Method for preventing and controlling plant aphids

Abstract

The application provides a method for preventing and controlling plant aphids, and the specific steps are as follows: selecting plant germination seeds that have grown roots and the root length is 2-6 cm, applying a light cycle treatment of 8h light and 16h darkness in the growth process of the plant germination seeds; in the plant germination seeds, the seed sources include legumes and cruciferous vegetables; and in the growth process of the plant germination seeds, a boron-containing nutrient solution containing the following components is used: Ca(NO3)2.4H2O 4mM, KH2PO4 1mM, KCl 1mM, MgSO4.7H2O 2mM, K2SO40.5mM, FeSO4.7H2O 50μM, EDTA.Na2 50μM, MnCl2 10μM, ZnSO4.7H2O 5μM, CuSO4.5H2O 0.5μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 24 4H2O 1μM, H3BO3 35-70μM, CoCl20.5μM; the nutrient elements are applied according to the following steps: (1) the first boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 1-5d, and the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 20-30% of that of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) the second boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 6-15d, and the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 40-60% of that of the boron-containing nutrient solution. The method can effectively prevent and control plant aphids.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of green prevention and control technology of agricultural pests, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling plant aphids. BACKGROUND

[0002] Aphids are a common pest that has many harmful effects on plants, agricultural production, and ecosystems. Specifically, aphids have the following harmful effects: (1) Aphids pierce and suck the leaves and fruits of plants, causing the plants to lack nutrients, and the growth of the plants to stop or be delayed, the plants to age prematurely, and the plants to have poor flowering and fruit quality and yield. Aphids also secrete honeydew, which can contaminate the leaves and fruits, cause sooty mold, and further affect the photosynthesis of the plants. (2) Aphids are one of the main transmitters of plant viral diseases. When aphids pierce and suck the sap of plants, they can transmit viruses to healthy plants, causing viral diseases to occur on a large scale and severely affect the yield and quality of crops. (3) The honeydew secreted by aphids can attract ants and other miscellaneous bacteria, which can form sooty mold on the leaves and cover the surface of the leaves, hindering photosynthesis and causing the growth of the plants to be hindered. (4) Aphids can also hinder the approach and predation of pollinating insects and natural enemies of aphids, further exacerbating their negative impact on ecosystems.

[0003] Moreover, aphids prefer to feed on plant tissues with high sugar content, and the accumulation of soluble sugars in plants can significantly increase the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids.

[0004] Currently, there are mainly the following methods for the prevention and control of aphids: (1) Chemical control: using pesticides such as imidacloprid, thiamethoxam (neonicotinoids), sulfoxaflor, pyrethroids, etc. However, it may lead to pesticide residues exceeding the standard in agricultural products, threatening the health of consumers, and even violating food safety standards. Long-term residues may pollute the soil and water, affecting the ecological environment. Frequent use of single pesticides can accelerate the development of aphid resistance, leading to decreased efficacy, the need for increased dosage or replacement of pesticides, and a vicious cycle. Broad-spectrum insecticides may mistakenly kill beneficial insects such as bees and ladybugs, disrupting the ecological balance and affecting pollination and the control of natural enemies. (2) Biological control: introducing predatory or parasitic natural enemies such as ladybugs, lacewings, and aphid wasps, or using microbial agents such as fungi (e.g., Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae) and plant-derived pesticides (e.g., matrine). However, the control effect of natural enemies is greatly influenced by the environment (temperature, humidity) and field management, and may fail in adverse weather or when the number of natural enemies is insufficient. The introduction of foreign natural enemies may pose competition or invasion risks to local species (e.g., parasitic wasps introduced inappropriately may attack non-target insects). Microbial agents (e.g., fungi) are easily inactivated under strong ultraviolet light or dry conditions. (3) Agricultural control: crop rotation and planting non-host crops to reduce aphid host plants, or removing weeds and diseased residues to destroy the aphid habitat, or planting aphid-resistant or virus-resistant crop varieties. However, crop rotation requires long-term planning and may be difficult to implement due to limited land or economic benefits. The breeding of pest-resistant varieties is a long process, and may gradually lose effectiveness due to aphid adaptive evolution. (4) Physical control: using aphid phototaxis to trap adult insects, or blocking aphid migration into the field. However, such methods have obvious limitations or high costs, such as yellow traps being effective only for adult insects and unable to control nymphs and eggs, the need for combination with other methods, and the high cost of insect-proof nets, which may affect ventilation and light, limiting crop growth.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great significance to provide a novel method for reducing plant aphid pests to improve agricultural output and promote the healthy development of agriculture. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the problems and deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a method for preventing and controlling plant aphids, which is a green prevention and control method. By adding a specific concentration of boron to the nutrient solution, the sugar metabolism during plant growth can be effectively regulated, and further combined with a specific light-dark cycle, the accumulation of sugar can be inhibited, thereby significantly reducing the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids, and playing a good role in preventing and controlling aphids. Moreover, it is green and efficient, and suitable for sustainable pest management of various plants such as legumes and cruciferous vegetables.

[0007] The application provides a method for preventing and controlling plant aphids, and the specific steps are as follows: selecting plant germination seeds that have grown roots and the root length is 2-6 cm, and applying a light cycle treatment of 8h light and 16h darkness during the growth of the plant germination seeds; in the plant germination seeds, the seed sources include legumes and cruciferous vegetables; and in the growth of the plant germination seeds, a boron-containing nutrient solution containing the following components is used: Ca(NO3)2.4H2O 4mM, KH2PO4 1mM, KCl 1mM, MgSO4.7H2O 2mM, K2SO40.5mM, FeSO4.7H2O 50μM, EDTA.Na2 50μM, MnCl2 10μM, ZnSO4.7H2O 5μM, CuSO4.5H2O 0.5μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 24 4H2O 1μM, H3BO3 35-70μM, CoCl20.5μM; the nutrient elements are applied according to the following steps: (1) the first boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 1-5 days, and the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 20-30% of that of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) the second boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 6-15 days, and the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 40-60% of that of the boron-containing nutrient solution.

[0008] Aphids are a worldwide pest, and they have a wide distribution range and can cause great loss of agricultural production. As mentioned in the background art, the current prevention and control of aphids is not environmentally friendly or is not conducive to actual operation or is high in cost. Therefore, using a green and environmentally friendly method to control the harm of pests is the key to the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0009] Therefore, the application provides an environmentally friendly, efficient, easy-to-operate and low-cost method for preventing and controlling plant aphids, which can effectively regulate the sugar metabolism of plant seedlings by applying a boron-containing nutrient solution to the plant seedlings, thereby reducing the soluble sugar content in the plant seedlings. Since aphids prefer to feed on plant tissues with high sugar content, the accumulation of soluble sugar in the plant body can significantly increase the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids. Therefore, by applying a boron-containing nutrient solution to the plant seedlings to reduce the soluble sugar content, the application can effectively reduce the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids, thereby effectively preventing and controlling aphids.

[0010] Specifically, one of the provided boron-containing nutrient solution, boron can be regulated by key enzymes of plant sugar metabolism (such as inhibition of sucrose synthase), reduce soluble sugar content, and thus reduce the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids, play an effective role in the prevention and control of aphids, in addition, boron-containing nutrient solution also has other specific macronutrients and iron salt, trace elements, etc., these components are added with specific salt and boric acid, which can further promote the boron element to reduce the soluble sugar content in plants, while promoting the healthy growth of plants, avoiding the occurrence of plant malnutrition or other diseases, and improving the quality of pea yield. For example, the soluble sugar content in plants is affected by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and other elements, and different elements have different interactions, which can jointly affect the high and low of soluble sugar content in plants, therefore, under the boron-containing nutrient solution provided by the present application, the specific concentration of the specific component combination can further reduce the soluble sugar content in plants, and effectively improve the effect of aphid control. In addition, boric acid and other nutrient solution components can affect the reproductive system of aphids, interfere with their reproduction process, and further reduce the reproduction rate of aphids. In addition, boric acid and other nutrient solution components can also enhance the structure of plant cell wall, hinder the penetration of aphid stylet, and reduce the feeding efficiency. At the same time, boric acid and other nutrient solution components can also make plants produce some secondary metabolites that are toxic to aphids, or change the physical properties of the plant surface, such as thickening the wax layer on the leaf surface, which is not conducive to the attachment and survival of aphids.

[0011] Secondly, the boron-containing nutrient solution provided by the present application is applied at the same time as the specific photoperiod, compared with the usual 12h light / 12h dark light cycle, the above-mentioned light period with shorter light time is more conducive to the effect of the boron-containing nutrient solution, especially the synergistic effect of boron can further regulate the sugar metabolism of plants, thereby further reducing the soluble sugar content of plants, further improving the effect of aphid control, and promoting the balance of various physiological processes of plants, which is beneficial to the growth process of plants or plants with better quality.

[0012] Thirdly, the present application applies boron-containing nutrient solution with different concentrations in different growth stages, which is more conducive to the growth and development of plants, and takes into account the physiological properties of plant growth. Good plant growth and development is more conducive to regulating or affecting sugar metabolism in the plant body, especially during the long-term experiment, the applicant found that applying boron-containing nutrient solution with specific concentration in the above different periods, with the growth of plants, can be more conducive to further reducing the soluble sugar content in the plant body, thus effectively reducing the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids. Because the above-mentioned application of nutrient solution with specific concentration in different periods is more conducive to promoting the development of plant root system, branch and leaf growth, etc., which helps the plant to grow healthy. Well-grown plants can better resist the invasion of aphids, because healthy plants usually produce more defense substances, and have stronger compensation and repair ability, thereby reducing the loss caused by aphid damage. Among them, peas are in the seedling stage for 1-5 days, the root system has not yet fully developed, and the nutrient demand is low. Using 20-30% boron-containing nutrient solution can avoid nutrient excess, while providing sufficient nutrient support for seedling growth. Peas enter the rapid growth period for 6-15 days, the root system gradually develops, and the nutrient demand increases. Using 40-60% boron-containing nutrient solution can meet the higher demand of plants for nutrients, and promote the rapid growth of stems, leaves and roots. Moreover, the boron-containing nutrient solution provided by the present application contains many specific nutrient components, which play a very key role in promoting the healthy growth and development of plants. The nutrient solution obtained by mixing the above-mentioned specific components in a specific ratio is more conducive to plant growth, and further more conducive to aphid control.

[0013] Moreover, the present application achieves effective control of aphids by applying boron-containing nutrient solution to plants, which is more green, environmentally friendly, and conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture compared with the use of pesticides or the introduction of natural enemies in the prior art.

[0014] In summary, the combination of specific photoperiod and specific boron-containing nutrient solution treatment not only avoids the negative effects of single light regulation on plant growth, but also reduces sugar content through two pathways, significantly improves aphid control effect, and is more conducive to the balance of plant physiological processes and promotes plant growth.

[0015] Preferably, the legumes include at least one of soybeans, green beans, black beans, red beans, green beans, kidney beans, peas, broad beans, chickpeas, lentils.

[0016] Preferably, the cruciferous vegetables include at least one of Chinese cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, rape, radish, cabbage, cauliflower, cabbage, cauliflower, leaf mustard, shepherd's purse, mustard, purple flowering cabbage, red flowering cabbage, water dropwort, watercress, horseradish, pickled radish.

[0017] Preferably, the germinated seedlings of plants include germinated pea seeds, and the root length of the germinated pea seeds is 3-4 cm.

[0018] The present application shows through relevant experiments that applying boron-containing nutrient solution to peas can effectively regulate the sugar metabolism in peas, reduce the soluble sugar content in peas, thus effectively reducing the feeding rate and reproduction rate of aphids in peas, thereby reducing the number of aphids, effectively preventing and controlling aphids in peas, providing a good external environment for the healthy growth of peas, and providing a cultivation direction for cultivating a large number of high-quality peas, which is conducive to the healthy and ecological development of agriculture.

[0019] Preferably, during the growth of the germinated plant seeds, the nutrients are applied according to the following steps: (1) the first boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 1-5 days, and the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 25% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) the second boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 6-15 days, and the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 50% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution.

[0020] Preferably, during the growth of the germinated plant seeds, the nutrients are applied according to the following steps: (1) the first boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 1-5 days, and the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 20-30% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) the second boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 6-15 days, and the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 40-60% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (3) the third boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 16-25 days, and the concentration of all components in the third boron-containing nutrient solution is 90-100% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution.

[0021] Preferably, during the growth of the germinated plant seeds, the nutrients are applied according to the following steps: (1) the first boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 1-5 days, and the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 25% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) the second boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 6-15 days, and the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 50% of that in the boron-containing nutrient solution; (3) the third boron-containing nutrient solution is used for 16-25 days, and the concentration of all components in the third boron-containing nutrient solution is consistent with that in the boron-containing nutrient solution.

[0022] Preferably, the concentration of boron in the boron-containing nutrient solution is 70 μM. Controlling the concentration of boron at 70 μM is more conducive to regulating sugar metabolism in plants, reducing the soluble sugar content in plants, and preventing and controlling aphids, thereby promoting the good growth of plants.

[0023] Preferably, the boron-containing nutrient solution is replaced or re-applied every 3-7 days. The boron-containing nutrient solution includes the first boron-containing nutrient solution, the second boron-containing nutrient solution, or the third boron-containing nutrient solution.

[0024] Preferably, the boron-containing nutrient solution is replaced or re-applied every 3-7 days, and the continuous treatment is 2-5 times.

[0025] Preferably, the boron-containing nutrient solution is replaced or re-applied every 5 days, and the continuous treatment is 3 times.

[0026] Preferably, the pH of the boron-containing culture solution is 5-6.5.

[0027] Preferably, during the light treatment, the light source comprises at least one of natural light and white light, and the intensity of the light source is 1000-3000 Lux.

[0028] Preferably, the light source comprises LED white light.

[0029] Preferably, during the growth of the germinated plant seeds, the temperature is controlled at 20-27℃, and the humidity is controlled at 60%-70%.

[0030] Preferably, during the growth of the germinated plant seeds, the culture method comprises at least one of hydroponics, water culture, and soil culture.

[0031] Preferably, during the growth of the germinated plant seeds, the method of applying the boron-containing nutrient solution comprises at least one of soil irrigation, foliar spraying, and root soaking. Preferably, during the growth of the germinated plant seeds, soil culture is adopted, and the method of applying the boron-containing nutrient solution comprises at least one of soil irrigation and foliar spraying. Preferably, during the growth of the germinated plant seeds, hydroponics or water culture is adopted, and the method of applying the boron-containing nutrient solution comprises at least one of foliar spraying and root soaking.

[0032] Preferably, the culture method for obtaining the germinated plant seeds comprises at least one of hydroponics, water culture, and soil culture.

[0033] Preferably, the plant seedlings are obtained by hydroponics or soil culture using the germinated plant seeds.

[0034] In summary, the method for preventing and controlling plant aphids provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] (1) Targeted prevention and control: directly weaken the feeding motivation of aphids by reducing the soluble sugar content of plants, and reduce the dependence on chemical pesticides. (2) Ecologically friendly: photoperiod regulation and boron element are physical or normal nutrient element application means, without residual pollution. (3) Synergistic effect: boron element can regulate sugar metabolism of plants, reduce soluble sugar content of plants, and further combined with specific photoperiod, can synergistically enhance the regulation effect of boron on sugar metabolism, and optimize the effect of preventing and controlling plant aphids. (4) Universality: the method provided by the present application can be applied to more aphid susceptible crops, such as legumes and cruciferous vegetables. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 and Figure 2Quantitative and qualitative results of soluble sugar content in leaves after 15 days of pea cultivation, 2 boron levels (35 μM H3BO3 (low boron), 70 μM H3BO3 (high boron)) treatment, 2 photoperiods (8 h light / 16 h dark cycle, 12 h light / 12 h dark cycle) treatment. Among them, in Figure 2

[0037] Figure 3 Quantitative results of aphid statistics in pea leaves after 25 days of pea cultivation, 2 boron levels (35 μM H3BO3 (low boron), 70 μM H3BO3 (high boron)) treatment, 2 photoperiods (8 h light / 16 h dark cycle, 12 h light / 12 h dark cycle) treatment. Figure 4 Photograph results of aphid statistics in pea leaves after 25 days of pea cultivation, 2 boron levels (35 μM H3BO3 (low boron), 70 μM H3BO3 (high boron)) treatment, 2 photoperiods (8 h light / 16 h dark cycle, 12 h light / 12 h dark cycle) treatment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to enable persons skilled in the art to better understand the technical scheme of the present application, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] In this embodiment, pea germinated seeds with root length of 3-4 cm are selected, and the cultivation method is water culture, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] The pea germinated seeds with root length of 3-4 cm are selected and placed in nutrient solution (pH 5.5) for cultivation at 24℃, 65% relative humidity, and light intensity of 3000 Lux (LED white light) for 25 days.

[0042] During the growth of the pea germinated seeds, the boron-containing nutrient solution includes the following components: Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 4mM, KH2PO4 1mM, KCl 1mM, MgSO4·7H2O 2mM, K2SO40.5mM, FeSO4·7H2O 50 μM, EDTA·Na2 50 μM, MnCl2 10 μM, ZnSO4·7H2O 5 μM, CuSO4·5H2O 0.5 μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 24 ​• 4H2O 1 μM, H3BO3 35-70 μM, CoCl20.5 μM; the nutrient elements were applied as follows:

[0043] (1) 1-5d using the first boron-containing nutrient solution, the concentration of all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution is 25% of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) 6-15d using the second boron-containing nutrient solution, the concentration of all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution is 50% of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (3) 16-25d using the third boron-containing nutrient solution, the concentration of all components in the third boron-containing nutrient solution is consistent with the boron-containing nutrient solution; wherein the concentration of boric acid varies according to the different treatment groups set as follows.

[0044] and this embodiment sets 2 boron levels 35 μM H3BO3 (low boron), 70 μM H3BO3 (high boron) treatment, 2 photoperiod (8h light / 16h dark cycle, 12h light / 12h dark cycle) treatment. The boron source is boric acid (H3BO3), white crystalline powder, weakly acidic. Boron is added in the above nutrient solution, and the pH of the culture solution is 5.5.

[0045] After 15 days of pea culture, aphids were found, and the leaf blades were taken to determine the soluble sugar content, and the results are shown in Figure 1 、 2 The specific steps of taking the leaf blades to determine the soluble sugar content are as follows:

[0046] Sample collection: after 15 days of pea culture in the nutrient solution of 35 μM and 70 μM H3BO3, the leaf blades of peas (Zhonggan No. 6) were collected;

[0047] Sample extraction: about 0.1-0.2g of fresh sample was weighed, 1ml of distilled water was added, and it was ground into a homogenate at room temperature and transferred to a 2ml centrifuge tube; it was placed in a boiling water bath for 10min and then cooled; centrifuged at 8000g for 10min at 25℃, the supernatant was taken into a 10ml test tube, and distilled water was used to make up to 10ml, and shaken well for determination;

[0048] Sample detection: the soluble sugar content in the sample was determined by anthrone colorimetry; 40 μl of the above sample was taken, 40 μl of distilled water, 20 μl of anthrone reagent, and 200 μl of concentrated sulfuric acid were added in turn, mixed thoroughly, and then placed in a 95℃ water bath for 10min, cooled to room temperature, and then 200 μl was taken into a 96-well enzyme-labeled plate, and the absorbance (OD value) was determined at 620nm wavelength using an enzyme-labeled instrument (EnSight full-wavelength enzyme-labeled instrument, PerkinElmer Company, China); the concentration of plant soluble sugar in the sample was calculated according to the standard curve.

[0049] After 25 days of culture, the photos were taken and the insect situation was counted, and the results are shown in Figure 3 、 4 ​

[0050] By Figure 1 And Figure 2 As can be seen, after 15 days of culture, the soluble sugar content of pea seedlings treated with 35 μM boron (B 35 μM) was significantly higher than that of pea seedlings treated with 70 μM boron (B 70 μM) under the two photoperiod conditions. Under the condition of B 35 μM, the soluble sugar content of pea seedlings cultured under the 12 h light / 12 h dark photoperiod was significantly higher than that of pea seedlings cultured under the 8 h light / 16 h dark photoperiod; under the condition of B 70 μM, there was no significant difference in the sugar content of pea seedlings cultured under the two photoperiods. The results show that a higher concentration of boron treatment significantly reduces the soluble sugar content of pea seedlings, especially under the 12 h light / 12 h dark photoperiod, the soluble sugar content decreases by 23 times.

[0051] By Figure 3 And Figure 4 As can be seen, after 25 days of culture, it was found that the number of aphids on pea leaves was very small under the 8 h light / 16 h dark photoperiod, the number of aphids on pea seedlings cultured under the 12 h light / 12 h dark photoperiod was significantly higher than that of pea seedlings cultured under the 8 h light / 16 h dark photoperiod, and the number of aphids on pea seedlings treated with B 35 μM was significantly higher than that of pea seedlings treated with B 70 μM. This shows that pea seedlings cultured under the 12 h light / 12 h dark photoperiod are prone to aphid infestation, and high boron can reduce aphid infestation.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the light intensity in the photoperiod is 800 Lux, and the B 70 μM treatment; the rest is consistent with Example 1.

[0054] Similarly, after 15 days of culture of peas, the soluble sugar content of the leaves was measured (the specific steps for measuring the soluble sugar content of the leaves are consistent with those of Example 1), and it was found that too low light intensity can significantly reduce the soluble sugar content of pea leaves. The main reason is that weak light can reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis and reduce sugar synthesis, and at the same time, plants will preferentially transport limited sugar to key parts such as roots, resulting in reduced sugar accumulation in leaves. Long-term weak light can also cause leaf yellowing, further reducing sugar content. This phenomenon reflects the important influence of light intensity on plant carbon metabolism and growth and development. In experiments or production, appropriate light conditions need to be ensured to maintain the normal growth and metabolism of plants.

[0055] After 25 days of culture, photos were taken and insect conditions were counted, and it was found that compared with Example 1, too low light intensity can significantly increase the number of aphids on pea plants. The main reason is that weak light can reduce the synthesis of plant insect-resistant substances, at the same time, it can increase the decomposition of proteins to increase the amino acids that aphids like; the leaves become thin and soft and are more easily pierced and sucked; it can also release more odors that attract aphids and form a suitable environment of moisture and coolness, and these changes together make it easier for aphids to survive and reproduce.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the light intensity in the light cycle is 4000 Lux, and the B 70 μM treatment; the rest is consistent with Example 1.

[0058] Similarly, after 15 days of pea culture, the soluble sugar content of the leaves was measured (the specific steps for measuring the soluble sugar content of the leaves are consistent with Example 1), and it was found that too high light intensity can lead to an increase in the soluble sugar content of pea leaves, mainly due to the increase in photosynthesis to promote sugar synthesis, while the sugar transport rate temporarily cannot keep up with the synthesis speed; in addition, plants will cope with strong light stress by increasing soluble sugar accumulation.

[0059] After 25 days of culture, photographs were taken and insect conditions were counted, and it was found that compared with Example 1, too high light intensity can lead to a significant decrease in the number of aphids on pea plants, the main reason being that under high light conditions, plant defense-related metabolites increase, volatile composition changes, and physical structure changes, reducing the attractiveness of the plant to aphids. However, if the light intensity is too high, it may inhibit aphids in the short term by inducing defense mechanisms, but long-term stress will cause damage to the photosynthetic system, metabolic imbalance, structural weakening, and degradation of ecosystem function, weakening the plant's chemical defense ability and changing its volatile signals, which is not conducive to the growth and development of pea plants.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no boron is applied in the nutrient solution, and the light cycle is 8 hours of light / 16 hours of darkness; the rest is consistent with Example 1.

[0062] Similarly, after 15 days of pea culture, the soluble sugar content of the leaves was measured (the specific steps for measuring the soluble sugar content of the leaves are consistent with Example 1), and it was found that under the condition of no boron element and a light cycle of 8 hours of light / 16 hours of darkness, the soluble sugar content in the leaves of pea plants significantly decreased, the main reason being that boron deficiency leads to blocked photosynthetic product transport and metabolic disorder, and short light limits photosynthetic efficiency.

[0063] After 25 days of culture, photographs were taken and insect conditions were counted, and it was found that under the condition of no boron element and a light cycle of 8 hours of light / 16 hours of darkness, the number of aphids on pea plants significantly increased, the main reason being that boron deficiency also reduces the synthesis of plant insect-resistant substances, while promoting protein decomposition to increase amino acids that aphids like; the leaves become thinner and softer, making them more susceptible to piercing and sucking; it also releases more odors that attract aphids and forms a humid and cool environment suitable for aphids, all of which together make it easier for aphids to survive and reproduce.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] The comparative example differs from example 1 in that, in the photoperiod, a 24-hour all-dark cycle is set, and high-boron treatment (B70μM) is performed; the rest is consistent with example 1.

[0066] Similarly, after 15 days of pea cultivation, the soluble sugar content of the leaves was measured (the specific steps for measuring the soluble sugar content of the leaves are consistent with example 1), and it was found that under complete dark conditions, the soluble sugar content in the pea leaves would be significantly reduced, mainly because photosynthesis was completely stopped, the plant could not synthesize new carbohydrates, and it had to rely on seed storage materials to maintain life activities.

[0067] After 25 days of cultivation, photographs were taken and insect conditions were counted, and it was found that under complete dark conditions, the number of aphids on the pea plants could be significantly reduced or even eliminated, mainly because the plant soluble sugar and amino acid content was extremely low, and the plant growth stagnation and volatile composition change made the plant lose its attractiveness to aphids. At the same time, the growth of pea plants was stagnant, making the pea plants weak, the leaves yellow and thin, and unable to grow normally, so they could not be further consumed and utilized.

[0068] Comparative example 3

[0069] The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the photoperiod is 8 hours of light / 16 hours of darkness, and the boron concentration in the nutrient solution is higher, at 80μM; the rest is consistent with example 1.

[0070] Similarly, after 15 days of pea cultivation, the soluble sugar content of the leaves was measured (the specific steps for measuring the soluble sugar content of the leaves are consistent with example 1), and it was found that when the boron concentration is too high, especially under the photoperiod of 8 hours of light / 16 hours of darkness, the soluble sugar content of the leaves taken after 15 days of pea cultivation is reduced. This is because, due to the inhibition of sugar metabolism enzyme activity by excessive boron, the disturbance of carbon distribution balance, and the induction of cell membrane damage, sugar synthesis is reduced and excretion is increased.

[0071] After 25 days of cultivation, photographs were taken and insect conditions were counted, and it was found that under the conditions of 8 hours of light / 16 hours of darkness, the two different concentrations of B treatment (35μM and 70μM) had no significant effect on the number of single-leaf aphids, and the number of aphids was relatively low. This is because, short day itself has strongly activated the plant's anti-insect defense system (such as inducing the synthesis of defense substances and changing volatile substances), so the synergistic effect of boron treatment is limited; at the same time, under short day, 35μM boron concentration already meets the basic anti-insect requirement, and the marginal benefit of higher concentration (70μM) is not obvious. In addition, short day also directly inhibits the activity of aphids, which together causes the number of aphids under the two boron treatments to remain at a low level.

[0072] Comparative example 4

[0073] The comparative example differs from example 1 in that no boron is applied during the first 1-5 days of pea seedling growth, and boron (B 70 mM) is applied during the subsequent 6-15 days; the rest is consistent with example 1.

[0074] Similarly, after 15 days of pea culture, the soluble sugar content of the leaves was measured (the specific steps for measuring the soluble sugar content of the leaves are consistent with example 1), and it was found that if the application time of boron is later, the critical period of plant growth may be missed, thereby affecting the accumulation of soluble sugar and the overall growth of the plant, thus causing the soluble sugar content to increase in the comparative example. Because boron deficiency can inhibit the activity of key sugar transport enzymes, it also hinders the growth of new tissues, causing photosynthetic products to accumulate in the leaves and not be effectively transported and utilized.

[0075] After 25 days of culture, photographs were taken and the insect situation was counted, and it was found that if the application time of boron is later, the critical period for aphid control may be missed, resulting in poor aphid control effect, and more aphids appear on the plants. This is because the critical control window during the seedling stage is missed, and boron is involved in cell wall strengthening and defense substance synthesis at this time; it is difficult to activate the jasmonic acid defense pathway in time by supplementing boron at a later stage, resulting in insufficient accumulation of insect-resistant substances (phenols, lignin); the early colonizing aphids have formed a population advantage, and the key is that the defense effect of boron has timeliness, and delayed application will significantly reduce the control efficiency.

[0076] Comparative example 5

[0077] The comparative example differs from example 1 in that no cobalt chloride (CoCl2) is added to the nutrient solution during the growth of the pea seedlings; the rest is consistent with example 1.

[0078] Similarly, after 15 days of pea culture, the soluble sugar content of the leaves was measured (the specific steps for measuring the soluble sugar content of the leaves are consistent with example 1), and it was found that if CoCl2 is not added, the soluble sugar content in the plant body increases. Mainly because cobalt deficiency can hinder sugar metabolism and transport, and also reduce the consumption of sugar by new tissues, resulting in accumulation of sugar in the leaves. However, long-term cobalt deficiency can reduce the photosynthetic capacity and decrease the sugar content.

[0079] After 25 days of culture, photographs were taken and the insect situation was counted, and it was found that if CoCl2 is not added to the nutrient solution, it will have an adverse effect on the control effect of aphids, and more aphids appear on the plants. This is because cobalt deficiency can weaken the synthesis of insect-resistant metabolites in plants, increase the content of free amino acids that aphids prefer to eat, and weaken the cell wall structure, all of which reduce the defense ability of plants and increase their attractiveness to aphids.

[0080] Comparative example 6

[0081] The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the nutrient solution added during the growth of the pea seedlings does not contain cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4); the rest is consistent with example 1.

[0082] Similarly, after the pea is cultured for 15 days, the soluble sugar content of the leaves is measured (the specific steps for measuring the soluble sugar content of the leaves are consistent with example 1), and it is found that the soluble sugar content in the plant body increases without the addition of CoCl2 and MgSO4. When CoCl2 and MgSO4 are not added, the soluble sugar content of the pea leaves will increase in the short term (15 days), mainly because the lack of Mg 2+ hinders sugar transport, Co deficiency 2+ affects sugar metabolism, leading to accumulation of photosynthetic products in the leaves; at the same time, the lack of nutrients inhibits the growth of new tissues, reducing sugar consumption.

[0083] After 25 days of culture, photographs are taken and insect conditions are counted, and it is found that if CoCl2 and MgSO4 are not added to the nutrient solution, it will have an adverse effect on the control effect of aphids, and the number of aphids on the plants is larger, and the number of aphids on the plants of the comparative example is more than that of the comparative example. This is because the lack of magnesium weakens the photosynthesis of plants and the synthesis of anti-insect secondary metabolites, and also leads to the accumulation of free amino acids to attract aphids; cobalt deficiency affects the activity of defense enzymes and the synthesis of lignin, both of which destroy the chemical defense and physical barrier functions of plants, forming a more nutrient environment for aphids to feed. This shows that there is a certain synergistic effect between various nutritional ingredients, and only when they coexist can they promote the growth of pea plants and further improve the effect of controlling aphids.

[0084] In summary, the B treatment concentration has a significant effect on aphid reproduction, and this effect is regulated by the light time. A relatively low concentration of B treatment (35 μM) significantly promotes the reproduction of aphids under a longer light time (12 hours of light / 12 hours of darkness), while a higher concentration of B treatment (70 μM) also has a certain promoting effect, but the effect is not as significant as that of the low concentration. This shows that there is an optimal concentration range for the effect of B treatment on aphid reproduction. Within the most suitable B concentration range, not only can the control of aphid reproduction be maximized, but also the synergistic effect of other nutrients can promote the growth and development of plants, thereby further improving the effect of controlling aphids.

[0085] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and not to limit the protection scope of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents, but these modifications or replacements are within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling aphids on a plant, comprising, The specific steps are as follows: selecting plant germinated seeds with roots grown to 2-6 cm in length, and applying a photoperiod treatment of 8 h of light and 16 h of darkness cycle mode during the growth of the plant germinated seeds; The plant germinated seeds include seeds from legumes and cruciferous vegetables. At the same time, during the growth of the germinated seeds, a boron-containing nutrient solution was applied, which comprised the following components: Ca(NO3)2-4H2O 4 mM, KH2PO4 1 mM, KCl 1 mM, MgSO4-7H2O 2 mM, K2SO4 0.5 mM, FeSO4-7H2O 50 μM, EDTA-Na2 50 μM, MnCl2 10 μM, ZnSO4-7H2O 5 μM, CuSO4-5H2O 0.5 μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 24 4H2O 1 μM, H3BO3 35-70 μM, CoCl2 0.5 μM; the nutrient elements were applied according to the following procedure: (1) 1-5 days of the first boron-containing nutrient solution, all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution having a concentration of 20-30% of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) 6-15 days of the second boron-containing nutrient solution, all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution having a concentration of 40-60% of the boron-containing nutrient solution.

2. The method for controlling plant aphids as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The plant germinated seeds include pea germinated seeds, and the root length of the pea germinated seeds is 3-4 cm.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of soybean, cotton, alfalfa, and corn. 5 During the growth of the plant germinated seeds, the nutrients are applied according to the following steps: (1) 1-5 days of the first boron-containing nutrient solution, all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution having a concentration of 25% of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) 6-15 days of the second boron-containing nutrient solution, all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution having a concentration of 50% of the boron-containing nutrient solution.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of soybean, cotton, alfalfa, and corn. 5 During the growth of the plant germinated seeds, the nutrients are applied according to the following steps: (1) 1-5 days of the first boron-containing nutrient solution, all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution having a concentration of 20-30% of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) 6-15 days of the second boron-containing nutrient solution, all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution having a concentration of 40-60% of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (3) 16-25 days of the third boron-containing nutrient solution, all components in the third boron-containing nutrient solution having a concentration of 90-100% of the boron-containing nutrient solution.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of soybean, cotton, alfalfa, and corn. 5 During the growth of the plant germinated seeds, the nutrients are applied according to the following steps: (1) 1-5 days of the first boron-containing nutrient solution, all components in the first boron-containing nutrient solution having a concentration of 25% of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (2) 6-15 days of the second boron-containing nutrient solution, all components in the second boron-containing nutrient solution having a concentration of 50% of the boron-containing nutrient solution; (3) 16-25 days of the third boron-containing nutrient solution, all components in the third boron-containing nutrient solution having a concentration consistent with the boron-containing nutrient solution.

6. The method for controlling plant aphids as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the boron-containing nutrient solution, the concentration of boric acid is 70 μM.

7. The method for controlling plant aphids as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pH of the boron-containing nutrient solution is 5-6.

5.

8. The method for controlling plant aphids as described in claim 1, characterized in that: During the light treatment, the light source includes at least one of natural light and white light, and the intensity of the light source is 1000-3000 Lux.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of soybean, alfalfa, and cotton. 5 During the growth of the plant germinated seeds, the temperature is controlled at 20-27°C, and the humidity is controlled at 60%-70%.

10. The method for preventing and controlling plant aphids according to claim 1, wherein During the growth of the plant germinated seeds, the culture mode includes at least one of mist culture, water culture, and soil culture.

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