Bio-based new material compression testing machine

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of new material pressure test, and particularly relates to a bio-based new material compression testing machine, which comprises a rack, a plurality of groups of transverse guide light shafts arranged in layers on the rack, a plurality of stages of pressure amplification mechanisms arranged on the guide light shafts, each stage of pressure amplification mechanisms comprising a driving sliding block, a fixed seat and a driven sliding block, the driven sliding block being located between the driving sliding block and the fixed seat in the vertical direction, the driving sliding block and the driven sliding block being movable along the guide light shaft, and the fixed seat being fixedly arranged on the guide light shaft; the driven sliding block of a former stage of pressure amplification mechanisms serving as the driving sliding block of a latter stage of pressure amplification mechanisms to drive the pressure amplification mechanisms of the latter stage in stages, the driven sliding block of the last stage being connected with a transverse compression rod to push a movable pressing plate in a pressure test cabin through the compression rod to generate relative transverse movement with a fixed pressing plate. Precise displacement control is realized through a screw mechanism, and a gear and a rack pressure multiplication structure is combined to convert small input force into stable pressure with high-precision output.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a bio-based new material compression testing machine and belongs to the field of new material pressure testing. BACKGROUND

[0002] Bio-based new material plates (such as engineering bamboo plates, straw-based composite plates, mycelium materials, nanocellulose composite materials and the like) become the key direction for replacing traditional plates due to renewable raw materials and low-carbon processes. Among them, nanocellulose composite new material plates take nanoscale cellulose fibers (extracted from wood and plants) as the basis, are compounded and enhanced with other materials (such as resin and biological plastic), so as to realize an extremely high strength-to-weight ratio, transparency, oxygen barrier and biodegradability (depending on the matrix material), and have achieved preliminary application in high-end packaging, lightweight automobile parts, electronic product substrates and high-performance composite material panels. In load-bearing applications, the length direction compression strength of the material needs to be evaluated to ensure structural safety and functional reliability. However, the low density characteristics of 0.3-0.8 g / cm3 of the material result in a compression strength significantly lower than that of traditional plates (usually ≤10 MPa), and the mechanical behavior presents a high nonlinear deformation characteristic under a small pressure, so that millimeter-level displacement changes need to be accurately captured.

[0003] Traditional hydraulic presses cannot meet the testing requirements of such low-strength and high-precision tests due to the too high minimum output pressure (>5 kN), insufficient displacement resolution and energy consumption redundancy. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a low-power mechanical drive type pressure device, which realizes precise displacement control through a lead screw mechanism, converts small input force into high-precision output pressure through a gear and rack pressure multiplication structure, ensures stable loading of ≤0.1 kN level micro-pressure and ≤0.1 mm displacement resolution, significantly reduces system energy consumption, and fills the technical gap of special testing equipment in this field. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the application is to provide a bio-based new material compression testing machine to solve the above problems.

[0005] The bio-based new material compression testing machine comprises a rack, a plurality of groups of transverse guide light shafts are arranged in layers on the rack, a plurality of stages of pressure amplification mechanisms are arranged on the guide light shafts, each stage of pressure amplification mechanism comprises a driving slider, a fixed seat and a driven slider, the driven slider is located between the driving slider and the fixed seat in the vertical direction, the driving slider and the driven slider are movable along the guide light shaft, and the fixed seat is fixedly arranged on the guide light shaft; a rack is arranged on the relative surface between the driving slider and the fixed seat, the rack on the driving slider is movable along with the driving slider, a gear meshing with the rack on the driving slider and the fixed seat is arranged between the rack on the driving slider and the rack on the fixed seat, the gear is arranged on the next stage of driving slider and is used for driving the next stage of driving slider to move transversely, the driven slider of the previous stage of pressure amplification mechanism serves as the driving slider of the next stage of pressure amplification mechanism, so that the next stage of pressure amplification mechanism is driven step by step, and the driven slider of the last stage is connected with a transverse pressure rod, so that the movable pressing plate in the pressure test cabin is pushed through the pressure rod to generate relative transverse movement with the fixed pressing plate.

[0006] The plurality of stages of pressure amplification mechanisms can realize step-by-step pressure multiplication, the end pressure is doubled, and stable pressure can be output. While the pressure is increased, the displacement of the sliders at all stages is gradually reduced, the end displacement is the smallest, the displacement of the movable pressing plate for outputting pressure at the end is more accurate, and large displacement drives small displacement, and small pressure generates large pressure.

[0007] The pressure amplification mechanism comprises a first stage of pressure amplification mechanism, a second stage of pressure amplification mechanism and a third stage of pressure amplification mechanism. The low-power and high-precision driving device such as the screw mechanism can be used for driving, that is, the first stage of slider in the first stage of pressure amplification mechanism is driven to move transversely through the screw mechanism, so as to gradually drive the subsequent pressure amplification mechanisms.

[0008] Preferably, the third stage of pressure amplification mechanism is provided with two groups, and the two groups of third stage of pressure amplification mechanism are arranged above and below the third stage of slider and are driven by the third stage of slider. The structure can lift the force line, so that the stress of the movable pressing plate at the end is more balanced. In addition, according to the structure principle, the height of the output force line can be designed according to requirements to meet the use requirements.

[0009] Preferably, the second stage of slider in the first stage of pressure amplification mechanism and the third stage of slider in the second stage of pressure amplification mechanism are provided with energy storage springs between the second stage of slider and the rack and between the third stage of slider and the first stage of fixed seat respectively, and the energy storage springs are arranged in a coiled manner on the guide light shaft. The energy is converted into spring potential energy during the compression and expansion process and is stored, and is released when needed. That is, the excess pressure energy is converted into spring potential energy and stored when the slider returns (at this time, it is empty), and is released when the system needs pressure, so that the output power curve of the motor is smoother, and the motor can be protected.

[0010] The movable pressing plate and the fixed pressing plate are uniformly distributed with a plurality of pressing heads, the plurality of pressing heads are arranged and installed on a pressing head base, the pressing head can be transversely extended and retracted in the pressing head base, the pressing head base is sealed with oil, the oil pressure at the end of the pressing head base is equal, and the pressing head base is connected with a pressure sensor through an oil pipeline. Since the test plate is often a scrap plate with an irregular truncated shape, the structure can adapt to the irregular truncated surface through the extension and retraction of a plurality of pressing heads with different displacement amounts, and the stress of each pressing head is equal, thereby ensuring the consistency of the pre-experimental parameters.

[0011] Preferably, the end of the pressing head is a semicylindrical curved surface.

[0012] The pressure test cabin is provided with an openable protective cover to prevent the test plate from cracking and shooting.

[0013] Preferably, the protective cover is arranged on the rack through a sliding rail and can move transversely along the rack to realize opening and closing.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1) Precise adaptation to low-strength material test requirements: In view of the characteristics of low density, low compressive strength and high nonlinear deformation of the mechanical behavior of the bio-based and environmentally friendly new material plate, the low-power mechanical driving type pressure device developed by the present application realizes precise displacement control through a lead screw mechanism, and combines with a gear and rack pressure multiplication structure to convert small input force into high-precision output stable pressure, ensuring ≤0.1 kN level micro-pressure stable loading and ≤0.1 mm displacement resolution, and precisely meeting the low-strength and high-precision test requirements. The traditional hydraulic press cannot realize this function due to the excessively high minimum output pressure, insufficient displacement resolution and energy consumption redundancy.

[0016] 2) Realize step-by-step pressure multiplication and precise displacement control: The design of the multi-stage pressure amplification mechanism enables the pressure to be multiplied step by step, and the end pressure is multiplied, while the displacement amount of each stage slider gradually decreases, and the end displacement amount is the smallest. The displacement of the movable pressing plate for pressure output at the end is more accurate, realizing the effect of large displacement driving small displacement and small pressure generating large pressure, effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of the test.

[0017] 3) Flexible design of output force line: The three-stage pressure amplification mechanism is provided with two groups and is arranged above and below the three-stage sliders, and is driven by the three-stage sliders. The structure can lift the force line, so that the stress of the movable pressing plate at the end is more balanced. According to the structure principle, the height of the output force line can be flexibly designed according to the actual use requirements, thereby enhancing the applicability and flexibility of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a structural principle schematic diagram of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 is one of the schematic diagrams of the stereoscopic structure of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 is the second schematic diagram of the stereoscopic structure of the present application;

[0021] Figure 4 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the initial state of the sliding block at each level (the protective cover is not closed);

[0022] Figure 5 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding block at each level after driving the movable pressing plate out (the protective cover is closed);

[0023] Figure 6 is the schematic diagram of the force line transmission of the pressure amplification mechanism at each level;

[0024] Figure 7 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the notch on the second sliding block;

[0025] Figure 8 is the schematic diagram of the stereoscopic structure of the present application when the protective cover is not closed;

[0026] Figure 9 is Figure 8 the partial enlarged view of site A in FIG. 6;

[0027] Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the bio-based test plate material after being put into the pressure test cabin;

[0028] Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the movement relationship of the lead screw, the first sliding block and the protective cover;

[0029] Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of the end of the lead screw;

[0030] Figure 13 is Figure 12 the partial enlarged view of site B in FIG. 7;

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Servo motor; 2. Lead screw; 3. Pressure generating nut; 4. Frame; 5. Guide optical axis; 6. First-stage pressure amplification mechanism; 7. Second-stage pressure amplification mechanism; 8. Third-stage pressure amplification mechanism; 9. Pressure rod; 10. Movable pressure plate; 11. Pressure test chamber; 12. Protective cover; 13. Viewport; 14. First-stage slider; 15. First-stage fixed seat; 16. Second-stage slider; 16.1. Clearance groove; 17. Second-stage fixed seat; 18. Third-stage slider; 19. Third-stage fixed seat; 20. Fourth-stage slider; 21. 1. Energy storage spring; 22. Protective cover moving nut; 23. First-stage movable rack; 24. First-stage gear; 25. First-stage fixed rack; 26. Second-stage movable rack; 27. Second-stage gear; 28. Second-stage fixed rack; 29. ​​Third-stage movable rack; 30. Third-stage gear; 31. Third-stage fixed rack; 32. Pressure head seat; 33. Pressure head; 34. Oil pipeline; 35. Head section without threads; 36. Head limiting compression spring; 37. Tail section without threads; 38. Tail limiting compression spring; 39. Bio-based test substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0033] The description of the present invention is merely a structural or even functional description of the embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described herein.

[0034] like Figures 1-13 As shown, this embodiment is achieved through the following technical solution: a bio-based new material compression testing machine includes a frame 4, on which five layers (sets) of transverse guide optical shafts 5 are arranged in layers. The guide optical shafts 5 are equipped with multi-stage pressure amplification mechanisms. Each stage of the pressure amplification mechanism includes an active slider, a fixed seat, and a driven slider. In the vertical direction, the driven slider is located between the active slider and the fixed seat. The active slider and the driven slider can move along the guide optical shafts 5. The fixed seat is fixedly mounted on the guide optical shafts 5. Racks are provided on the opposing surfaces between the slider and the fixed seat. The racks on the slider can move with the slider. A gear meshes with the racks on the slider and the racks on the fixed seat. The gear is mounted on the next-stage slider to drive the next-stage slider to move laterally. The driven slider of the previous-stage pressure amplification mechanism serves as the active slider of the next-stage pressure amplification mechanism, driving the subsequent-stage pressure amplification mechanism step by step. The last-stage driven slider is connected to a transverse pressure rod 9, which pushes the movable pressure plate 10 inside the pressure testing chamber 11, generating a relative transverse movement with the fixed pressure plate.

[0035] Specifically, the pressure amplification mechanism includes three levels: a first pressure amplification mechanism 6, a second pressure amplification mechanism 7, and a third pressure amplification mechanism 8. The first slider 14 in the first pressure amplification mechanism 6 is driven to move horizontally by a screw mechanism. The screw mechanism is located at the top of the rack 4 and includes a servo motor 1, a screw 2, and a pressure generating nut 3. The pressure generating nut 3 is fixedly connected to the first slider 14.

[0036] The first layer of guide light axes 5 is provided with a first slider 14 and a third fixed seat 19. The second layer of guide light axes 5 is provided with a second slider 16 and a fourth slider 20. The third layer of guide light axes 5 is provided with a first fixed seat 15 and a third slider 18. The fourth layer of guide light axes 5 is provided with a second fixed seat 17 and a fourth slider 20. The fifth layer of guide light axes 5 is provided with a third fixed seat 19.

[0037] The bottom surface of the first slider 14 is provided with a first movable rack 23. The top surface of the first fixed seat 15 is provided with a first fixed rack 25. A first gear 24 is arranged between the first movable rack 23 and the first fixed rack 25 and engages with them. The first gear 24 can drive the second slider 16 to move horizontally. The bottom surface of the second slider 16 is provided with a second movable rack 26. The top surface of the second fixed seat 17 is provided with a second fixed rack 28. A second gear 27 is arranged between the second movable rack 26 and the second fixed rack 28 and engages with them. The second gear 27 can drive the third slider 18 to move horizontally. The third pressure amplification mechanism 8 is provided with two groups, which are arranged above and below the third slider 18 and are driven by the third slider 18 simultaneously. That is, the top surface and the bottom surface of the third slider 18 are each provided with a third movable rack 29. The bottom surface of the top third fixed seat 19 and the top surface of the bottom third fixed seat 19 are each provided with a third fixed rack 31. A third gear 30 is arranged between the third movable rack 29 and the third fixed rack 31. This structure can lift the force line, making the stress of the end movable pressure plate 10 more balanced. In addition, according to the structure, the height of the output force line can be designed as needed to meet the use requirements.

[0038] The movable racks described above can move synchronously with the sliders.

[0039] Further, the second slider 16 in the first pressure amplification mechanism 6 and the third slider 18 in the second pressure amplification mechanism 7 are each provided with an energy storage spring 21, which is wound on the guide light axis 5. When the sliders return (at this time, the load is empty), the excess pressure energy is converted into spring potential energy and stored. When the system needs pressure, the energy is released, which can make the output power curve of the servo motor 1 smoother and protect the motor.

[0040] In the application, the movable pressing plate 10 and the fixed pressing plate are uniformly provided with a plurality of pressing heads 33, the end of the pressing head 33 is a semicylindrical curved surface, the plurality of pressing heads 33 are arranged and installed on the pressing head seat 32, and the pressing head 33 can be transversely extended and retracted in the pressing head seat 32, the pressing head seat 32 is sealed with oil, and the oil pressure at the inner end of the pressing head seat 32 is equal; the pressing head seat 32 is connected with the pressure sensor through the oil pipeline 34.

[0041] In the application, the pressure test cabin 11 is provided with an openable protective cover 12, the protective cover 12 is provided with a viewing port 13 for observing the internal experiment process, and the viewing port 13 is installed with a protective glass. The protective cover 12 is arranged on the rack 4 through a slide rail and can be moved transversely along the rack 4 to realize opening and closing. The inner top surface of the pressure test cabin 11 is provided with a cover moving nut 22, which is arranged on the aforementioned lead screw 2 and shares a lead screw 2 with the pressure generating nut 3. On the lead screw 2, the thread line of the part where the cover moving nut 22 is located is opposite in rotation direction to the thread line of the part where the pressure generating nut 3 is located, and the pitch of the thread line of the part where the cover moving nut 22 is located is greater than the pitch of the thread line of the part where the pressure generating nut 3 is located, so that when the lead screw 2 rotates, the moving speed of the protective cover 12 is faster, the protective cover 12 can be quickly and automatically closed, and the safety of the test is ensured.

[0042] The part of the lead screw 2 where the cover moving nut 22 is located is provided with a head non-thread section 35 and a tail non-thread section 37, and the head non-thread section 35 and the tail non-thread section 37 are respectively provided with a head limiting compression spring 36 and a tail limiting compression spring 38.

[0043] The working principle or process of the application is as follows:

[0044] The bio-based test plate 39 is placed between the movable pressing plate 10 and the fixed pressing plate of the pressure test cabin 11, the servo motor 1 is started, the servo motor 1 drives the lead screw 2 to rotate, the pressure generating nut 3 matched with the lead screw 2 drives the primary sliding block 14 to move transversely, the primary sliding block 14 drives the secondary sliding block 16 to move transversely through the gear and rack mechanism between the primary sliding block 14 and the primary fixed seat 15, the displacement of the secondary sliding block 16 is half of the displacement of the primary sliding block 14, and the thrust generated by the secondary sliding block 16 is twice that of the primary sliding block 14. The secondary sliding block 16 further enlarges the thrust through the subsequent gear and rack mechanism, and the displacement is gradually halved, so that the maximum thrust and the minimum displacement of the four-stage sliding block 20 at the tail end and the movable pressing plate 10 are achieved, so that the thrust generated by the high-precision small-power motor meets the pressure test requirements, and the end displacement resolution reaches the maximum, so that the displacement resolution meets the high-precision requirements. During the movement of the sliding block, the gear and rack mechanism of the upper three-stage pressure amplification mechanism 8 enters the displacement slot 16.1 of the secondary sliding block 16, so as to prevent the mechanism from interfering.

[0045] The oil liquid is sealed in the pressure head seat 32 on the movable pressing plate 10, which not only can make several pressure heads 33 adapt to the irregular cross section through the different displacement amount of expansion and contraction, but also can output the pressure signal through the oil liquid pipeline 34.

[0046] When the movable pressing plate 10 is slowly pushed out by the servo motor 1 through the screw rod mechanism, the screw rod mechanism also drives the protective cover 12 to move quickly in the direction opposite to the pushing direction of the movable pressing plate 10 (the screw pitches of the two sections of the screw rod 2 are different), so that the protective cover 12 is quickly and automatically closed, and the safety of the test is ensured. When the protective cover 12 is closed to the position, the screw rod 2 continues to rotate to push out the movable pressing plate 10, and at this time, the moving nut 22 of the protective cover moves to the head non-thread section 35 of the screw rod 2, and the screw rod 2 no longer drives the moving nut 22 of the protective cover. After the test is completed, the servo motor 1 is reversed, the sliding blocks are gradually reset, the head limiting compression spring 36 pushes the moving nut 22 of the protective cover to the screw rod 2, the screw rod 2 drives the protective cover 12 to quickly open, and when the protective cover 12 is opened to the position, the screw rod 2 continues to rotate to drive the movable pressing plate 10 to return to the position, and at this time, the moving nut 22 of the protective cover moves to the tail non-thread section 37 of the screw rod 2, and the screw rod 2 no longer drives the moving nut 22 of the protective cover. Until the movable pressing plate 10 returns to the position, the servo motor 1 stops rotating.

[0047] Of course, the above content is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and cannot be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The present application is also not limited to the above examples, and the equivalent changes and improvements made by the ordinary skilled in the art within the essential scope of the present application should be attributed to the patent coverage range of the present application.

Claims

1. A bio-based novel material compression testing machine, characterized in that, Includes a frame (4), on which multiple sets of transverse guide optical axes (5) are arranged in layers. The guide optical axes (5) are provided with multi-stage pressure amplification mechanisms. Each stage of pressure amplification mechanism includes an active slider, a fixed seat and a driven slider. In the vertical direction, the driven slider is located between the active slider and the fixed seat. The active slider and the driven slider can move along the guide optical axis (5). The fixed seat is fixedly set on the guide optical axis (5). Racks are provided on the opposing surfaces between the slider and the fixed seat. The rack on the slider can move with the slider. A gear is provided between the slider rack and the fixed seat rack and meshes with it. The gear is set on the next level slider and is used to drive the next level slider to move laterally. The driven slider of the previous stage pressure amplification mechanism serves as the active slider of the next stage pressure amplification mechanism, thereby driving the subsequent stage pressure amplification mechanism step by step. The driven slider of the last stage is connected to the transverse pressure rod (9), which pushes the movable pressure plate (10) in the pressure test chamber (11) through the pressure rod (9), generating a relative transverse movement with respect to the fixed pressure plate.

2. The bio-based novel material compression testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure amplification mechanism includes a first-stage pressure amplification mechanism (6), a second-stage pressure amplification mechanism (7), and a third-stage pressure amplification mechanism (8). The first-stage slider (14) in the first-stage pressure amplification mechanism (6) is driven by a lead screw mechanism to achieve transverse movement.

3. The bio-based new material compression testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The three-stage pressure amplification mechanism (8) is provided in two sets. The two sets of three-stage pressure amplification mechanisms (8) are respectively located above and below the three-stage slider (18) and are driven by the three-stage slider (18) simultaneously.

4. The bio-based novel material compression testing machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, Energy storage springs (21) are provided between the secondary slider (16) and the frame (4) in the primary pressure amplification mechanism (6) and between the tertiary slider (18) and the primary fixed seat (15) in the secondary pressure amplification mechanism (7). The energy storage springs (21) are coiled on the guide optical shaft (5).

5. The bio-based novel material compression testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable pressure plate (10) and the fixed pressure plate are evenly distributed with a number of pressure heads (33). The pressure heads (33) are arranged and installed on the pressure head seat (32). The pressure heads (33) can extend and retract laterally within the pressure head seat (32). The pressure head seat (32) is sealed with oil. The oil pressure at the inner end of the pressure head seat (32) is equal. The pressure head seat (32) is connected to the pressure sensor through the oil pipeline (34).

6. The bio-based novel material compression testing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The end of the pressure head (33) is a semi-cylindrical curved surface.

7. The bio-based novel material compression testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure test chamber (11) is equipped with an openable protective cover (12).

8. The bio-based new material compression testing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The protective cover (12) is mounted on the frame (4) via a slide rail and can move laterally along the frame (4) to achieve opening and closing.

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