Method for rapidly solving occurrence of structural plane in inclined drilling video by using projection method

Abstract

A method for rapidly solving the occurrence of a structural plane in an inclined borehole video by using a projection method comprises the following steps: step 1, drawing a borehole orifice point in three-dimensional cartographic software, and naming the borehole orifice point as a point A; 2, drawing a drilling direction line according to a drilling azimuth angle through an orifice point; and drawing the axis of the inclined drill hole according to the vertex angle of the drill hole through the orifice point and the drill hole direction line, and naming as a drill hole axis AB. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the method for rapidly solving the occurrence of the structural plane in the inclined drilling video by using the projection method, and three-dimensional cartographic software (such as 3DE software and the like) is used for obtaining the inclined drilling video, and then the occurrence of the structural plane in the inclined drilling video is rapidly solved according to the known azimuth angle and vertex angle of a drilling hole and the visual tendency and visual dip angle of the structural plane identified in a video result. The method for efficiently, simply, conveniently and accurately solving the occurrence (true tendency and true dip angle) of the structural surface by using a projection method can improve the efficiency of an engineer for calculating the occurrence of the structural surface in the inclined drilling video.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to a method for rapidly solving the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos by using a projection method. Background Art

[0002] During the investigation of water conservancy and hydropower projects, geotechnical engineering structures, and geological disasters, using borehole videos to solve the structural surface orientation for relevant analysis and calculation is a common survey method during engineering investigation. Under vertical drilling conditions, the relationship between the structural surface shown in the drilling video and the borehole position is clear, and the structural surface orientation is easy to understand and calculate; however, under inclined drilling conditions, the spatial position relationship between the structural surface and the borehole in the drilling video is extremely complex, and it is no longer possible to complete understanding and calculation through simple operations. Traditional methods for solving structural surface orientation mainly rely on the following two approaches: ① Manual analysis: This method establishes a mathematical model based on the spatial geometric relationship between the borehole axis and the structural surface. This method requires accurate drilling trajectory parameters (azimuth and vertex angle) to be acquired in advance. This method has significant drawbacks: The manual calculation process is cumbersome and complex when the borehole is tilted; it is sensitive to trajectory measurement errors, which can easily lead to cumulative errors; and the calculation process is non-intuitive and prone to errors.

[0003] ② Image processing method: Structural surface parameters are directly calculated through image feature extraction. However, existing algorithms generally have the following limitations: most studies are based on the vertical drilling assumption, and no effective three-dimensional spatial correction model is established when the drill hole is inclined; the feature matching process relies on manual intervention and has a low degree of automation; and the calculation errors caused by lens distortion and cylindrical projection deformation are not effectively solved.

[0004] In current engineering practice, with increasingly complex geological conditions and advancements in drilling technology, the proportion of inclined boreholes in engineering surveys is increasing. Traditional methods require complex coordinate system transformations and spatial projection corrections in these scenarios, resulting in low computational efficiency (single-point solution times >5 minutes) and errors as high as 15%-20%. Existing technologies are particularly struggling to meet the requirements for real-time, precise, and visual analysis in complex engineering scenarios involving ultra-deep and ultra-long boreholes.

[0005] In response to the above-mentioned technical bottlenecks, the present invention proposes a method for quickly solving the structural surface occurrence based on improved projection transformation. By establishing a dynamic projection model of inclined drilling-structural surface, the visual solution of structural surface parameters under inclined drilling conditions is realized, which significantly improves the calculation efficiency and engineering applicability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for quickly solving the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos using the projection method. After obtaining the inclined drilling video, three-dimensional mapping software (such as 3DE software, etc.) is used to efficiently, simply and accurately solve the occurrence of the above-mentioned structural surfaces (true occurrence and true inclination) using the projection method based on the known azimuth and top angle of the borehole, as well as the apparent inclination and apparent inclination of the structural surface identified in the video results. This method can improve the efficiency of engineers in calculating the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts a technical solution: a method for quickly solving the structural surface occurrence in inclined drilling video using a projection method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Draw the drilling hole point in the 3D drawing software and name it point A; Step 2: Draw a drilling direction line through the hole mouth point according to the drilling azimuth; draw the axis of the inclined drilling hole through the hole mouth point and the drilling direction line according to the drilling top angle, and name it drilling axis AB; Step 3: Draw the intersection of the structural surface and the drilling axis according to the depth of the structural surface on the drilling axis, named point O; draw the normal plane of the drilling axis through point O; draw the horizontal plane of the structural surface through point O; Step 4: Pull the drilling axis AB upward and downward along the Z axis simultaneously to generate a drilling stretch surface; Step 5: With point O as the center, draw a drilling circle on the normal plane of the drilling axis; Step 6: Find the two intersection points of the drill circle and the drill extrusion surface, and find the intersection point with the larger Z value (closer to the ground), and name it point B; Step 7: With OB as the 0 direction (angle zero) on the drilling circle, rotate OB in a clockwise direction. The rotation angle is the apparent inclination value of the structural surface, and the apparent inclination line OC is obtained. Step 8: Establish the structural surface reference plane with the plane determined by the visual inclination line OC and the drilling axis AB; Step 9: With point O as the base point on the structural surface reference plane, rotate the apparent inclination line OC toward the OB direction. The rotation angle is the apparent inclination value of the structural surface, and the apparent inclination direction line OD is obtained. The straight line OD represents the occurrence line of the structural surface. Step 10: Measure the true dip and true dip represented by the apparent dip direction line OD, which is the true attitude of the structural surface.

[0008] Preferably, in step 1, the drilling hole opening point is any point.

[0009] Preferably, in step 2, the drilling direction line is drawn through the hole mouth point according to the drilling azimuth angle, and the specific operation is as follows: with the positive direction of the Y axis as the 0 direction (angle zero), the drilling direction line is drawn on the XY plane with point A as the starting point in a clockwise direction (viewed downward from the Z axis) according to the drilling azimuth angle.

[0010] Preferably, in step 2, the axis of the inclined drill hole is drawn according to the drill hole apex angle through the hole mouth point and the drill hole direction line. The specific operation is as follows: a drilling reference plane is established with the drill hole direction line and the Z axis. On the plane, point A is used as the base point, and the drill hole direction line is rotated toward the negative direction of the Z axis. The rotation angle is the drill hole apex angle value, and the drill hole axis is obtained, which is named the drill hole axis AB.

[0011] Preferably, in step three, the length of the borehole is 100m.

[0012] Preferably, in step 4, when the drilling axis AB is pulled up and down simultaneously along the Z-axis direction, the length of the pulling is determined according to the apparent inclination of the structural surface and the drilling hole. When the apparent inclination is greater than 45 degrees, the length of the pulling is greater than 100m.

[0013] Preferably, in step five, the radius of the drilling circle is 0.045m, 0.055m or 0.065m.

[0014] Preferably, in step six, if the intersection point cannot be found when solving for the intersection point, the length of the drilling axis AB stretched upward and downward along the Z axis in step four is increased simultaneously until the intersection point is found.

[0015] Preferably, in step seven, with the OB direction as the 0 direction (angle zero) on the drilling circle, when OB is rotated clockwise, it should be observed downward from point A along the drilling axis.

[0016] Preferably, in step ten, the attitude (true dip and true inclination) of the direction line is directly measured in the three-dimensional mapping software through the attitude measurement template, or the direction line is projected onto the horizontal plane of the structural surface generated in step three to measure the dip, and at the same time, the direction line is projected onto the vertical plane passing through the direction line to measure the inclination.

[0017] The present invention provides a method for quickly solving the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos using a projection method, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) This method is the first to propose a graphical method for solving the structural surface occurrence in videos of inclined boreholes, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional algorithms and expands the scope of application; (2) The use of three-dimensional mapping software (such as 3DE software, etc.) has strong visibility and simple operation process, which is conducive to young engineers and scholars to quickly get started and master the solution method of structural surface occurrence under complex drilling conditions; (3) When using the traditional coordinate formula method to directly solve the occurrence, there are problems such as complex formulas, difficulty in understanding, and inability to verify. The projection method proposed in this method has a single operation step and a consistent result. Under normal circumstances, the solution can be completed in 5-10 minutes, which is much more efficient than the traditional method and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the drilling tendency line, drilling axis and drilling stretching surface drawn in step 2 and step 4 of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the drilling axis normal plane and drilling circle drawn in step 3 and step 5 of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of solving the two intersection points of the drilling circle and the drilling lifting surface in step six of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of determining the structural plane 0 (angle zero) direction and drawing the visual inclination line in step seven of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of drawing the structural surface occurrence line based on the structural surface apparent inclination angle in step nine of the present invention.

[0019] exist Figure 2-Figure 6 In the spatial rectangular coordinate system, V represents the Y-axis direction on the plane; H represents the X-axis direction on the plane; and “×” represents the position of a point or intersection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, when the method of the present invention is used to conduct a survey of a hydropower project, the structural surface occurrence of a certain inclined hole video is solved. The specific method includes the following steps: Step 1: Draw the borehole opening point in the 3D drawing software. The borehole opening point can be any point and is named point A. The borehole opening point is an arbitrary point, which increases the flexibility of the method.

[0021] like Figure 2 As shown, step 2: draw the axis of the inclined drill hole through the hole mouth point A according to the drilling azimuth and top angle. The specific operation is as follows: take the positive direction of the Y axis as the 0 direction (angle zero), and draw the drilling direction line in a clockwise direction (viewed from the Z axis downward) according to the drilling azimuth on the XY plane with point A as the starting point. Establish a drilling reference plane with the drilling direction line and the Z axis. On this plane, take point A as the base point and rotate the drilling direction line toward the negative direction of the Z axis. The rotation angle is the drilling top angle value, and the drilling axis is obtained, which is named drilling axis AB.

[0022] like Figure 3 As shown, step three: on the drilling axis AB, draw the intersection of the structural surface and the drilling axis according to the depth of the structural surface at 100m, named point O, and draw the normal plane of the drilling axis through point O, called the drilling axis normal plane; draw a horizontal plane through point O, called the structural surface horizontal plane.

[0023] Step 4: Elevate the borehole axis AB simultaneously upward and downward along the Z-axis. For the time being, assume the elevation lengths are 100m each, and name this the borehole elevation surface. For situations where the apparent inclination is greater than 45 degrees, the elevation length must be greater than 100m. Dynamically adjust the elevation parameters based on actual conditions to ensure that the borehole elevation surface effectively intersects the borehole circle, improving the success rate of subsequent intersection point determination.

[0024] Step 5: With point O as the center, draw a drill circle on the normal plane to the drilling axis with a radius of 0.045m. 0.045m, 0.055m, and 0.065m are all conventional drill hole sizes and can be selected based on actual site conditions.

[0025] like Figure 4 As shown, step six: Find the two intersection points between the drill circle and the drill pull surface. Find the intersection with the larger Z value (closer to the ground) and name it point B. If the intersection cannot be found, increase the upward and downward Z-axis stretching of the drill axis AB in step 4 until the intersection is found. A fault-tolerant mechanism for finding the intersection point (increasing the stretching length if the intersection cannot be found) ensures that the intersection point can be successfully obtained in step six, avoiding method interruptions caused by insufficient initial stretching length and ensuring the feasibility of the entire process.

[0026] like Figure 5 As shown, step seven: on the drilling circle, with OB direction as 0 (angle zero), rotate OB in a clockwise direction (viewing downward along the drilling axis). The rotation angle is the apparent inclination value of the structural surface, and the apparent inclination line OC is obtained.

[0027] Step 8: Establish the structural surface reference plane with the plane determined by the visual inclination line OC and the drilling axis AB.

[0028] like Figure 6 As shown, step nine: take point O as the base point on the structural surface reference plane, rotate the apparent inclination line OC toward the OB direction, the rotation angle is the apparent inclination value of the structural surface, and obtain the apparent inclination direction line OD. The straight line OD represents the occurrence line of the structural surface.

[0029] Step 10: Measure the true dip and true dip represented by the apparent dip direction line (OD), which represents the true strike of the structural surface. In 3D mapping software, directly measure the strike (true dip and true dip) of the apparent dip direction line using the strike measurement template. Alternatively, project the apparent dip direction line onto the horizontal plane of the structural surface generated in Step 3 to measure the dip, and simultaneously project it onto a vertical plane passing through the apparent dip direction line to measure the dip. Specifically, project line OD onto the horizontal plane of the structural surface to obtain line OE. Measure the angle between line OE and the positive direction of the Y coordinate axis to obtain the true dip of the structural surface (measured clockwise, from positive to negative Z values). Measure the angle between line OE and the positive direction of the Y coordinate axis to obtain the true dip of the structural surface. Two strike measurement methods (direct measurement using the template or projection measurement) provide increased measurement flexibility, adapting to different 3D software capabilities and engineer operating habits, ensuring accurate acquisition of the true dip and true dip of the structural surface.

[0030] The present invention discloses a method for quickly solving the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos using a projection method, aiming to solve the problems of cumbersome calculations, low efficiency and high errors of traditional methods in inclined drilling scenarios; the core of the method is to use three-dimensional mapping software, based on the known drilling azimuth, top angle and the apparent inclination and apparent inclination angle of the structural surface identified in the video, by drawing the hole mouth point and the drilling axis, determine the intersection of the structural surface and the drilling axis, generate the normal plane, the stretching surface and the drilling circle, and after solving the intersection, obtain the apparent inclination line and the apparent inclination direction line by rotation, and finally measure the true inclination and true inclination angle of the structural surface. In this method, the hole mouth point can be selected arbitrarily, the drawing standards of the direction line and the axis are clarified, the adjustment method and fault tolerance mechanism of the drilling length, circle radius and stretching length are stipulated, and a clear rotation observation angle and measurement method are provided. The method has the characteristics of being the first to propose a graphical method for the occurrence of inclined drilling structural surfaces, strong visibility, simple operation, high solution efficiency (5-10 minutes / point), and unique results, and is suitable for large-scale promotion.

[0031] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be the technical solutions set forth in the claims, including equivalent alternatives to the technical features of the technical solutions set forth in the claims. In other words, equivalent alternatives and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly solving the structural surface occurrence in inclined drilling videos using projection method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Draw the drilling hole point in the 3D drawing software and name it point A; Step 2: Draw a drilling direction line through the hole mouth point according to the drilling azimuth; draw the axis of the inclined drilling hole through the hole mouth point and the drilling direction line according to the drilling top angle, and name it drilling axis AB; Step 3: Draw the intersection of the structural surface and the drilling axis according to the depth of the structural surface on the drilling axis, named point O; draw the normal plane of the drilling axis through point O; draw the horizontal plane of the structural surface through point O; Step 4: Pull the drilling axis AB upward and downward along the Z axis simultaneously to generate a drilling stretch surface; Step 5: With point O as the center, draw a drilling circle on the normal plane of the drilling axis; Step 6: Find the two intersection points of the drilling circle and the drilling extrusion surface, and find the intersection point with the larger Z value, named point B; Step 7: With OB as the 0 direction (angle zero) on the drilling circle, rotate OB in a clockwise direction. The rotation angle is the apparent inclination value of the structural surface, and the apparent inclination line OC is obtained. Step 8: Establish the structural surface reference plane with the plane determined by the visual inclination line OC and the drilling axis AB; Step 9: With point O as the base point on the structural surface reference plane, rotate the apparent inclination line OC toward the OB direction. The rotation angle is the apparent inclination value of the structural surface, and the apparent inclination direction line OD is obtained. The straight line OD represents the occurrence line of the structural surface. Step 10: Measure the true dip and true dip represented by the apparent dip direction line OD, which is the true attitude of the structural surface.

2. The method for rapidly determining the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos using a projection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the drilling hole point is any point.

3. The method for rapidly determining the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos using a projection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the drilling direction line is drawn according to the drilling azimuth through the hole mouth point. The specific operation is as follows: with the positive direction of the Y axis as the 0 direction, the drilling direction line is drawn in a clockwise direction according to the drilling azimuth with point A as the starting point on the XY plane.

4. The method for rapidly determining the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos using a projection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the axis of the inclined drill hole is drawn according to the drill hole apex angle through the hole mouth point and the drill hole direction line. The specific operation is as follows: a drilling reference plane is established with the drill hole direction line and the Z axis. On the plane, point A is used as the base point, and the drill hole direction line is rotated toward the negative direction of the Z axis. The rotation angle is the drill hole apex angle value, and the drill hole axis is obtained, which is named the drill hole axis AB.

5. The method for rapidly determining the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos using a projection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, the length of the borehole is 100m.

6. The method for rapidly determining the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos using a projection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4, when the drilling axis AB is pulled up and down simultaneously along the Z-axis direction, when the apparent inclination is greater than 45 degrees, the pulling length is greater than 100m.

7. The method for rapidly determining the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos using a projection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, the radius of the drilling circle is 0.045m, 0.055m or 0.065m.

8. The method for rapidly determining the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos using a projection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step six, if the intersection point cannot be found when solving the intersection point, the length of the drilling axis AB stretched upward and downward along the Z axis in step four is increased simultaneously until the intersection point is found.

9. The method for rapidly determining the occurrence of structural surfaces in inclined drilling videos using a projection method according to claim 1, wherein: In step seven, with the OB direction as the 0 direction on the drilling circle, when OB is rotated clockwise, one should observe downward from point A along the drilling axis.

10. The method for rapidly solving the structural surface occurrence in inclined drilling video using projection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 10, the orientation of the direction line is directly measured by the orientation measurement template in the three-dimensional mapping software, or the orientation line is projected onto the horizontal plane of the structural surface generated in step 3 to measure the inclination, and at the same time projected onto the vertical plane passing through the direction line to measure the inclination.

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