Experimental platform and method for capturing and recycling carbon dioxide in ship tail gas

Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental platform for capturing and recycling carbon dioxide in ship tail gas. The experimental platform comprises an absorption tower, a desorption tower, an intermediate heat exchanger and a reboiler, a rich liquid outlet of the absorption tower is communicated with a cold source channel inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger through a low-temperature rich liquid pipeline; a cold source channel outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is communicated with a rich liquid inlet of the desorption tower through a high-temperature rich liquid pipeline; a carbon dioxide outlet of the desorption tower is communicated with a carbon dioxide recovery pipeline; a steam inlet of the desorption tower is communicated with a steam outlet of the reboiler; a barren liquor outlet of the desorption tower is communicated with a liquid inlet of the reboiler, and a liquid outlet of the reboiler is communicated with a barren liquor inlet of the absorption tower. The invention further discloses a ship tail gas carbon dioxide trapping and recycling method. The carbon capture experiment platform has the beneficial effects that an experiment platform is provided for a carbon capture experiment, and the influence of a carbon capture basic cycle experiment and an intercooling process on a carbon capture result can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to carbon capture technology, and in particular to an experimental platform and method for capturing and recovering carbon dioxide from ship exhaust. Background Art

[0002] Carbon emissions from waterborne transport are a significant source of global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 3% of the global total. As global trade relies heavily on maritime transport, carbon emissions from waterborne transport have increased in recent years as trade volumes have grown. The primary source of carbon emissions in maritime transport is the combustion of heavy fuel oil and diesel by ships during navigation. The Ship Exhaust CO2 Capture and Recovery Experimental Platform is a facility designed to test, optimize, and promote carbon capture technologies. It aims to explore efficient and cost-effective carbon capture solutions to meet emission reduction needs.

[0003] Currently, existing carbon capture systems consist of an absorption tower and a desorption tower. In the absorption tower, carbon dioxide is absorbed by an absorbent solution from a mixer. The carbon dioxide is then desorbed from the rich liquid in the desorption tower, where it is subsequently collected. However, existing carbon capture testbeds commonly suffer from the following issues: 1. Lack of an intercooling system: System temperature is unstable and easily affected by environmental and other factors. 2. Narrow research scope: Most testbeds are built to study a single parameter and lack multi-branch design, making it impossible to study the independent and coupled effects of other process optimization techniques, such as rich liquid diversion, rich liquid preheating, and lean liquid diversion, on capture efficiency and energy consumption. 3. Lack of flexibility: Existing carbon capture testbeds are often improvised and assembled to study the effects of a single variable, or are relatively large testbeds. The absorption tower is a large component within the testbed, making replacement costly, cumbersome, or impossible, limiting comparative studies of different processes. 4. Low control precision: The lack of an electronic control system leads to excessive reliance on manual operation and insufficient data collection capabilities, impacting experimental efficiency and safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform and method to address the deficiencies of the existing technology, aiming to solve the problem of temperature instability in the existing experimental system.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform, including an absorption tower, a desorption tower, an intermediate heat exchanger and a reboiler; The bottom of the absorption tower is provided with a mixed gas inlet and a rich liquid outlet; the upper part of the absorption tower is provided with a lean liquid inlet; The mixed gas inlet of the absorption tower is connected to the air inlet pipeline; The rich liquid outlet of the absorption tower is connected to the cold source channel inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger through a low-temperature rich liquid pipeline; The top of the desorption tower is provided with a rich liquid inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet, and the bottom of the desorption tower is provided with a steam inlet and a lean liquid outlet; The cold source channel outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected to the rich liquid inlet of the desorption tower through a high-temperature rich liquid pipeline; the carbon dioxide outlet of the desorption tower is connected to the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline; the steam inlet of the desorption tower is connected to the steam outlet of the reboiler; the lean liquid outlet of the desorption tower is connected to the liquid inlet of the reboiler, and the liquid outlet of the reboiler is connected to the heat source channel inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger through a high-temperature lean liquid pipeline; the heat source channel outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected to the lean liquid inlet of the absorption tower through a low-temperature lean liquid pipeline.

[0006] According to the above scheme, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with an intercooling system, which includes a chiller, a first cooler and a second cooler; the chiller forms a first circulation loop with the cold source channel of the first cooler through a pipeline; the heat source channel inlet of the first cooler is connected to the outlet of the mixer, and the mixer is arranged on the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline; the heat source channel outlet of the first cooler is connected to the lean liquid inlet of the absorption tower through a pipeline; the chiller forms a second circulation loop with the cold source channel of the second cooler through a pipeline; the heat source channel of the second cooler is connected to the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline.

[0007] According to the above scheme, the mixer is also provided with an absorption liquid replenishment inlet; the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with a solvent storage device, and the outlet of the solvent storage device is connected to the absorption liquid replenishment inlet of the mixer.

[0008] According to the above scheme, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is provided with a rich liquid diversion branch; the inlet of the rich liquid diversion branch is connected to the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, and the outlet of the rich liquid diversion branch is connected to the rich liquid inlet above the desorption tower; the rich liquid diversion branch is provided with a valve.

[0009] According to the above scheme, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with a lean liquid diversion branch for diverting lean liquid; the inlet of the lean liquid diversion branch is connected to the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline; and a valve is arranged on the lean liquid diversion branch.

[0010] According to the above scheme, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with a first bypass branch, one end of the first bypass branch is connected to the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, and the other end of the first bypass branch is connected to the lean liquid inlet of the absorption tower; a valve is arranged on the first bypass branch.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with a second bypass branch, both ends of which are respectively connected to the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline; the second bypass branch is equipped with an electric heater.

[0012] The present invention also discloses a method for capturing and recovering carbon dioxide from ship exhaust gas, which comprises: Providing the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery system as described above; The valves of the air inlet pipeline, low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, low-temperature lean liquid pipeline, and carbon dioxide gas outlet pipeline are opened. The mixed gas enters the absorption tower through the air inlet pipeline. The absorbent solution in the absorption tower absorbs the carbon dioxide in the mixed gas and is converted into rich liquid. The rich liquid is then pumped into the intermediate heat exchanger through the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the temperature rises and the rich liquid enters the desorption tower through the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline. The carbon dioxide desorbed in the desorption tower enters the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline, is cooled in the secondary cooler, and then dehydrated and dried. The dried carbon dioxide is discharged and collected. The rich liquid desorbed in the desorption tower is converted into lean liquid, flows out through the lean liquid outlet at the bottom of the desorption tower, passes through the reboiler, and is pumped through the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline into the intermediate heat exchanger. After heat exchange and cooling in the intermediate heat exchanger, the lean liquid passes through the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline and is cooled by the first cooler. After secondary cooling, the lean liquid is pumped into the absorption tower to absorb carbon dioxide again. The parameter changes at various locations in the system pipeline are monitored and recorded, and the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency and carbon dioxide capture energy consumption are numerically calculated.

[0013] According to the above plan, while opening the valves on the air inlet pipeline, low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, low-temperature lean liquid pipeline, and carbon dioxide gas outlet pipeline, the valve on the rich liquid diversion branch is opened to adjust the amount of solution entering the rich liquid diversion, and the rich liquid directly enters the desorption tower for desorption through the rich liquid diversion branch; the parameter changes at various positions in the system pipeline are monitored and recorded, and the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency at this time is numerically calculated, and the impact of the rich liquid diversion on the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency, as well as the carbon dioxide capture energy consumption, is analyzed.

[0014] According to the above scheme, while opening the valves on the air inlet pipeline, low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, low-temperature lean liquid pipeline, and carbon dioxide gas outlet pipeline, the valve on the lean liquid diversion branch is opened to adjust the amount of solution entering the lean liquid diversion, and the lean liquid entering the lean liquid diversion enters the desorption tower again for desorption; the parameter changes at various positions in the system pipeline are monitored and recorded, and the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency at this time is calculated numerically, and the impact of the lean liquid diversion on the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency, as well as the carbon dioxide capture energy consumption, is analyzed.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention provides an experimental platform for carbon capture experiments, which can realize experiments on the basic cycle of carbon capture. The intercooling system is designed to use the chiller and the cooler to work together to maintain the system temperature stable, reducing the impact of ambient temperature results. At the same time, the system can be used to study the impact of the intercooling process on carbon capture results.

[0016] 2. The present invention integrates rich liquid diversion, rich liquid preheating, lean liquid diversion and other processes, so that a variety of process optimization studies can be conducted on the basis of satisfying the basic cycle test, which can meet various experimental needs; and the invention can study the impact of multiple process optimization technologies on carbon capture results when acting alone or coupled with each other, greatly broadening the research scope. Specifically, 3. The present invention designs a rich liquid diversion branch, which directly enters the desorption tower from the rich liquid inlet B above the desorption tower for desorption again. This pipeline can be used to study the effects of rich liquid diversion and the diversion size on the rich liquid diversion branch on the carbon dioxide capture efficiency and carbon dioxide capture energy consumption.

[0017] 4. The present invention designs a lean liquid diversion branch, through which the high-temperature lean liquid can re-enter the desorption tower for desorption. The lean liquid diversion branch can be used to study the effect of the flow rate of the lean liquid diversion on the carbon dioxide capture efficiency and carbon dioxide capture energy consumption.

[0018] 5. The present invention designs a first bypass branch, which can operate simultaneously with the basic loop or independently of the basic loop; it can be used to study the effect of rich liquid reflux on carbon dioxide capture efficiency and carbon dioxide capture energy consumption.

[0019] 6. The present invention designs a second bypass branch, which is equipped with an electric heater, which can be used to study the effect of the desorption tower rich liquid inlet temperature on the carbon dioxide capture efficiency and carbon dioxide capture energy consumption.

[0020] 7. The present invention designs a third bypass branch C, which can be used to study the effect of desorption temperature on carbon dioxide capture efficiency and carbon dioxide capture energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Among them: 1. Absorption tower; 2. Desorption tower; 3. Intermediate heat exchanger; 4. Reboiler; 5. Mixer; 6. Electric heater; 7. First electric diaphragm pump; 8. Second electric diaphragm pump; 9. Third electric diaphragm pump; 10. First pressure gauge; 11. Second pressure gauge; 12. Third pressure gauge; 13. Water-gas separator; 14. First cooler; 15. Second cooler; 16. First solvent storage tank; 17. Second solvent storage tank; 18. Chiller; V1. First pressure reducing valve; V2. Second pressure reducing valve; V18. Back pressure valve; V3~V16, V17, V19~V33: Valves; PT1~PT9: Pressure transmitters; TT1-TT6: Temperature transmitters; FT1-FT9: Flow transmitters. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0027] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory. In addition, the term "plurality" means including two or more.

[0028] like Figure 1 The illustrated experimental platform for capturing and recovering carbon dioxide from ship exhaust gas includes an absorption tower 1, a desorption tower 2, an intermediate heat exchanger 3, and a reboiler 4; The bottom of the absorption tower 1 is provided with a mixed gas inlet, a rich liquid outlet and a sewage outlet; the upper part of the absorption tower 1 is provided with a lean liquid inlet; The mixed gas inlet of the absorption tower 1 is connected to the air inlet pipeline; The rich liquid outlet of the absorption tower 1 is connected to the cold source channel inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 3 through a low-temperature rich liquid pipeline; The sewage outlet of the absorption tower 1 is connected to the sewage pipeline; The top of the desorption tower 2 is provided with a rich liquid inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet, and the bottom of the desorption tower 2 is provided with a steam inlet and a lean liquid outlet; The cold source channel outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 3 is connected to the rich liquid inlet of the desorption tower 2 through a high-temperature rich liquid pipeline; the carbon dioxide outlet of the desorption tower 2 is connected to the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline; the steam inlet of the desorption tower 2 is connected to the steam outlet of the reboiler 4 through a pipeline; the lean liquid outlet of the desorption tower 2 is connected to the liquid inlet of the reboiler 4, and the liquid outlet of the reboiler 4 is connected to the heat source channel inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 3 through a high-temperature lean liquid pipeline; the heat source channel outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 3 is connected to the lean liquid inlet of the absorption tower 1 through a low-temperature lean liquid pipeline.

[0029] In the present invention, the absorption tower 1 is used to absorb carbon dioxide in the mixed gas introduced through the air inlet pipeline; the intermediate heat exchanger 3 is used to exchange heat between the rich liquid from the absorption tower 1 and the lean liquid from the desorption tower 2, the temperature of the rich liquid increases after the heat exchange, and the temperature of the lean liquid decreases after the heat exchange; the desorption tower 2 is used to desorb carbon dioxide from the rich liquid from the absorption tower 1, and the desorbed carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline for subsequent collection and treatment; the reboiler 4 is used to provide high-temperature steam for desorbing carbon dioxide to the desorption tower 2, and heat the solvent (i.e., the lean liquid) desorbed from the desorption tower 2 and then send it into the intermediate heat exchanger 3 to ensure that the solvent is recycled again.

[0030] In the present invention, the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline is equipped with a temperature transmitter TT1, a valve V5, a first electric diaphragm pump 7, a valve V6, and a flow transmitter FT3. The high-temperature rich liquid pipeline is equipped with a temperature transmitter TT2, a valve V7, and a temperature transmitter TT3; the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline is equipped with a valve V9, a temperature transmitter TT4, a second electric diaphragm pump 8, a flow transmitter FT4, a pressure transmitter PT3, and a valve V10. The end of the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline is divided into three branches, each connected to the three absorption liquid inlets of the absorption tower 1. Each branch is equipped with a valve V11. The sewage pipeline is equipped with a valve 19.

[0031] Preferably, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also equipped with an intercooling system, which includes a chiller 18, a first cooler 14, and a second cooler 15. The chiller 18 forms a first circulation loop with the cold source channel of the first cooler 14 through a pipeline. The inlet of the heat source channel of the first cooler 14 is connected to the outlet of the mixer 5, and the mixer 5 is arranged on the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline. The outlet of the heat source channel of the first cooler 14 is connected to the lean liquid inlet of the absorption tower 1 through a pipeline. The chiller forms a second circulation loop with the cold source channel of the second cooler 15 through a pipeline. The heat source channel of the second cooler 15 is connected to the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline. The chiller 18 works in conjunction with the first cooler 14 and the second cooler 15. The low-temperature cold water produced by the chiller 18 is transported to the first cooler 14 and the second cooler 15 through a pipeline.

[0032] In the present invention, a valve V25 is provided on the connecting pipe between the cold source channel inlet of the first cooler 14 and the chiller 18; a valve V24 is provided on the connecting pipe between the cold source channel outlet of the first cooler 14 and the chiller 18; a valve V30 is provided on the connecting pipe between the cold source channel inlet of the second cooler 15 and the chiller 18; a valve V29 is provided on the connecting pipe between the cold source channel outlet of the second cooler 15 and the chiller 18; each valve is used to control the on-off of the corresponding pipeline.

[0033] Preferably, the mixer 5 is further provided with an absorption liquid replenishment inlet; the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is further provided with a solvent storage device, and the outlet of the solvent storage device is connected to the absorption liquid replenishment inlet of the mixer 5.

[0034] In the present invention, the outlet of the solvent storage device is equipped with a valve V27; the solvent storage device includes two parallel first solvent storage tanks 16 and second solvent storage tanks 17; the two solvent storage tanks are used to replenish the absorbent to ensure that the absorbent solution is always at the concentration set by the experimenter.

[0035] The intercooling system of the present invention utilizes an air-cooled industrial chiller 18 and two coolers, one located on the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline and the other on the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline. A second cooler 15 is installed on the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline to cool the mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Backpressure is then regulated using a backpressure valve V18 and other means, and the resulting mixture is dehydrated and dried in a moisture separator 13 to produce relatively dry carbon dioxide. A first cooler 14 is installed on the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline to reduce the lean liquid temperature and ensure efficient capture of the absorbent solution.

[0036] Preferably, the air inlet pipeline of the absorption tower 1 is connected to two air inlet branches, each of which is equipped with a pressure reducing valve, a pressure gauge, a flow transmitter and a pressure transmitter, and each is provided with a valve to control the flow rate of the intake air; the flow transmitter and the pressure transmitter on the air inlet branch are used to provide real-time feedback on the flow and pressure changes on the air inlet branch to ensure that the flow and pressure are stable within the set range.

[0037] In the present invention, the intake pipe connects the first intake branch and the second intake branch; the first intake branch is equipped with a first pressure reducing valve V1, a first pressure gauge 10, a flow transmitter FT1, a pressure transmitter PT1 and a valve V3; the second intake branch is equipped with a second pressure reducing valve V2, a second pressure gauge 11, a second flow transmitter FT2, a second pressure transmitter PT2 and a valve V4.

[0038] Preferably, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is provided with a rich liquid diversion branch for rich liquid diversion; the inlet of the rich liquid diversion branch is connected to the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, and the outlet of the rich liquid diversion branch is connected to the rich liquid inlet above the desorption tower 2; the rich liquid diversion branch is provided with a valve V12 and a temperature transmitter TT5.

[0039] In this invention, the rich liquid diversion branch can be used to study the impact of rich liquid diversion on CO2 capture efficiency and energy consumption. Rich liquid entering the rich liquid diversion branch does not enter the intermediate heat exchanger 3 but instead enters desorption tower 2 directly from the rich liquid inlet above desorption tower 2 for desorption. Valve V12 regulates the flow rate of the rich liquid diversion, and temperature transmitter TT5 provides real-time feedback on temperature changes in this branch to ensure that the temperature remains stable within the set range.

[0040] Preferably, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with a lean liquid diversion branch for diverting lean liquid; the inlet of the lean liquid diversion branch is connected to the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline; the lean liquid diversion branch is equipped with a valve V13, a pressure transmitter PT5, a flow transmitter FT7 and a valve V33.

[0041] In the present invention, the lean liquid diversion branch can be used to study the impact of lean liquid diversion on CO2 capture efficiency and energy consumption. Valves V13 and V33 regulate the flow of lean liquid entering the lean liquid diversion branch. Lean liquid entering the lean liquid diversion branch can then re-enter desorption tower 2 via the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline for further desorption. Flow transmitter FT7 and pressure transmitter PT5 provide real-time feedback on flow and pressure changes in the lean liquid diversion branch, ensuring that flow and pressure remain stable within the set range.

[0042] Preferably, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with a first bypass branch, one end of the first bypass branch is connected to the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, and the other end of the first bypass branch is connected to the lean liquid inlet of the absorption tower 1; the first bypass branch is equipped with a valve V14, a pressure transmitter PT6, a temperature transmitter TT6 and a flow transmitter FT8.

[0043] In this invention, the pressure transmitter PT6, temperature transmitter TT6, and flow transmitter FT8 provide real-time feedback on pressure, temperature, and flow changes on the first bypass branch, ensuring that flow and pressure remain stable within the set range. The first bypass branch can operate simultaneously with or independently of the base loop, enabling research on the impact of rich solution reflux on CO2 capture efficiency and energy consumption.

[0044] Preferably, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is further provided with a second bypass branch, both ends of which are respectively connected to the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline; the second bypass branch is provided with an electric heater 6 and a valve V8.

[0045] In the present invention, electric heater 6 heats the rich liquid in the second bypass branch. Valve V8 regulates the flow of the rich liquid through the second bypass branch, thereby controlling the temperature of the rich liquid entering desorption tower 2. The second bypass branch can be used to study the effect of the rich liquid inlet temperature of desorption tower 2 on the CO2 capture efficiency and CO2 capture energy consumption.

[0046] In the present invention, the steam outlet of the reboiler 4 is connected to the steam inlet below the desorption tower 2, and the high-temperature lean liquid flows out through the lean liquid outlet below the desorption tower 2 and enters the reboiler 4. The reboiler 4 heats the lean liquid to generate high-temperature steam, and the high-temperature steam enters the desorption tower 2. The power of the reboiler 4 can be adjusted to control the desorption temperature, so that the influence of the desorption temperature on the carbon dioxide capture efficiency and the carbon dioxide capture energy consumption can be studied.

[0047] Preferably, a first electric diaphragm pump 7 is installed on the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, a second electric diaphragm pump 8 is installed on the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, and a second electric diaphragm pump 9, pressure transmitter PT4, flow transmitter FT6, and flow transmitter FT5 are also installed on the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline to ensure sufficient flow rate and flow rate of the solutions in the pipelines of the experimental platform. The solvent (i.e., the lean liquid) desorbed by the desorption tower 2 is heated in the reboiler 4 and then pressurized by the second electric diaphragm pump 8 before entering the intermediate heat exchanger 3, ensuring that the solvent can be recycled.

[0048] In the present invention, the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline is equipped with a backpressure valve V18 and a moisture separator 13. The liquid outlet of the moisture separator 13 is connected to the top of the desorption tower 2 via a pipeline. The backpressure of the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline is regulated by the backpressure valve V18, and the liquid is dehydrated and dried through the moisture separator 13, thereby obtaining relatively dry carbon dioxide. The liquid separated by the moisture separator 13 is re-entered into the desorption tower 22 from above via a pipeline. A third pressure gauge 12 and a pressure transmitter PT9 are installed in the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline between the second cooler 15 and the backpressure valve V18. The pressure transmitter PT9 provides real-time feedback on pressure changes in the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline, ensuring that the pressure remains stable within a set range. A flow transmitter FT9 and a valve V16 are installed at the outlet of the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline. The valve V16 regulates the flow rate and flow velocity of the carbon dioxide discharged. The flow transmitter FT9 provides real-time feedback on flow changes in the pipeline, ensuring that the flow rate remains stable within a set range.

[0049] Preferably, a residual gas outlet is provided at the top of the absorption tower 1 , and the residual gas outlet is connected to a residual gas discharge pipeline through a hose, and a pressure transmitter PT7 , a valve V23 and a valve V17 are provided on the residual gas discharge pipeline.

[0050] In the present invention, the absorption tower 1 can be disassembled as a whole, and different types of absorption devices can be selectively installed according to the specific needs of the experiment. These absorption devices include but are not limited to packed towers, bubble towers, microchannel reactors, etc., to meet the research needs of capturing and recovering carbon dioxide from ship exhaust gas under different experimental conditions. Therefore, through this selective installation method, the experimenter can flexibly adjust the type of absorption tower 1 of the experimental platform according to different experimental purposes and conditions, thereby realizing the testing and evaluation of the performance of different absorption devices. When the absorption tower 1 adopts a packed tower, it is designed with acrylic material tubes, made of DN150 specification tubes, and assembled with flanges. Different types of fillers can be filled according to the specific conditions of the experiment, such as bulk fillers such as ball rings, rectangular saddle rings and step rings, or regular fillers such as wire mesh corrugated fillers and plate hole corrugated fillers. When the absorption tower 1 is a packed tower, the number of layers can be added or reduced, and the packing can be replaced as needed. Each layer has an absorbent solution inlet and a sampling port reserved for sealing with a plug. The tower liquid feed adopts multi-layer spraying, which can be used to study the effect of absorbent spray height on carbon dioxide capture efficiency and carbon dioxide capture energy consumption. A sewage outlet is provided for easy cleaning, and a hose is configured on the top for easy disassembly. In the present invention, the desorption tower 2 is spliced ​​with flanges, and the number of layers and height of the desorption tower 2 can be increased or decreased according to the specific experimental design.

[0051] The ship exhaust CO2 capture and recovery experimental platform described in the present invention is manufactured from corrosion-resistant metal materials, ensuring excellent durability and stability during long-term operation, particularly when handling complex environments such as ship exhaust. Furthermore, during use, the platform can be adapted to accommodate different experimental requirements, using a suitable absorbent, such as an amine solution, mixed amines, ionic liquids, or mixed solvents. Different absorbents exhibit varying CO2 absorption characteristics when exposed to ship exhaust. The interchangeable absorbent design can meet a variety of experimental needs, facilitating the study of the performance of different absorbents and the selection of the optimal absorbent.

[0052] Preferably, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with an electronic control system, which includes a host computer, a PLC controller, a power supply and a filter; the host computer can be a laptop computer; the host computer is connected to the PLC controller, and the PLC controller is connected to the electric heater 6, the reboiler 4, the chiller 18, each electric diaphragm pump, each flow transmitter, each pressure transmitter, each temperature transmitter and each valve; the power supply is connected to each device such as the absorption tower 1, the desorption tower 2, the chiller 18 and each electric diaphragm pump through the filter.

[0053] The host computer described in the present invention uses programming software to enable real-time monitoring, remote operation, and data processing of the entire experimental platform's operating status. It receives data signals from each transmitter and transmits them to the host computer, which then receives commands from the host computer and controls the operation of various devices (such as the reboiler 4, electric heater 6, valves, and electric diaphragm pumps). A high-precision linear power supply provides a stable power supply for each device (such as the reboiler 4, electric heater 6, valves, and electric diaphragm pumps). A filter is used to filter out noise in the power supply to ensure stable operation of the devices. Throughout the experimental process, the present invention uses a control program to adjust flow and collect readings such as temperature, pressure, and flow. Experimental parameters such as valve opening and closing, flow rate, and reboiler 6 temperature can be controlled using a PLC controller, eliminating the need for local operator intervention. This significantly improves experimental accuracy and ensures the safety of the experimenter.

[0054] Preferably, the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is provided with multiple sampling pipelines, and various studies can be carried out by sampling and testing at different sampling ports. A first sampling pipeline is provided on the air inlet pipeline at the front end of the mixed gas inlet of the absorption tower 1, and a sampling valve V20 is provided on the first sampling pipeline; a second sampling pipeline is provided on the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline between the rich liquid outlet of the absorption tower 1 and the first electric diaphragm pump 7, and a pressure transmitter PT8 and a sampling valve V21 connected in sequence are provided on the second sampling pipeline; a third sampling pipeline is provided on the residual gas discharge pipeline between valves V17 and valves V23, and a sampling valve V22 is provided on the third sampling pipeline; a fourth sampling pipeline is provided on the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline between the mixer 5 and the first cooler 14, and a fourth sampling pipeline is provided on the fourth sampling pipeline. A sampling valve V26 is provided on the sampling pipeline; a fifth sampling pipeline is provided on the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline between the intermediate heat exchanger 3 and the mixer 5, and a sampling valve V28 is provided on the fifth sampling pipeline; a fifth sampling pipeline is provided on the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline between the water-gas separator 13 and the valve V16, and a sampling valve V31 is provided on the fifth sampling pipeline; a sixth sampling pipeline is provided on the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline between the reboiler 4 and the temperature transmitter TT4, and a sampling valve V32 is provided on the sixth sampling pipeline; a seventh sampling pipeline is provided at the end point of the lean liquid diversion branch, and a sampling valve V33 is provided on the seventh pipeline.

[0055] In the present invention, the absorption tower 1 has a segmented structure, comprising unit segments assembled sequentially from top to bottom, with flanges connecting adjacent units. The units are made of acrylic. The height of the absorption tower 1 can be controlled by selecting the number of assembled units based on experimental needs. The absorption tower 1 can also be completely disassembled, allowing for custom installation of absorption towers or absorbers of other diameters.

[0056] The ship exhaust CO2 capture and recovery experimental platform described in the present invention, based on the principles of carbon capture and recovery processes, recycles CO2 in mixed gases through absorption, desorption, heating, and heat exchange. The system is remotely controlled, and the electronic control system is equipped with a PLC controller and a laptop computer. The control program remotely controls valve opening and closing and reads instrument data. During the test, the control program can adjust the flow rate and collect temperature, pressure, flow rate and other readings throughout the test, without the need for local personnel to operate.

[0057] Example 2 A method for capturing and recovering carbon dioxide from ship exhaust gas, the method comprising: Providing a ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery system as described in Example 1; Open the valves on the air inlet pipeline, low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, low-temperature lean liquid pipeline, carbon dioxide gas outlet pipeline, residual gas discharge pipeline, first circulation loop and second circulation loop (including valves V1-V7, V9-V11, V15, V16-V18, V24, V25, V27, V29 and V30). The mixed gas enters the absorption tower 1 through the air inlet pipeline. The absorbent solution in the absorption tower 1 absorbs the carbon dioxide in the mixed gas and is converted into rich liquid. The liquid is pumped into the intermediate heat exchanger 3 for heat exchange through the first electric diaphragm pump on the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline. After the heat exchange, the temperature rises and the liquid enters the desorption tower 2 through the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline. The carbon dioxide desorbed in the desorption tower 2 enters the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline and is cooled by the second cooler 15. The back pressure is adjusted by the back pressure valve V18. The water-gas separator 13 removes water and dries to obtain relatively dry carbon dioxide, which is then discharged and collected. The liquid from which carbon dioxide is separated in the water-gas separator 13 re-enters the desorption tower 2 from the top of the desorption tower 2 through a pipeline. The rich liquid desorbed in the desorption tower 2 is converted into a lean liquid, flows out through the lean liquid outlet at the bottom of the desorption tower 2, passes through the reboiler 4, and is pumped into the intermediate heat exchanger 3 by the second electric diaphragm pump 8 on the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline. After heat exchange and cooling in the intermediate heat exchanger 3, the lean liquid passes through the mixer 5 on the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline and is then cooled by the first cooler 14. After the secondary cooling, the lean liquid is pumped into the absorption tower 1 by the third electric diaphragm pump 9 to absorb carbon dioxide again. The changes in parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow at various locations in the system pipeline are monitored and recorded, and the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency and carbon dioxide capture energy consumption are numerically calculated.

[0058] Example 3 This embodiment can analyze the effect of rich liquid diversion on the capture efficiency and recovery efficiency of carbon dioxide on the basis of the second embodiment. Specifically, a method for capturing and recovering carbon dioxide from ship exhaust gas is provided. The method comprises: opening the air intake pipeline, the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline, the carbon dioxide gas outlet pipeline, the residual gas discharge pipeline, the valves on the first circulation loop and the second circulation loop (including valves V1-V7, V9-V11, V15, V16-V18, V24, V25, V27, V29, V30 ), and at the same time, open the valve V12 on the rich liquid diversion branch. The amount of solution entering the rich liquid diversion is adjusted by the valve V12. This part of the rich liquid does not enter the intermediate heat exchanger 3, but directly enters the desorption tower 2 from the rich liquid inlet above the desorption tower 2 through the rich liquid diversion branch for desorption. Monitor and record the changes in parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow at various locations in the system pipeline, and numerically calculate the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency at this time. By comparing the results with those of Example 2, the influence of the rich liquid diversion on the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency, as well as the carbon dioxide capture energy consumption, can be analyzed.

[0059] Example 4 This embodiment can analyze the effect of lean liquid diversion on the capture efficiency and recovery efficiency of carbon dioxide on the basis of the second embodiment. Specifically, a method for capturing and recovering carbon dioxide from ship exhaust gas is provided. The method comprises: opening the air intake pipeline, the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline, the carbon dioxide gas outlet pipeline, the residual gas discharge pipeline, the valves on the first circulation loop and the second circulation loop (including valves V1-V7, V9-V11, V15, V16-V18, V24, V25, V27, V29, and V30), and at the same time, valve V13 on the lean liquid diversion branch is opened. The amount of solution entering the lean liquid diversion can be adjusted through valve V13, and the lean liquid entering the lean liquid diversion can re-enter the desorption tower 2 for further desorption; the changes in parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate at various locations in the system pipeline are monitored and recorded, and the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency at this time is numerically calculated and compared with the results of Example 2 to analyze the impact of the lean liquid diversion on the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency, as well as the carbon dioxide capture energy consumption.

[0060] Example 5 This embodiment can analyze the effect of rich liquid recirculation on the capture and recovery efficiency of carbon dioxide (CO) based on the second embodiment. Specifically, a method for capturing and recovering CO2 from ship exhaust gas is provided. The method comprises: opening valves (including valves V1-V7, V9-V11, V15, V16-V18, V24, V25, V27, V29, and V30) on an air inlet pipeline, a low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, a high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, a high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, a low-temperature lean liquid pipeline, a CO2 gas outlet pipeline, a residual gas discharge pipeline, a first circulation loop, and a second circulation loop; and simultaneously opening valve V14 on a first bypass branch to regulate the amount of solution entering the first bypass branch via valve V14; monitoring and recording changes in parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate at various locations in the system pipeline, numerically calculating the CO2 capture and recovery efficiency at that time, and comparing the calculated results with those of the second embodiment. This can analyze the effect of rich liquid recirculation on the CO2 capture and recovery efficiency, as well as the CO2 capture energy consumption.

[0061] Example 6 This embodiment can analyze the effect of the rich liquid inlet temperature on the capture and recovery efficiency of carbon dioxide based on the second embodiment. Specifically, a method for capturing and recovering carbon dioxide from ship exhaust gas is provided. The method comprises: opening the valves (valves V1-V7, V9-V11, V15, V16-V18, V24, V25, V27, V29, V30) on the air inlet pipeline, the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline, the carbon dioxide gas outlet pipeline, the residual gas discharge pipeline, the first circulation loop, and the second circulation loop. At the same time, valve V8 on the second bypass branch is opened, and the amount of solution entering the second bypass branch is adjusted by valve V8. The electric heater 6 on the second bypass branch heats the diverted rich solution, and the temperature of the electric heater 6 is adjusted to control the temperature of the rich solution entering the desorption tower 2. The changes in parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate at various locations in the system pipeline are monitored and recorded. The carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency at this time is numerically calculated and compared with the results of Example 2. The effect of the rich solution inlet temperature on the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency, as well as the carbon dioxide capture energy consumption, can be analyzed.

[0062] The present invention also provides a method for switching from studying the basic loop (Example 2) to studying the rich liquid diversion (Example 3): the method is to open the valve V12 on the rich liquid diversion on the basis of opening all the valves in the basic loop, and adjust the opening of the valve V12 to control the flow rate of the rich liquid diversion pipeline.

[0063] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform, characterized in that: Including absorption tower, desorption tower, intermediate heat exchanger and reboiler; The bottom of the absorption tower is provided with a mixed gas inlet and a rich liquid outlet; the upper part of the absorption tower is provided with a lean liquid inlet; The mixed gas inlet of the absorption tower is connected to the air inlet pipeline; The rich liquid outlet of the absorption tower is connected to the cold source channel inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger through a low-temperature rich liquid pipeline; The top of the desorption tower is provided with a rich liquid inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet, and the bottom of the desorption tower is provided with a steam inlet and a lean liquid outlet; The cold source channel outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected to the rich liquid inlet of the desorption tower through a high-temperature rich liquid pipeline; the carbon dioxide outlet of the desorption tower is connected to the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline; the steam inlet of the desorption tower is connected to the steam outlet of the reboiler; the lean liquid outlet of the desorption tower is connected to the liquid inlet of the reboiler, and the liquid outlet of the reboiler is connected to the heat source channel inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger through a high-temperature lean liquid pipeline; the heat source channel outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected to the lean liquid inlet of the absorption tower through a low-temperature lean liquid pipeline.

2. The ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with an intercooling system, which includes a chiller, a first cooler and a second cooler; the chiller forms a first circulation loop with the cold source channel of the first cooler through a pipeline; the heat source channel inlet of the first cooler is connected to the outlet of the mixer, and the mixer is arranged on the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline; the heat source channel outlet of the first cooler is connected to the lean liquid inlet of the absorption tower through a pipeline; the chiller forms a second circulation loop with the cold source channel of the second cooler through a pipeline; the heat source channel of the second cooler is connected to the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline.

3. The ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mixer is also provided with an absorption liquid replenishment inlet; the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with a solvent storage device, and the outlet of the solvent storage device is connected to the absorption liquid replenishment inlet of the mixer.

4. The ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is provided with a rich liquid diversion branch; the inlet of the rich liquid diversion branch is connected to the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, and the outlet of the rich liquid diversion branch is connected to the rich liquid inlet above the desorption tower; the rich liquid diversion branch is provided with a valve.

5. The ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with a lean liquid diversion branch for diverting lean liquid; the inlet of the lean liquid diversion branch is connected to the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline; and a valve is arranged on the lean liquid diversion branch.

6. The ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with a first bypass branch, one end of which is connected to the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, and the other end of the first bypass branch is connected to the lean liquid inlet of the absorption tower; a valve is configured on the first bypass branch.

7. The ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery experimental platform is also provided with a second bypass branch, both ends of which are respectively connected to the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline; the second bypass branch is provided with an electric heater.

8. A method for capturing and recovering carbon dioxide from ship exhaust, characterized in that: The method is: Providing the ship exhaust carbon dioxide capture and recovery system as described in claim 6; The valves of the air inlet pipeline, low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, low-temperature lean liquid pipeline, and carbon dioxide gas outlet pipeline are opened. The mixed gas enters the absorption tower through the air inlet pipeline. The absorbent solution in the absorption tower absorbs the carbon dioxide in the mixed gas and is converted into rich liquid. The rich liquid is then pumped into the intermediate heat exchanger through the low-temperature rich liquid pipeline for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the temperature rises and the rich liquid enters the desorption tower through the high-temperature rich liquid pipeline. The carbon dioxide desorbed in the desorption tower enters the carbon dioxide recovery pipeline, is cooled in the secondary cooler, and then dehydrated and dried. The dried carbon dioxide is discharged and collected. The rich liquid desorbed in the desorption tower is converted into lean liquid, flows out through the lean liquid outlet at the bottom of the desorption tower, passes through the reboiler, and is pumped through the high-temperature lean liquid pipeline into the intermediate heat exchanger. After heat exchange and cooling in the intermediate heat exchanger, the lean liquid passes through the low-temperature lean liquid pipeline and is cooled by the first cooler. After secondary cooling, the lean liquid is pumped into the absorption tower to absorb carbon dioxide again. The parameter changes at various locations in the system pipeline are monitored and recorded, and the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency and carbon dioxide capture energy consumption are numerically calculated.

9. The method for capturing and recovering carbon dioxide from ship exhaust gas according to claim 8, wherein: While opening the valves on the air inlet pipeline, low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, low-temperature lean liquid pipeline, and carbon dioxide gas outlet pipeline, open the valve on the rich liquid diversion branch to adjust the amount of solution entering the rich liquid diversion, and the rich liquid directly enters the desorption tower for desorption through the rich liquid diversion branch; monitor and record the parameter changes at various positions in the system pipeline, and numerically calculate the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency at this time, and analyze the impact of rich liquid diversion on the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency, as well as the carbon dioxide capture energy consumption.

10. The method for capturing and recovering carbon dioxide from ship exhaust gas according to claim 8, wherein: While opening the valves on the air inlet pipeline, low-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature rich liquid pipeline, high-temperature lean liquid pipeline, low-temperature lean liquid pipeline, and carbon dioxide gas outlet pipeline, open the valve on the lean liquid diversion branch to adjust the amount of solution entering the lean liquid diversion, and the lean liquid entering the lean liquid diversion enters the desorption tower again for desorption; monitor and record the parameter changes at various positions in the system pipeline, and numerically calculate the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency at this time, and analyze the impact of the lean liquid diversion on the carbon dioxide capture and recovery efficiency, as well as the carbon dioxide capture energy consumption.

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