Intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport test

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bed load sediment transport tests, in particular to an intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport tests, which comprises a plurality of temporary bed load storage cavities, a plurality of plug valves, two transmission gears, a driving rack, a driving gear, a self-locking motor and a control circuit, the plug valve is installed and arranged according to a specific mode, the transmission gear is connected with a plug body of the plug valve, the self-locking motor drives the driving gear, the driving rack is meshed with related gears, the control circuit controls the self-locking motor to rotate, and the specific composition of the control circuit, the connecting mode of all parts and the like are designed in detail. The technical effect that intermittent sampling in the bed load sediment transport test can be achieved is achieved, and effective equipment support is provided for sediment test sampling work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sediment test sampling, and in particular to an intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport test. Background Art

[0002] In research fields such as hydraulic engineering and river dynamics, bedload transport tests are crucial for understanding the dynamics of river sediment movement, assessing river channel changes, and assessing the safety of water conservancy facilities. Bedload refers to sediment particles that roll, slide, or leap along the riverbed under the influence of currents. Accurately acquiring bedload transport data helps develop more precise mathematical models, providing a scientific basis for the planning, design, and operation of hydraulic projects. As research continues to deepen, higher requirements are placed on the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of bedload transport sampling.

[0003] In the past, two main methods were commonly used to collect bedload samples during bedload transport experiments. Manual sampling is a more traditional method. Operators use simple sampling tools, such as shovels and buckets, to collect bedload samples directly within the test area at specific time points. This method is relatively simple to operate and does not require complex equipment, but it requires a significant amount of manpower and time. Furthermore, due to the uncertainty of manual operation, the consistency and accuracy of sampling results are difficult to ensure. On the other hand, continuous sampling devices are also widely used. These devices typically use pipes or containers to continuously collect bedload and estimate sediment transport through flow metering and other methods. However, they cannot accurately distinguish sediment transport conditions over different time periods and are less capable of capturing information about intermittent changes in bedload. Furthermore, some semi-automated sampling devices, while somewhat improving sampling efficiency, still suffer from complex structures and difficult maintenance.

[0004] These existing sampling methods have obvious flaws. Manual sampling not only consumes a lot of manpower and time, but is also greatly affected by the subjective factors of the operator, resulting in large errors in the sampling results. Continuous sampling devices have difficulty accurately recording the bed load transport conditions in different time periods and cannot meet the needs of studying the intermittent change characteristics of bed loads. The complex structure of the semi-automatic sampling device increases the equipment cost and maintenance difficulty, and reduces the reliability and stability of the device. These problems make it difficult for existing sampling methods to meet the requirements of modern bed load transport experiments for high-precision, high-efficiency and high-reliability sampling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport tests.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] An intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport test, comprising a plurality of bed load temporary storage chambers, a plurality of stopcock valves, two transmission gears, a drive rack, a drive gear, a self-locking motor and a control circuit;

[0008] Multiple bed load storage cavities are arranged in a columnar, vertical and parallel manner;

[0009] Each temporary bed load storage chamber is equipped with two plug valves from top to bottom, and the plug bodies of the multiple plug valves located on the upper side are coaxially fixedly connected and rotatable around the axis, while the plug bodies of the multiple plug valves located on the lower side are coaxially fixedly connected and rotatable around the axis; the medium channels of the two plug valves on the same temporary bed load storage chamber are arranged perpendicular to each other;

[0010] The two transmission gears are respectively coaxially fixedly connected to the plug bodies of two plug valves on a temporary storage chamber for the bed load;

[0011] The self-locking motor is fixedly arranged, the driving gear is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft of the self-locking motor, and the driving rack is meshed with the two transmission gears and the driving gear;

[0012] The control circuit is electrically connected to the self-locking motor and is used to drive the self-locking motor to rotate.

[0013] Optionally, the control circuit includes a power supply, a first spring switch, a second spring switch, a first double-control switch, a second double-control switch, a first electromagnet, a second electromagnet, a third electromagnet, a fourth electromagnet, a first wheel conductive mechanism and a second wheel conductive mechanism, wherein

[0014] The positive electrode of the power supply, the first electromagnet, the first wheel conductive mechanism, the third electromagnet, and the negative electrode of the power supply are electrically connected in sequence;

[0015] The positive electrode of the power supply, the third electromagnet, the second wheel conductive mechanism, the fourth electromagnet, and the negative electrode of the power supply are electrically connected in sequence;

[0016] The contact of the first double-control switch is electrically connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the contact of the second double-control switch is electrically connected to the negative pole of the power supply;

[0017] The first spring switch and the second spring switch are respectively fixedly mounted on both ends of the driving rack and spaced apart from the end of the driving rack;

[0018] The first static contact of the first double-control switch, the first spring switch, and the first connector of the self-locking motor are connected in sequence;

[0019] The second static contact of the first double-control switch, the second spring switch, and the second connector of the self-locking motor are connected in sequence;

[0020] The first static contact of the second double-control switch is connected to the second connector of the self-locking motor, and the second static contact of the second double-control switch is connected to the first connector of the self-locking motor;

[0021] The first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are respectively arranged on both sides of the contact of the first double-control switch; the third electromagnet and the fourth electromagnet are respectively arranged on both sides of the contact of the second double-control switch.

[0022] Optionally, the first wheel disc conductive mechanism and the second wheel disc conductive mechanism both include a mounting plate, a conductive rod, a drive motor and a plurality of conductive sheets. The mounting plate and the drive motor are fixedly arranged, one end of the conductive rod is insulated and connected to the rotating shaft of the drive motor, and the plurality of conductive sheets are mounted on the mounting plate in a ring-shaped manner and at equal intervals around the rotating shaft of the motor; the conductive rod can slide on the plate surface of the mounting plate, and the other end of the conductive rod can be operably contacted with the plurality of conductive sheets.

[0023] Optionally, one end of the conductive rod in the first wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the negative pole of the power supply through a third electromagnet; each conductive sheet in the first wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the first electromagnet through a corresponding switch.

[0024] Optionally, one end of the conductive rod in the second wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the negative pole of the power supply through a fourth electromagnet; each conductive sheet in the second wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the third electromagnet through a corresponding switch.

[0025] Optionally, the control circuit further includes a first sliding rheostat and a second sliding rheostat, the first sliding rheostat being connected in series between the first static contact and the first spring switch of the first double-control switch; the second sliding rheostat being connected in series between the second static contact and the second spring switch of the first double-control switch.

[0026] Optionally, insulating pressure rods are installed at both ends of the driving rack.

[0027] Optionally, the upper end of each bed load temporary storage cavity is funnel-shaped, and the upper opposite side walls of every two adjacent bed load temporary storage cavities form a whole.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. Multiple bed load temporary storage chambers enable intermittent storage and sampling of bed load. The stopcock configuration and special connection method flexibly control the flow and on / off of the medium. The transmission gear, drive rack, and drive gear cooperate to enable the self-locking motor to drive the stopcock, achieving synchronous operation. The control circuit drives the self-locking motor to complete the sampling operation of the entire device, meeting the intermittent sampling requirements of bed load sediment transport experiments.

[0030] 2. The specifically structured control circuit is powered by a power supply and utilizes components such as the first and second disc conductive mechanisms to form different circuits. The first and second double-control switches, first, second, third, and fourth electromagnets simultaneously control the direction of power flow to the self-locking motor, thereby controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the self-locking motor. This causes the drive gear to drive the drive rack, ultimately controlling the rotation of the plug valve to meet the requirements of intermittent sampling in bed load transport experiments.

[0031] 3. The conductive rod of the wheel conductive mechanism rotates around the axis driven by the drive motor, contacting different conductive sheets to realize the conduction or disconnection of different circuits, thereby achieving more flexible and precise electrical control of the device, so that the device can stably and reliably perform intermittent sampling according to the predetermined program. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport test of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the bed load temporary storage chamber of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 2 is a circuit diagram of the control circuit of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1. temporary storage chamber for transported material; 2. stopcock; 3. transmission gear; 4. drive rack; 5. drive gear; 6. self-locking motor; 7. stopper; 8. power supply; 9. first spring switch; 10. second spring switch; 11. first double-control switch; 12. second double-control switch; 13. first electromagnet; 14. second electromagnet; 15. third electromagnet; 16. fourth electromagnet; 17. first disc conductive mechanism; 18. second disc conductive mechanism; 19. mounting plate; 20. conductive rod; 21. conductive sheet; 22. first sliding rheostat; 23. second sliding rheostat; 24. insulating pressure rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0038] In traditional bedload sediment transport testing, continuous devices are unable to achieve time-segmented sampling, resulting in mixed bedload data from different time periods and difficulty capturing intermittent sediment movement characteristics. Manual sampling relies on the operator's subjective judgment, and the sampling interval and duration are subject to randomness, affecting data consistency. While semi-automated devices can improve efficiency, they have complex mechanical structures and are difficult to coordinate and control multiple actuators. They are prone to transmission errors or jamming, which can cause sampling to deviate from the preset timing.

[0039] For example, when continuous sampling equipment is deployed in a laboratory simulated river channel, periodic changes in flow velocity cause the bedload to fluctuate in a pulsed manner. Existing equipment cannot accurately open the sampling channel during peak flow velocity, resulting in samples from periods of high sediment load being overwritten by subsequent samples of low sediment load.

[0040] If these issues are not addressed, test data will not accurately reflect the transient characteristics of bedload transport, leading to distorted parameters in river channel evolution prediction models. Asynchrony between multiple actuators will increase mechanical wear and shorten device life. Deviations in sampling timing may mask critical thresholds in sediment transport, compromising the reliability of anti-scour designs for hydraulic projects.

[0041] When faced with the above problems, the present application first considers how to achieve independent sampling in multiple time periods and eliminate the synchronization error of the actuator. The traditional continuous device is unable to collect data in different time periods, resulting in mixed data. The present application attempts to adopt multiple independent temporary storage chamber structures, but finds that the individual control of the plug valves in each cavity requires multiple drive sources, which increases the complexity of the structure. In response to this, the study turns to how to synchronously control multiple groups of valves through a single power source. By analyzing the transmission characteristics of the gear rack, it is found that after the upper and lower layers of the plug valves are coaxially connected, a double transmission gear is used to drive the rack, so that all valves can be opened and closed synchronously under the drive of a single motor. Among them, the vertical setting of the plug valve medium channel ensures the alternating opening and closing logic of the upper and lower valves in the same temporary storage chamber, and the combination of the self-locking motor and the control circuit can accurately control the sampling interval length to avoid manual operation deviations.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Combine Figure 2As shown, the embodiment of the present application proposes an intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sand transport test, including a bed load temporary storage chamber 1, a stopcock valve 2, a transmission gear 3, a drive rack 4, a drive gear 5, a self-locking motor 6 and a control circuit. Multiple bed load storage chambers 1 are arranged in a columnar, vertically and parallel manner; two plug valves 2 are installed on each bed load storage chamber 1 from top to bottom, and the plug bodies 7 of the multiple plug valves 2 located on the upper side are coaxially fixedly connected and can rotate around the axis, and the plug bodies 7 of the multiple plug valves 2 located on the lower side are coaxially fixedly connected and can rotate around the axis; the medium channels of the two plug valves 2 on the same bed load storage chamber 1 are arranged perpendicular to each other; the two transmission gears 3 are coaxially fixedly connected to the plug bodies 7 of the two plug valves 2 on one bed load storage chamber 1 respectively; the self-locking motor 6 is fixedly arranged, the driving gear 5 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft of the self-locking motor 6, and the driving rack 4 is engaged with the two transmission gears 3 and the driving gear 5; the control circuit is electrically connected to the self-locking motor 6 for driving the self-locking motor 6 to rotate.

[0044] Among them, the bedload temporary storage chamber 1 refers to a cavity used to temporarily store bedload samples. Specifically, it can be achieved by arranging columnar containers side by side vertically and in parallel, so as to facilitate the arrangement of multiple independent cavities in a limited space to improve sampling efficiency. Specifically, the bedload temporary storage chamber 1 includes a main structure and an inlet and outlet. The main structure is generally a columnar cavity, which is used to temporarily store the collected bedload. Stainless steel can be used as its material because stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, which can prevent impurities in the bedload from corroding the cavity and extend the service life of the device; of course, high-strength plastic can also be used. This material is lighter and relatively low in cost. The inlet and outlet are channels for bedload to enter and exit the temporary storage chamber, and their shape is usually circular or square.

[0045] Two plug valves 2 are installed from top to bottom in each temporary bedload storage chamber 1. The temporary bedload chamber is defined between the two plug valves 2. The plug bodies 7 of the upper plug valves 2 are coaxially fixed and rotatable about their axes, while the plug bodies 7 of the lower plug valves 2 are coaxially fixed and rotatable about their axes. The media channels of the two plug valves 2 in the same temporary bedload storage chamber 1 are arranged perpendicular to each other. A plug valve 2 is a valve with a media channel, which is controlled by the angle of rotation to open or close the channel to retain or release bedload. The plug valve 2 consists of a plug body 7 and a valve body. The plug body 7 is a key component of the plug valve 2 and is typically cylindrical with a central media channel. It can be made of copper alloy, which offers excellent wear resistance and sealing properties, or ceramic, which has high hardness, stable chemical properties, and improved sealing properties. The valve body surrounds the plug body 7, providing support and fixation. It is generally made of carbon steel for its high strength.

[0046] The two transmission gears 3 are respectively coaxially fixedly connected to the plug bodies 7 of the two stopcocks 2 on a temporary storage chamber 1 for transporting material. The transmission gear 3 includes gear teeth and a hub. The gear teeth are the parts that mesh with other gears or racks. Their shape and size determine the accuracy and efficiency of the transmission, and an involute tooth profile is usually used. The hub is the part that is connected to the plug body 7 of the stopcock 2. It is fixed to the plug body 7 by a key connection or an interference fit. The material of the transmission gear 3 can be alloy steel, which has high strength and toughness and can withstand large torque; powder metallurgy materials can also be used. This material has high production efficiency and low cost.

[0047] The self-locking motor 6 is fixedly arranged. The self-locking motor 6 refers to a motor with a self-locking function in the power-off position. Specifically, it can be implemented by a stepper motor with a mechanical brake to ensure that the plug valve 2 maintains a fixed angle when stopped to avoid misoperation. The drive gear 5 is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft of the self-locking motor 6, and the drive rack 4 is engaged with the two transmission gears 3 and the drive gear 5. The drive gear 5 and the drive rack 4 are similar to the transmission gear 3 and are also composed of gear teeth and corresponding main structures. The cooperation of the drive gear 5 and the drive rack 4 can transmit the power of the self-locking motor 6 to the transmission gear 3, thereby driving the plug body 7 of the plug valve 2 to rotate.

[0048] The control circuit is electrically connected to the self-locking motor 6, driving it to rotate. During operation, the self-locking motor 6 rotates under the control circuit's control, driving the drive gear 5. The drive gear 5 meshes with the drive rack 4, causing the rack 4 to produce linear motion. The drive rack 4, in turn, meshes with the two transmission gears 3, driving the transmission gears 3 to rotate. Because the transmission gears 3 are coaxially fixedly connected to the plug body 7 of the stopcock 2, the rotation of the transmission gears 3 directly drives the plug body 7 of the stopcock 2, opening or closing the stopcock 2. The media channels of the upper and lower stopcocks 2 are arranged perpendicular to each other, ensuring alternating opening and closing logic for the upper and lower valves within the same temporary storage chamber. When the upper stopcock 2 is open, the lower stopcock 2 is closed, allowing bedload to enter the temporary storage chamber. When the upper stopcock 2 is closed, the lower stopcock 2 opens, allowing bedload to be discharged. This design enables intermittent sampling of bedload.

[0049] The use of the self-locking motor 6 ensures that the sampling device maintains its current state when it stops working, preventing accidental valve opening or closing. The control circuit can achieve precise control of the sampling interval by precisely controlling the rotation of the self-locking motor 6, avoiding the deviation that may be caused by manual operation.

[0050] The control circuit includes a single-chip microcomputer (MCU), a motor driver module, and a power supply management module (8). The MCU is programmed to precisely control the self-locking motor (6), allowing for different sampling intervals and durations. The motor driver module converts the MCU's control signals into current signals that drive the self-locking motor (6). The power supply management module (8) provides a stable operating voltage, ensuring reliable operation of the entire system.

[0051] During use, the device is placed in a suitable location within the test water tank. Sampling parameters are set via the control circuit, such as a 5-second sampling interval and a 30-second interval. After starting the device, the self-locking motor 6 rotates the drive gear 5, which, through the coordination of the drive rack 4 and the transmission gear 3, synchronizes the opening and closing of the stopcock 2. When the upper stopcock 2 is opened, bedload enters the temporary storage chamber; when the lower stopcock 2 is opened, a bedload sample is collected from the temporary storage chamber. By adjusting the sampling parameters, the device can be adapted to meet different test requirements.

[0052] Through the above scheme, the present application realizes high-precision intermittent sampling in bed load sand transport tests. The use of multiple independent temporary storage chamber structures, combined with the alternating opening and closing of the stopcock valve 2, can accurately capture the bed load sand transport conditions in different time periods, effectively solving the problem of data confusion caused by the inability of continuous devices to collect data in time periods. The design of synchronously controlling multiple groups of valves with a single power source eliminates the synchronization error of the actuator and improves the accuracy and reliability of sampling. The combination of the self-locking motor 6 and the control circuit realizes the precise control of the sampling interval length, avoiding the randomness and subjective bias that may be caused by manual operation. This design not only improves the sampling efficiency, but also significantly enhances the consistency and reliability of the data, providing a more accurate experimental basis for studying the intermittent change characteristics of bed loads.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Combine Figures 1 to 3 As shown, as another embodiment of the present invention, different from the first embodiment, the control circuit of this embodiment includes a power supply 8, a first spring switch 9, a second spring switch 10, a first double-control switch 11, a second double-control switch 12, a first electromagnet 13, a second electromagnet 14, a third electromagnet 15, a fourth electromagnet 16, a first wheel conductive mechanism 17 and a second wheel conductive mechanism 18.

[0055] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the positive pole of the power supply 8, the first electromagnet 13, the first wheel conductive mechanism 17, the third electromagnet 15, and the negative pole of the power supply 8 are electrically connected in sequence; the positive pole of the power supply 8, the third electromagnet 15, the second wheel conductive mechanism 18, the fourth electromagnet 16, and the negative pole of the power supply 8 are electrically connected in sequence; the contact of the first double-control switch 11 is electrically connected to the positive pole of the power supply 8, and the contact of the second double-control switch 12 is electrically connected to the negative pole of the power supply 8; the first static contact of the first double-control switch 11, the first spring switch 9, and the first connector of the self-locking motor 6 are connected in sequence; the second static contact of the first double-control switch 11, the second spring switch 10, and the second connector of the self-locking motor 6 are connected in sequence; the first static contact of the second double-control switch 12 is connected to the second connector of the self-locking motor 6, and the second static contact of the second double-control switch 12 is connected to the first connector of the self-locking motor 6; the first electromagnet 13 and the second electromagnet 14 are respectively arranged on both sides of the contact of the first double-control switch 11; the third electromagnet 15 and the fourth electromagnet 16 are respectively arranged on both sides of the contact of the second double-control switch 12. A first spring switch 9 and a second spring switch 10 are fixedly mounted at opposite ends of the drive rack 4 and spaced apart from the ends. Insulating pressure rods 24 are mounted on both ends of the drive rack 4. The first and second dual-control switches 11 and 12 maintain their initial contact positions through mechanical spring force, preventing false triggering. This combination of components enables precise control of the forward, reverse, and stop of the self-locking motor 6 according to varying requirements, thereby achieving precise control of the plug valve 2.

[0056] Among them, the first wheel conductive mechanism 17 and the second wheel conductive mechanism 18 both include a mounting plate 19, a conductive rod 20, a drive motor and a plurality of conductive sheets 21. The mounting plate 19 is used to fix the conductive sheets 21 and the drive motor, and is generally made of an insulating material, such as a plastic plate. One end of the conductive rod 20 is insulated and connected to the rotating shaft of the drive motor, and a plurality of conductive sheets 21 are installed on the mounting plate 19 in a ring-shaped and evenly spaced manner around the rotating shaft of the motor; the conductive rod 20 can slide on the plate surface of the mounting plate 19, and the other end of the conductive rod 20 can be operatively contacted with the plurality of conductive sheets 21. The conductive rod 20 and the conductive sheets 21 are generally made of metal materials, such as copper, which has good conductivity. The drive motor drives the conductive rod 20 to rotate so that it contacts different conductive sheets 21 to achieve circuit switching.

[0057] Furthermore, mounting plate 19 is provided with an annular groove within which conductive rod 20 slides. The depth of the annular groove is slightly less than the thickness of conductive sheet 21, ensuring contact between conductive rod 20 and conductive sheet 21. The length of conductive rod 20 is slightly greater than the radius of mounting plate 19, allowing it to sweep across all conductive sheets 21.

[0058] Furthermore, one end of the conductive rod 20 in the first wheel conductive mechanism 17 of this embodiment is connected to the negative pole of the power supply 8 via the third electromagnet 15; each conductive plate 21 in the first wheel conductive mechanism 17 is connected to the first electromagnet 13 via a corresponding switch. The conductive rod 20 is fixedly connected to the third electromagnet 15, so that the potential of the conductive rod 20 is consistent with the negative pole of the power supply 8; the conductive plates 21 form separate circuit branches with the first electromagnet 13 through independent switches, and the branches do not interfere with each other. When the driving motor drives the conductive rod 20 to rotate, the end of the conductive rod 20 slides into contact with different conductive plates 21. At this time, only when the switch of the corresponding branch is closed can current pass through the conductive plate 21, the conductive rod 20, and the third electromagnet 15 to form a closed circuit. The switch corresponding to each conductive plate 21 can be independently controlled to enable the on / off selection of different conductive plate 21 branches.

[0059] Specifically, when the driving motor drives the conductive rod 20 in the first wheel conductive mechanism 17 to rotate to a certain conductive plate 21 position, if the switch corresponding to the conductive plate 21 is in a closed state, the current flows from the positive pole of the power supply 8 through the first electromagnet 13, enters the conductive rod 20 through the contact point between the conductive plate 21 and the conductive rod 20, and then returns to the negative pole of the power supply 8 through the third electromagnet 15. At this time, the first electromagnet 13 is energized to generate magnetic force, which attracts the contact of the first double-control switch 11 to move to the first static contact of the first double-control switch 11. The third electromagnet 15 is energized to generate magnetic force, which attracts the contact of the second double-control switch 12 to move to the first static contact of the second double-control switch 12, so that the circuit of the positive pole of the power supply 8, the first static contact of the first double-control switch 11, the first spring switch 9, the self-locking motor 6, the first static contact of the second double-control switch 12 and the negative pole of the power supply 8 is conductive. At this time, the self-locking motor 6 rotates forward to open the upper plug valve 2 and close the lower plug valve 2 until the insulating pressure rod 24 at the end of the drive rack 4 touches the first spring switch 9 to disconnect the branch, and the plug valve 2 stops moving. When the driving motor drives the conductive rod 20 in the second wheel conductive mechanism 18 to rotate to a certain conductive piece 21 position, if the switch corresponding to the conductive piece 21 is in the closed state, the current flows from the positive pole of the power supply 8 through the second electromagnet 14, enters the conductive rod 20 through the contact point between the conductive piece 21 and the conductive rod 20, and then returns to the negative pole of the power supply 8 through the fourth electromagnet 16. At this time, the second electromagnet 14 is energized to generate a magnetic force, attracting the contact of the first double-control switch 11 to move to the second static contact of the first double-control switch 11. The fourth electromagnet 16 is energized to generate a magnetic force, attracting the contact of the second double-control switch 12 to move to the second static contact of the second double-control switch 12, so that the circuit of the positive pole of the power supply 8, the second static contact of the first double-control switch 11, the second spring switch 10, the self-locking motor 6, the second static contact of the second double-control switch 12 and the negative pole of the power supply 8 is conductive. At this time, the self-locking motor 6 rotates in the opposite direction to close the upper plug valve 2 and open the lower plug valve 2 until the drive rack 4 touches the second spring switch 10 to disconnect the branch, and the plug valve 2 stops moving. Therefore, when the drive motor drives the conductive rod 20 to rotate, the conductive rod 20 can contact different conductive plates 21 in sequence, thereby realizing the periodic closing and opening of the circuit.

[0060] This application achieves precise control of the sampling process for bedload sediment transport experiments. The design of the disc's conductive mechanism enables the sampling device to perform intermittent sampling at preset intervals, avoiding the sample confusion that can arise from continuous sampling. Furthermore, the coordinated use of electromagnets and switches enhances the system's reliability and flexibility, allowing the sampling frequency and duration to be adjusted according to actual needs. Furthermore, this design simplifies the device's structure, reduces maintenance complexity, and improves overall efficiency and sampling accuracy.

[0061] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a first sliding rheostat 22 is connected in series between the first static contact and the first spring switch 9 of the double-control switch, and a second sliding rheostat 23 is connected in series between the second static contact and the second spring switch 10 .

[0062] The first sliding rheostat 22 is connected between the first static contact of the first double-control switch 11 and the first spring switch 9, regulating the current flowing to the first terminal of the self-locking motor 6. The second sliding rheostat 23 is connected between the second static contact of the first double-control switch 11 and the second spring switch 10, regulating the current flowing to the second terminal of the self-locking motor 6. The resistance of the sliding rheostat can be adjusted manually or through an external mechanism, thereby varying the current intensity in the circuit. Specifically, when the contact of the first double-control switch 11 makes contact with the first static contact, current flows through the first sliding rheostat 22, the first spring switch 9, and into the first terminal of the self-locking motor 6, causing the motor to rotate forward, driving the stopcock 2. Increasing the resistance of the first sliding rheostat 22 reduces the current, slowing the motor speed and prolonging the closing time of the stopcock 2; decreasing the resistance increases the current, accelerating the closing speed. Similarly, when the contact makes contact with the second static contact, the second sliding rheostat 23 adjusts the reverse current, controlling the rotation speed of the stopcock 2. By adjusting the resistance of the two sliding rheostats, the motor speed of plug valve 2 during its opening and closing phases can be independently set, thereby precisely controlling the sampling interval and meeting the differentiated time resolution requirements of different sediment transport intensity tests. The addition of the sliding rheostats enables the control circuit to adjust the speed of the self-locking motor 6. By adjusting the motor speed, the opening and closing speed of plug valve 2 can be controlled to adapt to different bedload sediment transport conditions. This improvement increases the device's adjustable functionality, enhances sampling flexibility and adaptability, and can better meet diverse sampling needs.

[0063] Furthermore, the upper end of each temporary bedload storage chamber 1 of this embodiment is funnel-shaped, and the upper opposing sidewalls of each two adjacent temporary bedload storage chambers 1 form a single unit. The upper opening of the funnel-shaped structure forms a guide channel through the inclined inner wall, and the sidewalls of adjacent temporary bedload storage chambers are seamlessly joined at the joint, forming a continuous curved surface.

[0064] Specifically, when sediment particles enter the temporary storage chamber, the funnel-shaped opening guides the particles to the center of the temporary storage chamber through the inclined inner wall, avoiding the particles from being retained at the edge of the opening. After the side walls of adjacent temporary storage chambers are formed as a whole, there is no independent gap in the upper opening area, and the upper ends of multiple temporary storage chambers constitute a continuous guide surface to prevent sediment from leaking between adjacent cavities. The inclination angle of the funnel further optimizes the flow path of the particulate matter, allowing it to quickly concentrate in the central area of ​​the temporary storage chamber and avoid accumulation at the edge of the opening. The seamless connection structure of adjacent side walls eliminates the assembly errors between traditional split cavities, ensuring that multiple temporary storage chambers form a closed collection area when receiving sediment. During the switching process of the plug valve 2, the funnel structure guides the particles to quickly pass through the open medium channel, reducing the residue of particles at the edge of the channel. The integrated design of the adjacent side walls maintains the overall stability of the multiple temporary storage chamber structures when the drive rack 4 drives the transmission gear 3 to rotate, avoiding displacement deviations between cavities due to mechanical vibration.

[0065] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of this embodiment correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of this application, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicate an orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the position relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as a limitation on this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0066] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport testing, characterized by: It includes a plurality of temporary storage chambers for bed loads, a plurality of stopcock valves, two transmission gears, a drive rack, a drive gear, a self-locking motor and a control circuit; Multiple bed load storage cavities are arranged in a columnar, vertical and parallel manner; Each of the temporary bed load storage chambers is provided with two plug valves from top to bottom, and the plug bodies of the upper plug valves are coaxially fixedly connected and rotatable around the axis, while the plug bodies of the lower plug valves are coaxially fixedly connected and rotatable around the axis; the medium channels of the two plug valves on the same temporary bed load storage chamber are arranged perpendicular to each other; The two transmission gears are respectively coaxially fixedly connected to the plug bodies of the two plug valves on one of the temporary storage chambers for the displacement medium; The self-locking motor is fixedly arranged, the driving gear is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft of the self-locking motor, and the driving rack is meshed with the two transmission gears and the driving gear; The control circuit is electrically connected to the self-locking motor and is used to drive the self-locking motor to rotate.

2. The intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control circuit includes a power supply, a first spring switch, a second spring switch, a first double-control switch, a second double-control switch, a first electromagnet, a second electromagnet, a third electromagnet, a fourth electromagnet, a first wheel conductive mechanism and a second wheel conductive mechanism, wherein The positive electrode of the power supply, the first electromagnet, the first wheel conductive mechanism, the third electromagnet, and the negative electrode of the power supply are electrically connected in sequence; The positive electrode of the power supply, the third electromagnet, the second wheel conductive mechanism, the fourth electromagnet, and the negative electrode of the power supply are electrically connected in sequence; The contact of the first double-control switch is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, and the contact of the second double-control switch is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the power supply; The first spring switch and the second spring switch are respectively fixedly mounted on both ends of the driving rack and spaced apart from the end of the driving rack; The first static contact of the first double-control switch, the first spring switch, and the first connector of the self-locking motor are connected in sequence; The second static contact of the first double-control switch, the second spring switch, and the second connector of the self-locking motor are connected in sequence; The first static contact of the second double-control switch is connected to the second connector of the self-locking motor, and the second static contact of the second double-control switch is connected to the first connector of the self-locking motor; The first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are respectively arranged on both sides of the contact of the first double-control switch; the third electromagnet and the fourth electromagnet are respectively arranged on both sides of the contact of the second double-control switch.

3. The intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport testing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first wheel disc conductive mechanism and the second wheel disc conductive mechanism both include a mounting plate, a conductive rod, a drive motor and a plurality of conductive sheets. The mounting plate and the drive motor are fixedly arranged, one end of the conductive rod is insulated and connected to the rotating shaft of the drive motor, and the plurality of conductive sheets are mounted on the mounting plate in a ring-shaped manner and at equal intervals around the rotating shaft of the motor; the conductive rod can slide on the plate surface of the mounting plate, and the other end of the conductive rod can be operably contacted with the plurality of conductive sheets.

4. The intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport testing according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the conductive rod in the first wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the negative pole of the power supply through the third electromagnet; each of the conductive sheets in the first wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the first electromagnet through a corresponding switch.

5. The intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport test according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the conductive rod in the second wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the negative pole of the power supply through the fourth electromagnet; each of the conductive sheets in the second wheel conductive mechanism is connected to the third electromagnet through a corresponding switch.

6. The intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport testing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control circuit further includes a first sliding rheostat and a second sliding rheostat, wherein the first sliding rheostat is connected in series between the first static contact of the first double-control switch and the first spring switch; and the second sliding rheostat is connected in series between the second static contact of the first double-control switch and the second spring switch.

7. The intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport testing according to claim 2, characterized in that: Insulating pressure rods are installed at both ends of the driving rack.

8. The intermittent sampling device suitable for bed load sediment transport testing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The upper end of each of the bed load temporary storage chambers is funnel-shaped, and the upper opposite side walls of every two adjacent bed load temporary storage chambers form a whole.

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