Early warning and fire extinguishing system and method for electric automobile in underground garage

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fire early warning and fire extinguishing, and particularly relates to an early warning and fire extinguishing system and method for an electric vehicle in an underground garage, and the system comprises a buried fire monitoring and fire extinguishing system which is buried below a parking space; the fire extinguishing system control host is electrically connected with the buried fire monitoring and fire extinguishing system; the infrared correlation sensor is electrically connected with the fire extinguishing system control host, and the infrared correlation sensor is used for detecting the position of a vehicle; the alarm is electrically connected with the fire extinguishing system control host; the buried fire monitoring and fire extinguishing system is used for identifying a vehicle fire and extinguishing fire, and the host is controlled by the fire extinguishing system to enable the alarm to give an alarm; the buried fire monitoring and extinguishing system comprises a temperature detection module used for detecting the temperature of a battery at the bottom of a vehicle; the gas monitoring device is used for collecting and detecting air at a battery at the bottom of the vehicle, and the gas monitoring device is used for detecting and identifying gas concentration; the fire extinguishing part is used for spraying a fire extinguishing agent when the vehicle is on fire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fire warning and fire extinguishing, and in particular relates to an early warning and fire extinguishing system and method for electric vehicles in an underground garage. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid growth in production, sales, and ownership of new energy vehicles, the risk of fire accidents caused by them has become increasingly prominent. High-voltage batteries, as core components of new energy vehicles, feature complex cell structures, and their electrochemical performance and stability differ significantly from those of traditional fossil fuels. During use, battery fires can occur due to internal factors such as heat, overcharging, over-discharging, and short circuits, as well as external factors such as vehicle electrical failures. Furthermore, lithium battery fire prevention and control, as well as the selection of fire extinguishing agents, differ significantly from those of traditional vehicles. Electric vehicles burn rapidly, produce hot and toxic smoke, and are prone to chain chemical reactions during combustion, alternating combustion and explosion, posing a risk of high-voltage leakage. Furthermore, existing fire-fighting solutions for underground garages generally combine ceiling temperature and smoke sensors with automatic sprinkler systems. By the time these fire-fighting systems are activated, the fire has already spread, and they are unable to effectively suppress thermal runaway in the electric vehicle battery modules. Even after extinguishing the fire, it can still reignite. Furthermore, due to height restrictions within underground garages, firefighting vehicles cannot directly enter, increasing the potential for fire spread and making rescue operations more difficult and dangerous for firefighters. Underground garages are uniquely designed for storing cars side by side. Without early fire prevention and extinguishing measures, these cars can cause widespread fires, resulting in serious property damage. Therefore, providing an early warning and prevention system for electric vehicle fires in underground garages is a pressing issue for those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an early warning and fire extinguishing system and method for electric vehicles in an underground garage to solve the above problems.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] An early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage includes a parking space, a charging pile is provided on one side of the parking space, and further includes:

[0006] An underground fire monitoring and extinguishing system is buried under the parking space; a groove is dug in the parking space, and the underground fire monitoring and extinguishing system is arranged in the groove;

[0007] A fire protection system control host, electrically connected to the buried fire monitoring and extinguishing system;

[0008] an infrared beam sensor, which is provided on the fire protection system control host, is electrically connected to the fire protection system control host, and is used to detect the position of the vehicle;

[0009] An alarm device is electrically connected to the fire protection system control host;

[0010] The underground fire monitoring and extinguishing system is used to identify vehicle fires and extinguish them, and to control the host computer through the fire protection system to cause the alarm to sound an alarm;

[0011] The buried fire monitoring and extinguishing system includes:

[0012] Temperature detection module, used to detect the battery temperature at the bottom of the vehicle;

[0013] A gas monitoring device, used to collect and detect air at the battery on the bottom of the vehicle, and the gas monitoring device is used to detect the concentration of the marker gas;

[0014] The fire extinguishing unit is used to spray fire extinguishing agents when a vehicle catches fire.

[0015] Optionally, the temperature detection module includes:

[0016] Infrared detector 1, infrared detector 2, infrared detector 3 and infrared detector 4, wherein the center connecting lines of the infrared detector 1, the infrared detector 2, the infrared detector 3 and the infrared detector 4 form a diamond structure; the infrared detector 1, the infrared detector 2, the infrared detector 3 and the infrared detector 4 are distributed at the edge of the groove;

[0017] The detection ends of the infrared detector 1, the infrared detector 2, the infrared detector 3 and the infrared detector 4 are arranged toward the bottom of the vehicle;

[0018] The infrared detector 1, the infrared detector 2, the infrared detector 3 and the infrared detector 4 are all installed at the movable end of the lifting structure, and the fixed end of the lifting structure is fixed in the groove. During temperature detection, the lifting structure causes the infrared detector 1, the infrared detector 2, the infrared detector 3 and the infrared detector 4 to extend out of the groove.

[0019] Optionally, the lifting structure is an electric telescopic rod.

[0020] Optionally, the gas monitoring device includes:

[0021] a horizontal robotic arm, with a fixed end fixedly connected to the middle of the groove;

[0022] A gas sensor, fixedly connected to the movable end of the horizontal robotic arm, the gas sensor being used to detect CO, CO2, and HF gases;

[0023] An air sampling device is connected to the gas sensor and is fixed to the movable end of the horizontal robotic arm.

[0024] Optionally, the fire extinguishing unit includes:

[0025] Fire extinguishing nozzle 1, fire extinguishing nozzle 2, fire extinguishing nozzle 3 and fire extinguishing nozzle 4, wherein the fire extinguishing nozzle 1, the fire extinguishing nozzle 2, the fire extinguishing nozzle 3 and the fire extinguishing nozzle 4 are respectively arranged at the four corners of the groove, and the fire extinguishing nozzle 1, the fire extinguishing nozzle 2, the fire extinguishing nozzle 3 and the fire extinguishing nozzle 4 are arranged towards the bottom of the vehicle;

[0026] A dedicated centralized storage tank for fire extinguishing agent is connected to the fire extinguishing nozzle one, the fire extinguishing nozzle two, the fire extinguishing nozzle three and the fire extinguishing nozzle four through a fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe. A control valve is provided in the middle of the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe, and the control valve is electrically connected to the fire protection system control host.

[0027] Optionally, the first fire extinguishing nozzle, the second fire extinguishing nozzle, the third fire extinguishing nozzle and the fourth fire extinguishing nozzle are corrosion-resistant nozzles;

[0028] The fire extinguishing nozzle 1, the fire extinguishing nozzle 2, the fire extinguishing nozzle 3 and the fire extinguishing nozzle 4 are made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy.

[0029] Optionally, the nozzles of the fire extinguishing nozzle one, the fire extinguishing nozzle two, the fire extinguishing nozzle three and the fire extinguishing nozzle four are all connected to an ultrasonic atomizer.

[0030] Optionally, the groove has dimensions of 2000 mm in length, 800 mm in width and 150 mm in depth.

[0031] Optionally, the air sampling device is a micro air pump.

[0032] A method for using an early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage, using the above-mentioned early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage, includes the following steps:

[0033] Using the infrared sensor to detect whether there is a vehicle in the parking space;

[0034] After detecting that a vehicle is parked in the parking space, the temperature detection module is used to monitor the battery temperature at the bottom of the vehicle, and the temperature data is obtained and fed back to the fire protection system control host;

[0035] After the temperature detection module detects that the temperature data is abnormal, the gas monitoring device is used to collect gas in the abnormal battery temperature area, detect the concentration of the marker gas, and feed it back to the fire protection system control host;

[0036] When the concentration of the marker gas exceeds a specified threshold, the fire protection system control host activates the alarm and simultaneously activates the fire extinguishing unit to spray the fire extinguishing agent on the vehicle battery.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0038] During use, an infrared beam sensor is used to detect whether there is a vehicle in the parking space; after detecting that a vehicle is parked in the parking space, a temperature detection module is used to monitor the temperature of the battery at the bottom of the vehicle, and the temperature data is obtained and fed back to the fire protection system control host; after the temperature detection module detects that the temperature data is abnormal, a gas monitoring device is used to collect gas in the area where the battery temperature is abnormal, and the concentration of the marker gas is detected and fed back to the fire protection system control host; after the concentration of the marker gas exceeds a specified threshold, the fire protection system control host activates the alarm and simultaneously activates the fire extinguishing unit to spray fire extinguishing agent on the vehicle battery. By installing this system on the parking space, the present invention can effectively suppress early fires in electric vehicles and prevent them from spreading into large-scale fires by continuously monitoring the battery modules in the chassis of electric vehicles at multiple levels and accurately extinguishing fires. The fire protection system has a simple structure and is installed in an embedded manner below the center of the parking space. The system is buried underground when the vehicle enters or leaves, and continuously monitors after it is completely parked in the parking space without affecting the normal parking of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive work.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a plan layout diagram of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the system of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air-water coordinated fire extinguishing assembly in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas fire extinguishing unit in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0046] Among them, 1. Alarm; 2. Fire protection system control host; 3. Infrared counter-radiation sensor; 4. Charging pile; 5. Buried fire monitoring and fire extinguishing system; 6. Infrared detector one; 7. Infrared detector two; 8. Infrared detector three; 9. Infrared detector four; 10. Fire sprinkler one; 11. Fire sprinkler two; 12. Fire sprinkler three; 13. Fire sprinkler four; 14. Horizontal robotic arm; 15. Gas monitoring device; 16. Fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe; 17. Control valve; 18. Dedicated centralized storage tank for fire extinguishing agent; 23. Gas fire extinguishing unit; 24. Snake-shaped robotic arm; 25. Robotic arm storage box; 26. Water-based fire extinguishing nozzle; 27. Pitch adjustment device; 28. Rotating platform; 29. ​​Locking slider; 30. High-precision linear guide group; 31. Gas fire extinguishing agent injection port; 32. Gas propellant injection port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] Reference Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment discloses an early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage, including a parking space, a charging pile 4 provided on one side of the parking space, and further comprising:

[0051] The underground fire monitoring and fire extinguishing system 5 is buried under the parking space; a groove is dug at the parking space, and the underground fire monitoring and fire extinguishing system 5 is arranged in the groove;

[0052] The fire protection system control host 2 is electrically connected to the underground fire monitoring and extinguishing system 5;

[0053] The infrared radiation sensor 3 is provided on the fire protection system control host 2. The infrared radiation sensor 3 is electrically connected to the fire protection system control host 2. The infrared radiation sensor 3 is used to detect the position of the vehicle;

[0054] The alarm 1 is electrically connected to the fire protection system control host 2;

[0055] The underground fire monitoring and extinguishing system 5 is used to identify vehicle fires and extinguish them, and to control the host computer 2 through the fire protection system to cause the alarm 1 to sound an alarm;

[0056] The buried fire monitoring and extinguishing system 5 includes:

[0057] Temperature detection module, used to detect the battery temperature at the bottom of the vehicle;

[0058] A gas monitoring device 15 is used to collect and detect air from the battery at the bottom of the vehicle. The gas monitoring device 15 is used to detect the concentration of the marker gas;

[0059] The fire extinguishing unit is used to spray fire extinguishing agents when a vehicle catches fire.

[0060] During use, the infrared radiation sensor 3 detects whether there is a vehicle in the parking space; after detecting that a vehicle is parked in the parking space, the temperature detection module is used to monitor the temperature of the battery under the vehicle, and the temperature data is fed back to the fire protection system control host 2; after the temperature detection module detects abnormal temperature data, the gas monitoring device 15 is used to collect gas in the abnormal battery temperature area, detect the concentration of the marker gas, and feed it back to the fire protection system control host 2; when the marker gas concentration exceeds the specified threshold, the fire protection system control host 2 activates the alarm 1 and simultaneously activates the fire extinguishing unit to spray fire extinguishing agent on the vehicle battery. By installing this system in the parking space, the present invention can effectively suppress early fires in electric vehicles by continuously monitoring the battery modules in the chassis of electric vehicles at multiple levels and accurately extinguishing fires, preventing them from spreading into large-scale fires. The fire protection system has a simple structure and is installed in an embedded manner below the center of the parking space. When the vehicle enters or leaves, the system is buried underground and continuously monitors after it is fully parked in the parking space, without affecting the normal parking of the vehicle.

[0061] This system includes an underground fire monitoring and extinguishing system 5, which includes three parts: a temperature monitoring system, a gas monitoring system, and a fire extinguishing system. It is installed underground in a dedicated parking space for electric vehicles and is pre-buried in the center of the parking space using a concave trough with a size of 2000×800×150mm. The protective cover on the top of the trough is made of 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 5mm and a pressure bearing capacity of ≥15 tons. The trough is filled with food-grade silicone grease with a viscosity of 5000cSt to block the intrusion of water vapor. The inner wall is sprayed with a nano-ceramic coating with a temperature resistance of 1200℃.

[0062] The buried system can efficiently monitor the battery part at the bottom of the electric vehicle and accurately extinguish fires while avoiding the system affecting the normal parking of the vehicle.

[0063] As an optional implementation, the temperature detection module includes:

[0064] Infrared detector 1 6, infrared detector 2 7, infrared detector 3 8 and infrared detector 4 9, the central connecting lines of infrared detector 1 6, infrared detector 2 7, infrared detector 3 8 and infrared detector 4 9 form a diamond structure; infrared detector 1 6, infrared detector 2 7, infrared detector 3 8 and infrared detector 4 9 are distributed at the edges of the groove;

[0065] The detection ends of the infrared detector 1 6, the infrared detector 2 7, the infrared detector 3 8 and the infrared detector 4 9 are arranged toward the bottom of the vehicle;

[0066] Infrared detector 1 6, infrared detector 2 7, infrared detector 3 8 and infrared detector 4 9 are all installed at the movable end of the lifting structure, and the fixed end of the lifting structure is fixed in the groove. During temperature detection, the lifting structure causes infrared detector 1 6, infrared detector 2 7, infrared detector 3 8 and infrared detector 4 9 to extend out of the groove.

[0067] As an optional implementation, the lifting structure is an electric telescopic rod.

[0068] The temperature monitoring system uses an infrared thermal imaging array device, which consists of four groups of infrared detectors with a resolution of 640×480, namely infrared detector one 6, infrared detector two 7, infrared detector three 8 and infrared detector four 9. The four groups of infrared detectors are deployed in a diamond array with a horizontal spacing of 1.2m from front to back and a horizontal spacing of 0.5m from left to right. The infrared detectors are installed on a tiltable and rotating pan-tilt platform in the tank. The detection angle is 45° elevation, covering a conical area with a radius of 1.8m. It is usually embedded 10cm below the ground and rises to 5-8cm from the chassis when working, which can completely cover the bottom of the electric vehicle. The working wavelength is selected as 8-14μm, which is suitable for metal surfaces. The frame rate is selected at 30Hz to monitor the temperature changes at the bottom of the electric vehicle in real time and generate infrared thermal images.

[0069] As an optional embodiment, the gas monitoring device 15 includes:

[0070] A horizontal robotic arm 14, with a fixed end fixed to the middle of the groove;

[0071] A gas sensor is fixed to the movable end of the horizontal robotic arm 14. The gas sensor is used to detect CO, CO2, and HF gases;

[0072] The air sampling device is connected to the gas sensor and is fixed to the movable end of the horizontal robotic arm 14 .

[0073] The gas monitoring device 15 consists of a gas sensor, an air sampling device, a vertical ejection module, and a horizontal robotic arm 14, which is mounted one-third of the way back from the centerline of the tank. The gas sensor is primarily used to detect signature gases such as CO, CO2, and HF. The air sampling device uses a micro-pump to actively draw target gas from critical locations, such as battery pack gaps and pressure relief valves, into the sensor reaction chamber through negative pressure adsorption at -80 kPa, improving gas monitoring accuracy.

[0074] Since the specific locations of battery packs vary among different vehicle models, this system uses a design that combines vertical pop-up with horizontal extension of the robotic arm. Based on the infrared temperature field data, the robotic arm is controlled to move the probe to the vicinity of the high-temperature area to improve the accuracy of the gas measurement data.

[0075] As an optional embodiment, the fire extinguishing unit includes:

[0076] Fire sprinkler head 10, fire sprinkler head 2 11, fire sprinkler head 3 12 and fire sprinkler head 4 13, fire sprinkler head 10, fire sprinkler head 2 11, fire sprinkler head 3 12 and fire sprinkler head 4 13 are respectively arranged at the four corners of the groove, and fire sprinkler head 10, fire sprinkler head 2 11, fire sprinkler head 3 12 and fire sprinkler head 4 13 are arranged towards the bottom of the vehicle;

[0077] A dedicated centralized storage tank 18 for fire extinguishing agent is connected to fire extinguishing nozzle 10, fire extinguishing nozzle 2 11, fire extinguishing nozzle 3 12 and fire extinguishing nozzle 4 13 through a fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe 16. A control valve 17 is provided in the middle of the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe 16, and the control valve 17 is electrically connected to the fire protection system control host 2.

[0078] As an optional embodiment, the fire extinguishing nozzle 10, the fire extinguishing nozzle 2 11, the fire extinguishing nozzle 3 12 and the fire extinguishing nozzle 4 13 are corrosion-resistant nozzles;

[0079] The fire sprinkler head 10, the fire sprinkler head 2 11, the fire sprinkler head 3 12 and the fire sprinkler head 4 13 are made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy.

[0080] As an optional embodiment, the nozzles of fire extinguishing nozzle 10, fire extinguishing nozzle 2 11, fire extinguishing nozzle 3 12 and fire extinguishing nozzle 4 13 are all connected to ultrasonic atomizers.

[0081] As an optional embodiment, the groove dimensions are 2000 mm in length, 800 mm in width, and 150 mm in depth.

[0082] As an optional embodiment, the air sampling device is a micro air pump.

[0083] The fire extinguishing system consists of four corrosion-resistant nozzles made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, a fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe 16, a control valve 17, and a dedicated centralized fire extinguishing agent storage tank 18. The four corrosion-resistant nozzles are located at the four corners of the tank, namely, Fire Nozzle 10, Fire Nozzle 2 11, Fire Nozzle 3 12, and Fire Nozzle 4 13. The nozzles use atomizing nozzles with an integrated 40kHz ultrasonic atomizer, producing particle sizes less than 10μm, to improve the dispersion efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0084] Furthermore, each nozzle can be rotated 180° horizontally and adjusted in pitch from 0° to 45°. The spray modes include high-pressure suppression and continuous atomization. The high-pressure suppression mode will spray fire extinguishing agent at 1L / s for 10 seconds to quickly suppress the fire. The atomization maintenance mode will continuously spray fire extinguishing agent at 0.5L / s to prevent re-ignition.

[0085] The fire extinguishing agent chosen was perfluorohexanone NOVEC 1230 solution. Due to its strong insulation, non-conductivity, high fire extinguishing efficiency, and non-corrosive properties, it has been widely used in new energy battery applications, such as energy storage power plants and battery manufacturers. The dedicated centralized fire extinguishing agent storage tank, constructed of 304 stainless steel with a 2.5 MPa pressure resistance and treated for corrosion, was installed in a separate fireproof compartment adjacent to the garage. It was connected to each fire protection system via a looped pipeline, with a capacity designed to be equal to the number of protected parking spaces x 50L.

[0086] A fire control system host 2 is located behind the parking space. It is connected to the temperature monitoring system, gas monitoring device 15, and fire extinguishing system, and is used to control the operation of the monitoring and fire extinguishing systems. The fire control system host 2 is connected to the garage's built-in fire protection devices and the fire department via a network. When the monitoring system detects temperature anomalies, the concentration of thermal runaway gas reaches a threshold, and the fire extinguishing system is activated, it promptly sends relevant data information to the fire department and issues an alarm. The automatic sprinkler system and smoke control system are also activated. An infrared beam sensor 3 is located above the fire control system host 2, which monitors vehicle presence through beam obstruction detection. An audible and visual alarm is located next to the host device to alert people in the garage to evacuate quickly.

[0087] A method for using an early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage, using the above-mentioned early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage, includes the following steps:

[0088] Use infrared radiation sensor 3 to detect whether there is a vehicle in the parking space;

[0089] After detecting that a vehicle is parked in a parking space, the temperature detection module is used to monitor the battery temperature at the bottom of the vehicle, and the temperature data is fed back to the fire protection system control host 2;

[0090] After the temperature detection module detects abnormal temperature data, it uses the gas monitoring device 15 to collect gas in the abnormal battery temperature area, detects the concentration of the identified gas and feeds it back to the fire protection system control host 2;

[0091] When the concentration of the marker gas exceeds the specified threshold, the fire protection system control host 2 activates the alarm 1 and simultaneously activates the fire extinguishing unit to spray the fire extinguishing agent on the vehicle battery.

[0092] A method for parking space fire warning and control specifically includes the following steps:

[0093] Step 101 , monitor whether there is a vehicle. If so, enter method 102 . If not, the entire system enters a low-power standby state, and the sensor continuously monitors whether there is a parked vehicle.

[0094] Step 102 , continuously monitor the chassis temperature of the vehicle. If there is a point where the temperature or the temperature rise rate reaches a threshold, proceed to step 103 . If not, continue to monitor the chassis temperature.

[0095] Threshold: Temperature ≥ 120°C or temperature rise rate ≥ 1°C / s.

[0096] Step 103, based on the data detected by the sensor, an infrared temperature field image is generated and the gas monitoring device 15 pops up. The sensor continuously monitors the thermal runaway gas concentration at the high temperature point. If a certain thermal runaway gas concentration threshold is reached, step 104 is entered. If not, the gas concentration continues to be monitored.

[0097] Threshold: CO2 concentration ≥ 0.1 Vol.% or HF concentration > 0 Vol.% or CO concentration ≥ 0.05 Vol.%

[0098] In step 104, the on-site sound and light alarm system continuously sounds an alarm. Simultaneously, the system automatically reports the data to the relevant fire department and issues an alarm. The on-site fire extinguishing system continuously sprays extinguishing agent based on the infrared temperature field image and interacts with the external firefighting system.

[0099] The use process of the present invention is as follows:

[0100] When infrared sensor 3 detects a parked vehicle, the host computer controls the infrared thermal imaging array to begin operation. Infrared detectors 1, 2, 3, and 4 are raised to the ground via a pan / tilt platform for continuous monitoring. Thermal images and data are transmitted back to the control host in real time. When the temperature or temperature rise rate at a certain point exceeds a threshold, gas monitoring device 15 begins operation. It is ejected via a vertical ejection module and brought close to the abnormal temperature point via a horizontal robotic arm 14. The gas monitoring device consists of a gas sensor and an air sampling device. The air sampling device continuously extracts gas from the upper portion of the sensor reaction chamber to accurately monitor gases that indicate thermal runaway. When a battery thermal runaway standard gas is detected exceeding the threshold, the audible and visual alarm 1 immediately sounds an alarm, prompting personnel near the parking space to evacuate quickly to the outside of the garage. Simultaneously, the fire host computer reports the temperature and gas data to the relevant fire department in real time and issues an alarm. The fire department promptly travels to the fire location and takes effective measures based on the data.

[0101] The fire extinguishing system consists of fire sprinkler head 10, fire sprinkler head 2 11, fire sprinkler head 3 12, fire sprinkler head 4 13, a dedicated centralized fire extinguishing agent storage tank 18, and a control valve 17, all connected by a fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe 16. When the gas monitoring device detects that the thermal runaway standard gas exceeds the threshold, the fire extinguishing system will start to operate simultaneously. The fire sprinkler head is ejected to the ground through a vertical ejection device. The control host controls its horizontal rotation and pitch adjustment to accurately locate the point of thermal runaway. The valve flow rate is adjusted to achieve two spray modes: high-pressure suppression and continuous atomization, continuously spraying perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent. At the same time, based on the changes in temperature data measured by the infrared thermal imaging array, if the temperature continues to rise and the fire expands, the automatic sprinkler system and smoke exhaust system in the warehouse will be promptly activated to further prevent the fire from expanding into a large-scale fire, realizing early warning and fire extinguishing of electric vehicle lithium battery fires.

[0102] Example 2:

[0103] refer to Figures 4 to 6 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the fire extinguishing unit includes air-water coordinated fire extinguishing components arranged around the parking space, and the four air-water coordinated fire extinguishing components are symmetrically arranged in pairs. The air-water coordinated fire extinguishing components include:

[0104] The high-precision linear guide rail assembly 30 has a fixed end fixedly connected to the parking space, and a movable end of the high-precision linear guide rail assembly 30 is fixedly connected to the platform plate.

[0105] The robotic arm storage box 25 is fixedly connected to the platform plate. The fixed end of the serpentine robotic arm 24 is fixedly connected to the top of the robotic arm storage box 25 , and the movable end of the serpentine robotic arm 24 is fixedly connected to the gas fire extinguishing unit 23 .

[0106] The rotating platform 28 is rotatably arranged on the platform plate. The fixed end of the pitch adjustment device 27 is fixedly connected to the rotating platform 28 , and the movable end of the pitch adjustment device 27 is fixedly connected to the water-based fire extinguishing nozzle 26 .

[0107] The pitch adjustment device 27 includes a pitch plate, which is hinged on the movable end of the rotating platform 28. One end of the pitch plate is fixedly connected to gear 1, which is engaged with gear 2. The gear 2 shaft is connected to the movable end of the servo motor, and the fixed end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the movable end of the rotating platform 28.

[0108] The high-precision linear guide assembly 30 comprises two symmetrically arranged high-precision linear guides, each of which is connected to two locking sliders 29. These sliders are secured to the platform plate. The high-precision linear guides drive the locking sliders 29, which in turn move the platform plate. Once the platform plate reaches the desired position, the locking sliders 29 and the high-precision linear guides lock securely. The high-precision linear guide assembly 30 enables the platform plate to move horizontally relative to the parking space floor.

[0109] The gas fire extinguishing unit 23 includes a gas fire extinguishing nozzle, which includes a gas fire extinguishing agent injection port 31 and a gas propellant injection port 32 .

[0110] In the above device, the gas-water coordinated fire extinguishing assembly is connected to the fire extinguishing agent dedicated centralized storage tank 18. The gas-water coordinated fire extinguishing assembly is divided into two parts: the upper fire extinguishing device assembly and the lower mobile platform.

[0111] The water-based fire sprinkler 26, located inside the mobile platform, extinguishes external flames with a water-based fire extinguishing agent and continuously cools the electric vehicle chassis, preventing the fire from spreading and suppressing the spread of thermal runaway. The water-based fire sprinkler 26 utilizes a shape-memory alloy and piezoelectric ceramic composite material, dynamically adjusting the nozzle diameter based on the fire temperature. At low temperatures, the nozzle maintains a standard diameter (3mm) for conventional atomization. When the local temperature exceeds 100°C, the shape-memory alloy triggers deformation, expanding the nozzle to 8mm and switching to a high-pressure jet mode, enhancing fire extinguishing and chassis cooling efficiency. Intelligent materials enable diameter change without mechanical transmission, resulting in a millisecond-level response speed.

[0112] The gas fire extinguishing device is located on the outside of the mobile platform and uses gas fire extinguishing agents to accurately extinguish battery modules that have thermal runaway inside the chassis. The gas fire extinguishing device consists of a serpentine robotic arm 24, a gas fire extinguishing unit 23, and auxiliary devices. The serpentine robotic arm 24 adopts a mechanical design based on a rope-driven serpentine robotic arm (publication number CN116713982A) with an advance-retractable inner skeleton and a telescopic arm body shell. It includes a robotic arm body and a robotic arm storage base, with a 6-degree-of-freedom design (pitch, yaw, and rotation). It can bypass obstacles such as brackets and wiring harnesses, and has a minimum penetration gap of 5mm, which can adapt to complex spatial structures. At the same time, the storage base saves storage space, realizes miniaturization of the equipment, and is suitable for operations in the narrow space of the electric vehicle chassis.

[0113] The gas fire extinguishing unit 23 is an integrated liquid perfluorohexanone central jet port (penetration speed 20m / s) and a gaseous nitrogen boost jet port at the top end of the robotic arm. The central perfluorohexanone jet port has a diameter of 2mm and is made of silicon carbide ceramic (temperature resistant to 1600°C). It has a built-in piezoelectric ceramic microvalve to control its switch. The gaseous boost jet port is 0.5mm wide and has a nitrogen boost pressure of 0.8MPa. The nitrogen booster is released to push the liquid perfluorohexanone into the chassis and cause it to instantly vaporize and diffuse near the thermal runaway battery module, effectively extinguishing the internal fire. When the gas fire extinguishing device is in operation, based on the multiple gas concentration points provided by the gas monitoring device, the coordinates of the chassis gas leakage crack are accurately located through a gradient ascent optimization algorithm. The robotic arm automatically tracks the crack, and the end jet is stuck in the crack mouth, continuously spraying gas fire extinguishing agent inward.

[0114] Method for accurately locating chassis gap points using gradient ascent optimization algorithm:

[0115] Assuming the point with the highest monitored concentration (x0, y0) is the leakage gap point, the concentration c(x, y) at any position (x, y) can be expressed as:

[0116]

[0117] Where Q represents the leakage source intensity (the specific value is the concentration threshold of any monitored gas)

[0118] According to the gas monitoring device, there are N measuring points (x1, y1), (x2, y2), ..., (xn, yn) near the high temperature point, and the corresponding thermal runaway gas concentration values ​​are C1, C2, .., Cn.

[0119] The error function is defined as:

[0120]

[0121] The position (x0, y0) is iteratively updated through the gradient ascent optimization algorithm, gradually approaching the actual leakage gap point.

[0122] Calculate the partial derivatives of the error function E with respect to x0 and y0 respectively:

[0123]

[0124] Iteratively update the leak point coordinates:

[0125]

[0126] Where α is the learning rate. The learning rate is a key parameter in the gradient ascent algorithm. It determines the step size of each parameter update. The size of the learning rate directly affects the convergence speed and effect of the gradient ascent algorithm. For the thermal runaway scenario of electric vehicle batteries, the learning rate α is considered to be 0.01~0.1.

[0127] The iteration termination condition is that the error change is less than the error change tolerance. The error change tolerance is generally 10-4-10-8. The final output result (x0, y0) is used as the leakage source location.

[0128] The platform plate is moved parallel to the ground via high-precision linear guides driven by a DC servo motor for rapid response. A locking slider 29 securely holds the platform plate in place once adjusted. An infinitely rotating platform 28 with a turbine mechanism is located between the platform plate and the water-based fire sprinkler nozzle 26. This rotating platform utilizes IKO cross-roller bearings, enabling ±180° rotation of the water-based fire sprinkler nozzle 26 around its central axis. Limiters ensure precise angle setting and rotational stability. During operation, the thermal runaway point is located using thermal imaging, and the platform rapidly moves parallel to the point closest to the point for firefighting operations.

[0129] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0130] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage, comprising a parking space, a charging pile (4) being provided on one side of the parking space, characterized in that: Also includes: An underground fire monitoring and extinguishing system (5) is buried under the parking space; a groove is dug in the parking space, and the underground fire monitoring and extinguishing system (5) is arranged in the groove; A fire protection system control host (2) is electrically connected to the underground fire monitoring and extinguishing system (5); An infrared radiation sensor (3) is provided on the fire protection system control host (2), the infrared radiation sensor (3) is electrically connected to the fire protection system control host (2), and the infrared radiation sensor (3) is used to detect the position of the vehicle; An alarm (1) is electrically connected to the fire protection system control host (2); The buried fire monitoring and extinguishing system (5) is used to identify vehicle fires and extinguish fires, and to control the host computer (2) through the fire protection system to cause the alarm (1) to sound an alarm; The buried fire monitoring and extinguishing system (5) comprises: Temperature detection module, used to detect the battery temperature at the bottom of the vehicle; A gas monitoring device (15) is used to collect and detect air at the battery at the bottom of the vehicle, and the gas monitoring device (15) is used to detect the concentration of the marker gas; The fire extinguishing unit is used to spray fire extinguishing agents when a vehicle catches fire.

2. The early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature detection module includes: Infrared detector 1 (6), infrared detector 2 (7), infrared detector 3 (8) and infrared detector 4 (9), wherein the center connecting lines of the infrared detector 1 (6), the infrared detector 2 (7), the infrared detector 3 (8) and the infrared detector 4 (9) are enclosed to form a diamond structure; the infrared detector 1 (6), the infrared detector 2 (7), the infrared detector 3 (8) and the infrared detector 4 (9) are distributed at the edge of the groove; The detection ends of the infrared detector 1 (6), the infrared detector 2 (7), the infrared detector 3 (8) and the infrared detector 4 (9) are arranged toward the bottom of the vehicle; The infrared detector 1 (6), the infrared detector 2 (7), the infrared detector 3 (8) and the infrared detector 4 (9) are all installed at the movable end of the lifting structure, and the fixed end of the lifting structure is fixed in the groove. When the temperature is detected, the lifting structure causes the infrared detector 1 (6), the infrared detector 2 (7), the infrared detector 3 (8) and the infrared detector 4 (9) to extend out of the groove.

3. The early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting structure is an electric telescopic rod.

4. The early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas monitoring device (15) comprises: A horizontal mechanical arm (14), a fixed end of which is fixedly connected to the middle of the groove; A gas sensor fixedly connected to the movable end of the horizontal robotic arm (14), wherein the gas sensor is used to detect CO, CO2, and HF gases; An air sampling device is connected to the gas sensor and is fixed to the movable end of the horizontal mechanical arm (14).

5. The early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing unit includes: Fire extinguishing nozzle one (10), fire extinguishing nozzle two (11), fire extinguishing nozzle three (12) and fire extinguishing nozzle four (13), wherein the fire extinguishing nozzle one (10), the fire extinguishing nozzle two (11), the fire extinguishing nozzle three (12) and the fire extinguishing nozzle four (13) are respectively arranged at the four corners of the groove, and the fire extinguishing nozzle one (10), the fire extinguishing nozzle two (11), the fire extinguishing nozzle three (12) and the fire extinguishing nozzle four (13) are arranged toward the bottom of the vehicle; A dedicated centralized storage tank (18) for fire extinguishing agent is connected to the fire extinguishing nozzle 1 (10), the fire extinguishing nozzle 2 (11), the fire extinguishing nozzle 3 (12) and the fire extinguishing nozzle 4 (13) through a fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe (16). A control valve (17) is provided in the middle of the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe (16), and the control valve (17) is electrically connected to the fire protection system control host (2).

6. The early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing nozzle 1 (10), the fire extinguishing nozzle 2 (11), the fire extinguishing nozzle 3 (12) and the fire extinguishing nozzle 4 (13) are corrosion-resistant nozzles; The fire extinguishing nozzle one (10), the fire extinguishing nozzle two (11), the fire extinguishing nozzle three (12) and the fire extinguishing nozzle four (13) are made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy.

7. The early warning and fire extinguishing system and method for electric vehicles in an underground garage according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nozzles of the fire extinguishing nozzle one (10), the fire extinguishing nozzle two (11), the fire extinguishing nozzle three (12) and the fire extinguishing nozzle four (13) are all connected to an ultrasonic atomizer.

8. The early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimensions of the groove are 2000 mm in length, 800 mm in width and 150 mm in depth.

9. The early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air suction sampling device is a micro air pump.

10. A method for using an early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage, using the early warning and fire extinguishing system for electric vehicles in an underground garage according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Using the infrared radiation sensor (3) to detect whether there is a vehicle in the parking space; After detecting that a vehicle is parked in the parking space, the temperature detection module is used to monitor the temperature of the battery at the bottom of the vehicle, and the temperature data is obtained and fed back to the fire protection system control host (2); After the temperature detection module detects that the temperature data is abnormal, the gas monitoring device (15) is used to collect gas in the battery temperature abnormality area, detect the marker gas concentration and feed it back to the fire protection system control host (2); When the concentration of the marking gas exceeds a specified threshold, the fire protection system control host (2) activates the alarm (1) and simultaneously activates the fire extinguishing unit to spray fire extinguishing agent on the vehicle battery.

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