Method for planting oilseed rape-sorghum-autumn cucumber through cooperation of oilseed rape, sorghum and vegetables

Abstract

The invention discloses an oilseed rape-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method based on cooperation of oilseed rape and vegetables, and the method comprises the following steps: sowing oilseed rape in late September; in late October, when the oilseed rape grows to 3-5 leaves, transplanting the oilseed rape to a field; sowing sorghum in the middle ten days of March of the next year; in early April of the next year, when sorghum grows to a three-leaf stage, transplanting; in the middle ten days of April of the next year, harvesting oilseed rape, and then threshing; in late July of the next year, harvesting sorghum, and then threshing; sowing autumn cucumbers in early August of the next year; and harvesting autumn cucumbers from late September to mid-October. Compared with a conventional planting mode, the rape yield can be increased by 4.7%, the sorghum yield can be increased by 6.8%, the total starch content and the amylopectin content of sorghum grains can be increased by 1% and 0.7% compared with rape and sorghum crop rotation, and the income per mu can be increased by 3519 yuan, 1743 yuan and 1132 yuan compared with oil field crop rotation, sorghum single cropping and rape-sorghum relay cropping. According to the planting method, variety selection is accurate, crop rotation connection is seamless, high economic benefits are achieved, and the planting enthusiasm of farmers can be promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to crop planting and cultivation technology, and particularly relates to a rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method in which oil, economic and vegetable crops are coordinated. Background Art

[0002] Rapeseed is a key oilseed crop, and the healthy development of the rapeseed industry is crucial for ensuring the security of my country's edible oil supply. Glutinous red sorghum, a key ingredient in the production of renowned liquors such as Wuliangye, enjoys strong market demand and economic value. Major rapeseed varieties are typically mid- to mid-early maturing, with a growing period of over 200 days, typically reaching maturity in late April or early May. However, the optimal transplanting period for major glutinous red sorghum varieties used for brewing is mid- to early-April, creating a significant dilemma.

[0003] Monocropping rapeseed or sorghum has low land utilization rates, while crop rotation results in delayed sowing and transplanting of sorghum, and differences in temperature and light conditions severely reduce its quality. Intercropping, however, improves land utilization and yield while ensuring sorghum quality meets winemaking needs. Existing intercropping techniques for rapeseed and sorghum, however, have a long intercropping period and slow sorghum seedling development. Conventional sorghum varieties are typically harvested in early August, leaving a land gap between early August and late October. This results in low land utilization and economic returns, and discourages farmers from planting.

[0004] Intercropping rapeseed with sorghum and rotating it with autumn cucumbers can achieve the coordinated development of oil, economic and vegetable crops. While ensuring the healthy development of the rapeseed industry, it can also generate income through the production of brewing sorghum and vegetables, thereby increasing farmers' enthusiasm for planting. However, the implementation of this planting system requires the combination of specific rapeseed and sorghum varieties and field management measures to ensure the normal planting of autumn cucumbers, reduce production costs, and maximize farmers' interests. Improper matching will lead to conflicts between crops or affect quality and yield. The existing Sichuan Province (Yibin City) local standard: Technical Specifications for Wide and Narrow Row Intercropping of Rapeseed and Sorghum only clarifies the planting technology for achieving rapeseed-sorghum intercropping, but this technology does not provide further technical guidance on the rotation of rapeseed-sorghum with autumn cucumbers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the serious planting crop contradictions in rapeseed-sorghum monoculture and rotation in the existing technology, and the low land utilization rate and economic benefits of intercropping, the present invention provides a rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method with coordinated oil, economic and vegetable planting. This method ensures the healthy development of the rapeseed industry and can achieve a dual-income planting model through intercropping sorghum and rotation of autumn cucumbers, thereby improving land utilization rate, reducing production costs, and increasing farmers' production benefits.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method for coordinated oil, vegetable, and vegetable cultivation, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Sow rapeseed in late September using a seedbed broadcasting method;

[0009] S2. In late October, when rapeseed reached the 4-5 leaf stage, it was transplanted to the field. The rapeseed-sorghum intercropping ratio was set at 2:2, with narrow rows of rapeseed 40 cm in spacing, wide rows 120 cm in spacing, and nests 32 cm apart. Each nest had two plants, and the rapeseed density was 5,000 plants per mu.

[0010] S3. In mid-March of the following year, sorghum was sown using seedling trays;

[0011] S4. Transplant sorghum in early April of the following year when it reaches the 3-leaf stage. Plant at a density of 6,500 plants / mu, with a row spacing of 50 cm, 35 cm from rapeseed, and a nest spacing of 26 cm, with two plants per nest.

[0012] S5. In mid-April of the following year, the rapeseed is harvested, dried in the field for 5-7 days to ripen, and threshed on a sunny day.

[0013] S6. In late July of the following year, harvest the sorghum, thresh it, and air-dry it until its moisture content drops to 13% or less.

[0014] S7. In early August of the following year, sow autumn cucumbers with a row spacing of 60 cm and a nest spacing of 40 cm. Sow 2 to 3 cucumbers per nest. Cover with 1 to 2 cm of soil after sowing and water to establish rooting.

[0015] S8. In mid-to-late August of the following year, thin out the seedlings, set the seedlings, and weed, leaving one strong seedling in each nest;

[0016] S9. In early September of the following year, set up a trellis to guide the vines. The trellis should be approximately 1.8 meters high and the vines should be tied every 30 cm. Water and fertilizer management should be strengthened to prevent pests and diseases.

[0017] S10. In mid-September of the following year, thin out flowers and fruits, retaining one healthy fruit per node, and strengthen water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control.

[0018] S11. Harvest autumn cucumbers from late September to mid-October of the following year; simultaneously sow rapeseed according to step S1;

[0019] S12. Transplant rapeseed according to S2 in late October of the following year, and repeat the cycle in the order of S1 to S11.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S1, a variety suitable for sowing in late September and transplanting in late October with a growth period earlier than 190 days is selected, a germination test is conducted 10 days before sowing to determine the germination rate; before sowing, 25% thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing agent is used and the seeds are mixed at a ratio of 1:200; the ratio of the nursery land to the field area is approximately 1:10, and the sowing amount per mu is 0.5 kg divided by the germination rate.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S3, a glutinous red sorghum variety is selected, which is suitable for sowing in mid-March, transplanting in early April, with a growing period of about 120 days and quality meeting the requirements of winemaking. A germination test is carried out 10 days before sowing to determine the germination rate; before sowing, 25% chlorpyrifos suspension seed dressing agent is used for seed coating at a ratio of 1:50, and seedlings are grown in seedling trays. The seedling tray matrix is ​​25% decomposed rape straw + 50% garden soil + 5% wood ash + 20% decomposed farmyard manure.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S6, after the sorghum ears are harvested, the rapeseed and sorghum stalks are cleaned and centrally composted to improve the resource utilization rate of the straw; then, 30 to 50 kg of quicklime and 0.5 kg of 50% thiram wettable powder are spread per mu, and after rotary tillage, 20 to 25 cm high ridges are made with a ridge width of 0.9 m and a ditch width of 0.3 m; 100 kg of composted rapeseed cake fertilizer and 30 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio) are spread per mu of the ridge surface and mixed with the soil as base fertilizer.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S7, a local autumn cucumber variety with resistance to continuous cropping, resistance to downy mildew, and a growth period of 65 to 70 days is selected; and before sowing, the seed is coated with 60% imidacloprid·thiram suspension dressing at a ratio of 1:50.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S8, 3 to 5 days after transplanting, decomposed manure water is applied at a rate of 500 kg per mu for better growth of the seedlings.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S9, the soil moisture content is maintained at 60% to 70%, and 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (10-15-20 ratio) is applied per acre, which is more conducive to promoting flowering and fruit setting.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S10, watering is preferably performed in the early morning or evening every 3 to 5 days.

[0027] Furthermore, in steps S9 and S10, 72% cymoxanil and 25% kresoxim-methyl can be used to control diseases such as downy mildew and powdery mildew, and 10% imidacloprid can be used to control pests such as aphids and thrips.

[0028] Furthermore, in step S11, 5 to 7 days before harvest, 800 kg of decomposed manure and 5 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu to promote fruit enlargement; it is best to cut the fruits with the stalks when picking, and then 15 kg of compound fertilizer (15-10-20 ratio) is applied per mu every 2 times of picking, and a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea is sprayed on the leaves to prevent premature aging and increase the number of picking times and yield.

[0029] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention provides a rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method that cooperates with oil, economic and vegetable crops. Compared with conventional planting methods, the rapeseed yield can be increased by 4.7%, the sorghum yield can be increased by 6.8%, and the total starch and amylopectin content of sorghum grains can be increased by 1% and 0.7% compared with rapeseed and sorghum rotation. Compared with rapeseed single cropping, sorghum single cropping and rapeseed-sorghum intercropping, the income per mu can be increased by 3,519 yuan, 1,743 yuan and 1,132 yuan respectively. This planting method has precise variety selection and seamless crop rotation, has high economic benefits, and can promote farmers' enthusiasm for planting. While ensuring the rapeseed planting area, promoting the healthy development of the rapeseed industry and the security of edible oil supply, it can increase farmers' income. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method for coordinated oil, economic and vegetable cultivation.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the color of sorghum grains in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0033] A rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method with coordinated oil, vegetable and vegetable production, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0034] S1. Sow rapeseed in late September and use seedling trays to raise seedlings. Select varieties that are suitable for sowing in late September and transplanting in late October, with a growth period of more than 190 days, and mix the seeds before sowing. The seedling tray has 32 holes, a diameter of 6-7 cm, and a depth of 10 cm. The matrix formula is 30% decomposed farmyard manure + 60% field soil + 10% decomposed straw. Sow 3-5 seeds in each hole, and thin out the seedlings when they reach the 2-leaf stage. Keep 2 strong seedlings in each hole. After 3-5 days, apply diluted decomposed manure water as topdressing. During this period, strengthen water management to keep the hole tray moist without water accumulation. Reduce watering 3-5 days before transplanting to keep the matrix slightly dry. While "hardening the seedlings", it is convenient to transplant with soil.

[0035] S2. In late October, when rapeseed has grown to 3-5 leaves, it is transplanted to the field. Before transplanting, apply 1000kg of decomposed straw or farmyard manure, 40kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio), and 1kg of borax per mu to the rapeseed planting belt. The rapeseed-sorghum intercropping row ratio is set at 2:2, the rapeseed narrow row spacing is 40cm, the wide row spacing is 120cm, the nest spacing is 32cm, there are 2 plants per nest, and the rapeseed planting density is 5000 plants / mu. When transplanting rapeseed seedlings to the field, transplant one hole in the seedling tray with soil to one nest in the field, and carry out water and fertilizer management, inter-cultivation and soiling, weeding, and pest and disease control in accordance with DB5115 / T117-2023.

[0036] S3. Sow sorghum in mid-March of the following year, raising seedlings in seedling trays. Mix the seeds before sowing and use seedling trays with the same specifications as in S1. The tray substrate consists of 25% decomposed rapeseed straw, 50% garden soil, 5% wood ash, and 20% decomposed farmyard manure. Sow 3-5 seeds per hole and transplant at the 2-leaf stage, leaving two strong seedlings per hole. Apply diluted decomposed manure as a topdressing 3-5 days after transplanting. Reduce watering 5-7 days before transplanting, keeping the substrate slightly dry.

[0037] S4. Transplant sorghum in early April of the following year, when it reaches the three-leaf stage. Plant at a density of 6,500 plants per mu (approximately 1 acre). Spacing rows 50 cm apart, 35 cm from rapeseed, and 26 cm apart. Transplant one hole in the seedling tray to another hole in the field. Before transplanting, apply 1,000 kg of composted straw or farmyard manure, 50 kg of wood ash, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio) per mu (approximately 1 acre) to the sorghum planting area.

[0038] S5. In mid-April of the following year, the rapeseed is cut and dried in the field for 5 to 7 days for ripening. It is threshed on a sunny day. The rapeseed branches and shells after threshing are piled together for composting.

[0039] S6. In late July of the following year, cut the sorghum ears, thresh it, and air-dry it until the moisture content drops to 13% or less. Clean the rapeseed and sorghum stalks and compost them centrally. Apply 30-50 kg of quicklime and 0.5 kg of 50% Thiram wettable powder per mu (approximately 1.5 to 2.5 cm) of soil. After rotary tillage, create 20-25 cm high beds, 0.9 m wide, and 0.3 m wide furrows. Apply 100 kg of composted rapeseed cake fertilizer and 30 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio) per mu (approximately 1.5 to 2.5 cm) of soil ...

[0040] S7. Sow autumn cucumbers using the direct seeding method in early August of the following year, with rows 60 cm apart and nests 40 cm apart. Sow 2-3 cucumbers per nest. Cover with 1-2 cm of soil after sowing and water to establish roots. Choose a local autumn cucumber variety that is tolerant to continuous cropping, resistant to downy mildew, and has a growing period of 65-70 days. Mix the seeds before sowing.

[0041] S8. In mid-to-late August of the following year, thin out the seedlings, transplant them, and weed, leaving one strong seedling in each nest. Apply diluted, well-rotted manure 3-5 days after transplanting, at a rate of 500 kg per mu.

[0042] S9. In early September of the following year, set up trellises to guide vines. The trellises should be approximately 1.8 meters high. Tie vines every 30 cm. Maintain soil moisture at 60% to 70%. Apply 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (10-15-20 ratio) per acre to promote flowering and fruiting. For downy mildew and powdery mildew, use 72% cymoxanil mancozeb and 25% kresoxim-methyl. For insect pests such as aphids and thrips, use 10% imidacloprid.

[0043] S10. In mid-September, thin out the flowers and fruits, leaving one healthy fruit on each node, and water the plants in the early morning or evening every 3 to 5 days.

[0044] S11. Harvest autumn cucumbers from late September to mid-October. Simultaneously, sow rapeseed according to step S1. Five to seven days before harvest, apply 800 kg of decomposed manure and 5 kg of potassium chloride per mu to promote fruit enlargement. Thereafter, apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer (15-10-20 ratio) per mu twice after each harvest. Spray the leaves with a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea to prevent premature aging and increase the number of harvests and yield.

[0045] S12. In late October, transplant rapeseed according to S2, and repeat the cycle in the order of S1 to S11.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] S1. On September 21, 2023, rapeseed was sown at the Daguan Experimental Base of the Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Sichuan Province. The rapeseed variety Nanyou 1983 (hybrid, growing period 187 days) was sown using seedling trays. Before sowing, 25% thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent was used at a ratio of 1:200. The seedling tray had 32 holes, a diameter of 6 cm, and a depth of 11 cm. The substrate formula was 30% decomposed farmyard manure + 60% field soil + 10% decomposed straw. 3 to 5 seeds were sown per hole. The seedlings were transplanted at the 2-leaf stage, with 2 strong seedlings retained per hole. After 3 to 5 days, diluted decomposed manure was applied as a topdressing agent. During this period, the hole tray was kept moist without water accumulation. Watering was reduced 3 to 5 days before transplanting to keep the substrate slightly dry.

[0048] S2. On October 25, 2023, rapeseed was transplanted to the field when it grew to 3-5 leaves. The pH value of field soil was 7.0, the organic matter content of the topsoil was 3.3%, the total nitrogen content was 1.31%, the available nitrogen was 5.8 mg / kg, the available phosphorus was 58.8 mg / kg, and the available potassium was 74.3 mg / kg. Before transplanting, 1000 kg of decomposed straw or farmyard manure, 40 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio), and 1 kg of borax were applied per mu in the rapeseed planting belt. The rapeseed-sorghum intercropping row ratio was set at 2:2, the rapeseed narrow row spacing was 40 cm, the wide row spacing was 120 cm, the nest spacing was 32 cm, there were 2 plants per nest, and the rapeseed planting density was 5000 plants / mu. When transplanting rapeseed seedlings to the field, transplant one hole in the seedling tray with soil to one hole in the field, and carry out water and fertilizer management, inter-row cultivation, weeding, and pest and disease control in accordance with DB5115 / T 117-2023.

[0049] Comparative Example 1 was set up with a nest spacing of 28 cm and a planting density of 6,000 plants per mu.

[0050] Comparative Example 2 was set up with a nest spacing of 23 cm and a planting density of 7,000 plants per mu.

[0051] S3. On March 15, 2024, sorghum was sown and seedlings were raised in seedling trays. The sorghum variety Yi Nuohong No. 4 (conventional variety, growing period 123 days) was used. Before sowing, 25% chlorpyrifos suspension seed dressing agent was used at a ratio of 1:50. Seedlings were raised in seedling trays. The specifications of the seedling trays were the same as those in S1. The seedling tray matrix was 25% decomposed rape straw + 50% vegetable garden soil + 5% wood ash + 20% decomposed farmyard manure. 3 to 5 seeds were sown in each hole, and the seedlings were transplanted at the 2-leaf stage, that is, 2 strong seedlings were retained in each hole. 3 to 5 days after transplanting, diluted decomposed manure was applied as topdressing. 5 to 7 days before transplanting, watering was reduced to keep the matrix slightly dry.

[0052] S4. On March 20, 2024, apply 1000 kg of composted straw fertilizer or farmyard manure, 50 kg of wood ash, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio) per mu (approximately 1 acre) to the sorghum planting zone. On April 2, 2024, transplant the sorghum. Spacing rows is 50 cm, with rows 35 cm from the rapeseed, and the spacing between rows is 26 cm. Plant two plants per row. Transplant one hole in the seedling tray, still in soil, to another hole in the field. Plant at a density of 6500 plants per mu (approximately 1 acre).

[0053] S5. On April 10, 2024, the rapeseed will be harvested and placed on rapeseed straw for ripening. On April 14, a sunny day, the rapeseed will be threshed and the plant residues will be concentrated for ripening.

[0054] S6. July 25, 2024, sorghum harvest.

[0055] The rapeseed yield of the embodiment is 176 kg / mu, while the rapeseed yield of comparative example 1 is 167 kg / mu and the rapeseed yield of comparative example 2 is 163 kg / mu. The sorghum yield of the embodiment is 344 kg / mu, while the sorghum yields of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are 322 kg / mu and 331 kg / mu respectively. The sorghum and rapeseed yields of the embodiment are significantly higher than those of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2. The existing Sichuan Province (Yibin City) local standard: Technical Specifications for Wide and Narrow Row Intercropping of Rape and Sorghum stipulates that the rapeseed planting density is 5000 to 6000 plants and the nest spacing is 28 to 33 cm. However, this embodiment proves that a nest spacing of 32 cm and a planting density of 5000 plants / mu can increase the rapeseed yield by 4.7% and the sorghum yield by 6.8% compared with a nest spacing of 28 cm and a planting density of 6000 plants / mu.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] S1. On September 21, 2023, rapeseed was sown at the Daguan Experimental Base of the Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Sichuan Province. The rapeseed variety Nanyou 1983 (hybrid, growing period 187 days) was sown using seedling trays. Before sowing, 25% thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent was used at a ratio of 1:200. The seedling tray had 32 holes, a diameter of 6 cm, and a depth of 11 cm. The substrate formula was 30% decomposed farmyard manure + 60% field soil + 10% decomposed straw. 3 to 5 seeds were sown per hole. The seedlings were transplanted at the 2-leaf stage, with 2 strong seedlings retained per hole. After 3 to 5 days, diluted decomposed manure was applied as a topdressing agent. During this period, the hole tray was kept moist without water accumulation. Watering was reduced 3 to 5 days before transplanting to keep the substrate slightly dry.

[0058] S2. On October 25, 2023, rapeseed was transplanted to the field when it grew to 3-5 leaves. The pH value of field soil was 7.0, the organic matter content of the topsoil was 3.3%, the total nitrogen content was 1.31%, the available nitrogen was 5.8 mg / kg, the available phosphorus was 58.8 mg / kg, and the available potassium was 74.3 mg / kg. Before transplanting, 1000 kg of decomposed straw or farmyard manure, 40 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio), and 1 kg of borax were applied per mu in the rapeseed planting belt. The rapeseed-sorghum intercropping row ratio was set at 2:2, the rapeseed narrow row spacing was 40 cm, the wide row spacing was 120 cm, the nest spacing was 32 cm, there were 2 plants per nest, and the rapeseed planting density was 5000 plants / mu. When transplanting rapeseed seedlings to the field, transplant one hole in the seedling tray with soil to one hole in the field, and carry out water and fertilizer management, inter-row cultivation, weeding, and pest and disease control in accordance with DB5115 / T 117-2023.

[0059] Set up comparative example 1: sorghum monoculture.

[0060] Comparative Example 2: Rapeseed-sorghum rotation, sorghum was sown on April 15, 2024, and transplanted on May 3.

[0061] S3. On March 15, 2024, sorghum was sown and seedlings were raised in seedling trays. The sorghum variety Yi Nuohong No. 4 (conventional variety, growing period 123 days) was used. Before sowing, 25% chlorpyrifos suspension seed dressing agent was used at a ratio of 1:50. Seedlings were raised in seedling trays. The specifications of the seedling trays were the same as those in S1. The seedling tray matrix was 25% decomposed rape straw + 50% vegetable garden soil + 5% wood ash + 20% decomposed farmyard manure. 3 to 5 seeds were sown in each hole, and the seedlings were transplanted at the 2-leaf stage, that is, 2 strong seedlings were retained in each hole. 3 to 5 days after transplanting, diluted decomposed manure was applied as topdressing. 5 to 7 days before transplanting, watering was reduced to keep the matrix slightly dry.

[0062] S4. On March 20, 2024, apply 1000 kg of composted straw fertilizer or farmyard manure, 50 kg of wood ash, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio) per mu (approximately 1 acre) to the sorghum planting zone. On April 2, 2024, transplant the sorghum. Spacing rows is 50 cm, with rows 35 cm from the rapeseed, and the spacing between rows is 26 cm. Plant two plants per row. Transplant one hole in the seedling tray, still in soil, to another hole in the field. Plant at a density of 6500 plants per mu (approximately 1 acre).

[0063] S5. On April 10, 2024, the rapeseed will be harvested and placed on rapeseed straw for ripening. On April 14, a sunny day, the rapeseed will be threshed and the plant residues will be concentrated for ripening.

[0064] S6. July 25, 2024, sorghum harvest.

[0065] The total starch content of the embodiment is 76.54%, and the amylopectin content is 98.78%, which are 1% and 0.7% higher than those of comparative example 2, as shown in Table 1. The color of sorghum grains is comparable to that of comparative example 1, and is redder than that of comparative example 2. Figure 2 shown.

[0066] Table 1 Comparison of starch and amylopectin contents in sorghum under different planting methods

[0067]

[0068] Example 3

[0069] S1. On September 21, 2023, rapeseed was sown at the Daguan Experimental Base of the Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Sichuan Province. The rapeseed variety Nanyou 1983 (hybrid, growing period 187 days) was sown using seedling trays. Before sowing, 25% thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent was used at a ratio of 1:200. The seedling tray had 32 holes, a diameter of 6 cm, and a depth of 11 cm. The substrate formula was 30% decomposed farmyard manure + 60% field soil + 10% decomposed straw. 3 to 5 seeds were sown per hole. The seedlings were transplanted at the 2-leaf stage, with 2 strong seedlings retained per hole. After 3 to 5 days, diluted decomposed manure was applied as a topdressing agent. During this period, the hole tray was kept moist without water accumulation. Watering was reduced 3 to 5 days before transplanting to keep the substrate slightly dry.

[0070] S2. On October 25, 2023, rapeseed was transplanted to the field when it grew to 3-5 leaves. The pH value of field soil was 7.0, the organic matter content of the topsoil was 3.3%, the total nitrogen content was 1.31%, the available nitrogen was 5.8 mg / kg, the available phosphorus was 58.8 mg / kg, and the available potassium was 74.3 mg / kg. Before transplanting, 1000 kg of decomposed straw or farmyard manure, 40 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio), and 1 kg of borax were applied per mu in the rapeseed planting belt. The rapeseed-sorghum intercropping row ratio was set at 2:2, the rapeseed narrow row spacing was 40 cm, the wide row spacing was 120 cm, the nest spacing was 32 cm, there were 2 plants per nest, and the rapeseed planting density was 5000 plants / mu. When transplanting rapeseed seedlings to the field, transplant one hole in the seedling tray with soil to one hole in the field, and carry out water and fertilizer management, inter-row cultivation, weeding, and pest and disease control in accordance with DB5115 / T 117-2023.

[0071] S3. On March 15, 2024, sorghum was sown and seedlings were raised in seedling trays. The sorghum variety Yi Nuohong No. 4 (conventional variety, growing period 123 days) was used. Before sowing, 25% chlorpyrifos suspension seed dressing agent was used at a ratio of 1:50. Seedlings were raised in seedling trays. The specifications of the seedling trays were the same as those in S1. The seedling tray matrix was 25% decomposed rape straw + 50% vegetable garden soil + 5% wood ash + 20% decomposed farmyard manure. 3 to 5 seeds were sown in each hole, and the seedlings were transplanted at the 2-leaf stage, that is, 2 strong seedlings were retained in each hole. 3 to 5 days after transplanting, diluted decomposed manure was applied as topdressing. 5 to 7 days before transplanting, watering was reduced to keep the matrix slightly dry.

[0072] S4. On March 20, 2024, apply 1000 kg of composted straw fertilizer or farmyard manure, 50 kg of wood ash, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio) per mu (approximately 1 acre) to the sorghum planting belt. On April 2, 2024, transplant the sorghum. Spacing rows is 50 cm, with rows 35 cm from rapeseed. Plantings are 26 cm apart, with two plants per planting. Plant one seedling per seedling tray, still in soil, and transplant to another seedling in the field. Plant density is 6500 plants per mu (approximately 1 acre).

[0073] S5. On April 10, 2024, the rapeseed will be harvested and placed on rapeseed straw for ripening. On April 14, a sunny day, the rapeseed will be threshed and the plant residues will be concentrated for ripening.

[0074] S6. On July 25, 2024, harvest sorghum. Clean the rapeseed and sorghum stalks and compost them centrally. Apply 30-50 kg of quicklime and 0.5 kg of 50% Thiram wettable powder per mu (approximately 1.5 to 2.5 cm) of soil. After rotary tillage, create 20-25 cm high beds, 0.9 m wide, and 0.3 m wide furrows. Apply 100 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 30 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio) per mu (approximately 1.5 to 2.5 cm) of soil ...

[0075] S7. Sow autumn cucumbers using the direct seeding method in early August of the following year, with rows 60 cm apart and nests 40 cm apart. Sow 2-3 cucumbers per nest. Cover with 1-2 cm of soil after sowing and water to establish roots. Choose a local autumn cucumber variety that is tolerant to continuous cropping, resistant to downy mildew, and has a growing period of 65-70 days. Mix the seeds before sowing.

[0076] S8. From August 19 to 21, 2024, carry out cucumber seedling thinning and weeding, and apply 500L of decomposed rapeseed cake and straw manure water per mu.

[0077] S9. Build trellises in late August 2024 and tie vines in early September. Apply 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (10-15-20 ratio) per acre. Build trellises at a height of approximately 1.8 meters, tie vines every 30 cm. Maintain soil moisture at 60% to 70%. Use 72% cymoxanil mancozeb to control downy mildew, and spray 10% imidacloprid to control aphids.

[0078] S10. In mid-September 2024, thin out the flowers and fruits, leaving one healthy fruit on each node, and water every 3 to 5 days in the early morning or evening.

[0079] S11. From late September to mid-October 2024, apply 800 L of decomposed manure per mu (approximately 1 acre) of water ...

[0080] Cost and revenue estimates for this example show a net profit of 4,018 yuan per mu. Individual farmers, without hiring labor, can achieve even higher incomes. Compared to rapeseed monoculture, sorghum monoculture, and rapeseed-sorghum intercropping, per-mu income increases by 3,519 yuan, 1,743 yuan, and 1,132 yuan, respectively, demonstrating significant economic benefits.

[0081]

[0082] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. All modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method for coordinated oil, vegetable and vegetable cultivation, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Sow rapeseed in late September using a seedbed broadcasting method; S2. In late October, when rapeseed reached the 3-5 leaf stage, it was transplanted to the field. The rapeseed-sorghum intercropping row ratio was set at 2:2, with narrow rows of rapeseed 40 cm in spacing, wide rows 120 cm in spacing, and nests 32 cm apart. Each nest had two plants, and the rapeseed density was 5,000 plants per mu. S3. In mid-March of the following year, sorghum was sown using seedling trays; S4. Transplant sorghum in early April of the following year when it reaches the 3-leaf stage. Plant at a density of 6,500 plants / mu, with a row spacing of 50 cm, 35 cm from rapeseed, and a nest spacing of 26 cm, with two plants per nest. S5. In mid-April of the following year, the rapeseed is harvested, dried in the field for 5-7 days to ripen, and threshed on a sunny day. S6. In late July of the following year, harvest the sorghum, thresh it, and air-dry it until its moisture content drops to 13% or less. S7. In early August of the following year, sow autumn cucumbers with a row spacing of 60 cm and a nest spacing of 40 cm. Sow 2 to 3 cucumbers per nest. Cover with 1 to 2 cm of soil after sowing and water to establish rooting. S8. In mid-to-late August of the following year, thin out the seedlings, set the seedlings, and weed, leaving one strong seedling in each nest; S9. In early September of the following year, set up a trellis to guide the vines. The trellis should be approximately 1.8 meters high and the vines should be tied every 30 cm. S10. In mid-September of the following year, thin out the flowers and fruits, leaving only one healthy fruit at each node. S11. Harvest autumn cucumbers from late September to mid-October of the following year; simultaneously sow rapeseed according to step S1; S12. Transplant rapeseed according to S2 in late October of the following year, and repeat the cycle in the order of S1 to S11.

2. The rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method of oilseed vegetable synergy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a variety suitable for sowing in late September and transplanting in late October with a growth period of more than 190 days is selected, a germination test is conducted 10 days before sowing, and a germination rate is determined; before sowing, 25% thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing is used at a ratio of 1:200; the ratio of the nursery plot to the field area is approximately 1:10, and the sowing amount per mu is 0.5 kg divided by the germination rate.

3. The rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method of oilseed, vegetable and vegetable cooperation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, a glutinous red sorghum variety is selected, which is suitable for sowing in mid-March, transplanting in early April, with a growing period of about 120 days and quality meeting the requirements for brewing. A germination test is carried out 10 days before sowing to determine the germination rate. Before sowing, 25% chlorpyrifos suspension seed dressing agent is used for seed coating at a ratio of 1:50, and seedlings are grown in seedling trays. The seedling tray matrix is ​​25% decomposed rape straw + 50% garden soil + 5% wood ash + 20% decomposed farmyard manure.

4. The rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method of oilseed, vegetable and vegetable cooperation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, after the sorghum ears are harvested, the rapeseed and sorghum stalks are cleaned and centrally composted to improve the resource utilization rate of the straw; then, 30 to 50 kg of quicklime and 0.5 kg of 50% thiram wettable powder are spread per mu, and after rotary tillage, 20 to 25 cm high ridges are made with a ridge width of 0.9 m and a ditch width of 0.3 m; 100 kg of composted rapeseed cake fertilizer and 30 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15 ratio) are spread per mu of the ridge surface and mixed with the soil as base fertilizer.

5. The rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method of oilseed, vegetable and vegetable cooperation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, a local autumn cucumber variety that is resistant to continuous cropping and downy mildew and has a growth period of 65 to 70 days is selected; and before sowing, the seed is coated with 60% imidacloprid·thiram suspension seed coating agent at a ratio of 1:

50.

6. The rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method of oilseed, vegetable and vegetable cooperation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S8, 3 to 5 days after transplanting, decomposed manure water is applied at a rate of 500 kg per mu for better growth of the seedlings.

7. The rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method of oilseed, vegetable and vegetable cooperation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S9, the soil moisture content is maintained at 60% to 70%, and 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (10-15-20 ratio) is applied per acre, which is more conducive to promoting flowering and fruit setting.

8. The rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method of oilseed, vegetable and vegetable cooperation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S10, watering is preferably performed in the early morning or evening every 3 to 5 days.

9. The rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method of oilseed, vegetable and vegetable cooperation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S9 and S10, 72% cymoxanil and 25% kresoxim-methyl can be used to control diseases such as downy mildew and powdery mildew, and 10% imidacloprid can be used to control pests such as aphids and thrips.

10. The rapeseed-sorghum-autumn cucumber planting method of oilseed, economic and vegetable cooperation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, 5 to 7 days before harvesting, 800 kg of decomposed manure and 5 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu to promote fruit enlargement; it is best to cut the fruits with the stalks when picking, and then 15 kg of compound fertilizer (15-10-20 ratio) is applied per mu every 2 picking times, and a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea is sprayed on the leaves to prevent premature aging and increase the number of picking times and yield.

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