Method for identifying space source of unsafe behavior

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for identifying a space source of an unsafe behavior. The method comprises the following steps: determining the unsafe behavior and a first person in a first roadway; determining an environment parameter set and behavior time characteristics of the personnel according to the unsafe behaviors and the first personnel, wherein the behavior time characteristics comprise time period characteristics and date characteristics; determining a reference security feature corresponding to the unsafe behavior; determining the stability of the personnel behavior based on the difference between the reference security feature and the security feature corresponding to the unsafe behavior; determining a second person with an unsafe behavior risk based on the stability of the person behavior; and determining a space source of the unsafe behavior according to the position of the roadway when the unsafe behavior of the second person occurs. According to the method, the space source of the unsafe behavior can be quickly determined, the occurrence position of the unsafe event can be accurately positioned, and the safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mine safety technology, and in particular to a method for identifying a spatial source of unsafe behavior. Background Art

[0002] As demand for mineral resources continues to grow, the intensity of mining operations is also increasing. Mining operations are inherently dangerous and prone to various disasters. When a disaster occurs, it's crucial to immediately locate the location to ensure the safety of miners. Summary of the Invention

[0003] At least one aspect or advantage of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the disclosed subject matter.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for identifying a spatial source of unsafe behavior includes:

[0005] Identify the unsafe behavior and the first person in the first lane;

[0006] Determine an environmental parameter set and a behavior time feature of the person according to the unsafe behavior and the first person, wherein the behavior time feature includes a time period feature and a date feature;

[0007] Determine the reference safety features corresponding to the unsafe behavior;

[0008] Determining the stability of human behavior based on the difference between a reference safety signature and the safety signature corresponding to the unsafe behavior;

[0009] Identify a second person who has an unsafe behavior risk based on the stability of the person's behavior;

[0010] Determine the spatial source of the unsafe behavior based on the location of the lane when the unsafe behavior of the second person occurs;

[0011] The first person is a person present when the unsafe behavior occurs, and there are at least two people present when the unsafe behavior occurs.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the environmental parameter set and the behavior time characteristics of the personnel are obtained as follows:

[0013] Determining an available first in-lane monitoring device based on the location of the unsafe behavior, wherein the first in-lane monitoring device includes a monitoring device provided at the location where the unsafe behavior occurred and at a spatially adjacent location; the spatially adjacent location is determined based on the walking path of the first person and the backtracking time;

[0014] Determine the environmental parameter set corresponding to each time point according to the first time window;

[0015] Grouping the historical behaviors of the first person in the first lane according to the date on which the behaviors occurred, and obtaining date features of the behaviors;

[0016] The historical behaviors of the first person in the first lane are grouped according to the time period in which the behaviors occurred, and the time period characteristics of the behaviors of the persons are obtained.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the reference security feature is obtained as follows:

[0018] Determine the primary correlation between the unsafe behaviors of the on-site personnel and the time period;

[0019] Determine the secondary correlation between the unsafe behavior of the personnel present and the date;

[0020] Determine a primary associated object of the unsafe behavior of the on-site personnel based on the larger value of the first association and the second association, wherein the primary associated object is a time period or a date;

[0021] The behavioral characteristics of the personnel associated with the first lane are obtained as reference security characteristics, wherein the personnel associated with the first lane are personnel who have a record of entering the first lane within a time period or date corresponding to the primary association object.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the stability of the behavior is determined based on the following method:

[0023] Determine the walking paths of all personnel in the first lane;

[0024] Determine the behavioral characteristics of personnel in each section of the tunnel based on the tunnel sections and personnel walking paths;

[0025] The difference vector between the behavioral characteristics of each segmented person and the reference behavioral characteristics is taken as the stability of the person's behavior.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second person is determined based on the differences in the behaviors of all persons passing through the first lane.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second person is obtained based on the following method:

[0028] Clustering the stability of personnel behavior according to the lane segmentation; when clustering, the number of clusters used is 2, so as to obtain clusters labeled as unsafe group and safe group, and the number of first personnel in the cluster corresponding to the unsafe group is higher than the number of first personnel in the cluster corresponding to the safe group, or the number of personnel in the cluster corresponding to the unsafe group is lower than the number of personnel in the cluster corresponding to the safe group;

[0029] The second personnel in each section of the tunnel are determined based on the first personnel included in the cluster labeled as the unsafe group.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spatial source of the unsafe behavior is determined based on the following method:

[0031] Determining the number of third-risk personnel corresponding to each of the plurality of lane segments, wherein the third-risk personnel number is the number of second personnel associated with the lane segment and an adjacent lane, wherein the adjacent lane is a lane segment spatially adjacent to the lane segment;

[0032] An anomaly finding algorithm is used to identify abnormal lanes in the plurality of segments of the lane.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the reference safety feature is obtained based on the behavioral characteristics of the person who entered the first tunnel during the same period on the day when the unsafe behavior occurred; the person who entered the first tunnel does not include the first person, and the same period is the period to which the unsafe behavior occurred.

[0034] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an electronic device includes a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store a program; the processor executes the program to implement the method for identifying the spatial source of unsafe behavior as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0035] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium stores a program, and the program is executed by a processor to implement the method for identifying a spatial source of unsafe behavior as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0036] The present invention can accurately identify a second person with an unsafe behavior risk from a first person, and then determine the spatial source of the unsafe behavior based on the second person. It can quickly determine the spatial source of the unsafe behavior, accurately locate the location of the unsafe incident, and improve safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for identifying a spatial source of unsafe behavior in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0039] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.

[0040] Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and apparatus should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not limiting. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0041] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0042] In the present description, references to features referred to as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the present description, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this specification refers to at least one of the connected entities, and the character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the connected entities.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for identifying a spatial source of unsafe behavior is provided, including steps 1100-1600.

[0044] Step 1100: Determine an unsafe behavior and a first person in a first lane.

[0045] The first person is a person present when the unsafe behavior occurs, and there are at least two people present when the unsafe behavior occurs.

[0046] During mine operations, workers' behavior can range from safe to unsafe. Unsafe behavior refers to behavior that poses a safety risk. For example, monitoring equipment is often installed in mine tunnels to monitor worker behavior in real time and determine whether it constitutes unsafe behavior. For example, if a disaster occurs in a mine and miners need to escape, this behavior would be considered unsafe.

[0047] Step 1200: Determine an environmental parameter set and a behavior time feature of the person based on the unsafe behavior and the first person, where the behavior time feature includes a time period feature and a date feature.

[0048] The date feature indicates the date on which the unsafe behavior occurred. The time period feature indicates the time period during which the unsafe behavior occurred. For example, each 30 minutes can be divided into a time period, each hour can be divided into a time period, or the time period can be divided in other ways.

[0049] Step 1300: Determine a reference safety feature corresponding to an unsafe behavior.

[0050] Here, the reference safety feature is determined by combining the date or time period corresponding to the unsafe behavior. During the date or time period when the unsafe behavior occurs, there are other people's safe behaviors, and the reference safety feature is determined based on the safe behaviors.

[0051] Step 1400: Determine the stability of human behavior based on the difference between the reference safety feature and the safety feature corresponding to the unsafe behavior.

[0052] The closer the reference safety features are to the safety features corresponding to the unsafe behavior, the higher the stability of the personnel behavior.

[0053] Step 1500: Determine a second person with an unsafe behavior risk based on the stability of the person's behavior.

[0054] The first group of people is present when the unsafe behavior occurs. There must be at least two of them. Some of the first group of people behave unsafely, while others behave safely. By determining the stability of each member of the first group's behavior, the second group of people is identified from the first group. The second group of people's behavior poses an unsafe behavior risk.

[0055] Step 1600: Determine the spatial source of the unsafe behavior based on the location of the lane when the unsafe behavior of the second person occurs.

[0056] The spatial source of an unsafe behavior represents the location of an event that causes people to engage in unsafe behavior. For example, if high temperatures appear in a mine tunnel, people will move away from the high temperature. The location where the high temperature appears is the spatial source of the unsafe behavior.

[0057] The present invention can accurately identify a second person with an unsafe behavior risk from a first person, and then determine the spatial source of the unsafe behavior based on the second person. It can quickly determine the spatial source of the unsafe behavior, accurately locate the location of the unsafe incident, and improve safety.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the environmental parameter set and the behavior time characteristics of the personnel are obtained as follows:

[0059] Determining an available first in-lane monitoring device based on the location of the unsafe behavior, wherein the first in-lane monitoring device includes a monitoring device provided at the location where the unsafe behavior occurred and at a spatially adjacent location; the spatially adjacent location is determined based on the walking path of the first person and the backtracking time;

[0060] Determine the environmental parameter set corresponding to each time point according to the first time window;

[0061] Grouping the historical behaviors of the first person in the first lane according to the date on which the behaviors occurred, and obtaining date features of the behaviors;

[0062] The historical behaviors of the first person in the first lane are grouped according to the time period in which the behaviors occurred, and the time period characteristics of the behaviors of the persons are obtained.

[0063] Backtrack along the walking path from the location where the unsafe behavior occurred based on the backtracking time to determine the adjacent location. For example, on the walking path, time 1 corresponds to location 1, time 2 corresponds to location 2, and time 3 corresponds to location 3. If the unsafe behavior occurred at location 3, and backtracking to time 2 based on the backtracking time, then the adjacent location is location 2.

[0064] The time characteristics of personnel behavior reflect the time information of the personnel's historical behavior in the first lane, which can be a certain date or a certain time period.

[0065] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the reference security feature is obtained as follows:

[0066] Determine the primary correlation between the unsafe behaviors of the on-site personnel and the time period;

[0067] Determine the secondary correlation between the unsafe behavior of the personnel present and the date;

[0068] Determine a primary associated object of the unsafe behavior of the on-site personnel based on the larger value of the first association and the second association, wherein the primary associated object is a time period or a date;

[0069] The behavioral characteristics of the personnel associated with the first lane are obtained as reference security characteristics, wherein the personnel associated with the first lane are personnel who have a record of entering the first lane within a time period or date corresponding to the primary association object.

[0070] According to the shift schedule of the workers in the mine, the first correlation between the unsafe behaviors of the on-site personnel and the time period and the second correlation between the unsafe behaviors and the date are determined respectively.

[0071] For example, if a person works in a mine from 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM daily and is not working the rest of the time, then the person's behavior is more closely related to the time period than to the date. Another example is if a person works in a mine from Monday to Thursday and is not working from Friday to Sunday, then the person's behavior is more closely related to the date than to the time period.

[0072] If the first correlation is greater than the second correlation, a reference safety feature is determined based on the time period. For example, if the primary correlation object is a time period, the behavior features of other individuals who entered the first lane during that time period are obtained. If the behavior of these other individuals is considered safe, this behavior is used as the reference safety feature.

[0073] If the first correlation is smaller than the second correlation, the reference safety feature is determined based on the date. For example, when the primary correlation object is the date, the behavior features of other persons who have entered the first lane on that day are obtained as the reference safety feature.

[0074] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the stability of the behavior is determined based on the following method:

[0075] Determine the walking paths of all personnel in the first lane;

[0076] Determine the behavioral characteristics of personnel in each section of the tunnel based on the tunnel sections and personnel walking paths;

[0077] The difference vector between the behavioral characteristics of each segmented person and the reference behavioral characteristics is taken as the stability of the person's behavior.

[0078] A plurality of monitoring devices are installed in the first lane, and the walking paths of all personnel in the first lane can be obtained through the monitoring devices.

[0079] Due to the complex terrain within mines, tunnels are typically divided into segments. Each person's walking path may pass through some of these segments. Due to varying environmental conditions in different segments, the same behavior may be considered safe in some segments but unsafe in others. For each segment, behavioral characteristics of the person are obtained.

[0080] Behavioral characteristics are obtained by processing image data from monitoring equipment and can be represented as vectors. The stability of a person's behavior is determined based on their behavioral characteristics and reference behavioral characteristics. The closer the behavioral characteristics are to the reference behavioral characteristics, the more stable the person's behavior.

[0081] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second person is determined based on the differences in the behaviors of all persons passing through the first lane.

[0082] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second person is obtained based on the following method:

[0083] The stability of personnel behavior is clustered according to the segmentation of the lanes; when clustering, the number of clusters used is 2 to obtain clusters labeled as unsafe group and safe group, and the number of first personnel in the cluster corresponding to the unsafe group is higher than the number of first personnel in the cluster corresponding to the safe group, or the number of personnel in the cluster corresponding to the unsafe group is lower than the number of personnel in the cluster corresponding to the safe group; the second personnel in each lane section is determined based on the first personnel included in the cluster labeled as the unsafe group.

[0084] By clustering the stability of personnel behavior, all first personnel are divided into a safe group and an unsafe group. The personnel included in the unsafe group are the second personnel.

[0085] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spatial source of the unsafe behavior is determined based on the following method:

[0086] Determining the number of third-risk personnel corresponding to each of the plurality of lane segments, wherein the third-risk personnel number is the number of second personnel associated with the lane segment and an adjacent lane, wherein the adjacent lane is a lane segment spatially adjacent to the lane segment;

[0087] An anomaly finding algorithm is used to identify abnormal lanes in the plurality of segments of the lane.

[0088] Determine the adjacent lanes for each segment. A segment's adjacent lanes may contain multiple segments. Then determine the number of second-level personnel for each segment and the number of second-level personnel for all adjacent lanes of each segment. The sum of these two numbers is used as the third-level risk personnel number for that segment.

[0089] For example, for the first segment, the adjacent lane of the first segment is the second segment. The second number of personnel in the first segment is 3, and the second number of personnel in the second segment is 4, so the third number of personnel at risk in the first segment is 7.

[0090] Anomaly detection algorithms are data analysis techniques designed to identify data points or samples that differ significantly from expected patterns or normal behavior. These anomalies may indicate potential problems, errors, unusual events, or abnormal situations. Examples include clustering, statistics, deep learning, and classification models.

[0091] If a spatial risk point appears here, such as high temperature, the number of people who may engage in unsafe behavior will inevitably increase. Under normal circumstances, most data should be random. Therefore, the anomaly points detected by the anomaly detection algorithm are the spatial sources of unsafe behavior.

[0092] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the reference safety feature is obtained based on the behavioral characteristics of the person who entered the first tunnel during the same period on the day when the unsafe behavior occurred; the person who entered the first tunnel does not include the first person, and the same period is the period to which the unsafe behavior occurred.

[0093] Obtain the behavioral characteristics of all personnel other than the first person who entered the first lane during the time period when the unsafe behavior occurred. Since the first person was present when the unsafe behavior occurred, the behavioral characteristics of other personnel during the same time period are unrelated to the unsafe behavior. Therefore, the behavioral characteristics of these other personnel can be used as reference safety characteristics.

[0094] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device includes a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store a program; the processor executes the program to implement the method for identifying the spatial source of unsafe behavior as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0095] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium stores a program, and the program is executed by a processor to implement the method for identifying the spatial source of unsafe behavior as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0096] Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments may be modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented using electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0098] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described devices and equipment can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0099] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the modules is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0100] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of these modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0101] In addition, each functional module in the embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may exist physically separately, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module.

[0102] If the functions are implemented in the form of software modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, or the portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0103] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and an illustration of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention herein is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above-mentioned technical features, but also encompasses other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above-mentioned technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, a technical solution formed by replacing the above-mentioned features with (but not limited to) technical features having similar functions disclosed in this application.

[0104] It should be understood that the size of the serial numbers of the steps in the content of the invention and the embodiments of the present invention does not absolutely mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention. The foregoing description of the implementation of the present disclosure has been given for the purpose of example and description. The foregoing description is not exhaustive and is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the exact form disclosed. Various variations and modifications may exist based on the above teachings, or various variations and modifications may be obtained from the practice of the present disclosure. These embodiments are selected and described in order to illustrate the principles of the present disclosure and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can utilize the present disclosure in various embodiments and various modifications suitable for the specific purpose conceived.

Claims

1. A method for identifying spatial sources of unsafe behavior, characterized in that: include: Identify the unsafe behavior and the first person in the first lane; Determine an environmental parameter set and a behavior time feature of the person according to the unsafe behavior and the first person, wherein the behavior time feature includes a time period feature and a date feature; Determine the reference safety features corresponding to the unsafe behavior; Determining the stability of human behavior based on the difference between a reference safety signature and the safety signature corresponding to the unsafe behavior; Identify a second person who has an unsafe behavior risk based on the stability of the person's behavior; Determine the spatial source of the unsafe behavior based on the location of the lane when the unsafe behavior of the second person occurs; The first person is a person present when the unsafe behavior occurs, and there are at least two people present when the unsafe behavior occurs.

2. The method for identifying the spatial source of unsafe behavior according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental parameter set and the behavior time characteristics of personnel are obtained as follows: Determining an available first in-lane monitoring device based on the location of the unsafe behavior, wherein the first in-lane monitoring device includes a monitoring device provided at the location where the unsafe behavior occurred and at a spatially adjacent location; the spatially adjacent location is determined based on the walking path of the first person and the backtracking time; Determine the environmental parameter set corresponding to each time point according to the first time window; Grouping the historical behaviors of the first person in the first lane according to the date on which the behaviors occurred, and obtaining date features of the behaviors; The historical behaviors of the first person in the first lane are grouped according to the time period in which the behaviors occurred, and the time period characteristics of the behaviors of the persons are obtained.

3. The method for identifying the spatial source of unsafe behavior according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reference security features are obtained as follows: Determine the primary correlation between the unsafe behaviors of the on-site personnel and the time period; Determine the secondary correlation between the unsafe behavior of the personnel present and the date; Determine a primary associated object of the unsafe behavior of the on-site personnel based on the larger value of the first association and the second association, wherein the primary associated object is a time period or a date; The behavioral characteristics of the personnel associated with the first lane are obtained as reference security characteristics, wherein the personnel associated with the first lane are personnel who have a record of entering the first lane within a time period or date corresponding to the primary association object.

4. The method for identifying the spatial source of unsafe behavior according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stability of the behavior is determined based on: Determine the walking paths of all personnel in the first lane; Determine the behavioral characteristics of personnel in each section of the tunnel based on the tunnel sections and personnel walking paths; The difference vector between the behavioral characteristics of each segmented person and the reference behavioral characteristics is taken as the stability of the person's behavior.

5. The method for identifying the spatial source of unsafe behavior according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second person is determined based on differences in the behaviors of all persons passing through the first lane.

6. The method for identifying the spatial source of unsafe behavior according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second person is obtained based on the following method: Clustering the stability of personnel behavior according to the lane segmentation; when clustering, the number of clusters used is 2, so as to obtain clusters labeled as unsafe group and safe group, and the number of first personnel in the cluster corresponding to the unsafe group is higher than the number of first personnel in the cluster corresponding to the safe group, or the number of personnel in the cluster corresponding to the unsafe group is lower than the number of personnel in the cluster corresponding to the safe group; The second personnel in each section of the tunnel are determined based on the first personnel included in the cluster labeled as the unsafe group.

7. The method for identifying the spatial source of unsafe behavior according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spatial source of the unsafe behavior is determined based on the following method: Determining the number of third-risk personnel corresponding to each of the plurality of lane segments, wherein the third-risk personnel number is the number of second personnel associated with the lane segment and an adjacent lane, wherein the adjacent lane is a lane segment spatially adjacent to the lane segment; An anomaly finding algorithm is used to identify abnormal lanes in the plurality of segments of the lane.

8. The method for identifying the spatial source of unsafe behavior according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reference safety features are obtained based on the behavioral features of the persons who entered the first lane in the same period on the day when the unsafe behavior occurred; the persons who entered the first lane do not include the first person, and the same period is the period to which the unsafe behavior occurred.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store a program; the processor executes the program to implement the method for identifying the spatial source of unsafe behavior according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The storage medium stores a program, and the program is executed by a processor to implement the method for identifying a spatial source of an unsafe behavior according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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