Breeding and cultivation method of potherb mustard suitable for mechanical harvesting

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method of a potherb mustard variety suitable for mechanical harvesting, which comprises the following steps: taking a cytoplasmic male sterile line 08-5-6A of a potherb mustard local variety straw mustard as a female parent and taking a Shaoxing potherb mustard local variety brassica juncea selfing line 18-3-21-29-3-1-3 as a male parent for hybrid seed production to breed a new potherb mustard variety Yongxue No.15 with an upright and compact plant type. The Yongxue No.15 bred by the breeding method is upright and compact in plant type, bolting-resistant, 2-3cm in overground and hypocotyl length and suitable for mechanical harvesting, the plant height is more than 50cm, the weight of a single plant is more than 1kg, the yield per mu is more than 6000kg, and wide planting of the bred Yongxue No.15 has important significance for promoting industrial science and technology progress and high-quality development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable breeding, and in particular to a breeding and cultivation method of Chinese mustard greens suitable for mechanized harvesting. Background Art

[0002] Potherb mustard, also known as snow mustard, nine-headed mustard, and paicai, is a tillering mustard variety of the leafy mustard plant and is widely cultivated throughout my country. Pickled, it's a delicious and versatile ingredient, making it a popular choice.

[0003] The mustard industry plays a vital role in my country's efforts to utilize fallow winter farmland, improve land utilization, promote rural revitalization, and ultimately drive farmers toward common prosperity. However, with the aging of my country's farming population and rising labor costs, traditional mustard cultivation methods are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of production development. Harvesting, in particular, requires the most labor. Mechanized mustard harvesting not only improves production efficiency but also reduces labor costs, significantly contributing to the high-quality development of the industry.

[0004] Mechanized harvesting of mustard greens requires the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, matching varieties with machinery. Ningbo, known as the hometown of Chinese snow mustard, primarily cultivates varieties like Ningbo Fine-Leafed Yellow-Seed Snow Mustard and Yongxue No. 5, which grow close to the ground and are unsuitable for mechanized harvesting. Mustard greens currently fall into four categories, encompassing leaf, stem, root, and stalk cultivation, with 16 cultivars. The Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences has developed a method for breeding new mustard greens suitable for mechanized harvesting, resulting in the development of 'Yongzha No. 6,' China's first tumorous mustard variety suitable for mechanized harvesting. The Chongqing Yudongnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences has also developed 'Yuji No. 6,' a new tumorous mustard variety suitable for mechanized harvesting. However, there are no reports in China of varieties and cultivation of mustard greens that differ significantly from tumorous mustard, with more leaves and tillers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding and cultivating a Chinese mustard greens variety suitable for mechanized harvesting, so as to solve the problem that the existing Chinese mustard greens plant type grows close to the ground and is not suitable for mechanized harvesting, and further provide a method for breeding and cultivating a Chinese mustard greens variety suitable for mechanized harvesting.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for breeding a Chinese potherb mustard variety suitable for mechanized harvesting is disclosed. The method comprises hybridizing 08-5-6A, a cytoplasmic male sterile line of a local Chinese potherb mustard variety, as the female parent, and 18-3-21-29-3-1-3, an inbred line of a local Chinese potherb mustard variety from Shaoxing, as the male parent, to produce a new Chinese potherb mustard variety, Yongxue No. 15, with an upright and compact plant shape.

[0007] Furthermore, the breeding process of the cytoplasmic male sterile line 08-5-6A of the local variety of Potherb mustard is as follows: the local variety of Potherb mustard is self-pollinated for 6 generations to purify the inbred line 08-5-6, the cytoplasmic male sterile source is used as the female parent to hybridize with the inbred line 08-5-6 to obtain the F1 generation, and then 08-5-6 is used as the recurrent parent for 6 consecutive generations of backcrossing to obtain the stable cytoplasmic male sterile line 08-5-6A.

[0008] Furthermore, the 08-5-6 exhibits resistance to bolting, strong tillering ability, complete leaf lobes, and strong overall disease resistance.

[0009] Furthermore, the breeding process of the Shaoxing potherb mustard local variety, the inbred line 18-3-21-29-3-1-3, is as follows: the Shaoxing potherb mustard local variety, the inbred line 18-3-21-29-3-1-3, is obtained by self-pollinating the Shaoxing potherb mustard local variety for 6 generations.

[0010] Furthermore, the 18-3-21-29-3-1-3 exhibits moderate bolting resistance, weak tillering, fully fissured leaves, an upright plant shape, a rhizome greater than 2 cm above the ground, and strong overall disease resistance.

[0011] According to the above-mentioned breeding method for mechanized harvesting of Chinese mustard, after hybrid breeding, the cultivation and harvesting of the new Chinese mustard variety are also included. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Delayed sowing: Sowing in late August to early September, 5-10 days later than conventional production, to avoid the high temperature season and reduce the occurrence of viral diseases; (2) Use a 200-hole vegetable seedling tray for sowing and seedling cultivation. Sow the seeds in the holes to a depth of about 2 cm. Cover the holes with the substrate after sowing and water thoroughly to ensure emergence of the seedlings. (3) Regulation during the seedling stage to promote hypocotyl elongation. Seedlings will emerge 2-3 days after sowing. During the first 3 days after emergence, water the seedling medium every evening to ensure that it is moist. Cover the seedlings with a shade net during the day to promote the growth and development of the hypocotyl. The hypocotyl of the Chinese potherb mustard will be 5-8 cm long. After the hypocotyl reaches the expected length of 5-8 cm, normal management is adopted. (4) Land preparation and fertilization: select plots where the previous crop was non-cruciferous crops, deep plow, and then apply fertilizer to ensure the bed surface is flat; (5) Planting: Transplant the Chinese mustard greens when they have 5-6 true leaves. The spacing between the transplanted plants is 20-25 cm × 25-30 cm, and 6,000-8,000 plants are planted per mu. (6) Fertilizer and water management: every 667m 10 days after transplanting 2 Apply 1.5kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 2kg of superphosphate mixed with 100kg of water for irrigation every 667m2 20 days after transplanting. 2 Apply 7.5kg urea mixed with 750kg water for irrigation, 40 days after transplanting, every 667m 2Topdress with 15kg of urea and 20kg of compound fertilizer, and do not apply any fertilizer 30 days before harvest; (7) Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests such as snails, leafworms, yellow flea beetles, cabbage loopers, aphids, and diseases such as downy mildew, soft rot, and white rust.

[0012] (8) Harvest at the right time. When the plant height is more than 50 cm and the weight of a single plant is more than 1 kg, use a Chinese mustard greens harvester to harvest along the hypocotyl of the Chinese mustard greens.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (4), 150-200 kg of refined organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate, and 50 kg of a 15-15-15 compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied per mu.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (4), the land is prepared so that the width of the ridge is 1.2 to 1.5 meters to facilitate drainage, and the width of the ditch is 30 to 40 centimeters and the depth is 35 to 45 centimeters to facilitate drainage and harvester operation.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (5), before transplanting, a mixed herbicide of 900 mL / hm² of Jindul and 1200 mL / hm² of Butachlor was used to cover the weeds. When planting, 1.5 to 2 cm of the hypocotyl was left above the soil surface.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention provides a breeding method for Chinese potherb mustard suitable for mechanized harvesting, and a new Chinese potherb mustard variety suitable for mechanized harvesting, Yongxue No. 15, is bred. The plant has an upright and compact shape, is resistant to bolting, and has an above-ground hypocotyl length of 2-3 cm, which is suitable for mechanized harvesting. The plant height is above 50 cm, the weight of a single plant is greater than 1 kg, and the yield per mu is more than 6,000 kg. It only takes 10 minutes per mu to harvest with a harvester, which is 192 times more efficient than manual harvesting. This is of great significance for promoting industrial scientific and technological progress and high-quality development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a pedigree diagram of the breeding method of Yongxue No. 15 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a comparison of the plant types of Yongxue No. 15 and Ningbo fine-leaf yellow potherb mustard in the field; Figure 3 This is a single plant picture of Yongxue No. 15 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those of ordinary skill in the art generally understood in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

[0020] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the present invention. The present description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

[0021] The reagents and equipment used in the present invention are all known products or obtained by purchasing commercially available products.

[0022] The present invention is specifically described by the following examples.

[0023] Example 1: Breeding of a new mechanized Brassica juncea variety, Yongxue 15 (1) Breeding process of maternal cytoplasmic male sterile lines Since 2008, inbred lines have been selected from the local variety of mustard (Pinus juncea) through bagging and self-pollination during flowering. The goal of selecting these inbred lines is to develop resistance to bolting, strong tillering, complete leaf lobes, and strong overall disease resistance. In 2013, the inbred line 08-5-6 was developed through six generations of self-pollination. In the spring of 2013, the F1 line was obtained by crossing the cytoplasmic male sterile line 07-50A of Brassica juncea with an inbred line of mustard. Starting in 2014, using 08-5-6 as the recurrent parent, six generations of backcrossing were performed in 2019, resulting in the development of the new cytoplasmic male sterile line 08-5-6A. Aside from male sterility, 08-5-6A exhibits the same traits as 08-5-6. The surviving sample of the cytoplasmic male sterile line 08-5-6A was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (Wuhan University, Wuhan, China) on June 23, 2022. The culture name is: Brassica juncea tillering mustard variety Brassica juncea seeds 08-5-6A, and the deposit number is CCTCC NO: P202218.

[0024] (2) Since 2018, six generations of bagging and self-pollination have been carried out on the local Shaoxing mustard variety, 18-3-21-29-3-1-3, which has moderate bolting resistance, weak tillering, complete leaf lobes, an upright plant shape, a rhizome greater than 2 cm above the ground, and strong comprehensive disease resistance. "Peeling mustard" refers to leaf mustard with leaves that can be peeled off, and is the common name used by local villagers in Shaoxing.

[0025] (3) In 2024, a new Chinese mustard variety Yongxue No. 15 with an upright and compact plant shape suitable for mechanized harvesting was obtained by hybridizing the cytoplasmic male sterile line 08-5-6A with the Shaoxing Chinese mustard local variety 18-3-21-29-3-1-3. Figure 1 shown.

[0026] Cultivation techniques of the new potherb mustard variety Yongxue 15 (1) Sow seeds between August 20 and September 10 to avoid the high temperature season and reduce the occurrence of viral diseases.

[0027] (2) Use a 200-hole vegetable seedling tray for sowing and seedling cultivation. Sow the seeds in the holes to a depth of about 2 cm. Cover the holes with the substrate after sowing and water thoroughly to ensure germination.

[0028] (3) Seedlings will emerge 2-3 days after sowing. For the first 3 days after emergence, water the seedling medium every evening to ensure that it is moist. Cover the seedling medium with a shade net during the day to promote the growth and development between the cotyledons and roots (hypocotyl). When the hypocotyl of Chinese mustard is 5-8 cm long and reaches the expected length of 5-8 cm, normal management can be adopted.

[0029] (4) Select plots where the previous crop was non-cruciferous crops. Deep plowing and fertilization should be done to ensure the surface of the bed is level. 2 Apply 150-200 kg of refined organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 NPK, the same below). The bed should be 1.2-1.5 meters wide for easy drainage. The furrow should be 30-40 cm wide and 35-45 cm deep to facilitate drainage and harvester operation.

[0030] (5) Transplant the Chinese mustard seedlings when they have 5-6 true leaves. Plant 6,000-8,000 plants per mu (approximately 20-25 cm x 25-30 cm). Before transplanting, cover the weeds with a mixture of Jindul (900 mL / hm²) and Butachlor (1200 mL / hm²). When planting, leave 1.5-2 cm of the hypocotyl above the soil surface.

[0031] (6) Fertilizer and water management. 10 days after transplanting, every 667m 2 Apply 1.5kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 2kg of superphosphate mixed with 100kg of water. 2 Apply 7.5kg urea mixed with 750kg water. 40 days after transplanting, every 667m 2 Apply 15kg of urea and 20kg of compound fertilizer. Do not apply any fertilizer 30 days before harvest.

[0032] (7) Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests such as snails, leafworms, yellow flea beetles, cabbage loopers, aphids, and diseases such as downy mildew, soft rot, and white rust.

[0033] (8) Harvest at the right time. Figure 2 As shown in the right picture, the plant is upright and compact, with the hypocotyl 2 to 3 cm above the soil surface. Figure 2 The left picture shows the existing variety Ningbo fine-leaf yellow potherb mustard, which is a ground-growing plant with the hypocotyl 0-0.5 cm above the soil surface, which is not conducive to mechanized harvesting and has high labor costs. Figure 3 When the plant height is more than 50 cm and the weight of a single plant is more than 1 kg, use a Chinese mustard greens harvester to harvest along the hypocotyl.

Claims

1. A method for breeding a Chinese mustard greens variety suitable for mechanized harvesting, characterized in that: The new potherb mustard variety Yongxue 15 with an upright and compact plant shape was developed by hybridizing 08-5-6A, a cytoplasmic male sterile line of the local potherb mustard variety, as the female parent, and 18-3-21-29-3-1-3, an inbred line of the local potherb mustard variety from Shaoxing, as the male parent.

2. The method for breeding a Chinese mustard seed variety suitable for mechanized harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breeding process of the cytoplasmic male sterile line 08-5-6A of the local variety of Potherb mustard was as follows: the local variety of Potherb mustard was self-pollinated for 6 generations to obtain the inbred line 08-5-6, which was then hybridized with the inbred line 08-5-6 using a cytoplasmic male sterile source as the female parent to obtain the F1 generation, and then backcrossed with 08-5-6 as the recurrent parent for 6 consecutive generations to obtain the stable cytoplasmic male sterile line 08-5-6A.

3. The method for breeding a Chinese mustard seed variety suitable for mechanized harvesting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The 08-5-6 is resistant to bolting, has strong tillering ability, has cleaved and fully divided leaves, and has strong overall disease resistance.

4. The method for breeding a Chinese mustard seed variety suitable for mechanized harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breeding process of the Shaoxing potherb mustard local variety, the inbred line 18-3-21-29-3-1-3, is as follows: the Shaoxing potherb mustard local variety, the inbred line 18-3-21-29-3-1-3, was obtained by self-pollinating the 18-3-21-29-3-1-3 for 6 generations.

5. The method for breeding a Chinese mustard seed variety suitable for mechanized harvesting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The 18-3-21-29-3-1-3 exhibits moderate bolting resistance, weak tillering, fully fissured leaves, an upright plant shape, a rhizome greater than 2 cm above the ground, and strong overall disease resistance.

6. The method for breeding a Chinese potherb mustard variety suitable for mechanized harvesting according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising cultivating and harvesting the new Chinese potherb mustard variety after hybrid breeding, the specific steps being as follows: (1) Delayed sowing: Sowing in late August to early September, 5-10 days later than conventional production, to avoid the high temperature season and reduce the occurrence of viral diseases; (2) Use a 200-hole vegetable seedling tray for sowing and seedling cultivation. Sow the seeds in the holes to a depth of about 2 cm. Cover the holes with the substrate after sowing and water thoroughly to ensure emergence of the seedlings. (3) Regulation during the seedling stage to promote hypocotyl elongation. Seedlings will emerge 2-3 days after sowing. During the first 3 days after emergence, water the seedling medium every evening to ensure that it is moist. Cover the seedlings with a shade net during the day to promote the growth and development of the hypocotyl. The hypocotyl of the Chinese potherb mustard will be 5-8 cm long. After the hypocotyl reaches the expected length of 5-8 cm, normal management is adopted. (4) Land preparation and fertilization: select plots where the previous crop was non-cruciferous crops, deep plow and then fertilize to ensure a smooth bed surface; (5) Planting: Transplant the Chinese mustard greens when they have 5-6 true leaves. The spacing between the transplanted plants is 20-25 cm × 25-30 cm, and 6,000-8,000 plants are planted per mu. (6) Fertilizer and water management: every 667m 10 days after transplanting 2 Apply 1.5kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 2kg of superphosphate mixed with 100kg of water for irrigation every 667m2 20 days after transplanting. 2 Apply 7.5kg urea mixed with 750kg water for irrigation, 40 days after transplanting, every 667m 2 Topdress with 15kg of urea and 20kg of compound fertilizer, and do not apply any fertilizer 30 days before harvest; (7) Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests such as snails, leafworms, yellow flea beetles, cabbage loopers, aphids, and diseases such as downy mildew, soft rot, and white rust; (8) Harvest at the right time. When the plant height is more than 50 cm and the weight of a single plant is more than 1 kg, use a Chinese mustard greens harvester to harvest along the hypocotyl of the Chinese mustard greens.

7. The method for breeding a Chinese mustard seed variety suitable for mechanized harvesting according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step (4) Fertilization: Apply 150-200 kg of refined organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15-15-15 per mu.

8. The method for breeding a Chinese mustard seed variety suitable for mechanized harvesting according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step (4) The land is prepared to a bed width of 1.2 to 1.5 meters for easy drainage, and a ditch width of 30 to 40 centimeters and a depth of 35 to 45 centimeters for easy drainage and harvester operation.

9. The method for breeding a Chinese mustard seed variety suitable for mechanized harvesting according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step (5) Before transplanting, use a mixture of 900 mL / hm² of Jindul and 1200 mL / hm² of Butachlor to cover the weeds. When planting, leave 1.5 to 2 cm of the hypocotyl above the soil surface.

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