Method for preventing and controlling plant aphids

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling plant aphids, which comprises the following specific steps: selecting plant germinated seeds with roots and root length of 2-6 cm, and in the growth process of the plant germinated seeds, applying light for 8 hours and photoperiod treatment in a dark cycle mode for 16 hours; in the plant germinated seeds, the seed sources comprise beans and cruciferous vegetables; meanwhile, in the growth process of the germinated seeds of the plants, a boron-containing nutrient solution is prepared from the following components: 4mM of Ca (NO3) 2.4 H2O, 1mM of KH2PO4, 1mM of KCl, 2mM of MgSO4. 7H2O, 0.5 mM of K2SO4, 50mu M of FeSO4. 7H2O, 50mu M of EDTA.Na2, 10mu M of MnCl2, 5mu M of ZnSO4. 7H2O, 0.5 mu M of CuSO4. 5H2O, 1mu M of (NH4) 6Mo7O24. 4H2O, 35-70 mu M of H3BO3 and 0.5 mu M of CoCl2; nutrient elements are applied according to the following steps that (1) a first boron-containing nutrient solution is adopted in 1-5 days, and the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 20-30% of that of the boron-containing nutrient solution; and (2) after 6-15 days, adopting a second boron-containing nutrient solution, wherein the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 40-60% of that of the boron-containing nutrient solution. The method can effectively prevent and control plant aphids.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of green prevention and control of agricultural pests, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling plant aphids. Background Art

[0002] Aphids are a common pest that poses a number of hazards to plants, agricultural production, and ecosystems. Specifically, they are as follows: (1) Aphids suck the leaves and fruits of plants, causing plant nutrient deficiency, stagnant or delayed tissue growth, and premature aging, which affects the quality and yield of flowering and fruit. Aphids also secrete honeydew, which contaminates leaves and fruits, causing sooty mold disease, and further affects plant photosynthesis. (2) Aphids are one of the main transmitters of plant viral diseases. When they suck plant sap, they transmit viruses to healthy plants, causing widespread viral disease and seriously affecting crop yield and quality. (3) The honeydew secreted by aphids attracts ants and other fungi, which form sooty mold disease on leaves, covering the leaf surface, hindering photosynthesis, and hindering plant growth. (4) Aphids also hinder the approach and predation of pollinating insects and aphids' natural enemies, further exacerbating their negative impact on the ecosystem.

[0003] Moreover, aphids prefer to feed on plant tissues with high sugar content. The accumulation of soluble sugar in plants will significantly increase the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids.

[0004] At present, there are mainly the following methods for the prevention and control of aphids: (1) Chemical control: using pesticides such as imidacloprid, thiamethoxam (neonicotinoids), flubendiamide, pyrethroids, etc. However, this may lead to excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products, threatening consumer health and even violating food safety standards. Long-term residues may pollute soil and water sources and affect the ecological environment. Frequent use of a single pesticide will accelerate the development of resistance in aphids, resulting in a decrease in efficacy, requiring increased dosage or replacement of the agent, forming a vicious cycle. Broad-spectrum insecticides may accidentally kill beneficial insects such as bees and ladybugs, destroying the ecological balance and affecting pollination and the control of natural enemies. (2) Biological control: introducing predatory or parasitic natural enemies such as ladybugs, lacewings, and aphid wasps, or using fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae or microbial preparations such as botanical pesticides (such as matrine). However, the insect control effect of natural enemies is greatly affected by the environment (temperature, humidity) and field management, and may be ineffective in bad weather or when the number of natural enemies is insufficient; and the introduction of foreign natural enemies may cause competition or invasion risks to local species (for example, improperly introduced parasitic wasps may attack non-target insects). Microbial agents (such as fungi) are easily inactivated under strong ultraviolet rays or dry conditions. (3) Agricultural control: Rotate crops with non-host crops to reduce aphid host plants; or remove weeds and diseased debris in the field to destroy the aphid habitat; or plant aphid-resistant or virus-resistant crop varieties. However, crop rotation requires long-term planning and may be difficult to implement due to limited land or economic benefits. The breeding cycle of insect-resistant varieties is long and may gradually become ineffective due to the adaptive evolution of aphids. (4) Physical control: Use aphids' yellow-attracting sticky traps to capture adult insects; or block aphids from migrating into the field. However, such methods have obvious limitations or are costly. For example, yellow boards are only effective against adult insects and cannot control nymphs and eggs, requiring combination with other methods. Insect-proof nets are expensive and may affect ventilation and light, leading to restricted crop growth.

[0005] In view of this, providing a new method for reducing plant aphid pests is of great significance for increasing agricultural output value and promoting the healthy development of agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems and deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for controlling plant aphids. This method is a green pest control method that effectively regulates sugar metabolism during plant growth by adding a specific concentration of boron to the nutrient solution. Furthermore, the method, combined with a specific light-dark cycle, inhibits sugar accumulation, significantly reducing aphid feeding and reproduction rates, effectively controlling aphids. Furthermore, this method is green and efficient, suitable for sustainable pest management of a variety of plants, such as legumes and cruciferous vegetables.

[0007] The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling plant aphids, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting plant germinated seeds that have grown roots and have a root length of 2 to 6 cm; applying a photoperiod treatment of an 8-hour light and 16-hour dark cycle mode during the growth process of the plant germinated seeds; the plant germinated seeds are sourced from beans and cruciferous vegetables; and simultaneously, during the growth process of the plant germinated seeds, using a boron-containing nutrient solution comprising the following components: Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 4mM, KH2PO4 1mM, KCl 1mM, MgSO4·7H2O 2mM, K2SO4 0.5mM, FeSO4·7H2O 50μM, EDTA·Na2 50μM, MnCl2 10μM, ZnSO4·7H2O 5μM, CuSO4·5H2O 0.5μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 24 4H2O 1μM, H3BO3 35-70μM, CoCl2 0.5μM; applying nutrient elements according to the following steps: (1) using a first boron-containing nutrient solution for 1-5 days, wherein the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 20-30% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) using a second boron-containing nutrient solution for 6-15 days, wherein the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 40-60% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution.

[0008] Aphids are a worldwide pest with a wide distribution range and can cause significant losses to agricultural production. As mentioned in the previous background technology, current methods for controlling aphids are environmentally unfriendly, impractical, or costly. Therefore, using environmentally friendly methods to control pest damage is key to sustainable agricultural development.

[0009] Thus, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly, efficient, easy-to-operate, and low-cost method for controlling plant aphids. By applying a boron-containing nutrient solution to plant seedlings, the method can effectively regulate the sugar metabolism of the plant seedlings, thereby reducing the soluble sugar content in the plant seedlings. Because soluble sugar aphids prefer to feed on plant tissues with high sugar content, the accumulation of soluble sugars in the plant body will significantly increase the feeding rate and reproduction rate of the aphids. Therefore, by applying a boron-containing nutrient solution to plant seedlings to reduce the soluble sugar content, the present invention can effectively reduce the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids, thereby effectively controlling aphids.

[0010] Specifically, first, in the boron-containing nutrient solution provided by the present invention, boron can reduce the soluble sugar content by regulating the activity of key enzymes in plant sugar metabolism (such as inhibiting sucrose synthase), thereby reducing the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids, and playing an effective role in preventing and controlling aphids. In addition, there are other specific macroelements and iron salts, trace elements, etc. in the boron-containing nutrient solution. These components are added with specific salts and boric acid, which can further promote the boron element to reduce the soluble sugar content in the plant, and at the same time promote the healthy growth of the plant, avoid malnutrition or other diseases in the plant, and be beneficial to improving the quality of the harvested peas. For example, the soluble sugar content in the plant is affected by elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, and different elements have different interactions, which can jointly affect the level of the soluble sugar content in the plant. Therefore, under the boron-containing nutrient solution provided by the present invention, the specific component combination of its specific concentration can play a role in further reducing the soluble sugar content in the plant, effectively improving the effect of plant prevention and control of aphids. In addition, boric acid and other nutrient solution components can have a certain impact on the reproductive system of aphids, interfere with their reproduction process, and further reduce the reproduction rate of aphids. Furthermore, boric acid and other nutrient solution components can strengthen plant cell wall structure, hindering aphids' stylus penetration and reducing feeding efficiency. Furthermore, boric acid and other nutrient solution components can cause plants to produce secondary metabolites that are toxic to aphids, or alter the physical properties of plant surfaces, such as thickening the wax layer on leaf surfaces, hindering aphid attachment and survival.

[0011] Secondly, a specific photoperiod is applied while applying the boron-containing nutrient solution provided by the present invention. Compared with the usual 12-hour light / 12-hour dark photoperiod, the photoperiod with a shorter photoperiod is more conducive to exerting the effect of the boron-containing nutrient solution to a greater extent. In particular, the synergistic effect with boron can further regulate the sugar metabolism of the plant, thereby further reducing the soluble sugar content of the plant, further improving the effect of preventing and controlling aphids, and at the same time promoting the balance of various physiological processes of the plant, which is beneficial to the growth process of the plant, or producing plants with better quality.

[0012] Third, the present invention applies different concentrations of boron-containing nutrient solution at different growth stages, which is more beneficial to plant growth and development, taking into account various physiological properties of plant growth. Good plant growth and development is more conducive to regulating or influencing sugar metabolism in the plant. In particular, during long-term experiments, the applicant discovered that applying specific concentrations of boron-containing nutrient solution at these different stages can further reduce the soluble sugar content in the plant as the plant grows, thereby effectively reducing the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids. Applying specific concentrations of nutrient solution at these different stages is more beneficial for promoting plant root development, branch and leaf growth, and other factors, helping the plant grow stronger. Well-growing plants are better able to resist aphid infestation because healthy plants generally produce more defensive substances and have stronger compensation and repair abilities, thereby reducing the damage caused by aphid damage. Peas are in the seedling stage of 1-5 days, when their root systems are not yet fully developed and their nutritional needs are relatively low. Using a nutrient solution containing 20-30% boron can avoid nutrient overload while providing sufficient nutrients to support seedling growth. Peas enter a rapid growth phase in 6-15 days, with their root systems gradually developing and their nutritional needs increasing. Using a 40-60% boron-containing nutrient solution can meet the plant's high nutritional needs and promote rapid growth of stems, leaves, and roots. Furthermore, the boron-containing nutrient solution provided by the present invention contains many specific nutrients that play a crucial role in promoting the healthy growth and development of plants. The resulting nutrient solution, obtained by mixing these specific ingredients in specific proportions, is more conducive to plant growth and, in turn, to aphid control.

[0013] Moreover, the present invention achieves effective prevention and control of aphids simply by applying a boron-containing nutrient solution to plants. Compared with the methods of using pesticides or introducing natural enemies in the prior art, the present invention is greener and more environmentally friendly, and is conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0014] In summary, the combination of specific photoperiod and specific boron-containing nutrient solution treatment not only avoids the negative impact of single light regulation on plant growth, but also reduces sugar content through dual pathways, significantly improving the aphid prevention and control effect, while being more conducive to the balance of various physiological processes of plants and promoting plant growth.

[0015] Preferably, the beans include at least one of soybeans, green beans, black beans, red beans, mung beans, kidney beans, peas, broad beans, chickpeas, and lentils.

[0016] Preferably, the cruciferous vegetables include at least one of Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, rapeseed, radish, kale, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese mustard, shepherd's purse, mustard greens, purple cabbage, red cabbage, watercress, radish, watercress, horseradish, and mustard greens.

[0017] Preferably, the plant germinated seedlings include pea germinated seeds, and the root length of the pea germinated seeds is 3 to 4 cm.

[0018] The present invention shows through relevant experiments that applying a boron-containing nutrient solution to peas can effectively regulate the sugar metabolism in the peas and reduce the soluble sugar content in the peas. Therefore, it can effectively reduce the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids in the peas, thereby reducing the number of aphids, effectively preventing and controlling pea aphids, providing a good external environment for the healthy growth of peas, and providing a cultivation direction for the large-scale cultivation of high-quality peas, which is beneficial to agricultural health and ecological development.

[0019] Preferably, during the growth of plant germination seeds, nutrient elements are applied according to the following steps: (1) a first boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 1-5 days, and the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 25% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) a second boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 6-15 days, and the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 50% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution.

[0020] Preferably, during the growth of plant germination seeds, nutrient elements are applied according to the following steps: (1) a first boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 1-5 days, and the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 20-30% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) a second boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 6-15 days, and the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 40-60% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (3) a third boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 16-25 days, and the concentration of all components in the third boron-containing nutrient solution is 90-100% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution.

[0021] Preferably, during the growth of plant germination seeds, nutrient elements are applied according to the following steps: (1) a first boron-containing nutrient solution is used from 1 to 5 days, and the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 25% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) a second boron-containing nutrient solution is used from 6 to 15 days, and the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 50% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (3) a third boron-containing nutrient solution is used from 16 to 25 days, and the concentration of all components in the third boron-containing nutrient solution is consistent with that in the boron-containing nutrient solution.

[0022] Preferably, the boron concentration in the boron-containing nutrient solution is 70 μM. Controlling the boron concentration at 70 μM is more conducive to regulating sugar metabolism in plants, reducing the soluble sugar content in plants, and is more conducive to preventing and controlling aphids and promoting good plant growth.

[0023] Preferably, the boron-containing nutrient solution is replaced or reapplied every 3 to 7 days. The boron-containing nutrient solution includes the first boron-containing nutrient solution, the second boron-containing nutrient solution, or the third boron-containing nutrient solution.

[0024] Preferably, the boron-containing nutrient solution is replaced or reapplied every 3 to 7 days, and the treatment is continued for 2 to 5 times.

[0025] Preferably, the boron-containing nutrient solution is replaced or reapplied every 5 days for 3 consecutive treatments.

[0026] Preferably, the pH of the boron-containing culture solution is 5 to 6.5.

[0027] Preferably, during the illumination treatment process, the light source includes at least one of natural light and white light, and the intensity of the light source is 1000 to 3000 Lux.

[0028] Preferably, the light source comprises LED white light.

[0029] Preferably, during the growth of plant germination seeds, the temperature is controlled at 20-27° C. and the humidity is controlled at 60%-70%.

[0030] Preferably, during the growth of plant germination seeds, the cultivation method includes at least one of aerosol culture, hydroponics, and soil culture.

[0031] Preferably, during the growth process of plant germination seeds, the mode of applying the boron-containing nutrient solution includes at least one of soil irrigation, foliar spraying, and root soaking. Preferably, during the growth process of plant germination seeds, soil cultivation is adopted, and the mode of applying the boron-containing nutrient solution includes at least one of soil irrigation and foliar spraying. Preferably, during the growth process of plant germination seeds, hydroponics or aerosol cultivation is adopted, and the mode of applying the boron-containing nutrient solution includes at least one of foliar spraying and root soaking.

[0032] Preferably, the cultivation method for obtaining plant germinated seeds includes at least one of aerosol cultivation, hydroponics, and soil cultivation.

[0033] Preferably, plant seedlings are obtained by hydroponically or soil-culturing plant germinated seeds.

[0034] In summary, the method for controlling plant aphids provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] (1) Targeted control: Directly weaken the feeding motivation of aphids by reducing the soluble sugar content of plants, reducing dependence on chemical pesticides. (2) Eco-friendly: Both photoperiod regulation and boron are physical or normal means of applying nutrients, without residual pollution. (3) Synergistic enhancement: Boron can regulate the sugar metabolism of plants and reduce the soluble sugar content of plants. Further combined with a specific photoperiod, it can synergize and enhance the effect of boron on sugar metabolism, further enhancing the effect of boron on plant aphid control. (4) Universality: The method provided by the present invention can be applied to a large number of aphid-susceptible crops, such as beans, cruciferous vegetables, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 as well as Figure 2The quantitative and qualitative results of soluble sugar content in leaves were obtained after 15 days of cultivation under two boron levels: 35μM H3BO3 (low boron) and 70μM H3BO3 (high boron) and two photoperiods (8h light / 16h dark cycle and 12h light / 12h dark cycle). Figure 2 In the figure, the color diagram of soluble sugar content shows the change of content. The darker the color, the higher the sugar content, and vice versa. The color of low-boron soluble sugar content is obviously higher, so the soluble sugar content of the plant is high.

[0037] Figure 3 Quantitative results of aphid counts on pea leaves after 25 days of cultivation, two boron levels: 35 μM H3BO3 (low boron) and 70 μM H3BO3 (high boron) and two photoperiods (8 h light / 16 h dark cycle and 12 h light / 12 h dark cycle). Figure 4 The results of photographic counting of aphids on pea leaves after 25 days of cultivation, two boron levels of 35μM H3BO3 (low boron) and 70μM H3BO3 (high boron) and the same photoperiod (8h light / 16h dark cycle and 12h light / 12h dark photoperiod). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] In this example, pea sprouted seeds with a root length of 3 to 4 cm were selected and cultured hydroponically, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0041] Pea germinated seeds with a root length of 3 to 4 cm were selected and cultured in a nutrient solution (pH 5.5) at 24°C, 65% relative humidity, and a light intensity of 3000 Lux (LED white light) for 25 days;

[0042] Among them, during the growth process of pea germination seeds, the boron-containing nutrient solution includes the following components: Ca(NO3)2·4H2O4mM, KH2PO4 1mM, KCl 1mM, MgSO4·7H2O 2mM, K2SO40.5mM, FeSO4·7H2O 50μM, EDTA·Na2 50μM, MnCl2 10μM, ZnSO4·7H2O 5μM, CuSO4·5H2O 0.5μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 244H2O 1μM, H3BO3 35-70μM, CoCl2 0.5μM; apply nutrients as follows:

[0043] (1) From 1 to 5 days, a first boron-containing nutrient solution was used, and the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution was 25% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) From 6 to 15 days, a second boron-containing nutrient solution was used, and the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution was 50% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (3) From 16 to 25 days, a third boron-containing nutrient solution was used, and the concentration of all components in the third boron-containing nutrient solution was consistent with that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; wherein, the boric acid concentration varied according to the different treatment groups set below.

[0044] This example employed two boron levels: 35 μM H3BO3 (low boron) and 70 μM H3BO3 (high boron), and two photoperiods (8 h light / 16 h dark and 12 h light / 12 h dark). The boron source was boric acid (H3BO3), a white, crystalline powder with a weak acidity. Boron was added to the nutrient solution, maintaining the pH of the culture at 5.5.

[0045] After 15 days of culturing peas, aphids were found and the soluble sugar content of the leaves was determined. The results were as follows: Figure 1 、 2 The specific steps for measuring the soluble sugar content of leaves are as follows:

[0046] Sample collection: After culturing pea in 35 μM and 70 μM H3BO3 nutrient solution for 15 days, leaves of pea (Zhongwan No. 6) were collected;

[0047] Sample extraction: Weigh approximately 0.1-0.2 g of fresh sample, add 1 ml of distilled water, grind into a homogenate at room temperature, and transfer to a 2 ml centrifuge tube; place the tube in a boiling water bath for 10 min and then cool; centrifuge at 8000 g for 10 min at 25°C, collect the supernatant in a 10 ml tube, dilute to 10 ml with distilled water, and shake well for testing;

[0048] Sample testing: The soluble sugar content in the sample was determined using the anthrone colorimetric method; 40 μl of the test solution was added to 40 μl of distilled water, 20 μl of anthrone reagent, and 200 μl of concentrated sulfuric acid, respectively. The mixture was thoroughly mixed and placed in a 95°C water bath for 10 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, 200 μl was transferred to a 96-well microplate reader and the absorbance (OD value) was measured at a wavelength of 620 nm using an enzyme reader (EnSight full-wavelength microplate reader, PerkinElmer, China). The plant soluble sugar concentration in the sample was calculated based on the standard curve.

[0049] After 25 days of cultivation, take photos and count the insects. The results are as follows: Figure 3 、 4 shown.

[0050] Depend on Figure 1 and Figure 2 As can be seen, after 15 days of cultivation, the soluble sugar content of pea seedlings treated with 35μM boron (B 35μM) was significantly higher than that of 70μM boron (B 70μM) under both photoperiods. Under B 35μM, the soluble sugar content of pea seedlings cultured under a 12h light / 12h dark photoperiod was significantly higher than that under an 8h light / 16h dark photoperiod. There was no significant difference in sugar content between the two photoperiods under B 70μM. These results indicate that higher boron concentrations significantly reduced the soluble sugar content of pea seedlings, particularly under a 12h light / 12h dark photoperiod, where the soluble sugar content decreased by 23-fold.

[0051] Depend on Figure 3 and Figure 4 As can be seen, after 25 days of culture, aphid counts on pea leaves revealed that the number of aphids in pea seedlings cultured under an 8-hour light / 16-hour dark photoperiod was very low, while the number of aphids in pea seedlings cultured under a 12-hour light / 12-hour dark photoperiod was significantly higher than that in pea seedlings cultured under an 8-hour light / 16-hour dark photoperiod. Furthermore, the aphid count in the 35μM B treatment was significantly higher than that in the 70μM B treatment. This indicates that pea seedlings cultured under a 12-hour light / 12-hour dark photoperiod are prone to aphid infestation, and high boron can reduce aphid infestations.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that, during the light cycle, the light source intensity is 800 Lux and the B treatment is 70 μM; the rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0054] Similarly, after 15 days of pea cultivation, leaves were taken to measure the soluble sugar content (the specific steps for taking leaves to measure the soluble sugar content were consistent with Example 1). It was found that too low light intensity would cause the soluble sugar content in the pea leaves to decrease significantly. The main reason is that weak light can reduce photosynthesis efficiency and reduce sugar synthesis. At the same time, the plant will preferentially transport limited sugar to key parts such as the root system, resulting in reduced sugar accumulation in the leaves. Long-term weak light can also cause leaf yellowing, further reducing sugar content. This phenomenon reflects the important influence of light intensity on plant carbon metabolism and growth and development. In experiments or production, it is necessary to ensure appropriate lighting conditions to maintain normal plant growth and metabolism.

[0055] After 25 days of cultivation, photos were taken and insect statistics were performed. It was found that compared with Example 1, low light intensity would lead to a significant increase in the number of aphids on pea plants. The main reason is that weak light can reduce the synthesis of insect-resistant substances in plants, while promoting protein decomposition to increase amino acids that aphids like; the leaves become thinner and softer and are more easily pierced and sucked; more odors that attract aphids are released, and a humid and cool environment is formed. These changes together make it easier for aphids to survive and reproduce.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that, during the light cycle, the light source intensity is 4000 Lux, and B is treated at 70 μM; the rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0058] Similarly, after 15 days of culturing peas, leaves were taken to measure the soluble sugar content (the specific steps for taking leaves to measure the soluble sugar content were the same as in Example 1). It was found that excessively high light intensity may lead to an increase in the soluble sugar content in pea leaves, mainly because enhanced photosynthesis promotes sugar synthesis, while the sugar transport rate temporarily cannot keep up with the synthesis rate; in addition, plants will respond to strong light stress by increasing soluble sugar accumulation.

[0059] After 25 days of cultivation, photographs were taken and insect counts were taken. Compared to Example 1, excessively high light intensity significantly reduced the number of aphids on pea plants. This was primarily due to an increase in plant defense-related metabolites, changes in volatile composition, and alterations in physical structure under high light conditions, which reduced the plant's attractiveness to aphids. While excessive light intensity may suppress aphids in the short term by inducing defense mechanisms, long-term stress can lead to damage to the photosynthetic system, metabolic imbalance, structural fragility, and degradation of ecosystem function, weakening the plant's chemical defenses and altering its volatile signaling, adversely affecting the growth and development of the pea plant.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] This comparative example differs from Example 1 in that no boron is added to the nutrient solution, and the photoperiod adopts an 8-h light / 16-h dark cycle; the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0062] Similarly, after 15 days of pea cultivation, leaves were taken to determine the soluble sugar content (the specific steps for taking leaves to determine the soluble sugar content were consistent with Example 1). It was found that under the conditions of no boron element and a photoperiod of 8 hours light / 16 hours dark cycle, the soluble sugar content in pea leaves was significantly reduced. The main reason was that boron deficiency led to obstructed transport of photosynthetic products and metabolic disorders, and the short light period limited the efficiency of photosynthesis.

[0063] After 25 days of cultivation, photos were taken and insect statistics were conducted. It was found that under the conditions of no boron element and an 8-hour light / 16-hour dark cycle, the number of aphids on pea plants increased significantly. The main reason is that boron deficiency will also reduce the synthesis of insect-resistant substances in plants, while promoting protein decomposition to increase amino acids that aphids like; the leaves become thinner and softer and are easier to be pierced and sucked; they will also release more odors that attract aphids and form a humid and cool environment that is suitable. These changes together make it easier for aphids to survive and reproduce.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that a 24-h dark cycle is set in the light cycle and high boron treatment (B 70 μM) is used; the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0066] Similarly, after 15 days of culturing peas, leaves were taken to measure the soluble sugar content (the specific steps for taking leaves to measure the soluble sugar content were the same as in Example 1). It was found that under completely dark conditions, the soluble sugar content in the pea leaves would be significantly reduced. The main reason is that photosynthesis completely stops, the plant cannot synthesize new carbohydrates, and at the same time relies on seed storage substances to maintain life activities.

[0067] After 25 days of cultivation, photographs and insect counts revealed that under complete darkness, the number of aphids on pea plants can be significantly reduced or even eliminated. This is primarily due to the extremely low levels of soluble sugars and amino acids in the plants. Furthermore, stagnant plant growth and changes in volatile composition make the plants less attractive to aphids. Furthermore, stagnant growth can weaken pea plants, with yellowing and thinning leaves, making them inedible and unusable.

[0068] Comparative Example 3

[0069] This comparative example differs from Example 1 in that the photoperiod adopts an 8-hour light / 16-hour dark cycle, and the boron concentration in the nutrient solution is higher, at 80 μM; the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0070] Similarly, after 15 days of culturing peas, the soluble sugar content of leaves was measured (the specific steps for measuring soluble sugar content in leaves were consistent with Example 1). It was found that when the boron concentration was too high, especially under a photoperiod of 8 hours light / 16 hours dark, the soluble sugar content of leaves taken after 15 days of culturing peas decreased. This is because excessive boron inhibits the activity of sugar metabolism enzymes, interferes with carbon distribution balance, and causes cell membrane damage, resulting in reduced sugar synthesis and increased sugar excretion.

[0071] After 25 days of incubation, photographs and insect counts were taken. Under 8-hour light / 16-hour dark conditions, the two different boron concentrations (35 μM and 70 μM) had no significant effect on the number of aphids per leaf, resulting in relatively low aphid counts. This is because short days strongly activate the plant's insect defense system (e.g., inducing the synthesis of defense substances and altering volatile compounds), limiting the potential for increased boron efficiencies. Furthermore, under short days, a 35 μM boron concentration already meets basic insect resistance requirements, and a higher concentration (70 μM) has no significant marginal benefit. Furthermore, short days directly inhibit aphid activity, contributing to the low aphid counts under both boron treatments.

[0072] Comparative Example 4

[0073] This comparative example differs from Example 1 in that boron was not applied during the first 1-5 days of growth of the pea seedlings, and boron (B 70 μM) was applied during the subsequent 6-15 days; the rest of the treatment was the same as in Example 1.

[0074] Similarly, after 15 days of pea cultivation, leaves were taken to measure the soluble sugar content (the specific steps for taking leaves to measure the soluble sugar content were consistent with Example 1). It was found that the late application of boron may miss the critical period of plant growth, thereby affecting the accumulation of soluble sugars and the overall growth of the plant, thus causing the soluble sugar content in this comparative example to increase. Because boron deficiency inhibits the activity of key enzymes in sugar transport and hinders the growth of new tissues, photosynthetic products accumulate in the leaves and cannot be effectively transported and utilized.

[0075] After 25 days of cultivation, photos were taken and insect infestation statistics were collected. It was found that late boron application missed the critical period for aphid control, resulting in poor aphid control and a high number of aphids on the plants. This is because the critical control window during the seedling stage, when boron is involved in cell wall strengthening and defense substance synthesis, was missed; later boron supplementation failed to activate the jasmonic acid defense pathway in a timely manner, resulting in insufficient accumulation of insect-resistant substances (phenols and lignin); and early-establishing aphids had already established a population advantage. The key is that the defensive effect of boron is time-sensitive, and delayed application significantly reduced control efficiency.

[0076] Comparative Example 5

[0077] This comparative example differs from Example 1 in that, during the growth of the pea seedlings, the added nutrient solution does not contain cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 ); the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0078] Similarly, after 15 days of cultivation, pea leaves were harvested for determination of soluble sugar content (the specific steps for harvesting soluble sugar content were the same as in Example 1). It was found that without the addition of CoCl2, soluble sugar content in the plants increased. This is primarily because cobalt deficiency hinders sugar metabolism and transport, while also reducing sugar consumption by new tissues, leading to sugar accumulation in the leaves. However, long-term cobalt deficiency can reduce sugar content due to decreased photosynthetic capacity.

[0079] After 25 days of cultivation, photographs and insect counts were taken. It was found that omitting CoCl2 from the nutrient solution negatively impacted aphid control, with higher numbers of aphids appearing on the plants. This is because cobalt deficiency impairs the synthesis of insect-resistant metabolites, increases the content of free amino acids favored by aphids, and weakens cell wall structure. These three factors collectively reduce the plant's defenses and increase its attractiveness to aphids.

[0080] Comparative Example 6

[0081] This comparative example differs from Example 1 in that, during the growth of the pea seedlings, the added nutrient solution does not contain cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 ) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ); the rest is consistent with Example 1.

[0082] Similarly, after 15 days of culturing peas, the soluble sugar content of the leaves was measured (the specific steps for measuring the soluble sugar content of the leaves were the same as in Example 1). It was found that the soluble sugar content in the plants increased without the addition of CoCl2 and MgSO4. When CoCl2 and MgSO4 were not added, the soluble sugar content of the pea leaves increased in a short period of time (15 days), mainly because of the lack of Mg. 2+ Obstruction of sugar transport, Co deficiency 2+ It affects sugar metabolism, causing photosynthetic products to accumulate in the leaves; at the same time, nutrient deficiency inhibits the growth of new tissues and reduces sugar consumption.

[0083] After 25 days of cultivation, photographs were taken and insect infestation statistics were compiled. It was discovered that omitting CoCl2 and MgSO4 from the nutrient solution negatively impacted aphid control, with higher numbers of aphids appearing on the plants, and even more aphids on the control plants. This is because magnesium deficiency impairs plant photosynthesis and the synthesis of insect-resistant secondary metabolites, while also leading to the accumulation of free amino acids that attract aphids. Cobalt deficiency, on the other hand, impairs the activity of defense enzymes and lignin synthesis. Together, these factors undermine the plant's chemical defenses and physical barrier function, creating a nutritional environment more conducive to aphid feeding. This suggests that multiple nutrients interact synergistically, and only when present together can they promote pea plant growth and further enhance aphid control.

[0084] In summary, the concentration of B treatment has a significant effect on aphid reproduction, and this effect is modulated by the duration of light exposure. A relatively low concentration of B treatment (35 μM) significantly promoted aphid reproduction under a longer light duration (12 hours of light / 12 hours of darkness), while a higher concentration of B treatment (70 μM), while also having a certain promoting effect, was less significant than the lower concentration. This suggests that there is an optimal concentration range for the effect of B treatment on aphid reproduction. Within this optimal concentration range, B can not only maximize its ability to control aphid reproduction, but also synergize with other nutrients to promote plant growth and development, thereby further improving the effectiveness of aphid control.

[0085] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents, but these modifications or replacements are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling plant aphids, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: selecting plant germinated seeds that have grown roots with a root length of 2 to 6 cm, and applying a photoperiod treatment of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of dark cycle mode during the growth of the plant germinated seeds; The plant germinated seeds may be derived from beans and cruciferous vegetables; At the same time, during the growth process of the plant germination seeds, a boron-containing nutrient solution is used, which includes the following components: Ca(NO3)2·4H2O4mM, KH2PO4 1mM, KCl 1mM, MgSO4·7H2O 2mM, K2SO40.5mM, FeSO4·7H2O 50μM, EDTA·Na2 50μM, MnCl2 10μM, ZnSO4·7H2O 5μM, CuSO4·5H2O 0.5μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 24 4H2O 1μM, H3BO3 35-70μM, CoCl2 0.5μM; apply nutrients as follows: (1) using a first boron-containing nutrient solution for 1-5 days, wherein the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 20-30% of the concentration of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) A second boron-containing nutrient solution is used from 6 to 15 days, wherein the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 40 to 60% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution.

2. The method for controlling plant aphids according to claim 1, wherein: The plant germinated seeds include pea germinated seeds, and the root length of the pea germinated seeds is 3 to 4 cm.

3. The method for controlling plant aphids according to claim 1, wherein: During the growth of plant germination seeds, apply nutrients according to the following steps: (1) using a first boron-containing nutrient solution for 1-5 days, wherein the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 25% of that of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) A second boron-containing nutrient solution was used from d 6 to 15, wherein the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution was 50% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution.

4. The method for controlling plant aphids according to claim 1, wherein: During the growth of plant germination seeds, apply nutrients according to the following steps: (1) using a first boron-containing nutrient solution for 1-5 days, wherein the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 20-30% of the concentration of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) using a second boron-containing nutrient solution for 6-15 days, wherein the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 40-60% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (3) A third boron-containing nutrient solution is used from 16 to 25 days, wherein the concentration of all components in the third boron-containing nutrient solution is 90 to 100% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution.

5. The method for controlling plant aphids according to claim 4, wherein: During the growth of plant germination seeds, apply nutrients according to the following steps: (1) using a first boron-containing nutrient solution for 1-5 days, wherein the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 25% of that of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) using a second boron-containing nutrient solution for 6-15 days, wherein the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 50% of that of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (3) A third boron-containing nutrient solution was used from d 16 to d 25, and the concentrations of all components in the third boron-containing nutrient solution were consistent with those in the boron-containing nutrient solution.

6. The method for controlling plant aphids according to claim 1, wherein: In the boron-containing nutrient solution, the concentration of boric acid is 70 μM.

7. The method for controlling plant aphids according to claim 1, wherein: The pH of the boron-containing culture solution is 5-6.

5.

8. The method for controlling plant aphids according to claim 1, wherein: During the illumination treatment process, the light source includes at least one of natural light and white light, and the intensity of the light source is 1000 to 3000 Lux.

9. The method for controlling plant aphids according to claim 1, wherein: During the growth process of the plant germination seeds, the temperature is controlled at 20-27° C. and the humidity is controlled at 60%-70%.

10. The method for controlling plant aphids according to claim 1, wherein: During the growth of the plant germination seeds, the cultivation method includes at least one of aerosol cultivation, hydroponics, and soil cultivation.

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