Gasification reduction ironmaking method and gasification reduction furnace

Abstract

The invention discloses a gasification reduction ironmaking method and a gasification reduction furnace, and belongs to the field of metallurgical chemical industry. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, spraying a carbon-containing substance, oxygen and water vapor into a gasification reduction furnace from the upper part of the gasification reduction furnace, and reacting at high temperature to generate crude synthesis gas serving as a main component; and 2, spraying an iron-containing substance into the gasification reduction furnace from the lower part of the gasification reduction furnace, and carrying out a reduction reaction on the iron-containing substance and the crude synthesis gas to generate elemental iron. According to the method, the crude synthesis gas is generated at the upper part of the gasification reduction furnace, and the iron-containing substance and the crude synthesis gas are subjected to reduction reaction at the lower part of the gasification reduction furnace, so that the position of the reduction reaction of the iron-containing substance and the position of the oxidation reaction of the carbon-containing substance powder are prevented from overlapping; therefore, the situation that the iron-containing substance is wrapped by dispersed droplets formed by melting ash generated during generation of the crude synthesis gas and the reduction reaction of iron is hindered is avoided, and the efficiency of the reduction reaction of the iron-containing substance is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of metallurgy and chemical industry, and in particular relates to a gasification reduction ironmaking method and a gasification reduction furnace. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous emergence of CO2 emission reduction technologies, metallurgy, chemical industry, and cement, as major carbon emitters in the industrial system, face the challenge of energy restructuring, structural adjustment, technological integration, resource synergy, and sustainable development through recycling. However, these industries, operating independently, have all discarded energy and resources, resulting in waste. The pursuit of high efficiency in the smelting process by steel metallurgy generates waste heat and energy that are not fully utilized. For example, blast furnace gas, converter gas, sensible heat from slag, and electric furnace slag are not optimally utilized. The chemical industry, which relies on coal-to-chemical synthesis gas to produce synthesis gas, also generates waste heat, steam, and waste slag that are not fully utilized, and consumes a large amount of water resources. Cement production requires roasting, which consumes additional energy. The production of silicates and aluminosilicates requires ore resources. This industry accounts for approximately 13% of overall carbon emissions, second only to the steel industry at 16%, making it a traditionally large energy consumer.

[0003] Furthermore, China is the world's largest producer of alumina. The alumina production process generates 1.0 to 1.8 tons of red mud (industrial solid waste discharged during alumina extraction in the aluminum industry, known as red mud because of its high iron oxide content and its resemblance to reddish mud). Each ton of aluminum produced from bauxite generates 15 to 20 tons of CO2 emissions. As a major alumina producer, China faces increasing environmental pollution from the growing stockpile of red mud, exceeding 100 million tons annually. Maximizing its resource utilization is imperative. The storage and burial of iron-containing red mud consumes significant amounts of arable land and impacts surface and groundwater quality.

[0004] To reduce carbon emissions, major industrial sectors such as metallurgy, chemicals, nonferrous metals, and building materials have been scrambling to research new green technologies and low-carbon solutions in recent years, making significant contributions. Some have already reached mass production and large-scale application. However, the metallurgical industry and gasification and chemical industry technologies remain separate and ineffectively coupled, resulting in wasted investment and increased overall energy consumption. For example, gas-based direct reduction shaft furnaces have become the predominant low-carbon metallurgical technology solution in areas where natural gas is abundant and cheap. However, their high reliance on high-quality ore (iron ore with TFe ≥ 67% only accounts for 4% of iron ore) and cheap natural gas makes them difficult to fully promote. Some have transplanted flash copper and nickel smelting technologies into ironmaking, but flash copper is an exothermic reaction, while ironmaking is an endothermic one. The process technology and engineering differences between the two are significant, and improved engineering technology is needed to achieve this. Treatment methods for red mud, due to its multi-component composition, have also been explored in recent years, but compared to the large inventory, effective utilization is less than 10%. Therefore, we are seeking a new technical coupling method that can not only meet the requirements of fast and efficient metallurgy, but also provide usable synthesis gas for chemical industry, produce solid slag as raw material for building materials and cement, and process large amounts of red mud or medium and low-grade iron ore to get rid of dependence on high-quality iron ore. This method has important practical significance for promoting the comprehensive utilization of energy, recycling of resources, and achieving high-quality development.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the prior art cannot couple the synthesis gas production process with the ironmaking process to reduce energy consumption, and to provide a gasification reduction ironmaking method and a gasification reduction furnace.

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a gasification reduction ironmaking method, wherein the gasification reduction ironmaking method is performed in a gasification reduction furnace, wherein the gasification reduction furnace includes a reaction chamber and a quenching chamber located below the reaction chamber. The gasification reduction ironmaking method includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Spraying carbon-containing substances, oxygen and water vapor into the gasification reduction furnace from the upper portion thereof, reacting at high temperature to generate crude synthesis gas;

[0009] Step 2: spraying the iron-containing material from the lower part of the gasification reduction furnace into the interior of the gasification reduction furnace to undergo a reduction reaction with the crude synthesis gas to generate elemental iron;

[0010] Wherein, the carbon-containing substance is a gaseous carbon-containing substance and / or a solid carbon-containing substance with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm, the particle size of the iron-containing substance is less than 0.5 mm, and the mass percentage of iron oxide in the iron-containing substance is ≥35%;

[0011] The upper part refers to the upper half of the reaction chamber; the lower part refers to the lower half of the reaction chamber; the distance between the injection position of the carbon-containing substance, oxygen and water vapor and the injection position of the iron-containing substance is greater than or equal to 1 / 3 of the height of the reaction chamber.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the injection position of the carbon-containing substance, oxygen and water vapor and the injection position of the iron-containing substance is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the height of the reaction chamber.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the injection position of the carbon-containing substance, oxygen and water vapor and the injection position of the iron-containing substance is greater than or equal to 2 / 3 of the height of the reaction chamber.

[0014] The principle of producing crude syngas by reacting carbonaceous materials with oxygen and water vapor is the same as in the prior art. The reaction conditions are a pressure of 1.0 to 8.7 MPa and a temperature of 1100 to 1600°C, preferably 4.0 to 6.5 MPa and a temperature of 1200 to 1500°C. The crude syngas produced mainly consists of CO and H2.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the solid carbon-containing material is coal and / or biomass, and the gaseous carbon-containing material is one or a combination of at least two selected from natural gas, coke oven gas, lignite pyrolysis tail gas and calcium carbide tail gas.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the iron-containing material is one or a combination of at least two selected from red mud, copper tailings, phosphorus slag, hematite, magnetite, and vanadium-titanium magnetite.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon-containing material, oxygen and water vapor are sprayed into the reaction chamber from the top and / or from the sidewall of the upper half of the reaction chamber.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the injection direction from the top of the reaction chamber is obliquely downward or vertically downward toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber; and / or, the injection direction from the side wall of the upper half of the reaction chamber is horizontally toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the iron-containing material is sprayed into the side wall of the lower half of the reaction chamber, and the spraying direction is obliquely upward toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gasification reduction ironmaking method also includes: Step 3: quenching the reaction product of Step 2 and the crude synthesis gas that has not participated in the reaction, the reaction product is solidified after quenching, and the elemental iron is further separated, and the crude synthesis gas that has not participated in the reaction is sent out of the gasification reduction furnace for recycling after quenching.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the waste heat of the crude synthesis gas that has not participated in the reaction is recovered before being quenched.

[0022] A second aspect of the present invention provides a gasification reduction furnace for use in the above-mentioned gasification reduction ironmaking method, the gasification reduction furnace comprising:

[0023] The reaction chamber is where the gasification reduction ironmaking reaction takes place;

[0024] a quenching chamber, located below the reaction chamber and connected to the reaction chamber through a feed pipe;

[0025] The radiant waste heat recovery device is located between the reaction chamber and the quenching chamber;

[0026] The upper half of the reaction chamber is provided with an upper nozzle, and the upper nozzle is used to inject carbon-containing substances, oxygen and water vapor;

[0027] The lower half of the reaction chamber is provided with a lower nozzle, and the lower nozzle is used to spray iron-containing substances;

[0028] The distance between the upper nozzle and the lower nozzle is greater than or equal to 1 / 3 of the height of the reaction chamber.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the upper nozzle and the lower nozzle is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the height of the reaction chamber.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the upper nozzle and the lower nozzle is greater than or equal to 2 / 3 of the height of the reaction chamber.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gasification reduction furnace further includes a radiation type waste heat recovery device, which is disposed above the quenching chamber and is used to recover waste heat.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the radiation type waste heat recovery device is a radiation screen tube.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, the heat transfer medium in the radiation panel tube is water.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following technical effects:

[0035] (1) Coupling the synthesis gas production process with the ironmaking process to reduce overall energy consumption. The reaction of preparing synthesis gas from carbon-containing substances with oxygen and water vapor is an exothermic reaction, and the reaction environment temperature can reach 1100-1600°C. The ironmaking process requires a higher reaction temperature, and the reaction of reducing iron oxides to elemental iron by hydrogen is an endothermic reaction. Therefore, by coupling the synthesis gas production process with the ironmaking process, on the one hand, the ironmaking process can directly use the high-temperature environment of synthesis gas, and on the other hand, hydrogen reduction of iron oxides can directly utilize the heat released in the synthesis gas preparation process, so that the metallurgical industry technology and the gasification chemical industry technology are effectively coupled, improving energy utilization and reducing overall energy consumption.

[0036] (2) The synthesis gas production process and the iron oxide reduction reaction are carried out in different upper and lower areas of the gasification reduction furnace, thereby improving the efficiency of the iron oxide reduction reaction. By oxidizing the carbonaceous material powder in the upper part of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace to generate crude synthesis gas, and spraying the iron-containing material into the gasification reduction furnace from the lower part of the reaction chamber, the iron-containing material and the crude synthesis gas are reduced in the lower part of the reaction chamber, thereby avoiding the overlap of the position where the iron-containing material undergoes the reduction reaction and the position where the carbonaceous material powder undergoes the oxidation reaction, thereby avoiding the ash melted when the crude synthesis gas is generated from wrapping the iron-containing material into dispersed small droplets, thereby hindering the iron reduction reaction and even preventing the reaction. In addition, since the oxidation reaction mainly occurs at the top of the gasification reduction furnace, when the airflow reaches the lower part of the gasification reduction furnace, the oxygen has been exhausted and the atmosphere is already a high reduction potential atmosphere, so that the iron oxide reduction reaction is carried out in the excess reducing gas, which accelerates the speed of the iron oxide reduction reaction in the iron-containing material and improves the efficiency of the iron-containing material reduction reaction.

[0037] (3) The lower nozzle can be set to face upward, and the iron-containing material is sprayed upward from the lower nozzle, so that the initial movement direction of the iron-containing material is upward. In this way, the iron-containing material moving upward and the synthesis gas moving downward move in opposite directions, further ensuring that the iron-containing material and the synthesis gas are fully in contact, thereby increasing the reaction rate.

[0038] (4) Compared with high-grade oxidized pellets used in gas-based vertical furnaces, the method of the present invention does not require pelletizing and roasting, does not require coating treatment during reduction, eliminates dependence on natural gas, and does not require the construction of a heating furnace, saving a large amount of construction investment. Compared with gas-based vertical furnace systems under the same conditions, the investment savings are 50%, and the reaction efficiency and performance are improved by more than 80%. Compared with the powder process of fluidized bed furnaces, the method of the present invention effectively avoids the problems of material adhesion and particle fusion in high-temperature environments due to its rapid reaction, wide material adaptability, and small material particle size. Therefore, by eliminating pelletization, briquetting, or sintering, the method of the present invention can reduce energy consumption by up to 30% compared to competing processes.

[0039] (5) This method can also recover the waste heat of the synthesis gas through a radiant waste heat recovery device, thereby further saving energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 This is a process flow chart of an iron-containing solid material coupled gasification reduction quenching process according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gasification reduction furnace (equipped with a quenching chamber) according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a process flow chart of an iron-containing solid material coupled gasification and reduction semi-waste boiler according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a gasification reduction furnace (equipped with radiation screen tubes) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Description of main reference numerals:

[0045] ①-Oxygen, ②-Water vapor, ③-Fuel storage silo, ④-Raw material storage silo, ⑤-Reaction chamber, ⑥-Slag lock hopper, ⑦-Venturi, ⑧-Venturi separator, ⑨-Scrubber, ⑩-Crude synthesis gas, - process condensate, -Blackwater, -Black water flash evaporation and grey water recovery system, - Deslagging system, - slag removal, - cooling water, - fuel lock hopper, -Raw material lock hopper, -N2 or CO2 gas, -steam drum, - boiler feed water, By-product steam;

[0046] 11-shell, 111-reaction chamber outer wall, 112-quenching chamber outer wall, 12-reaction chamber, 121-oxidation zone, 122-reduction zone, 13-quenching chamber, 131-slag discharge system, 132-synthesis gas outlet, 14-radiation screen tube, 20-upper nozzle, 30-lower nozzle, 50-discharge pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] Unless expressly stated otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprise" or variations such as "include" or "comprising", etc., will be understood to include the stated elements or components but not to exclude other elements or other components.

[0048] The technical solutions of the present invention are described below by means of specific embodiments. It should be understood that one or more steps mentioned in the present invention do not exclude the presence of other methods and steps before and after the combination step, or other methods and steps may be inserted between these explicitly mentioned steps. It should also be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the numbering of each method step is only for the purpose of identifying each method step, and does not limit the order of arrangement of each method or the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships can also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantial changes in the technical content.

[0049] The sources of the raw materials and instruments used in the examples are not particularly limited and can be purchased from the market or prepared according to conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0050] The present invention relates to a gasification-reduction ironmaking method and a gasification-reduction furnace, featuring innovations in both the ironmaking method and the reaction unit gasification-reduction furnace. However, the inventors believe that the core improvement lies in the ironmaking method. The reaction unit gasification-reduction furnace can be improved upon existing gasification furnaces, following the core improvements to the ironmaking method. Therefore, the detailed description of the specific embodiments focuses primarily on the gasification-reduction ironmaking method.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gasification reduction ironmaking method is performed in a gasification reduction furnace, the gasification reduction furnace includes a reaction chamber and a quenching chamber located below the reaction chamber, and the gasification reduction ironmaking method includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Spraying carbon-containing material, oxygen ①, and water vapor ② from the upper portion of the reaction chamber ⑤ of the gasification reduction furnace into the gasification reduction furnace, reacting at high temperature to generate crude synthesis gas ⑩;

[0053] Step 2: Spraying the iron-containing material into the gasification reduction furnace from the lower portion of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace to undergo a reduction reaction with the crude synthesis gas to generate elemental iron;

[0054] The carbon-containing substance is a gaseous carbon-containing substance and / or a solid carbon-containing substance with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm, the particle size of the iron-containing substance is less than 0.5 mm, and the mass percentage of iron oxide in the iron-containing substance is ≥35%;

[0055] The upper part refers to the upper half of the reaction chamber; the lower part refers to the lower half of the reaction chamber; the distance between the injection position of the carbon-containing substance, oxygen and water vapor and the injection position of the iron-containing substance is greater than or equal to 1 / 3 of the height of the reaction chamber.

[0056] The solid carbon-containing material is coal and / or biomass, the gaseous carbon-containing material is one or a combination of at least two of natural gas, coke oven gas, semi-coke pyrolysis tail gas, and calcium carbide tail gas, and the coal can be any type of coal. The reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace refers to the chamber in which the oxidation and reduction reactions occur within the gasification reduction furnace.

[0057] In some embodiments, the carbonaceous material is fed in a dry powder state. The carbonaceous material is first dried by the waste heat of the gas generated by the gasification reduction furnace, and then ground to a particle size of less than 0.5 mm. Preferably, the particle size of 0.05 mm has a pass rate of more than 90%. The carbonaceous material is stored in the fuel storage bin ③, and the carbonaceous material can pass through the fuel lock hopper. By N2 or CO2 gas The carbonaceous material is then pressurized and densely transported as a carrier gas to the reaction chamber of the gasification-reduction furnace (5). The carbonaceous material may also be fed by other means, such as slurry, liquid, or gas feed, with the slurry feed having a solids concentration greater than 47% (no solids in the gas or liquid). The nozzles for injecting oxygen, water vapor, and the carbonaceous material into the gasification-reduction furnace may be suitable depending on the actual situation. For example, they may be injected into the gasification-reduction furnace through a common nozzle or other conventional methods.

[0058] In some specific embodiments, oxygen and water vapor are sprayed into the gasification reduction furnace with carbon-containing substances through a common nozzle, and one or more nozzles may be provided. When there are multiple nozzles, preferably, the multiple nozzles are arranged on the same horizontal plane, and the multiple nozzles are evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and the reaction chamber. The upper part of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace refers to the top of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace, or the area above the 1 / 2 position of the side of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace. Preferably, the upper part of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace refers to the area above the 1 / 3 position of the side of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace. More preferably, the upper part of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace refers to the area above the 1 / 4 position of the side of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace. More preferably, the upper part of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace refers to the area above the 1 / 5 position of the side of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace.

[0059] In some specific embodiments, the injection direction of oxygen, water vapor and carbon-containing substances is horizontal injection, oblique downward injection or vertical downward injection. In order to make the position where oxygen, water vapor and carbon-containing substances react as much as possible in the horizontal center of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace, the injection direction of oxygen, water vapor and carbon-containing substances is toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, oxygen, water vapor and carbon-containing substances are sprayed into the gasification reduction furnace through a common nozzle. There is only one nozzle, which is arranged in the center of the top of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace. Oxygen, water vapor and carbon-containing substances are sprayed downward into the gasification reduction furnace through the nozzle.

[0061] In another preferred embodiment, oxygen, water vapor and carbon-containing substances are sprayed into the gasification reduction furnace through a common nozzle. There are three nozzles, which are evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and the reaction chamber at the top of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace. The angle formed by two adjacent nozzles on the horizontal plane is 120°, and the injection direction of oxygen, water vapor and carbon-containing substances is obliquely downward at 45° (the angle between the injection direction and the horizontal plane where the nozzle is located) toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace.

[0062] In another preferred embodiment, oxygen, water vapor, and carbon-containing material are injected into the gasification reduction furnace through a common nozzle. Four nozzles are located at the top-to-bottom quarter of the sidewall of the gasification reduction furnace's reaction chamber, evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and the reaction chamber. The angle formed by two adjacent nozzles in the horizontal plane is 90°. The oxygen, water vapor, and carbon-containing material are injected horizontally toward the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace's reaction chamber. This arrangement allows the oxygen and water vapor injected from the different nozzles to meet the carbon-containing material at the horizontal center of the gasification reduction furnace's reaction chamber and react in an area near the horizontal center. This results in a higher concentration of the reaction materials, more complete contact, more optimal reaction conditions such as temperature and pressure, and a faster and more complete reaction.

[0063] An igniter is located in the center of the top of the reduction gasifier. Natural gas or other flammable gases are initially used as the ignition gas. During operation, for safety reasons, the igniter operates at a low power level to supply the treated crude synthesis gas in a continuous-burning manner, enabling recycling. In the upper part of the reaction chamber, at a pressure of 1.0 to 8.7 MPa and a temperature of 1100 to 1600°C (preferably 4.0 to 6.5 MPa and a temperature of 1200 to 1500°C), carbon-containing substances react with oxygen and water vapor to produce crude synthesis gas whose main components are CO and H2. The specific chemical reaction formula is as follows:

[0064] C x H y O z +aO2+bH2O→cCO+dH2+eCO2+fCH4+gC(s)

[0065] Among them, C x H y O zrepresents carbon-containing substances, a is the number of oxygen additions, b is the number of water vapor additions, c, d, e, and f represent the number of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane in the generated crude synthesis gas. The specific composition of the crude synthesis gas depends on the raw materials (carbon-containing substances) and reaction conditions (such as temperature and gasification agent ratio). Under normal circumstances, the volume fractions of the various components in the crude synthesis gas are as follows: carbon monoxide (CO) 10-57%, hydrogen (H2) 32-67%, carbon dioxide (CO2) 2-28%, methane (CH4) 0.1-15%, and g represents the number of solid carbon that is not completely gasified (usually less). The molar ratio of carbon-containing substances to oxygen and water vapor can be determined based on the reaction formula. If the carbon-containing substance is composed of multiple carbon-containing components, the molar ratio of carbon-containing substances to oxygen and water vapor can be determined based on the molecular formula of each carbon-containing component and its proportion. In order to ensure that oxygen reacts fully and that the reaction product, crude synthesis gas, contains as little or no oxygen as possible, the actual amount of carbon-containing material used may be slightly higher than the calculated theoretical amount. For example, the actual amount of carbon-containing material used is 1.01-1.05 times the theoretical amount.

[0066] In step 2, the iron-containing material is one or a combination of at least two of red mud, copper tailings, phosphorus slag, hematite, magnetite, and vanadium-titanium magnetite.

[0067] In some embodiments, the iron-containing material may be injected into the gasification reduction furnace via one or more nozzles. Preferably, the nozzles are multiple. Preferably, the multiple nozzles are arranged on the same horizontal plane and are evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and the reaction chamber.

[0068] The lower portion of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace refers to the area from about 1 / 2 of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace downward to the bottom of the reaction chamber. Preferably, the iron-containing material is sprayed into the gasification reduction furnace from about 1 / 3 of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace downward to the bottom of the reaction chamber. More preferably, the iron-containing material is sprayed into the gasification reduction furnace from about 1 / 4 of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace downward to the bottom of the reaction chamber. More preferably, the iron-containing material is sprayed into the gasification reduction furnace from about 1 / 5 of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace downward to the bottom of the reaction chamber.

[0069] The iron-containing material is injected horizontally or obliquely upward. In order to make the position where the iron-containing material reacts as close as possible to the horizontal center of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace, the iron-containing material is injected toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, the iron-containing material is sprayed into the gasification reduction furnace through two nozzles. The nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace and are evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and the reaction chamber. The two nozzles are on the same straight line as the center of the horizontal plane and the distances between the two nozzles and the center of the horizontal plane are equal. The injection direction of the iron-containing material is obliquely upward at 60° (the angle between the injection direction and the horizontal plane where the nozzle is located) toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace.

[0071] In another preferred embodiment, the iron-containing material is injected into the gasification reduction furnace through four nozzles positioned three-quarters of the way down the sidewall of the reaction chamber, evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and reaction chamber. The angle formed by two adjacent nozzles in the horizontal plane is 90°, and the iron-containing material is injected horizontally toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber. This arrangement allows the iron-containing material injected from the different nozzles to react with the crude synthesis gas in an area near the horizontal center, resulting in a higher concentration of the reaction materials, more complete contact, more optimal reaction conditions such as temperature and pressure, and a faster and more complete reaction.

[0072] Specifically, the iron-containing material is processed into fine powder with a particle size of less than 0.5mm, dried by high-temperature flue gas, and stored in the raw material storage bin ④, and then enters the raw material lock hopper By N2 or CO2 gas The pressurized dense phase is transported to the lower part of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace. After the iron-containing material is ejected from the lower nozzle, it meets the crude synthesis gas with a higher temperature. Since the iron-containing material particles are small and have a large specific surface area, heat transfer occurs instantly. Under the support of the high-temperature reduction potential energy, a reduction reaction occurs rapidly at the same time, reducing the iron oxide to elemental iron. In the actual production process, red mud can be sprayed in after the crude synthesis gas is oxidized and reacted for a period of time (such as a few minutes) in step 1. In this way, the continuously generated crude synthesis gas forms a high-concentration and high-reduction potential synthesis gas atmosphere at the bottom of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace, which can ensure that the red mud reacts in the high-reduction potential synthesis gas atmosphere. Its main reactions are as follows:

[0073] Fe x O y (s)+yH2(g)→xFe(s)+y H2O(g)

[0074] Fe x O y +yCO→xFe(s)+yCO2(g)

[0075] The reaction between H2 and iron oxide is an endothermic reaction, which requires a temperature above 1000℃. The reaction between CO and iron oxide also needs to be carried out at high temperature. The gasification temperature in the furnace body is between 1100 and 1600℃, which has high energy and promotes rapid reaction. x O y It can be Fe2O3, Fe3O4, or other iron oxides. Taking Fe2O3 as an example, the order of iron oxide reduction is originally: Fe2O3(s) → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe. However, due to the small particle size of the material, the heat flux is very large, and the heat required for heating is small, which ultimately reduces the time required for heat transfer. Theoretical calculations show that the heat transfer between the material and the high-temperature gas is only 0.003 seconds, so it can be ignored. Calculations show that at a temperature of 1350°C, in a reducing gas with an excess coefficient of 300% H2+CO, 50μm iron ore powder can be reduced to 99% in 0.3 seconds. At a temperature of 1350°C, in a reducing gas with an excess coefficient of 200% and a content of 60% or more H2, 50μm iron ore powder can be reduced to metallic iron at a rate of 99% in less than 0.58 seconds.

[0076] Preferably, the iron-containing material is sprayed upward from the lower nozzle, so that the iron-containing material continues to move upward. In this way, the upward-moving iron-containing material and the downward-moving crude synthesis gas move in opposite directions, further ensuring that the iron-containing material and the crude synthesis gas are fully in contact, thereby increasing the reaction rate.

[0077] The amount of iron-containing material can be calculated with reference to the crude synthesis gas production rate and the above reaction formula. First, the molar ratio of iron oxide to hydrogen and carbon monoxide at the time of complete reaction can be calculated according to the above formula; then, the feeding rate of iron oxide at the time of complete reaction can be calculated based on the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the crude synthesis gas and the generation rate of the crude synthesis gas; then, based on the content of iron oxide in the iron-containing material, the feeding rate of iron-containing material at the time of complete reaction can be calculated; finally, the feeding rate of iron-containing material at the time of complete reaction is multiplied by the feeding coefficient, such as 0.01 to 0.8, preferably 0.1 to 0.5, to obtain the actual feeding rate of iron-containing material. The feeding coefficient can be adjusted according to the actual reaction situation. The purpose is to make the synthesis gas absolutely excessive relative to the iron-containing material to ensure a rapid and sufficient reaction; on the other hand, to try to increase the actual feeding rate of iron-containing material to avoid too low ironmaking efficiency.

[0078] The gasification reduction ironmaking method may further include step 3: quenching the reaction product of step 2 and the crude synthesis gas that has not participated in the reaction, solidifying the reaction product after quenching, and further separating the elemental iron, and sending the crude synthesis gas that has not participated in the reaction out of the gasification reduction furnace after quenching for recycling. Specifically: the reduced elemental iron and the ash slag after gasification of molten coal powder are quenched by spraying water in the bottom ring pipe of the gasification reduction furnace reaction chamber, and then enter the quenching chamber together with the crude synthesis gas ⑩. The crude synthesis gas ⑩ and the generated carbon dioxide that have passed through the quenching chamber enter the coal gas purification system. The slag containing elemental iron that has passed through the quenching chamber enters the slag lock hopper ⑥, is crushed, and then enters the slag removal system Slag removal system The elemental iron and the quenched glass slag are separated and discharged through the slag The separated elemental iron is discharged from the steel plant for use. The glass slag is treated with water and is a high-quality silicate clinker in terms of structure and composition. It is the base material of cement and is used in building materials. Discharged cooling water Recycle.

[0079] The crude synthesis gas (10) produced by the gasification reduction furnace contains impurities such as fly ash and sulfide and needs to undergo multi-stage purification. First, the crude synthesis gas (10) enters the quenching chamber of the gasification reduction furnace for quenching and cooling, then enters the venturi (7) where high-speed water flow is used to capture fine particles; then it enters the venturi separator (8) where centrifugal force is used to remove larger particles. After solid particle separation, the crude synthesis gas (10) enters the scrubber (9) where soluble pollutants such as HCl, NH3, and H2S are removed by water washing, alkali spraying, or oxidation. At the same time, process condensate is used to The gas is further cooled. Ultimately, the purified raw syngas (⑩) can be used in downstream applications such as chemicals, fuel or power generation.

[0080] Washing wastewater from the Venturi separator ⑧ and black water from the washing tower ⑨ The black water produced by the gasification reduction furnace enters the black water flash evaporation and gray water recovery system Water resources can be recovered through preheating, vacuum evaporation, etc., and by-products can be concentrated to reduce wastewater discharge.

[0081] To ensure safe operation of the gasification reduction furnace, a layer of slag is applied to the water-cooled walls of the upper section of the furnace after the first start-up. This "slag-to-slag" principle is used to protect the water-cooled walls during subsequent operation. During normal operation, the furnace body temperature ranges from 1100°C to 1600°C. This temperature drops to approximately 500°C after passing through the slag layer. After passing through the 12-18mm thick screen wall and SiC filler, the temperature drops to below 300°C. The pressurized cooling water in the water-cooled walls maintains a temperature of approximately 250°C.

[0082] Compared to high-grade oxidized pellets used in gas-based shaft furnaces, this method requires no pelletizing or calcining, no coating during reduction, and no reliance on natural gas. This eliminates the need for a heating furnace, significantly reducing construction investment. Compared to gas-based shaft furnace systems under the same conditions, this method offers a 50% investment reduction and over 80% improvement in reaction efficiency and performance. Compared to powder processes in fluidized bed furnaces, this process offers a rapid reaction, wide material adaptability, and a small particle size, eliminating adhesion and particle fusion at high temperatures. By eliminating pelletization, briquetting, or sintering, this ironmaking process can reduce energy consumption by up to 30% compared to competing processes.

[0083] Furthermore, the waste heat from the crude syngas can be recovered. Specifically, the remaining crude syngas after the reduction reaction with the iron-containing material is recovered using a radiant waste heat recovery device before entering the quench chamber. This radiant waste heat recovery device uses radiant screen tubes, which contain water as the heat transfer medium. By recovering the waste heat, the water is converted into steam, which can then be further utilized.

[0084] Furthermore, a steam drum may be provided. Connected to radiant waste heat recovery device (such as Figure 3 Boiler feed water Through the steam drum The downcomer is assigned to the radiant waste heat recovery device, which recovers waste heat through the heat transfer medium water and passes through the steam drum Output of by-product steam

[0085] like Figure 2 As shown, a gasification reduction furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a reaction chamber 12, which is where the gasification reduction ironmaking reaction takes place; a quench chamber 13, located below the reaction chamber 12 and connected to the reaction chamber 12 via a feed pipe 50. An upper nozzle 20 is provided in the upper half of the reaction chamber 12 for injecting carbonaceous material, oxygen, and water vapor; a lower nozzle 30 is provided in the lower half of the reaction chamber 12 for injecting iron-containing material. The distance between the upper nozzle 20 and the lower nozzle 30 is greater than or equal to 1 / 3 of the height of the reaction chamber 12. The reaction chamber 12 is surrounded by an outer reaction chamber wall 111, and the quench chamber 13 is surrounded by an outer quench chamber wall 112. The outer reaction chamber wall 111 and the quench chamber wall 112 form the shell 11 of the gasification reduction furnace. The reaction chamber 12 has two reaction zones: an oxidation zone 121 and a reduction zone 122. The inner side of the outer reaction chamber wall 111 is provided with a water-cooled wall or refractory bricks. A slag discharge system 131 is provided at the bottom of the quenching chamber 13 , and a synthesis gas outlet 132 is provided on the side wall of the quenching chamber 13 .

[0086] Preferably, the distance between the upper nozzle 20 and the lower nozzle 30 is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the height of the reaction chamber 12. More preferably, the distance between the upper nozzle 20 and the lower nozzle 30 is greater than or equal to 2 / 3 of the height of the reaction chamber 12.

[0087] In some specific embodiments, the upper nozzle 20 is disposed at the top of the reaction chamber 12 or at the upper 1 / 3 portion of the reaction chamber sidewall.

[0088] In some embodiments, the upper nozzle 20 is disposed in the upper 1 / 4 portion of the reaction chamber sidewall.

[0089] In some embodiments, the upper nozzle 20 is disposed in the upper 1 / 5 portion of the reaction chamber sidewall.

[0090] In some embodiments, there are one or more upper nozzles 20 .

[0091] In one embodiment, there is one upper nozzle 20 , which is disposed at the top center of the reaction chamber 12 , with the nozzle of the upper nozzle 20 pointing vertically downward.

[0092] In some specific embodiments, there are multiple upper nozzles 20 , and the multiple upper nozzles 20 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction.

[0093] In some specific embodiments, there are multiple upper nozzles 20 , and the nozzles of the multiple upper nozzles 20 are horizontal or obliquely downward.

[0094] In a specific embodiment, there are three upper nozzles 20, which are arranged at the top of the reaction chamber 12 and are evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and the reaction chamber 12. The angle formed by two adjacent upper nozzles 20 on the horizontal plane is 120°, and the nozzle direction of the upper nozzle 20 is toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber 12 and the angle with the horizontal plane where the nozzle is located is 45°.

[0095] In a specific embodiment, there are four upper nozzles 20, and the four upper nozzles 20 are arranged at 1 / 4 of the side wall of the reaction chamber 12 from the top to the bottom, and are evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and the reaction chamber 12. The angle formed by two adjacent upper nozzles 20 on the horizontal plane is 90°, and the nozzle direction of the upper nozzle 20 is horizontally toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber 12.

[0096] In some specific embodiments, the lower nozzle 30 is disposed at the bottom of the reaction chamber 12 or at the lower 1 / 3 of the sidewall of the reaction chamber 12 .

[0097] In some specific embodiments, the lower nozzle 30 is disposed in the lower 1 / 4 portion of the sidewall of the reaction chamber 12 .

[0098] In some specific embodiments, the lower nozzle 30 is disposed in the lower 1 / 5 portion of the sidewall of the reaction chamber 12 .

[0099] In some embodiments, there are one or more lower nozzles 30 .

[0100] In some specific embodiments, there are multiple lower nozzles 30 , and the multiple lower nozzles 30 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction.

[0101] In some specific embodiments, there are multiple lower nozzles 30 , and the nozzles of the multiple lower nozzles 30 are horizontal or obliquely upward.

[0102] In a specific embodiment, there are two lower nozzles 30, and the two lower nozzles 30 are arranged at 4 / 5 of the side wall of the reaction chamber 12 from the top to the bottom, and are evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and the reaction chamber 12. The two lower nozzles 30 are on the same straight line as the center of the horizontal plane and the distance between the two nozzles and the center of the horizontal plane is equal. The nozzle direction of the lower nozzle 30 is toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber 12 and the angle with the horizontal plane where the nozzle is located is 60°.

[0103] In a specific embodiment, there are four lower nozzles 30, and the four lower nozzles 30 are arranged at 3 / 4 of the side wall of the reaction chamber 12 from the top to the bottom, and are evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and the reaction chamber 12. The angle formed by two adjacent lower nozzles 30 on the horizontal plane is 90°, and the nozzle direction of the lower nozzle 30 is horizontally toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber 12.

[0104] In some specific embodiments, the gasification reduction furnace further includes a radiation waste heat recovery device 14 (such as Figure 4 The radiation type waste heat recovery device 14 is arranged above the quenching chamber 13 and is used to recover waste heat.

[0105] In some specific embodiments, the radiant waste heat recovery device 14 is a radiant panel tube.

[0106] In some specific embodiments, the heat transfer medium in the radiation screen tube is water.

[0107] Example 1

[0108] A gasification reduction ironmaking method is performed in a gasification reduction furnace, comprising: a reaction chamber and a quenching chamber, wherein the quenching chamber is located below the reaction chamber and is connected to the reaction chamber via a feed pipe; an upper nozzle is provided at the center of the top of the reaction chamber; three lower nozzles are provided at 4 / 5 of the side wall of the reaction chamber, the three lower nozzles are evenly distributed along the circumference, and the nozzles of the three lower nozzles are directed toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber 12 and at an angle of 50 degrees to the horizontal plane where the nozzles are located; the gasification reduction ironmaking method comprises the following steps:

[0109] Step 1: 0.5mm pulverized coal, oxygen, and water vapor are injected into the gasification reduction furnace through the upper nozzle of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace to generate crude synthesis gas at a pressure of 8.7MPa and a temperature of 1450°C. The injection rates of pulverized coal, oxygen, and water vapor into the gasification reduction furnace are: 200kg / h of pulverized coal; 1000kg / h of oxygen; and 450kg / h of water vapor.

[0110] Step 2: Spray 0.5 mm red mud powder containing 38.88% by mass of Fe2O3 into the gasification reduction furnace through the lower nozzle of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace to undergo a reduction reaction with the crude synthesis gas to produce elemental iron; the mass percentage of iron oxide in the red mud powder, and the red mud powder is sprayed into the gasification reduction furnace at a rate of 200 kg / h.

[0111] Example 2

[0112] A gasification reduction ironmaking method is performed in a gasification reduction furnace, the gasification reduction furnace comprising: a reaction chamber and a quenching chamber, the quenching chamber being located below the reaction chamber and connected to the reaction chamber via a feed pipe; four upper nozzles are arranged at the upper 1 / 5 of the side wall of the reaction chamber, the four upper nozzles are evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and the reaction chamber, the angle formed by two adjacent upper nozzles on a horizontal plane is 90 degrees, and the nozzle direction of the upper nozzle is horizontally toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber; four lower nozzles are arranged at 3 / 4 of the side wall of the reaction chamber, the four lower nozzles are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, the nozzle direction of the four lower nozzles is toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber, and the angle between the nozzles and the horizontal plane where the nozzles are located is 45 degrees; the gasification reduction ironmaking method comprises the following steps:

[0113] Step 1: Coal-water slurry containing 60% solids and oxygen are injected into the gasification reduction furnace through the upper nozzle of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace to generate crude synthesis gas at a pressure of 6.5 MPa and a temperature of 1200°C. The coal slurry and oxygen are injected into the gasification reduction furnace at a rate of 1500 kg / h for coal slurry and 1800 kg / h for oxygen, respectively.

[0114] Step 2: Spraying 0.05 mm hematite containing 55% by mass of Fe2O3 into the gasification reduction furnace from the lower nozzle of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace to undergo a reduction reaction with the crude synthesis gas to produce elemental iron; the hematite powder is sprayed into the gasification reduction furnace at a rate of 800 kg / h;

[0115] Step 3: The reaction product of step 2 and the unreacted crude synthesis gas are quenched, the reaction product is solidified after quenching, and the elemental iron is further separated. The unreacted crude synthesis gas is sent out of the gasification reduction furnace for recycling after quenching.

[0116] Example 3

[0117] A gasification reduction ironmaking method is performed in a gasification reduction furnace, the gasification reduction furnace comprising: a reaction chamber and a quenching chamber, the quenching chamber being located below the reaction chamber and connected to the reaction chamber via a feed pipe; three upper nozzles are provided at the upper 1 / 3 of the reaction chamber side wall, the three upper nozzles being evenly distributed around the vertical axis of the gasification reduction furnace and the reaction chamber, the angle formed by three adjacent upper nozzles on a horizontal plane being 120°, the nozzles of the upper nozzles being directed toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber and forming an angle of 30° with the horizontal plane where the nozzles are located; five lower nozzles are provided at 5 / 6 of the reaction chamber side wall, the five lower nozzles being evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, the nozzles of the five lower nozzles being directed horizontally toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber; the gasification reduction ironmaking method comprising the following steps:

[0118] Step 1: Natural gas, oxygen, and water vapor are injected into the gasification reduction furnace from one-third of the side wall of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace to generate crude synthesis gas at a pressure of 3.5 MPa and a temperature of 1300°C. The injection rates of natural gas, oxygen, and water vapor into the gasification reduction furnace are: natural gas 800 kg / h; oxygen 1250 kg / h; and water vapor 900 kg / h.

[0119] Step 2: 0.15 mm magnetite containing 45% by mass of Fe3O4 is sprayed into the gasification reduction furnace from the 5 / 6 of the side wall of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace to undergo a reduction reaction with the crude synthesis gas to produce elemental iron; the magnetite powder is sprayed into the gasification reduction furnace at a rate of 500 kg / h;

[0120] Step 3: The reaction product of step 2 and the unreacted crude synthesis gas are quenched, the reaction product is solidified after quenching, and the elemental iron is further separated. The unreacted crude synthesis gas is sent out of the gasification reduction furnace for recycling after quenching.

[0121] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is apparent that many variations and modifications are possible in light of the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments have been selected and described for the purpose of explaining the specific principles of the invention and their practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to realize and utilize a variety of exemplary embodiments of the invention and various options and modifications. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gasification reduction ironmaking method using iron-containing materials as raw materials, characterized in that: The gasification reduction ironmaking method is carried out in a gasification reduction furnace, which includes a reaction chamber and a quenching chamber located below the reaction chamber. The gasification reduction ironmaking method includes the following steps: Step 1: Spraying carbon-containing substances, oxygen and water vapor into the gasification reduction furnace from the upper portion of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace to react at high temperature to generate crude synthesis gas; Step 2: spraying the iron-containing material into the gasification reduction furnace from the lower portion of the reaction chamber of the gasification reduction furnace to undergo a reduction reaction with the crude synthesis gas to generate elemental iron; Wherein, the carbon-containing substance is a gaseous carbon-containing substance and / or a solid carbon-containing substance with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm, the particle size of the iron-containing substance is less than 0.5 mm, and the mass percentage of iron oxide in the iron-containing substance is ≥35%; The upper part refers to the upper half of the reaction chamber; the lower part refers to the lower half of the reaction chamber; the distance between the injection position of the carbon-containing substance, oxygen and water vapor and the injection position of the iron-containing substance is greater than or equal to 1 / 3 of the height of the reaction chamber.

2. The gasification reduction ironmaking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid carbon-containing material is coal and / or biomass, and the gaseous carbon-containing material is one or a combination of at least two selected from natural gas, coke oven gas, blue coke pyrolysis tail gas and calcium carbide tail gas.

3. The gasification reduction ironmaking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The iron-containing material is one selected from red mud, copper tailings, phosphorus slag, hematite, magnetite, and vanadium-titanium magnetite, or a combination of at least two of them.

4. The gasification reduction ironmaking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon-containing substance, oxygen and water vapor are sprayed into the reaction chamber from the top and / or from the side wall of the upper half of the reaction chamber.

5. The gasification reduction ironmaking method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The injection direction from the top of the reaction chamber is obliquely downward or vertically downward toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber; and / or the injection direction from the side wall of the upper half of the reaction chamber is horizontally toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber.

6. The gasification reduction ironmaking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The iron-containing material is sprayed into the side wall of the lower half of the reaction chamber, and the spraying direction is to spray obliquely upward toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber or to spray horizontally.

7. The gasification reduction ironmaking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gasification reduction ironmaking method further comprises: Step 3: The reaction product of step 2 and the unreacted crude synthesis gas are quenched, the reaction product is solidified after quenching, and the elemental iron is further separated, and the unreacted crude synthesis gas is sent out of the gasification reduction furnace for recycling after quenching.

8. The gasification reduction ironmaking method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step 3, the waste heat of the crude synthesis gas that has not participated in the reaction is recovered before being quenched.

9. A gasification reduction furnace used in the gasification reduction ironmaking method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The gasification reduction furnace comprises: The reaction chamber is where the gasification reduction ironmaking reaction takes place; a quenching chamber, located below the reaction chamber and connected to the reaction chamber through a feed pipe; The upper half of the reaction chamber is provided with an upper nozzle, and the upper nozzle is used to inject carbon-containing substances, oxygen and water vapor; The lower half of the reaction chamber is provided with a lower nozzle, and the lower nozzle is used to spray iron-containing substances; The distance between the upper nozzle and the lower nozzle is greater than or equal to 1 / 3 of the height of the reaction chamber.

10. The gasification reduction furnace according to claim 9, characterized in that: The distance between the upper nozzle and the lower nozzle is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the height of the reaction chamber; preferably, the distance between the upper nozzle and the lower nozzle is greater than or equal to 2 / 3 of the height of the reaction chamber.

11. The gasification reduction furnace according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper nozzle is arranged at the center of the top of the reaction chamber, and the nozzle of the upper nozzle is directed vertically downward; and / or, the upper nozzle is arranged at a non-central position on the top of the reaction chamber, and the nozzle of the upper nozzle is directed obliquely downward toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber; And / or, the upper nozzle is arranged on the side wall of the reaction chamber, and the nozzle of the upper nozzle is horizontally oriented towards the vertical axis of the reaction chamber.

12. The gasification reduction furnace according to claim 9, characterized in that: The lower nozzle is arranged on the side wall of the reaction chamber, and the nozzle of the lower nozzle is oriented obliquely upward toward the vertical axis of the reaction chamber.

13. The gasification reduction furnace according to claim 9, characterized in that: The gasification reduction furnace further includes a radiation type waste heat recovery device, which is arranged above the quenching chamber and is used to recover waste heat.

14. The gasification reduction furnace according to claim 12, characterized in that: The radiation type waste heat recovery device is a radiation screen tube.

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