Flange bolt group damage identification method, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a flange bolt group damage identification method, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method is used for carrying out damage identification on a bolt on a target flange plate. A piezoelectric driving piece or a piezoelectric sensing piece is arranged between every two adjacent bolts on the target flange plate, and the piezoelectric driving piece and the piezoelectric sensing piece are arranged on the two sides of each bolt on the target flange plate respectively. The method comprises the following steps: controlling each piezoelectric driving sheet to sequentially excite an ultrasonic guided wave signal; receiving the ultrasonic guided wave signal by using each piezoelectric sensing sheet to obtain a real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal; for each real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal, extracting a real-time dominant frequency modal signal in the signal; based on the difference between the real-time dominant frequency modal signal and the reference dominant frequency modal signal, determining the damage condition of the bolt on the target flange plate; wherein the dominant frequency modal signal comprises a preset number of modal components with the maximum energy in the modal components corresponding to the ultrasonic guided wave signal. According to the method, the damage condition of each bolt can be accurately judged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bolt damage detection, and more particularly to a flange bolt group damage identification method, electronic equipment, and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Flange connections are the most common connection method in machinery, pipelines, aerospace, and nuclear power systems. Their tightening status is directly related to the system's sealing, structural integrity, and operational safety. Bolts, as the key load-bearing components of flange connections, are prone to problems such as insufficient preload, loosening, and breakage during long-term service or load-bearing. This type of damage not only reduces the rigidity and strength of the connection structure but can also cause gasket leakage, increased pipeline vibration, and even lead to media leaks, equipment failure, and safety accidents.

[0003] At present, there is an urgent need for an efficient, non-contact, intelligent recognition technology that can realize real-time monitoring and positioning quantitative analysis to improve the detection efficiency and reliability of the status of flange connection bolt groups.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention was proposed in consideration of the above-mentioned problems. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for identifying damage to a flange bolt group is provided, for identifying damage to bolts on a target flange; a piezoelectric drive plate or a piezoelectric sensor plate is disposed between two adjacent bolts on the target flange, and a piezoelectric drive plate and a piezoelectric sensor plate are disposed on both sides of each bolt on the target flange; the method comprises: Controlling each of the piezoelectric drive sheets to sequentially excite ultrasonic guided wave signals; Utilizing each of the piezoelectric sensor sheets to receive an ultrasonic guided wave signal to obtain a real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal; For the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal received by each of the piezoelectric sensor sheets, extracting the real-time main frequency modal signal in the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal; determining damage conditions of bolts on the target flange based on a difference between the real-time main frequency modal signal and a reference main frequency modal signal; The real-time main frequency modal signal includes a preset number of modal components with the largest energy among the modal components corresponding to the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal, and the reference main frequency modal signal includes a preset number of modal components with the largest energy among the modal components corresponding to the reference ultrasonic guided wave signal.

[0006] Exemplarily, determining the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange based on the difference between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal includes: Determining damage conditions of bolts on the target flange based on a damage rate and / or a root mean square deviation between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal; The damage rate is determined based on the real-time energy entropy of the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference energy entropy of the reference main frequency modal signal.

[0007] Exemplarily, determining the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange based on the damage rate and / or the root mean square deviation between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal includes: When the damage rate is greater than a damage rate threshold, and / or when the root mean square deviation is greater than a deviation threshold, it is determined that bolt damage exists on the target flange.

[0008] Exemplarily, the real-time energy entropy is determined by: Calculating the normalized energy ratio of each modal component in the real-time main frequency modal signal; Calculating the real-time energy entropy based on the normalized energy ratio; Preferably, the calculating of the normalized energy ratio of each modal component in the real-time main frequency modal signal includes: calculating the normalized energy ratio by the following formula: ; in, represents the normalized energy ratio; Indicates the first i The energy of the modal components; N Indicates the total number of modes in the real-time main frequency modal signal; Preferably, the calculation of the real-time energy entropy based on the normalized energy ratio includes: calculating the real-time energy entropy by the following formula: : .

[0009] Exemplarily, the damage rate is determined by the following formula: ; in, represents the damage rate; represents the real-time energy entropy; represents the reference energy entropy.

[0010] Exemplarily, the root mean square deviation between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal is determined by the following formula: ; in, represents the root mean square deviation; Indicates the first i modal components; Indicates the first i modal components.

[0011] Exemplarily, the determining the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange based on the difference between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal further includes: When it is determined that there is bolt damage on the target flange, the position of the damaged bolt is determined based on a signal transmission path corresponding to the real-time main frequency modal signal.

[0012] Exemplarily, extracting the real-time main frequency modal signal from the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal includes: performing variational modal decomposition on the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal to obtain multiple modal components; calculating the energy of each of the plurality of modal components; A preset number of modal components with the largest energy among the multiple modal components are selected to form the real-time main frequency modal signal.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, including a processor and a memory, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to execute the computer program to implement the above method.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, storing a computer program / instruction. When the computer program / instruction is executed by a processor, the method described above is implemented.

[0015] In this technical solution, by analyzing the difference between the real-time dominant frequency modal signal of the ultrasonic guided wave signal received by the piezoelectric sensor and the reference dominant frequency modal signal, the damage condition of each bolt on the target flange can be accurately determined, thereby providing a timely warning when bolt damage occurs. Applying this method in practical engineering projects can effectively improve the safety and maintenance efficiency of flange structures, reduce maintenance costs, extend equipment life, and enhance operational reliability.

[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are specifically listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through a more detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are provided to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components or steps.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing a target flange according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the positional arrangement of a piezoelectric driving piece and a piezoelectric sensing piece on a target flange according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A schematic flow chart showing a method for identifying flange bolt group damage according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0019] Among them, 110 is a target flange; 120 is a bolt; 130 is a piezoelectric driving piece; and 140 is a piezoelectric sensing piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein. Based on the embodiments of the present invention described in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for identifying damage to a flange bolt group is provided. The method is used to identify damage to bolts on a target flange. Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating a target flange according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the positional arrangement of the piezoelectric drive sheet and the piezoelectric sensor sheet on the target flange according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1-2 As shown, a piezoelectric driver plate 130 or a piezoelectric sensor plate 140 is disposed between two adjacent bolts 120 on the target flange 110, and a piezoelectric driver plate 130 and a piezoelectric sensor plate 140 are disposed on both sides of each bolt 120 on the target flange 110. In this case, the piezoelectric driver plates and the piezoelectric sensor plates are arranged in sequence to form a closed loop to form a detection array.

[0022] The piezoelectric driver and sensor plates can be made of any piezoelectric material. In this embodiment, the piezoelectric driver and sensor plates are both made of macrofiber composite (MFC) material. Therefore, the piezoelectric driver and sensor plates in this embodiment may also be referred to as MFC driver and sensor plates.

[0023] In such Figure 1 、 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the piezoelectric drive plate 130 and the piezoelectric sensor plate 140 are both disposed on the surface of the target flange 110. In embodiments not shown, the piezoelectric drive plate and the piezoelectric sensor plate may also be disposed on the side plates of the target flange or around the sealing ring of the target flange.

[0024] The piezoelectric driving plate and the piezoelectric sensing plate in this embodiment can be glued together with epoxy resin glue with bolts at intervals. After gluing, use an appropriate fixing device to press the driving plate and the sensing plate at 50-60°C for about 2 hours until they are firmly bonded. People in this field can understand the specific fixing method and will not elaborate on it.

[0025] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart showing a method for identifying damage to a flange bolt group according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the method may include step S310, step S320, step S330 and step S340.

[0026] In step S310, each piezoelectric driving plate is controlled to sequentially excite an ultrasonic guided wave signal.

[0027] The modal types of the ultrasonic guided wave signal in this embodiment include but are not limited to symmetrical and antisymmetrical Lamb wave modes, shear wave modes, etc. The number of periods and frequency of the excitation signal can be reasonably selected according to the dispersion curve of the bolt plate structure to be measured, and the present invention does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0028] In step S320 , each piezoelectric sensor piece is used to receive an ultrasonic guided wave signal to obtain a real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal.

[0029] like Figure 2As shown, each piezoelectric driver plate can be sequentially controlled to emit an ultrasonic guided wave signal. After each piezoelectric driver plate emits an ultrasonic guided wave signal, the two piezoelectric sensor plates closest to the piezoelectric driver plate can receive the ultrasonic guided wave signal and use the received ultrasonic guided wave signal as a basis for subsequently determining whether the bolt is damaged. Specifically, the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal can be used to detect the damage of the bolt between the piezoelectric sensor plate and the piezoelectric driver plate. For example, piezoelectric driver plate A is represented by the piezoelectric sensor plates B and C on either side. Bolt D is located between A and B, and bolt E is located between A and C. In this case, when A emits an ultrasonic guided wave signal, the ultrasonic guided wave signal received by B can be used as a basis for determining the damage status of D, and the ultrasonic guided wave signal received by C can be used as a basis for determining the damage status of E. In this case, using one piezoelectric driver plate to emit an ultrasonic guided wave signal at a time can provide a basis for determining the damage status of the bolts on both sides. By sequentially controlling each piezoelectric driver plate to emit an ultrasonic guided wave signal, the damage status of all bolts on the target flange can be determined.

[0030] In step S330, for the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal received by each piezoelectric sensor strip, the real-time main frequency modal signal in the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal is extracted; wherein the real-time main frequency modal signal includes a preset number of modal components with the largest energy among the modal components of the corresponding real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal.

[0031] The preset number can be selected based on actual needs; for example, it can be 3, 4, or more. In this embodiment, after obtaining the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal, the first few modes with the highest energy in the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal are selected as the basis for subsequent damage assessment. This selection is due to the fact that the ultrasonic guided wave excitation frequency is fixed, and these high-energy modes typically contain the primary guided wave response signal. Therefore, selecting a preset number of modal components with the highest energy as the real-time dominant frequency modal signal can reduce the amount of computation while ensuring the accuracy of the result, which helps to improve the efficiency of bolt damage assessment.

[0032] In step S340, the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange is determined based on the difference between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal; wherein the reference main frequency modal signal includes a preset number of modal components with the largest energy among the modal components of the corresponding reference ultrasonic guided wave signal.

[0033] The reference ultrasonic guided wave signal is a reference signal obtained by using the piezoelectric drive sheet and piezoelectric sensor sheet on each bolt on the target flange when the bolts are in a healthy state. In this case, each bolt corresponds to a different reference main frequency modal signal. The above embodiment in which the piezoelectric drive sheet is A is still used as an example. In this embodiment, when the bolt is in a healthy state, A emits an ultrasonic guided wave signal. At this time, the ultrasonic guided wave signal received by B is the reference ultrasonic guided wave signal for determining the damage condition of D, and the ultrasonic guided wave signal received by C is the reference ultrasonic guided wave signal for determining the damage condition of E. In other words, the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal on which step S340 is based, respectively, correspond to the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference ultrasonic guided wave signal, which can be considered as ultrasonic guided wave signals obtained using the same path (i.e., the same piezoelectric drive sheet and piezoelectric sensor sheet) in the real-time state and the healthy state, respectively.

[0034] In the present invention, the inventors took into account that the damage to the flange bolt group cannot be observed with the naked eye in the early stage. When ultrasonic guided waves encounter local structural discontinuities such as cracks, corrosion, loosening, and debonding during propagation, physical effects such as reflection, scattering, and mode conversion will occur, causing the received signal to change significantly. By analyzing these changes, it is possible to determine whether there is damage and its nature. Specifically, the above scheme can more accurately determine the damage status of each bolt on the target flange by analyzing the difference between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal of the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal received by the piezoelectric sensor, so that an early warning can be issued when the bolt is damaged. Applying this method to actual engineering can effectively improve the safety and maintenance efficiency of the flange structure, reduce maintenance costs, extend the service life of the equipment, and improve operational reliability.

[0035] Exemplarily, step S330, extracting the real-time main frequency modal signal from the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal, includes: performing variational modal decomposition on the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal to obtain multiple modal components; calculating the energy of each of the multiple modal components; and selecting a preset number of modal components with the largest energy among the multiple modal components to form the real-time main frequency modal signal.

[0036] Those skilled in the art can understand the specific process of variational mode decomposition. In a specific embodiment, the following method can be used to perform variational mode decomposition (VMD) on the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal; assuming that the signal sequence can be decomposed into K modal (IMF) components , each IMF component has its own center frequency and limited bandwidth. There is a minimum sum of bandwidth estimates, while satisfying K modal functions The sum is the original signal;

[0037]

[0038] Where: are the K modal components obtained by decomposition; is the frequency center of each component;

[0039] Introducing the quadratic penalty factor 𝛼 and the Lagrange multiplication operator :

[0040] The multiplication operator alternating direction method is used to Update for best results. The value of is as follows:

[0041] Where: Equivalent to ; Equivalent to In order to obtain the updated situation in the frequency domain, the above formula is subjected to the Parseval Fourier isometric transform:

[0042] make ,like , then the iteration ends. Finally, the optimal modal results are The IMF components are obtained by inverse Fourier transforming to the time domain. The number of modes, K, is determined based on the number of signal bands in the FFT spectrogram of the analysis signal to achieve a good decomposition. The penalty factor, 𝛼, refers to the average number of iterations required for each component to reach a stable center frequency. A smaller average number of iterations is used to improve the algorithm's computational efficiency.

[0043] In this embodiment, the determination of the two important parameters K and 𝛼 is not limited to the spectrum method and the empirical method, and can be other methods such as the kurtosis optimization method and the center frequency convergence method, which will not be described in detail.

[0044] Optionally, calculating the energy of each of the plurality of modal components includes calculating the energy of each modal component using the following formula: ; in, Indicates the k The energy of the modal components, Indicates the k modal components.

[0045] After determining the energy of each modal component, the modal components can be sorted by energy and the first few modal components with the highest energy are selected to form the real-time dominant frequency modal signal. This method helps reduce the amount of calculation while ensuring the accuracy of the results.

[0046] The method for obtaining the reference main frequency modal signal is similar to the method for obtaining the real-time main frequency modal signal, and will not be described in detail.

[0047] Exemplarily, step S340 determines the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange based on the difference between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal, including: determining the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange based on the damage rate and / or the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal; wherein the damage rate is determined based on the real-time energy entropy of the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference energy entropy of the reference main frequency modal signal.

[0048] In this example, the damage rate is determined based on the real-time energy entropy of the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference energy entropy of the reference main frequency modal signal. For example, the damage rate may be the ratio of the real-time energy entropy to the reference energy entropy. In another example, the damage rate may be the ratio of the difference between the real-time energy entropy and the reference energy entropy to the reference energy entropy.

[0049] In some embodiments of this example, the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange can be determined based on the damage rate. The greater the damage rate, the more serious the damage to the bolts. In other embodiments of this example, the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange can be determined based on the root mean square deviation. The larger the root mean square deviation, the greater the difference between the damage signal and the healthy signal, reflecting a more serious possible degree of damage. In still other embodiments of this example, the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange can be determined based on the damage rate and the root mean square deviation. Since damage may exhibit completely different signal characteristics in different locations, forms or degrees, relying solely on a single indicator is prone to misjudgment. The damage condition of the bolts can be determined more accurately based on the damage rate and the root mean square deviation.

[0050] In the above scheme, the damage rate and / or root mean square deviation (RMS) can be used to determine the damage status of the bolts on the target flange. The damage rate is determined by comparing the real-time energy entropy with the baseline energy entropy and can represent changes in energy entropy. Energy entropy analyzes the complexity and diffusion of the spectral distribution and is more sensitive to changes in frequency structure, making it suitable for identifying spectral damage signatures. RMS deviation primarily reflects changes in signal amplitude in the time domain and is suitable for capturing amplitude-related damage signatures such as waveform distortion. Both can accurately reflect bolt damage.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, when determining the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange based on the damage rate and / or root mean square deviation, the energy entropy and root mean square deviation can be jointly judged using a discrimination threshold method, a pattern recognition algorithm, or combined with engineering experience to improve the comprehensive recognition capability of the existence and severity of damage.

[0052] In other embodiments of the present invention, the quantification of the damage condition may not be limited to the damage rate and the root mean square deviation, but may also be indicators such as frequency center change, cross-correlation coefficient, etc., which will not be described in detail.

[0053] Exemplarily, based on the damage rate and / or the root mean square deviation between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal, the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange is determined, including: when the damage rate is greater than the damage rate threshold, and / or when the root mean square deviation is greater than the deviation threshold, determining that there is bolt damage on the target flange.

[0054] The damage rate threshold and the deviation threshold can be determined according to actual needs and will not be described in detail.

[0055] It can be understood that when determining the damage status of bolts on a target flange based on a single metric (damage rate or RMSD), the bolt damage status can be determined based on the comparison of that metric with the corresponding threshold. When determining the damage status of bolts on a target flange based on both the damage rate and RMSD, bolt damage can be determined when the damage rate is greater than the damage rate threshold or the root mean square deviation is greater than the deviation threshold. Alternatively, bolt damage can be determined when the damage rate is greater than the damage rate threshold and the root mean square deviation is greater than the deviation threshold. The specific selection can be made based on needs. For example, when higher accuracy and a lower false alarm rate are required, bolt damage can be determined when the damage rate is greater than the damage rate threshold and the root mean square deviation is greater than the deviation threshold. When higher sensitivity and a lower false alarm rate are required, bolt damage can be determined when the damage rate is greater than the damage rate threshold or the root mean square deviation is greater than the deviation threshold.

[0056] In some embodiments, upon determining that bolt damage exists on the target flange, the method may further include generating damage prompt information and / or a damage alarm. The damage prompt information may include damage rate, RMSD, and bolt location. Damage alarms include, but are not limited to, sound, light, and text alarms, which are not described in detail here.

[0057] Exemplarily, the real-time energy entropy is determined by: calculating the normalized energy ratio of each modal component in the real-time main frequency modal signal; and calculating the real-time energy entropy based on the normalized energy ratio.

[0058] In this embodiment, calculating the normalized energy ratio of each modal component in the real-time main frequency modal signal includes: calculating the normalized energy ratio using the following formula: ; in, represents the normalized energy ratio; Indicates the first i The energy of the modal components; N Indicates the total number of modes in the real-time main frequency modal signal; In this embodiment, the real-time energy entropy is calculated based on the normalized energy ratio, including: calculating the real-time energy entropy by the following formula : .

[0059] In some embodiments, FFT can be performed on the real-time main frequency modal signal to extract the frequency domain amplitude spectrum, divide the frequency range into multiple equal-width or customized sub-bands (for example, 500 Hz as an interval), calculate the energy of each frequency band, normalize and calculate the energy ratio, and finally calculate the energy entropy of each interval.

[0060] The calculation method of the baseline energy entropy is similar to that of the real-time energy entropy and will not be repeated here.

[0061] The above scheme can calculate the real-time energy entropy more accurately, thereby providing a more accurate basis for determining the damage condition of the bolt in subsequent steps.

[0062] Exemplarily, the damage rate is determined by the following formula: ; in, represents the damage rate; Represents real-time energy entropy; Represents the baseline energy entropy.

[0063] In this example, the damage rate is the ratio of the difference between the real-time energy entropy and the baseline energy entropy to the baseline energy entropy. This damage rate can accurately identify spectral damage characteristics and provide a more accurate basis for determining the bolt damage status.

[0064] Exemplarily, the root mean square deviation between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal is determined by the following formula: ; in, represents the root mean square deviation; Indicates the first i modal components; Indicates the first frequency in the reference main frequency modal signali modal components.

[0065] In some embodiments, the healthy and damaged signals can be aligned first. A unified time segment is then selected, and the mean of the squared difference between the two values ​​is calculated and then the square root is taken. Common segment selection strategies include aligning the start of the first wave packet and truncating the duration of the main wave packet, or excluding reflection segments and analyzing only the direct wave to ensure a valid comparison. Because RMSD is sensitive to time segment selection and signal alignment, preprocessing the signal before calculation can improve accuracy.

[0066] The RMSD of the above scheme can reflect the change of the signal amplitude in the time domain and can capture amplitude damage characteristics such as waveform distortion, thereby providing a more accurate basis for determining the damage condition of the bolt.

[0067] Exemplarily, based on the difference between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal, determining the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange also includes: when it is determined that there is bolt damage on the target flange, determining the position of the damaged bolt based on the signal transmission path corresponding to the real-time main frequency modal signal.

[0068] The signal transmission path can be represented by its starting and ending points. The starting point is the piezoelectric driver plate that excites the ultrasonic guided wave signal, and the end point is the piezoelectric sensor plate that receives the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal. The damaged bolt is located between the piezoelectric driver plate and the piezoelectric sensor plate.

[0069] After the above solution determines the presence of a damaged bolt, it can quickly and accurately locate the damaged bolt, allowing the user to repair the damaged bolt in a timely manner. This helps to further improve the service life and operational reliability of the equipment.

[0070] According to yet another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, an electronic device is provided. Figure 4 1 shows a schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device 400 includes a processor 410 and a memory 420. The memory 420 stores a computer program, and the processor 410 is configured to execute the computer program to implement the above method.

[0071] In some embodiments, the processor 410 may include a signal generation module 411, a signal acquisition module 412, a signal processing module 413, and a damage warning module 414. Figure 2In the illustrated embodiment, the piezoelectric driver plate 130 can be driven by a signal generation module 411. This module is capable of generating an excitation signal (such as a Gaussian envelope sine wave or frequency-modulated signal) with a specific frequency, waveform, and amplitude to excite Lamb waves propagating in the structure. The real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal collected by the piezoelectric sensor plate 140 can be acquired by a signal acquisition module 412. This module may include components such as a high-precision data acquisition (DAQ) card and a preamplifier, featuring high sampling rates and broadband characteristics, ensuring that the acquired waveform information is clear and can be used for subsequent analysis. In a specific embodiment, the signal generation module 411 is connected to the MFC driver plate during actual use and periodically transmits a single Gaussian envelope modulated ultrasonic guided wave signal to the driver plate. The signal passes through the bolt and is collected by the MFC sensor plate before being transmitted to the signal acquisition module 412, to which the sensor plate is connected.

[0072] Signal processing module 413 processes the collected raw guided wave signals, including denoising and filtering, normalization, modal decomposition (such as VMD), index calculation (such as energy entropy, RMS, and correlation coefficient), and comparative analysis of the results. This module compares the differences between the healthy and current states to extract damage-sensitive features, providing a data foundation for damage identification and assessment. In specific implementation, calculations can be performed using data collected in a calibrated healthy state (i.e., the baseline dominant frequency modal signal of the reference ultrasonic guided wave signal) and data from different damage states. The changes in the evaluation indicators are used to characterize the health of the flange bolt group.

[0073] The damage warning module 414 determines the structural health status based on the damage indicators output by the signal processing module. When damage characteristic indicators (such as a decrease in energy entropy or an increase in RMSD) exceed a set threshold, it automatically issues a damage alarm or prompt and displays information such as the possible location and severity of the damage, providing real-time warning and safety monitoring capabilities.

[0074] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided. The storage medium stores a computer program / instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method. The storage medium may include, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a USB memory, or any combination of the above storage media. The computer-readable storage medium may be any combination of one or more computer-readable storage media.

[0075] A person skilled in the art will readily understand the implementation structure, working principle, and beneficial effects of the electronic device and the computer-readable storage medium by reading the above method, and will not be described in detail here for the sake of brevity.

[0076] Although example embodiments have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the above example embodiments are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. All such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as claimed in the appended claims.

[0077] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0078] In the several embodiments provided herein, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is merely a logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods may be used. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be omitted or not implemented.

[0079] In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are described. However, it is understood that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description.

[0080] Similarly, it should be understood that in order to streamline the present invention and aid in understanding one or more of the various inventive aspects, in the description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the various features of the present invention are sometimes grouped together into a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, this approach to the present invention should not be interpreted as reflecting the intention that the claimed invention requires more features than those explicitly recited in each claim. More precisely, as reflected in the corresponding claims, the inventive point is that the corresponding technical problem can be solved with fewer features than all the features of a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim itself serving as a separate embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] Those skilled in the art will understand that, except where mutually exclusive, all features disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings), as well as all processes or units of any method or apparatus disclosed herein, may be combined in any combination. Unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by an alternative feature that provides the same, equivalent, or similar purpose.

[0082] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that although some embodiments described herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not other features, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the present invention and to form different embodiments. For example, in the claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.

[0083] The various component embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, as software modules running on one or more processors, or as a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in practice, a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) may be used to implement some or all of the functions of some modules in electronic devices according to embodiments of the present invention. The present invention may also be implemented as a device program (e.g., a computer program or computer program product) for performing part or all of the methods described herein. Such a program implementing the present invention may be stored on a computer-readable medium or in the form of one or more signals. Such signals may be downloaded from an Internet website, provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.

[0084] It should be noted that the above embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art may devise alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between brackets should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The present invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different elements and by means of appropriately programmed computers. In a unit claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third etc. does not indicate any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0085] The foregoing description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention or an illustration of a specific embodiment. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be readily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention are intended to be encompassed by the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for identifying damage to a flange bolt group, characterized in that: Used to identify damage to bolts on a target flange; a piezoelectric drive sheet or a piezoelectric sensor sheet is provided between two adjacent bolts on the target flange, and a piezoelectric drive sheet and a piezoelectric sensor sheet are provided on both sides of each bolt on the target flange; the method comprises: Controlling each of the piezoelectric drive sheets to sequentially excite ultrasonic guided wave signals; Utilizing each of the piezoelectric sensor sheets to receive an ultrasonic guided wave signal to obtain a real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal; For the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal received by each of the piezoelectric sensor sheets, extracting the real-time main frequency modal signal in the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal; determining damage conditions of bolts on the target flange based on a difference between the real-time main frequency modal signal and a reference main frequency modal signal; The real-time main frequency modal signal includes a preset number of modal components with the largest energy among the modal components corresponding to the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal, and the reference main frequency modal signal includes a preset number of modal components with the largest energy among the modal components corresponding to the reference ultrasonic guided wave signal.

2. The flange bolt group damage identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange based on the difference between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal includes: Determining damage conditions of bolts on the target flange based on a damage rate and / or a root mean square deviation between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal; The damage rate is determined based on the real-time energy entropy of the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference energy entropy of the reference main frequency modal signal.

3. The flange bolt group damage identification method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The determining of the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange based on the damage rate and / or the root mean square deviation between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal includes: When the damage rate is greater than a damage rate threshold, and / or when the root mean square deviation is greater than a deviation threshold, it is determined that bolt damage exists on the target flange.

4. The flange bolt group damage identification method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The real-time energy entropy is determined by: Calculating the normalized energy ratio of each modal component in the real-time main frequency modal signal; Calculating the real-time energy entropy based on the normalized energy ratio; Preferably, the calculating of the normalized energy ratio of each modal component in the real-time main frequency modal signal includes: calculating the normalized energy ratio by the following formula: ； in, represents the normalized energy ratio; Indicates the first i The energy of the modal components; N Indicates the total number of modes in the real-time main frequency modal signal; Preferably, the calculation of the real-time energy entropy based on the normalized energy ratio includes: calculating the real-time energy entropy by the following formula: : 。 5. The flange bolt group damage identification method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The damage rate is determined by the following formula: ； in, represents the damage rate; represents the real-time energy entropy; represents the reference energy entropy.

6. The flange bolt group damage identification method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The root mean square deviation between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal is determined by the following formula: ； in, represents the root mean square deviation; Indicates the first i modal components; Indicates the first i modal components.

7. The flange bolt group damage identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The determining of the damage condition of the bolts on the target flange based on the difference between the real-time main frequency modal signal and the reference main frequency modal signal further includes: When it is determined that there is bolt damage on the target flange, the position of the damaged bolt is determined based on a signal transmission path corresponding to the real-time main frequency modal signal.

8. The flange bolt group damage identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The extracting of the real-time main frequency modal signal from the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal comprises: performing variational modal decomposition on the real-time ultrasonic guided wave signal to obtain multiple modal components; calculating the energy of each of the plurality of modal components; A preset number of modal components with the largest energy among the multiple modal components are selected to form the real-time main frequency modal signal.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to execute the computer program to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that A computer program / instruction is stored, and when the computer program / instruction is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

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