Difunctional intercalation Ti3C2Tx composite photo-thermal material, interface evaporator, preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention relates to a bifunctional intercalation Ti3C2Tx composite photo-thermal material, an interface evaporator, a preparation method and application, PVDF is added into DMF for ultrasonic dispersion, then a Ti3C2Tx / carbon / cobalt composite photo-thermal material is added and continuously stirred until the Ti3C2Tx / carbon / cobalt composite photo-thermal material is uniformly dispersed, the obtained mixture stands, and bubbles are discharged; transferring the obtained black mixture into a glass culture dish, adding distilled water to immerse the black mixture to induce solidification, and forming a black blocky solid material; and after standing, soaking in distilled water, and forming the three-dimensional photo-thermal interface evaporator through a solvent exchange (DMF-water) process. An interface evaporator based on the Ti3C2Tx composite photo-thermal material has the evaporation rate of 2.00 kg.m <-2 >. H <-1 >, a photo-thermal runway prepared from the bifunctional intercalation Ti3C2Tx composite material shows excellent photo-thermal conversion efficiency, and snow can be rapidly melted and the surface of the runway can be dried under the simulation condition; the method has practical application value in solving the problems of water resource shortage and runway potential safety hazards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and specifically relates to the preparation and application of a composite photothermal material. Background Art

[0002] Approximately three-quarters of the Earth's surface is covered by water; however, approximately 97.5% of this is seawater, leaving only approximately 2.5% freshwater. It is predicted that by 2025, nearly 4 billion people will face severe freshwater shortages. Desalination has become a key strategy to help alleviate water scarcity, especially in areas where traditional freshwater resources are limited. As a green method for producing freshwater, photothermal interface materials have attracted widespread attention from researchers in fields such as desalination and wastewater treatment.

[0003] Another challenge during the rainy and winter months is the accumulation of water, snow, or ice on airport runways, which can disrupt flight operations and pose a significant safety risk. When adverse weather conditions, including the accumulation of snow, ice, mud, and water, severely impact the condition of runway surfaces, solar thermal technology can offer a potential solution. By converting sunlight into heat, solar thermal materials can quickly melt ice and snow, keeping the runway surface dry and ensuring safer and more efficient runway operations during the winter.

[0004] Metal nanoparticles, semiconductor materials, polymers and carbon-based materials are widely used as photothermal materials due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency. For example, Wang et al. used silver nanoparticles to modify sponges to prepare three-dimensional structures with excellent photothermal conversion performance. However, the high cost and chemical instability of the above materials limit their large-scale use (L.Wang, D. Wang, Z. Wu, J. Luo, X. Huang, Q. Gao, X. Lai, LC Tang, H. Xue,J.Gao, Self-derived superhydrophobic and multifunctional polymer sponge composite with excellent joule heating and photothermal performance for strain / pressure sensors, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 (11) (2020) 13316–13326). In recent years, MXene, as an emerging photothermal conversion material, has attracted attention due to its excellent photothermal performance, high light absorption rate in a wide spectral range and tunable structural properties. Wang et al. prepared a MXene-based melamine sponge. Under light irradiation, the temperature of the sponge surface can quickly rise to 47°C (M. Wang, J. Zhu, Y. Zi, W. Huang, 3D MXene sponge: facile synthesis, excellent hydrophobicity, and highphotothermal efficiency for wasteoil collection and purification, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 (39) (2021) 47302–47312). However, the high thermal conductivity, significant light reflectivity and easy oxidation of MXene nanosheets greatly limit their photothermal conversion efficiency. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the photothermal conversion efficiency through experimental design, such as photothermal material composite. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the current problems of water shortage and aviation safety (runway icing), the present invention prepares a Ti3C2T3 composite material embedded with cobalt and carbon black. X A new continuous water supply composite material composed of a super-hydrophilic PVDF disc and its good photothermal conversion and evaporation properties is used to achieve rapid collection of desalinated water and runway deicing.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x The preparation method of the composite photothermal material comprises the following steps: (1) Add aluminum titanium carbide to hydrofluoric acid (HF) and stir to react. After the reaction, wash the product with distilled water and ethanol to remove residual acid and reaction by-products. After drying, Ti3C2T x ; (2) Carbon material, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and dry Ti3C2T x The mixture was dispersed in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and transferred to a reactor for solvent thermal reaction. After the reaction, the product was collected, washed, and dried to obtain a black powder, which is Ti3C2T x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal materials.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the carbon material in step (2) accounts for Ti3C2T X The mass fraction of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate is 5%-15%, and the mass fraction of Ti3C2T x The mass fraction of carbon materials, Co and Ti3C2T is 5%-15%. X Under the synergistic effect of Ti3C2T X light absorption effect.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the reaction temperature in step (2) is 150-200 ° C, and the reaction time is 6-8 h to prepare an intercalated Ti3C2T3 with excellent light-to-heat conversion performance. x Composite photothermal materials.

[0009] The present invention also provides a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared by the preparation method. x Composite photothermal materials.

[0010] The present invention also provides the dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Application of composite photothermal materials in runway deicing.

[0011] A dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator, using the dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x The preparation of composite photothermal materials includes the following steps: a. Ultrasonic dissolve PVDF in DMF to form a uniform solution, then add Ti3C2T x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal material, and continuously stirring until the composite photothermal material is evenly dispersed in the PVDF solution to obtain a black mixture, and the obtained black mixture is allowed to stand to remove bubbles; b. Using a glass Petri dish with a diameter of 60 mm as a mold, the black mixture after removing bubbles in step a was transferred to the Petri dish. Then, distilled water was added to the Petri dish to immerse the black mixture to induce solidification to form a block solid material. After standing at room temperature, it was immersed in distilled water to replace the residual DMF solvent to obtain a three-dimensional photothermal interface evaporator, namely, a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Composite material-PVDF photothermal interface evaporator.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the dispersion concentration of PVDF in DMF in step a is 12-15 wt%, Ti3C2T x The mass ratio of Ti3C2T composite photothermal material to PVDF is (1-4):5, and the resulting mixture is allowed to stand for 6-8 hours. The different PVDF dispersion concentrations lead to different mesoporous structures in the final product. x The mass ratio of the / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal material to PVDF affects the light absorption and photothermal conversion performance and pore structure of the final product.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the black block solid material after solidification in step b is allowed to stand at room temperature for 20-30 minutes and immersed in distilled water for 12-72 hours. The distilled water is replaced every 8 hours during the immersion period to replace the residual DMF.

[0014] The present invention also provides a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared by the method x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator.

[0015] The present invention also provides the dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Application of composite material-PVDF photothermal interface evaporator in seawater desalination.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention utilizes the broadband light absorption and stability of carbon materials, the catalytic performance of cobalt, and the excellent photothermal conversion performance of MXene to prepare a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Composite materials, as an efficient photothermal absorber for runway deicing, are prepared using a solvent exchange process to form a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T xComposite material - PVDF photothermal interface evaporator, used for solar-driven water evaporation. The incorporation of PVDF polymer significantly improves the stability of the evaporator structure. The porous structure of the evaporator results in excellent water transmission performance, enabling it to achieve continuous water supply without the need for external energy. The results of seawater desalination experiments show that the Ti3C2T x The interface evaporator of composite photothermal material has a 2.00 kg·m -2 ·h -1 In addition, the use of dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x The composite material's solar thermal runway demonstrated excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, enabling rapid snow melting and runway surface drying under simulated conditions. This innovative application demonstrates the potential of solar thermal materials to maintain operational safety during rainy and winter months. Overall, the composite's dual application highlights its ability to address global challenges related to water scarcity and aviation safety through innovative use of solar energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in Example 3 x Scanning electron microscope image of the composite photothermal material.

[0019] Figure 2 The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3 x X-ray diffraction pattern of composite photothermal material.

[0020] Figure 3 The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in Example 3 x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator (a), electron microscope scanning images at different magnifications (bd) and pore size distribution diagram (d illustration).

[0021] Figure 4 The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in Example 3 x Contact angle image of composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator.

[0022] Figure 5 The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3 x Full spectrum absorption diagram of composite photothermal material.

[0023] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the seawater desalination simulation device.

[0024] Figure 7 The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3 x The surface temperature change of the composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator under standard sunlight.

[0025] Figure 8 The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in Example 1 of Example 1-3 is x Evaporation rate diagram of composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator.

[0026] Figure 9 The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in Example 3 x Salt dissolution images of the composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator at different time periods.

[0027] Figure 10 The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in the normal runway model and Example 3 x Infrared thermal image of composite photothermal material during runway deicing application.

[0028] Figure 11 Ice melting image of a normal runway model and the dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in Example 3 x Image of the application of composite photothermal materials in runway deicing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the following examples are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and that those skilled in the art may make non-essential improvements and adjustments based on the contents of the above invention.

[0030] Comparative Example 1 (1) 1 g of aluminum titanium carbide was gradually added to 40 mL of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and stirred for 48 h. After the reaction, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol to remove the residual acid and reaction by-products and dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain Ti3C2T x ; (2) Add 2.5 g of PVDF to 20 mL of DMF and disperse by ultrasonication, then add 0.5 g of Ti3C2T prepared in step (2) x The photothermal material was stirred continuously until the PVDF and the composite photothermal material were evenly dispersed to obtain a black mixture, and the obtained black mixture was allowed to stand for 6 h to remove bubbles; (3) transferring the black mixture obtained in step (2) into a glass culture dish, and then adding distilled water into the culture dish to submerge the black mixture to induce solidification, thereby forming a black block-like solid material; (4) The solid material was allowed to stand for 20 min and then immersed in distilled water for 12 h to form a three-dimensional photothermal interface evaporator through a solvent exchange (DMF-water) process.

[0031] Example 1 (1) 1 g of aluminum titanium carbide was gradually added to 40 mL of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and stirred for 48 h. After the reaction, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol to remove the residual acid and reaction by-products and dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain Ti3C2T x ; (2) will account for Ti3C2T x 5% by mass of carbon black, Ti3C2T x 5% by mass of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and dried Ti3C2T x The mixture was mixed and dispersed in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Subsequently, the mixture was transferred to a reactor, heated to 180 ° C and maintained for 6 h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol in sequence and dried at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain a black powder, namely Ti3C2T x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal materials; (3) 2.5 g of PVDF was added to 20 mL of DMF and ultrasonically dispersed, and then 0.5 g of Ti3C2T prepared in step (2) was added. x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal material, and continuously stirred until PVDF and the composite photothermal material were evenly dispersed to obtain a black mixture, and the obtained black mixture was allowed to stand for 6 hours to remove bubbles; (4) transferring the black mixture after removing bubbles in step (3) into a glass culture dish, and then adding distilled water into the culture dish to immerse the black mixture to induce solidification, thereby forming a black block-like solid material; (5) The solid material was allowed to stand for 20 min and then immersed in distilled water for 12 h. The distilled water was replaced every 8 h during the immersion period. Through the solvent exchange (DMF-water) process, a three-dimensional photothermal interface evaporator, namely, a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator.

[0032] Example 2 (1) 1 g of aluminum titanium carbide was gradually added to 40 mL of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and stirred continuously. After the reaction, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol to remove the residual acid and reaction by-products and dried to obtain Ti3C2T x ; (2) will account for Ti3C2T x 10% by mass of carbon black, accounting for Ti3C2T x 10% by mass of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and dried Ti3C2T x The mixture was mixed and dispersed in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Subsequently, the mixture was transferred to a reactor, heated to 180 ° C and maintained for 6 h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol in sequence and dried at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain a black powder, namely Ti3C2T x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal materials; (3) 2.5 g of PVDF was added to 20 mL of DMF and ultrasonically dispersed, and then 0.5 g of Ti3C2T prepared in step (2) was added. x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal material, and continue stirring until PVDF and the composite photothermal material are evenly dispersed, and the resulting mixture is allowed to stand for 6 h; (4) transferring the black mixture obtained in step (3) into a glass culture dish, and then adding distilled water into the culture dish to submerge the black mixture to induce solidification, thereby forming a black block-like solid material; (5) The solid material was allowed to stand for 20 min and then immersed in distilled water for 12 h. The distilled water was replaced every 8 h during the immersion period. Through the solvent exchange (DMF-water) process, a three-dimensional photothermal interface evaporator, namely, a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator.

[0033] Example 3 (1) 1 g of aluminum titanium carbide was gradually added to 40 mL of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and stirred continuously. After the reaction, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol to remove the residual acid and reaction by-products and dried to obtain Ti3C2T x ; (2) will account for Ti3C2T x 15% by mass of carbon black, accounting for Ti3C2T x 15% by mass of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and dried Ti3C2T x The mixture was mixed and dispersed in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Subsequently, the mixture was transferred to a reactor, heated to 180 ° C and maintained for 6 h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol in sequence and dried at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain a black powder, namely Ti3C2T x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal materials; (3) 2.5 g of PVDF was added to 20 mL of DMF and ultrasonically dispersed, and then 0.5 g of Ti3C2T prepared in step (2) was added. x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal material, and continue stirring until PVDF and the composite photothermal material are evenly dispersed, and the resulting mixture is allowed to stand for 6 h; (4) transferring the black mixture obtained in step (3) into a glass culture dish, and then adding distilled water into the culture dish to submerge the black mixture to induce solidification, thereby forming a black block-like solid material; (5) The solid material was allowed to stand for 20 min and then immersed in distilled water for 12 h. The distilled water was replaced every 8 h during the immersion period. Through the solvent exchange (DMF-water) process, a three-dimensional photothermal interface evaporator, namely, a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator.

[0034] Take the dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T in Example 3 x The structure and performance of the composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator were tested, and the results are as follows: 1. Morphological and structural characterization like Figure 1 As shown, the dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x The SEM image of the composite photothermal material shows its typical stacked layer structure. Carbon black is evenly distributed on the surface. This uniform deposition indicates that carbon black and Ti3C2T x The effective interaction and integration between them contribute to the enhanced surface coverage and potential improvement of photothermal performance. Figure 2 The change in the XRD peak position indicates an intercalation process, indicating that cobalt and carbon black are incorporated into the Ti3C2T x Between layers. Figure 3 (a) shows that the sample appears black, which indicates excellent visible light absorption performance. The excellent porous structure is crucial for promoting water transport and improving thermal management ( Figure 3 (bd)). Figure 4 The contact angle measurements show that the water droplet is rapidly absorbed on the sample surface due to its high porosity and superhydrophilicity, which enables continuous transport of water to the evaporation interface.

[0035] 2. Photothermal testing like Figure 5 As shown in Figure 2, the absorption efficiency in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions increases significantly with the increase in the weight percentage of carbon black. This improvement is attributed to the Ti3C2T x , synergistic interaction between cobalt and carbon black.

[0036] Example 4 (1) 1 g of aluminum titanium carbide was gradually added to 40 mL of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and stirred continuously. After the reaction, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol to remove the residual acid and reaction by-products and dried to obtain Ti3C2Tx ; (2) will account for Ti3C2T x 5% by mass of carbon black, Ti3C2T x 15% by mass of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and dried Ti3C2T x The mixture was mixed and dispersed in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Subsequently, the mixture was transferred to a reactor, heated to 150 ° C and maintained for 8 hours. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol in sequence and dried at 60 ° C for 12 hours to obtain a black powder, namely Ti3C2T x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal materials; (3) 2.5 g of PVDF was added to 20 mL of DMF and ultrasonically dispersed, and then 1 g of Ti3C2T prepared in step (2) was added. x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal material, and continue stirring until PVDF and the composite photothermal material are evenly dispersed, and the resulting mixture is allowed to stand for 6 h; (4) transferring the black mixture obtained in step (3) into a glass culture dish, and then adding distilled water into the culture dish to submerge the black mixture to induce solidification, thereby forming a black block-like solid material; (5) The solid material was allowed to stand for 20 min and then immersed in distilled water for 24 h. The distilled water was replaced every 8 h during the immersion period. Through the solvent exchange (DMF-water) process, a three-dimensional photothermal interface evaporator, namely, a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator.

[0037] Example 5 (1) 1 g of aluminum titanium carbide was gradually added to 40 mL of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and stirred continuously. After the reaction, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol to remove the residual acid and reaction by-products and dried to obtain Ti3C2T x ; (2) will account for Ti3C2T x 10% by mass of carbon black, accounting for Ti3C2T x 15% by mass of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and dried Ti3C2T x The mixture was then transferred to a reactor, heated to 200°C and maintained for 6 h. After the reaction, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol in sequence and dried at 60°C for 12 h to obtain a black powder, namely Ti3C2T x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal materials; (3) 2.5 g of PVDF was added to 20 mL of DMF and ultrasonically dispersed, and then 1.5 g of Ti3C2T prepared in step (2) was added.x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal material, and continue stirring until PVDF and the composite photothermal material are evenly dispersed, and the resulting mixture is allowed to stand for 6 h; (4) transferring the black mixture obtained in step (3) into a glass culture dish, and then adding distilled water into the culture dish to submerge the black mixture to induce solidification, thereby forming a black block-like solid material; (5) The solid material was allowed to stand for 20 min and then immersed in distilled water for 36 h. The distilled water was replaced every 8 h during the immersion period. Through the solvent exchange (DMF-water) process, a three-dimensional photothermal interface evaporator, namely, a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator.

[0038] Example 6 (1) 1 g of aluminum titanium carbide was gradually added to 40 mL of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and stirred continuously. After the reaction, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol to remove the residual acid and reaction by-products and dried to obtain Ti3C2T x ; (2) will account for Ti3C2T x 15% by mass of carbon black, accounting for Ti3C2T x 15% by mass of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and dried Ti3C2T x The mixture was mixed and dispersed in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Subsequently, the mixture was transferred to a reactor, heated to 180 ° C and maintained for 6 h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed with distilled water and ethanol in sequence and dried at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain a black powder, namely Ti3C2T x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal materials; (3) 2.5 g of PVDF was added to 20 mL of DMF and ultrasonically dispersed, and then 2 g of Ti3C2T prepared in step (2) was added. x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal material, and continue stirring until PVDF and the composite photothermal material are evenly dispersed, and the resulting mixture is allowed to stand for 7 h; (4) transferring the black mixture obtained in step (3) into a glass culture dish, and then adding distilled water into the culture dish to submerge the black mixture to induce solidification, thereby forming a black block-like solid material; (5) The solid material was allowed to stand for 30 min and then immersed in distilled water for 72 h. The distilled water was replaced every 8 h during the immersion period. Through the solvent exchange (DMF-water) process, a three-dimensional photothermal interface evaporator, namely, a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator.

[0039] Application Example 1 The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in the comparative example and examples 1-3 x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator used in seawater desalination experiments First, a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Evaporation device of composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator ( Figure 6 ): The evaporator was placed in a beaker containing 100 mL of simulated seawater. The cotton provided capillary force to absorb water from the beaker and supply it to the evaporator. A xenon lamp was used as the simulated light source (1 kW·m -2 ) was placed on top of the evaporation apparatus, and a precision electronic balance was used to monitor the change in the mass of water in the beaker over time. Throughout the experiment, an infrared thermal imaging camera recorded the temperature of the water and the temperature of the evaporator surface. The water evaporation rate was calculated using the following formula: in m (kg) represents the mass loss of water. S (m 2 ) represents the area of ​​the evaporation surface that is vertically illuminated by the simulated light source. t (h) represents the evaporation time.

[0040] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the infrared camera analysis results show that the surface temperatures of Comparative Example 1, Examples 1, 2, and 3 reached 48.3°C, 52.3°C, 53.5°C, and 55.4°C within 10 minutes of solar irradiation during the evaporation process. The temperature of simulated seawater was 32.9°C after being irradiated by the light source for 1 hour. The evaporator prepared in Example 3 had the highest surface temperature, which confirmed the synergistic effect of MXene, carbon material, and cobalt, and significantly improved the light absorption and photothermal conversion capabilities of the evaporator. Figure 8 As shown, the evaporation rates of Comparative Example 1, Examples 1, 2, and 3 are 1.34, 1.52, 1.71, and 2.00 kg m, respectively. - ²h - ¹. The increase in surface temperature further promoted the improvement of evaporation rate, confirming the excellent desalination capacity of the evaporator prepared in Example 3. Subsequently, 3.5 g of NaCl was placed on the surface of the composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator prepared in Example 3, and its dissolution on the evaporator surface over time was observed. Figure 9 As shown in the figure, NaCl was completely dissolved within 60 minutes. This performance highlights the ability to reduce salt accumulation in the desalination process and ensure long-term stable operation.

[0041] Application Example 2 The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared in Example 3 x Composite photothermal materials used in runway deicing experiments In order to evaluate the photothermal performance of the composite photothermal material in practical applications, two runway-like surfaces were constructed. The photothermal runway model was constructed by mixing cement, soil, and stone with the Ti3C2T prepared in Example 3 at 20%, 30%, 40%, and 10% of the surface respectively. x The blank runway model is made of a mixture of carbon / cobalt composite photothermal materials. The blank runway model is made of traditional 22.2% cement, 33.3% soil and 44.5% stone. An infrared thermal imaging camera is used to monitor the temperature distribution of the two surfaces under simulated sunlight. Figure 10 As shown, compared with the blank runway model, the Ti3C2T x The photothermal runway model of the carbon / cobalt composite photothermal material showed a significant temperature increase under illumination, confirming its photothermal deicing potential. Subsequently, an ice block with a length of 3 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a thickness of 0.5 cm was placed on the surface of each runway model to evaluate its ice melting performance. Figure 11 As shown, compared to a blank runway model, the runway model based on the composite photothermal material exhibited the highest ice melting performance. The melted water evaporated quickly, and the surface dried within 30 minutes. This demonstrated the significant advantages of the sample in managing water and ice on the runway surface, providing a passive and energy-efficient method for maintaining operational readiness in adverse weather conditions.

[0042] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x The preparation method of the composite photothermal material is characterized in that The following steps are involved: (1) Add aluminum titanium carbide to hydrofluoric acid and stir to react. After the reaction, wash the product with distilled water and ethanol to remove residual acid and reaction by-products. After drying, Ti3C2T x ; (2) Carbon material, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and dry Ti3C2T x Dispersed in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), the resulting mixture was transferred to a reactor for solvent thermal reaction. After the reaction, the product was collected, washed, and dried to obtain a black powder, which is Ti3C2T x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal materials.

2. The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T3 according to claim 1 x The preparation method of the composite photothermal material is characterized in that: The carbon material in step (2) accounts for Ti3C2T X The mass fraction of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate is 5%-15%, and the mass fraction of Ti3C2T x The mass fraction is 5%-15%.

3. The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T3 according to claim 1 x The preparation method of the composite photothermal material is characterized in that: The reaction temperature in step (2) is 150-200° C., and the reaction time is 6-8 h.

4. The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 x Composite photothermal materials.

5. The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T3 according to claim 4 x Application of composite photothermal materials in runway deicing.

6. A dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator, characterized in that: Using the dual-functional intercalation Ti3C2T x The preparation of composite photothermal materials includes the following steps: a. Ultrasonic dissolve PVDF in DMF to form a uniform solution, then add Ti3C2T x / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal material, and continuously stirring until the composite photothermal material is evenly dispersed in the PVDF solution to obtain a black mixture, and the obtained black mixture is allowed to stand to remove bubbles; b. Using a glass Petri dish with a diameter of 60 mm as a mold, the black mixture after removing bubbles in step a was transferred to the Petri dish. Then, distilled water was added to the Petri dish to immerse the black mixture to induce solidification to form a block solid material. After standing at room temperature, it was immersed in distilled water to replace the residual DMF solvent to obtain a three-dimensional photothermal interface evaporator, namely, a dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T x Composite material-PVDF photothermal interface evaporator.

7. The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T3 according to claim 1 x The preparation method of the composite photothermal material is characterized in that: In the step a, the dispersion concentration of PVDF in DMF is 12-15 wt%, Ti3C2T x The mass ratio of the / carbon / cobalt composite photothermal material to PVDF is (1-4):5, and the resulting mixture is allowed to stand for 6-8 h.

8. The method for preparing a dual-functional intercalation composite photothermal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The black block solid material solidified in step b is allowed to stand at room temperature for 20-30 minutes and immersed in distilled water for 12-72 hours, with the distilled water being replaced every 8 hours during the immersion period.

9. The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T prepared by the method according to any one of claims 6 to 8 x Composite photothermal material-PVDF interface evaporator.

10. The dual-functional intercalated Ti3C2T3 according to claim 9 x Application of composite material-PVDF photothermal interface evaporator in seawater desalination.

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