch valve; 76. Screening pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0039] like Figure 1-3As shown, a high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump includes a base 1, a first pump chamber 2, a motor 3, a rain shield 4, a first impeller 5, a compensation assembly 6, and a diversion assembly 7. The first pump chamber 2, the motor 3, and the rain shield 4 are sequentially installed on the upper part of the base 1 from bottom to top. The base 1 is fixed to the ground. The first pump chamber 2, the motor 3, and the rain shield 4 are sequentially connected from bottom to top by bolts for easy installation and disassembly. The outer side of the first pump chamber 2 has a water outlet, which is sealed to an outer pipe through a flange ring. The motor 3 is an energy-saving motor, and a control system is installed on the motor 3, which can be remotely controlled and its status monitored. An impeller 5 is installed on the axial position inside the first pump chamber 2. The lower end of the motor 3 is connected to a transmission rod, and the lower end of the transmission rod is connected to the upper end of the first impeller 5. The motor 3 drives the first impeller 5 to rotate through the transmission rod. A waterproof cloth is connected to the outside of the transmission rod to prevent liquid from entering the motor 3 along the transmission rod. The flow guide assembly 7 is installed at the lower end of the first impeller 5. Two compensation components 6 are respectively installed in the flow guide assembly 7. The flow guide assembly 7 is activated to guide the liquid surface to overflow the first impeller 5 and remove large solid particles in the fluid. The compensation components 6 are raised to compensate for the increased gap when they detect that the gap between the first impeller 5 and the inner wall of the first pump chamber 2 has increased.

[0040] By immersing the lower end of the diversion assembly 7 in water, activating the diversion assembly 7 guides the liquid through the diversion assembly 7 into the first pump chamber 2, filling the first pump chamber 2 with liquid. This allows the first impeller 5 to generate sufficient negative pressure suction at the center position when rotating, achieving an energy-saving effect. At the same time, as the liquid passes through the diversion assembly 7, solid particles are filtered out, reducing wear on the impeller and pump casing. Meanwhile, the compensation assembly 6 compensates for the axial clearance by utilizing the pressure changes on the inner walls of the impeller and pump casing during axial wear.

[0041] like Figure 4 , Figure 6As shown, the drainage assembly 7 includes a second pump chamber 71, a second impeller 72, a waterproof motor 73, a connecting pipe 74, and a filter chamber 75. The second pump chamber 71 is located at the lower end of the first pump chamber 2 and is connected to the first pump chamber 2. The second impeller 72 is installed at the axial position of the second pump chamber 71, and blades are connected to both the upper and lower sides of the second impeller 72. The waterproof motor 73 is installed inside the second pump chamber 71. The waterproof motor 73 is an energy-saving motor and is equipped with a control system that can remotely control and monitor its status. The output end of the waterproof motor 73 is connected to the axial position of the second impeller 72. 3. The start-up mechanism drives the second impeller 72 to rotate. The filter chamber 75 is located at the lower end of the first pump chamber 2. The connecting pipe 74 passes through the filter chamber 75, connecting the first pump chamber 2 and the second pump chamber 71. A suction pipe 711 is located at the lower end of the second pump chamber 71. A spiral conveyor rod 721 is connected to the lower end of the second impeller 72. The edge of the spiral conveyor rod 721 is in close contact with the suction pipe 711. The lower ends of the suction pipe 711 and the spiral conveyor rod 721 are completely submerged in the liquid. When the self-priming pump starts, the waterproof motor 73 drives the second impeller 72 to rotate. The spiral conveyor rod 721 is connected to the lower end of the second impeller 72 and rotates with the second impeller 72. The edge of the 21-inch impeller is tightly attached to the suction pipe 711. When the screw conveyor 721 rotates rapidly, the liquid, affected by centrifugal force, will adhere tightly to the suction pipe 711 and continuously spiral upward. Since the lower ends of the suction pipe 711 and the screw conveyor 721 are completely submerged below the liquid surface, the liquid will rise and submerge the second impeller 72. At this time, when the second impeller 72 rotates, the liquid in the central area of ​​the second impeller 72 will rotate together with it under the action of the blades. Under the action of centrifugal force, the rotating liquid will be quickly thrown to the outer edge of the second impeller 72 and enter the connecting pipe 74. Since the centrifugal self-priming pump requires the liquid surface to be submerged above the impeller when it starts, when the impeller rotates, it throws the liquid to the blades by centrifugal force. The impeller's edge region is used to create a negative pressure zone in its central region, thereby achieving a continuous adsorption effect. In existing technologies, liquid is often injected into the pump to create a liquid environment for the impeller. However, since self-priming pumps are often already connected to other pipelines before startup, the injection process is cumbersome, and sealing is crucial during injection to prevent liquid from flowing out of the pump. This new method, with the continuous rotation of the second impeller 72, continuously draws liquid into the second pump chamber 71 via the screw conveyor 721, creating a liquid-filled environment. This prevents the formation of bubbles in the low-pressure zone during startup due to excessive gas content. These bubbles, when carried to the high-pressure zone, collapse instantly, generating a huge impact force that could damage the impeller and pump casing. This solution effectively protects the impeller and pump casing.

[0042] like Figure 5As shown, the compensation component 6 includes a movable wedge 61, a disc spring 62, an elastic pressure plate 63, and a sealing ring 64. The elastic pressure plate 63 has an "L"-shaped cross-section and is made of elastic metal, which bends according to changes in surface pressure. One end of the elastic pressure plate 63 is connected to the bottom of the first pump chamber 2, and the other end is tightly attached to the side wall of the first pump chamber 2. The sealing ring 64 is installed between the elastic pressure plate 63 and the side wall of the first pump chamber 2 to prevent liquid from entering the lower part of the elastic pressure plate 63 through the inner wall of the first pump chamber 2. The sealing ring 64 is an O-ring made of rubber. A groove 21 is provided at the bottom of the first pump chamber 2, and the movable wedge 61 is slidably installed in the groove 21. The upper end of the movable wedge 61 is inclined and closely adheres to the inner wall of the lower end of the elastic pressure plate 63. The disc spring 62 connects the movable wedge 61 and the adjacent side of the vertical portion of the elastic pressure plate 63. During impeller rotation, high-speed rotation and centrifugal force drive the liquid to the impeller edge, generating significant pressure on the pump cavity wall. When axial wear occurs, the liquid flows back into the negative pressure zone through the axial gap, reducing the pressure on the edge of the pump cavity wall. This reduced pressure on the elastic pressure plate 63 causes the preload of the disc spring 62 to pull the movable wedge 61 up, raising the elastic pressure plate 63. Under the combined action of its own rebound force and the preload of the disc spring 62, the elastic pressure plate 63 gradually... As the liquid moves closer to the tip of the blades of the first impeller 5, the axial clearance decreases, and the pressure of the liquid on the elastic pressure plate 63 increases. When the pressure of the liquid on the elastic pressure plate 63 equals the preload of the disc spring 62 and the rebound force of the elastic pressure plate 63, the moving wedge 61 stops moving. Since the axial clearance is gradually generated in practice, the compensation process using this method is not a drastic change. Therefore, the moving distance of the disc spring 62 is very small, and the change in preload caused by the change in the length of the disc spring 62 is very small. Compared to the huge centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the liquid driven by the first impeller 5, it is negligible and will not cause a difference in axial clearance before and after compensation. Due to the large distance and the high pressure inside the pump chamber, the friction of the moving wedge 61 is also large. Even a slight turbulence will not cause the moving wedge 61 to move. This solution can achieve automatic compensation of the axial clearance between the elastic pressure plate 63 and the side wall of the first pump chamber 2 and the first impeller 5. At the same time, this compensation component 6 is not only used to compensate for the first impeller 5, but is also installed at the upper and lower ends of the second pump chamber 71 to compensate for the wear of the blades at the upper and lower ends of the second impeller 72. Compared with the existing technical means, this method can not only achieve automatic compensation of axial clearance without stopping the machine to manually compensate for the first impeller 5, but also achieve precise compensation of axial clearance without high cost.

[0043] like Figure 4As shown, a double-screen pipe 76 is connected between the first pump chamber 2 and the second pump chamber 71. The diameter of the double-screen pipe 76 gradually increases from top to bottom. The connecting pipe 74 is inclined at the connection point with the first pump chamber 2, and the outlet of the connecting pipe 74 faces the axis of the first impeller 5. The axis of the connecting pipe 74 intersects the axis of the first impeller 5, and the intersection point is located at the lower end of the first impeller 5. The negative pressure generated by the first impeller 5 and the second impeller 72 at the intersection point has similar suction force. An isolation net 51 is installed on the first impeller 5. When the liquid passes through the filter... After filtration in chamber 75, the water flows into the first pump chamber 2 through connecting pipe 74. Because multiple connecting pipes 74 are symmetrically arranged, the water flow entering the first pump chamber 2 through the connecting pipes 74 cancels out the horizontal flow velocity. Furthermore, because the second impeller 72 has blades at its upper end, the suction force of the negative pressure zone generated by the second impeller 72 counteracts the vertical flow velocity of the water entering the first pump chamber 2 through the connecting pipe 74 and the negative pressure suction force generated by the first impeller 5. To ensure that the suction force of the negative pressure zone generated by the second impeller 72 is sufficiently large, a secondary sieve is installed. The diameter of pipe 76 gradually increases from top to bottom. As the pipe diameter gradually increases, the flow velocity and liquid pressure gradually decrease. This reduces the flow velocity of the liquid at the lower end of the first impeller 5, thus preventing cavitation. At this point, the liquid at the intersection of the axis of the connecting pipe 74 and the axis of the first impeller 5 is not affected by external forces. The remaining solid particles in the liquid are affected by gravity and will enter the second pump chamber 71 through the double screen pipe 76 and then enter the filter chamber 75 through the connecting pipe 74 for re-screening. The solid particles adsorbed by the first impeller 5 will be intercepted by the isolation net 51 and enter the double screen pipe 76. In this way, the solid particles can be further filtered, reducing the wear of solid particles on the impeller and pump casing, reducing the rate of increase in axial clearance, and increasing the service life of the centrifugal self-priming pump. At the same time, this method can slow down the liquid flow velocity at the lower end of the first impeller 5, reducing the occurrence of cavitation and protecting the impeller and pump casing. While reducing the rate of increase in axial clearance, it also extends the service life of the impeller and pump casing.

[0044] like Figure 6 As shown, the two ends of the filter chamber 75 are conical, and a filter screen 751 is installed inside the filter chamber 75. The filter screen 751 is installed in the middle of the filter chamber 75. In the above scheme, when the liquid enters the filter chamber 75 through the second pump chamber 71, under the action of this conical structure, the liquid speed will increase due to the reduction of the aperture, so that it will pass through the filter screen 751 with a greater hydraulic pressure, thereby increasing its filtration effect.

[0045] like Figure 6As shown, the filter screen 751 is curved, and a return channel 752 is provided at the lower end of the side connected to the second pump chamber 71. The return channel 752 is U-shaped, and a switch valve 753 is provided at the lower end of the return channel 752. By setting the return channel 752 in the filter chamber 75 and setting the filter screen 751 to be curved, the solid particles filtered by the filter screen 751 are flushed into the return channel 752 by the force of the liquid. Since the return channel 752 is U-shaped, the solid particles will be deposited at the bottom of the return channel 752 and will be discharged when the self-priming pump is about to start pumping. When the work is finished, the solid particles can be flushed out of the filter chamber 75 by opening the switch valve 753. This solution can remove solid particles from the liquid, collect and discharge them, and prevent excessive wear of the impeller by solid particles. This slows down the rate at which the impeller develops axial clearance and extends the service life of the impeller. At the same time, it avoids the problem of the filter screen 751 being blocked by solid particles due to long-term use, which would affect the transmission efficiency.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the inner wall of the first pump chamber 2 is provided with a mating groove 22, and the sealing ring 64 is attached to the surface of the mating groove 22. The cross-section of the mating groove 22 is triangular. The surface of the mating groove 22 is attached to the sealing ring 64, and the squeezing force between the mating groove 22 and the sealing ring 64 is always equal as the elastic pressure plate 63 moves. In this way, it can be avoided that when the pressure generated by the liquid presses on the elastic pressure plate 63, the deformation of the bending part of the elastic pressure plate 63 will cause it to excessively squeeze the sealing ring 64 on the surface of the mating groove 22, which would damage the sealing ring 64.

[0047] Working principle: When the self-priming pump starts, the second impeller 72 draws liquid through the filter chamber 75 to the first impeller 5, placing the first impeller 5 in a liquid environment to prevent cavitation. Simultaneously, the liquid, due to centrifugal force, is thrown towards the impeller edge, generating sufficient negative pressure in the middle of the impeller to ensure normal machine operation. Solid particles in the liquid are screened out by the filter screen 751 in the filter chamber 75. Blades are provided on both sides of the second impeller 72, and the blades facing the first pump chamber 2 create a reverse suction force, further removing solid particles and preventing excessive wear on the impeller. When the axial clearance between the impeller blades and the pump casing is too large, the liquid flows back to the negative pressure area in the middle of the impeller through the axial clearance, causing a decrease in pressure on the pump casing surface from the blade edge. At this point, the disc spring 62 and the moving wedge 61 lift the elastic pressure plate 63 until the pressure of the liquid on the pump casing surface from the blade edge matches the preload of the disc spring 62, thus achieving automatic compensation for the axial clearance.

[0048] Specifically, the axial clearance compensation process is as follows: When the impeller experiences axial wear, the liquid will flow back into the negative pressure zone through the axial clearance. At this time, the pressure on the edge of the pump cavity wall will decrease. As the pressure on the elastic pressure plate 63 decreases, the preload of the disc spring 62 will pull the moving wedge 61 to raise the elastic pressure plate 63. Under the action of its own rebound force and the preload of the disc spring 62, the elastic pressure plate 63 gradually moves closer to the tip of the blade of the first impeller 5. As it moves closer, the axial clearance becomes smaller and the pressure of the liquid on the elastic pressure plate 63 increases. When the pressure of the liquid on the elastic pressure plate 63 is equal to the preload of the disc spring 62 and the rebound force of the elastic pressure plate 63, the moving wedge 61 stops moving, thus achieving automatic compensation for the axial clearance.

[0049] Drainage Process: When the self-priming pump starts, the waterproof motor 73 drives the second impeller 72 to rotate. The spiral conveyor rod 721 is connected to the lower end of the second impeller 72 and rotates together with it. Since the edge of the spiral conveyor rod 721 is in close contact with the suction pipe 711, when the spiral conveyor rod 721 rotates rapidly, the liquid, affected by centrifugal force, will adhere to the suction pipe 711 and continuously spiral upward. Because the suction pipe 711 and the lower end of the spiral conveyor rod 721 are completely submerged below the liquid surface, they will drive the liquid... The liquid rises and submerges the second impeller 72. When the second impeller 72 rotates, the liquid in the central area of ​​the second impeller 72 rotates together with it under the action of the blades. Under the action of centrifugal force, the rotating liquid is quickly thrown to the outer edge of the second impeller 72 and enters the connecting pipe 74. Since the centrifugal self-priming pump needs the liquid surface to be submerged in the impeller when it starts, when the impeller rotates, it throws the liquid to the edge area of ​​the impeller by centrifugal force, so that a negative pressure zone is generated in the central area, thereby achieving a continuous adsorption effect.

[0050] Secondary screening process: After the liquid is filtered through the filter chamber 75, it flows into the first pump chamber 2 through the connecting pipe 74. Since the multiple connecting pipes 74 are symmetrically arranged, the water flow entering the first pump chamber 2 through the connecting pipe 74 will offset its horizontal flow velocity. Since the second impeller 72 is equipped with blades at the upper end, the suction force of the negative pressure zone generated by the second impeller 72 will offset the vertical flow velocity of the water flow entering the first pump chamber 2 through the connecting pipe 74 and the negative pressure suction force generated by the first impeller 5. At this time, the liquid at the intersection of the axis of the connecting pipe 74 and the axis of the first impeller 5 is not affected by external forces. At this time, the remaining solid particles in the liquid will be affected by gravity and will enter the second pump chamber 71 through the secondary screening pipe 76, thus being reintroduced into the filtration cycle.

[0051] Solid particle removal process: The solid particles filtered by the filter screen 751 are flushed into the return tank 752 by the force of the liquid. Since the return tank 752 is U-shaped, the solid particles will be deposited at the bottom of the return tank 752. When the self-priming pump is about to finish working, the solid particles can be flushed out of the filter chamber 75 by opening the switch valve 753.

[0052] The technical features disclosed above are not limited to combinations of the disclosed features with other features. Those skilled in the art may also make other combinations of the technical features according to the purpose of the disclosure in order to achieve the purpose of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump, comprising a base (1), a first pump chamber (2), a motor (3), and a rain shield (4), characterized in that: It also includes a first impeller (5), a compensation component (6), and a diversion component (7). The first pump chamber (2), the motor (3), and the rain shield (4) are sequentially installed on the upper end of the base (1). The first impeller (5) is installed on the axial position inside the first pump chamber (2). The diversion component (7) is installed on the lower end of the first impeller (5). The diversion component (7) is activated to guide the liquid surface to overflow the first impeller (5) and remove large solid particles in the fluid. The compensation component (6) is lifted to compensate for the increased gap when the gap between the first impeller (5) and the inner wall of the first pump chamber (2) increases. The diversion assembly (7) includes a second pump chamber (71), a second impeller (72), a waterproof motor (73), a connecting pipe (74), and a filter chamber (75). The second pump chamber (71) is located at the lower end of the first pump chamber (2). The second impeller (72) is installed at the axial position of the second pump chamber (71). The second impeller (72) has blades on both the upper and lower sides. The waterproof motor (73) is installed inside the second pump chamber (71) and connected to the second impeller (72). The filter chamber (75) is opened at the lower end of the first pump chamber (2). The connecting pipe (74) passes through the filter chamber (75) and connects the first pump chamber (2) and the second pump chamber (71). A suction pipe (711) is opened at the lower end of the second pump chamber (71). A spiral conveyor rod (721) is connected to the lower end of the second impeller (72). The edge of the spiral conveyor rod (721) is close to the suction pipe (711). The compensation component (6) includes a movable wedge (61), a disc spring (62), an elastic pressure plate (63), and a sealing ring (64). The elastic pressure plate (63) has an "L" shaped cross-section, with one end connected to the bottom of the first pump chamber (2) and the other end tightly attached to the side wall of the first pump chamber (2). The sealing ring (64) is installed between the elastic pressure plate (63) and the side wall of the first pump chamber (2). A sliding groove (21) is provided at the bottom of the first pump chamber (2). The movable wedge (61) is slidably installed in the sliding groove (21). The disc spring (62) is connected between the movable wedge (61) and the adjacent side of the vertical portion of the elastic pressure plate (63).

2. The high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between the connecting pipe (74) and the first pump chamber (2) is inclined. The axis of the connecting pipe (74) intersects the axis of the first impeller (5). The intersection point is located at the lower end of the first impeller (5). The negative pressure generated by the first impeller (5) and the second impeller (72) at the intersection point has similar suction force. An isolation net (51) is installed on the first impeller (5).

3. The high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: A double screen tube (76) is connected between the first pump chamber (2) and the second pump chamber (71), and the diameter of the double screen tube (76) gradually increases from bottom to top.

4. The high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter chamber (75) is conical from both ends, and a filter screen (751) is installed inside the filter chamber (75), with the filter screen (751) installed in the middle of the filter chamber (75).

5. The high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filter screen (751) is curved, and a return groove (752) is provided at the lower end of the side that is connected to the second pump chamber (71). The return groove (752) is U-shaped, and a switch valve (753) is provided at the lower end of the return groove (752).

6. The high-efficiency vacuum energy-saving self-priming pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the first pump chamber (2) is provided with a mating groove (22), and the sealing ring (64) is attached to the surface of the mating groove (22).

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