Ecological risk assessment method and device for PFOA polluted drainage basin and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological risk assessment method and device for a PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) polluted drainage basin, and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of environmental ecological risk assessment. According to a runoff period division result of a to-be-evaluated drainage basin, a biological sensitive period of multiple aquatic organisms at multiple nutrition levels in the to-be-evaluated drainage basin and toxicity data at different toxicity end points, comprehensive threshold values of all toxicity end points in different runoff periods are calculated; after the PFOA exposure concentration of each position in the to-be-evaluated drainage basin at the target moment is determined, the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution of the to-be-evaluated drainage basin at the target moment is determined in combination with the comprehensive threshold value of the toxicity end point in the corresponding runoff period and a preset risk indication threshold value. According to the method, the runoff period and the biological sensitive period are coupled, so that the technical problem of low space-time accuracy of PFOA ecological risk assessment in an existing assessment method is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental ecological risk assessment, and in particular to a method, device and electronic equipment for assessing the ecological risk of a PFOA-contaminated watershed. Background Art

[0002] Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a typical persistent organic pollutant, is widely present in industrial and domestic wastewater discharges. It is bioaccumulative and toxic, posing a long-term threat to aquatic ecosystems.

[0003] Currently, watershed ecological risk assessments of PFOA are mostly based on static exposure concentrations or toxicity data under a single hydrological condition. These factors overlook the following issues: The dynamic impact of the runoff cycle: PFOA emissions from pollution sources (e.g., landfill leachate) vary under different hydrological conditions, such as high-flow, low-flow, and normal-flow seasons, leading to uneven spatial and temporal distribution of exposure concentrations; The lack of matching of biological sensitive periods: species sensitivity to pollutants varies throughout their lifecycles, but existing assessment models do not couple the spatial and temporal associations between pollutant exposure concentrations across different runoff cycles and biological sensitive periods. These limitations result in existing PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment methods yielding risk assessment results that deviate from reality, making it difficult to support precise watershed governance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, device and electronic equipment for ecological risk assessment of PFOA-contaminated watersheds, so as to alleviate the problems of existing assessment methods ignoring the dynamic changes of pollutant concentration with the runoff cycle and not incorporating the differences in toxicity responses during the sensitive period of organisms, thereby improving the temporal and spatial accuracy of PFOA ecological risk assessment.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present invention provides an ecological risk assessment method for a PFOA-contaminated watershed, comprising: determining the runoff period division results of the watershed to be assessed and the location data of each monitoring section; obtaining a PFOA exposure concentration prediction model for the watershed to be assessed, the biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in the watershed to be assessed, and toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints; wherein the biological sensitive period includes: the breeding period and the larval development period; based on the runoff period division results, the biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms, and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints, calculating the comprehensive thresholds of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff periods; obtaining the pollution concentration prediction model at the target time. The PFOA emission concentration, emission rate, flow data and water level data of each monitoring section of the source are determined; based on the PFOA exposure concentration prediction model, PFOA emission concentration, emission rate, flow data and water level data of each monitoring section, the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time is determined; based on the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the target comprehensive threshold and the preset risk indication threshold, the ecological risk distribution of PFOA pollution in the watershed to be assessed at the target time is determined; among which, the target comprehensive threshold represents the comprehensive threshold of all toxic endpoints in the runoff cycle to which the target time belongs.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, determining the runoff period division result of the watershed to be evaluated includes: obtaining the runoff data of the watershed to be evaluated in a historical time period; calculating the average runoff of the watershed to be evaluated in each month based on the runoff data of the historical time period; and determining the runoff period division result based on the percentile method and the average runoff of each month.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, based on the runoff cycle division results, the biologically sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints, the comprehensive threshold values ​​of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff cycles are calculated, including: calculating the concentration threshold value of each toxicity endpoint based on the toxicity data of various aquatic organisms at different toxicity endpoints; based on the biologically sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms, counting the number of species in each biologically sensitive period on a monthly basis to determine the dominant period of each month; wherein the dominant period includes any one of the following: breeding period, larval development period, non-sensitive period; based on the runoff cycle division results and the dominant period of each month, determining the distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle; based on the distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle, determining the weight of each toxicity endpoint under different runoff cycles; based on the concentration threshold value of each toxicity endpoint and the weight of each toxicity endpoint under different runoff cycles, calculating the comprehensive threshold value of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff cycles.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the number of species in each biologically sensitive period is counted on a monthly basis to determine the dominant period of each month, including: if the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is less than a preset threshold, then the dominant period of the target month is determined to be a non-sensitive period; wherein the target month represents any month of the year; if the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and the number of species in the reproductive period is greater than or equal to the number of species in the juvenile development period, then the dominant period of the target month is determined to be the reproductive period; if the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and the number of species in the reproductive period is less than the number of species in the juvenile development period, then the dominant period of the target month is determined to be the juvenile development period.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the runoff cycle includes: a flood season, a dry season and a flat water season; the toxicity endpoints include: biochemical toxicity, growth inhibition, reproductive toxicity and lethality; based on the distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle, the weight of each toxicity endpoint under different runoff cycles is determined, including: calculating the proportion of the reproductive period in the target runoff cycle to obtain a first proportion, and using the first proportion as the weight of the reproductive toxicity in the toxicity endpoint; wherein the target runoff cycle represents any period in the runoff cycle; calculating the proportion of the larval development period in the target runoff cycle to obtain a second proportion, and using the second proportion as the weight of growth inhibition in the toxicity endpoint; with the constraints that the weights of biochemical toxicity and lethality in the toxicity endpoints are equal and the sum of the weights of all toxicity endpoints is 1, the weights of biochemical toxicity and lethality in the toxicity endpoints are determined based on the weight of reproductive toxicity and the weight of growth inhibition.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the preset risk indication threshold includes: a first risk indication threshold and a second risk indication threshold; based on the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the target comprehensive threshold and the preset risk indication threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution of the watershed to be assessed at the target time is determined, including: based on the PFOA exposure concentration and the target comprehensive threshold at the target location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, calculating the risk indication coefficient of the target location at the target time; wherein the target location represents any location in the watershed to be assessed; if the risk indication coefficient is less than the first risk indication threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result of the target location at the target time is determined to be low risk; if the risk indication coefficient is greater than or equal to the first risk indication threshold and less than the second risk indication threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result of the target location at the target time is determined to be medium risk; if the risk indication coefficient is greater than or equal to the second risk indication threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result of the target location at the target time is determined to be high risk; based on the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment results of each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution is determined.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the formula for the comprehensive threshold value of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff cycles is expressed as: ;in, Indicates the runoff period Next The weight of the toxicity endpoints, Indicates the The concentration threshold for the toxic endpoint, Indicates the runoff period The combined threshold for all toxicity endpoints is The values ​​range from 1 to 3, representing the flood season, dry season and normal water season respectively. The values ​​range from 1 to 4, representing biotoxicity, growth inhibition, reproductive toxicity and lethality, respectively.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an ecological risk assessment device for a PFOA-contaminated watershed, comprising: a first determination module for determining the runoff period division result of the watershed to be assessed and the location data of each monitoring section; a first acquisition module for obtaining a PFOA exposure concentration prediction model for the watershed to be assessed, biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in the watershed to be assessed, and toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints; wherein the biological sensitive period includes: the breeding period and the larval development period; a calculation module for calculating the comprehensive threshold value of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff periods based on the runoff period division result, the biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms, and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints; a second acquisition module for obtaining The PFOA emission concentration, emission rate, flow data and water level data of each monitoring section of the pollution source at the target time are obtained; the second determination module is used to determine the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be evaluated at the target time based on the PFOA exposure concentration prediction model, PFOA emission concentration, emission rate, flow data and water level data of each monitoring section; the third determination module is used to determine the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution of the watershed to be evaluated at the target time based on the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be evaluated at the target time, the target comprehensive threshold and the preset risk indication threshold; wherein the target comprehensive threshold represents the comprehensive threshold of all toxic endpoints in the runoff cycle to which the target time belongs.

[0013] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the PFOA-polluted watershed ecological risk assessment method described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments is implemented.

[0014] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment method described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0015] When using the method provided by the present invention to assess the ecological risk of PFOA pollution in the watershed to be assessed, it is necessary to calculate the comprehensive thresholds of all toxic endpoints under different runoff cycles based on the runoff cycle division results of the watershed to be assessed, the biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in the watershed to be assessed, and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints. Then, after determining the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the comprehensive thresholds of the toxicity endpoints under the corresponding runoff cycle and the preset risk indication threshold are combined to determine the ecological risk distribution of PFOA pollution in the watershed to be assessed at the target time. By coupling the runoff cycle of the watershed with the biological sensitive period of aquatic organisms, this method solves the problem that the existing assessment method ignores the dynamic changes of pollutant concentration with the runoff cycle and does not combine the differences in toxicity responses during the biological sensitive period, effectively improving the spatiotemporal accuracy of PFOA ecological risk assessment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for ecological risk assessment of a PFOA-contaminated watershed provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a watershed to be assessed and the locations of its monitoring sections provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a water system grid partitioning result and corresponding grid node elevation contour lines provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A PFOA exposure concentration prediction model validation curve provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the ecological risk distribution of PFOA pollution in a watershed to be assessed during the dry season, normal water season, and wet season provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of PFOA concentration in a watershed to be assessed during the dry season, normal water season, and wet season provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7A functional module diagram of a PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0019] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0021] Example 1 Figure 1 A flow chart of a PFOA contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically includes the following steps: Step S102: determining the runoff period division result of the watershed to be assessed and the location data of each monitoring section.

[0022] Specifically, the runoff cycle includes: dry season, normal season, and flood season. To divide the runoff cycle of the watershed to be evaluated, the runoff data of the watershed to be evaluated can be averaged over multiple historical years in each month, or the runoff data of each month in the previous year can be used. This is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the monthly runoff data from January to December and the preset runoff cycle division criteria, the runoff cycle division result of the watershed to be evaluated can be determined, that is, the months of the year corresponding to the dry season, normal season, and flood season can be determined.

[0023] In this embodiment of the present invention, the watershed to be assessed is the water area determined by the user based on data such as the topography, hydrology, river confluences, water quality, and pollution sources within the study area. The key points in determining the watershed to be assessed are: 1. Identifying the pollution source or pollution outlet, which requires field investigation or obtaining existing pollution source data; 2. Determining the upstream (upper boundary) of the pollution source or outlet. The upstream is usually a certain distance from the outlet. This requires understanding the local river network distribution and river flow direction using hydrological data and topographic features to define the upper boundary of the model; 3. Determining the downstream (lower boundary) of the simulation range, which is usually determined by the specific research question; and 4. Determining the inflow or outflow of other rivers between the upper and lower boundaries. The inflow or outflow of other rivers can significantly affect the migration and diffusion of pollutants, so accurate characterization of the river inflow or outflow characteristics is required. This is usually determined based on hydrological data, river confluence data, and field investigations.

[0024] Once the watershed to be assessed is determined, the plane coordinates of each location within the watershed are determined using a UTM projection. The elevation of each location is determined using the 1985 datum elevation, and the location data for each monitoring section within the watershed is appropriately divided. Generally, the upper and lower boundaries of the watershed to be assessed, pollutant discharge outlets, and the confluence or outflow locations of other rivers are common locations for monitoring sections. Users may also add other non-essential monitoring sections based on specific research questions and practical circumstances. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a watershed to be assessed and the locations of its monitoring sections provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Step S104 , obtaining a PFOA exposure concentration prediction model for the watershed to be assessed, biologically sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in the watershed to be assessed, and toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints.

[0026] Among them, biological sensitive periods include: breeding period and juvenile development period.

[0027] Specifically, hydrodynamic and water quality models are core tools in environmental hydraulics for simulating water movement and pollutant migration and transformation. The present embodiment uses these two existing models to construct a PFOA exposure concentration prediction model to predict the PFOA exposure concentration at any point in time within the watershed to be assessed. Users can also select other existing models to predict PFOA exposure concentration at any location within the watershed to be assessed based on their actual needs. The present embodiment does not specifically limit the choice of PFOA exposure concentration prediction model.

[0028] To accurately assess PFOA contamination within the watershed to be assessed, embodiments of the present invention also require obtaining toxicity data at various toxicity endpoints and during the biosensitive periods of multiple aquatic organisms at various trophic levels within the watershed to be assessed. Optionally, data at various toxicity endpoints and during the biosensitive periods of at least 10 aquatic organisms at three trophic levels should be obtained. Toxicity endpoints include biochemical toxicity, growth inhibition, reproductive toxicity, and lethality. Toxicity data at various toxicity endpoints and during the biosensitive periods of aquatic organisms can be collected by systematically searching published literature.

[0029] Step S106 , based on the runoff cycle division results, the biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints, calculate the comprehensive thresholds of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff cycles.

[0030] After determining the runoff cycle division results for the watershed to be assessed and obtaining the biosensitive periods of various aquatic organisms, the weights of each toxicity endpoint under different runoff cycles can be analyzed and determined by coupling the runoff cycle and biosensitive period. At the same time, based on the toxicity data of various aquatic organisms at different toxicity endpoints, the concentration threshold of each toxicity endpoint can be calculated, that is, the predicted no-effect concentration value. Finally, based on the weight of each toxicity endpoint under different runoff cycles and the concentration threshold of each toxicity endpoint, the comprehensive threshold of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff cycles can be calculated through weighted calculation. In other words, different runoff cycles have different PFOA pollution concentration reference values.

[0031] Step S108: Obtain the PFOA emission concentration, emission rate, flow rate data and water level data of each monitoring section of the pollution source at the target time.

[0032] Step S110 , based on the PFOA exposure concentration prediction model, PFOA emission concentration, emission rate, flow data and water level data of each monitoring section, the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time is determined.

[0033] To use the PFOA exposure concentration prediction model constructed based on the hydrodynamic model and water quality model to predict the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be evaluated at the target time, it is first necessary to obtain the flow data and water level data of each monitoring section at the target time, and the PFOA emission concentration and emission rate of the pollution source. Then, the hydrodynamic model can output the flow velocity components u and v and the total water depth H of each location in the watershed to be evaluated based on the DEM elevation of the watershed to be evaluated, the flow data and water level data of each monitoring section, combined with other auxiliary data (such as evapotranspiration, precipitation, river roughness, wind speed), and the preset time step.

[0034] Next, the water quality model uses the finite element method to solve the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be evaluated based on the PFOA emission concentration and emission rate of the pollution source, the preset PFOA reaction rate parameters, the preset time step (consistent with the hydrodynamic model), and the flow velocity components and total water depth at each location in the watershed to be evaluated output by the coupled hydrodynamic model.

[0035] The following is an introduction to the construction process of the above-mentioned PFOA exposure concentration prediction model: The model flow boundary is the volume of water passing through the section per unit time at the specified boundary. The main application scenarios are river inlets, outfalls, and tributaries. The water level boundary is the water level elevation at the specified boundary. The main application scenario is the river outlet. The underwater topography uses the measured large-section data, and the grid node elevation contour lines after high-value interpolation, such as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 (a) shows the water system grid, and (b) shows the elevation contours of the grid nodes. Based on the actual situation, the model terrain was locally adjusted to remove abnormal interpolation points.

[0036] The initial hydrodynamic conditions include the initial water level and initial flow velocity. To ensure model stability, the initial conditions must be consistent with the measured data at the beginning of the model simulation cycle.

[0037] Natural element conditions mainly include meteorological data such as wind field, evaporation data and precipitation data, and the data format is integrated into dfso format.

[0038] The initial water quality condition is mainly the setting of PFOA concentration. The PFOA concentration in this embodiment is given by measured data. The pollution input is mainly the solution containing PFOA that seeps out from the pollutant discharge site under the action of rainwater, groundwater, etc. In the example, it will be added to the model in the form of a pollution source. Among them, the PFOA concentration of the pollution source set in the model is the average of the measured concentrations, that is, the average concentration measured at the monitoring section at the pollutant discharge port. For example, the dry season is 729.03 ng / L, the normal water season is 605.82 ng / L, and the flood season is 550.15 ng / L.

[0039] Hydrodynamic model parameter settings. Hydrodynamic model parameters include riverbed roughness and time step size. Based on observational data and satellite imagery of the study area, combined with topography, landforms, and surface features, the roughness of the water surface is 0.0208–0.0313 (illustratively), the roughness of areas containing water-blocking structures is 0.028–0.0313 (illustratively), and the roughness of vegetated areas is 0.05–0.0625 (illustratively).

[0040] Water quality model parameter setting. The parameters of the water quality model include the horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient and various reaction rate parameters of PFOA, including: PFOA sedimentation rate in water, PFOA resuspension coefficient in sediment, and PFOA dispersion coefficient between sediment and water. The horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient is calculated by the Smagorinsky formula. The reaction rate parameters are determined by combining the literature data to determine the parameter range, and the parameters are calibrated based on the measured PFOA concentrations in water and sediments in the study area. The PFOA sedimentation rate in water is 0.1~10m / d; the PFOA resuspension coefficient in sediment is 10 -6 ~10 -4 d -1 PFOA dispersion coefficient between sediment and water is 10 -7 ~10 -4 cm 2 / s.

[0041] Among them, the Smagorinsky formula is expressed as: ,in, represents the horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient, Represents the Smagorinsky constant, which is usually between 0.1 and 0.2. Represents the grid characteristic length, which is usually taken as the square root of the grid cell size. and They represent the velocity components of the water flow in the x and y directions (m / s), respectively. x and y are orthogonal coordinate axes on a two-dimensional plane, which are used to describe the spatial distribution of flow velocity and water level.

[0042] The two-dimensional hydrodynamic equations include the mass conservation equation and the momentum conservation equation, where the mass conservation equation is: , , Indicates water level, unit is m; Indicates time, unit s; Indicates the total water depth, in m; It represents the still water depth, i.e. the bottom elevation, obtained from the DEM data of the watershed to be assessed, in meters; and represent the average flow velocity components in the x and y directions respectively, It represents the source and sink items calculated with the help of auxiliary data such as precipitation, evaporation, and drainage.

[0043] The momentum equation in the X direction is: ; The momentum equation in the Y direction is: ;in, represents the Coriolis force coefficient, represents the acceleration due to gravity, represents the density of natural water bodies, Both represent turbulent viscosity, which can be calculated using the Smagorinsky model, and the unit is N; Represent the components of wind stress in the x and y directions, which need to be calculated with the help of wind speed, in N; They represent the components of the bottom friction in the x and y directions, which need to be calculated with the help of the river channel roughness. The unit is N. All represent other external forces, unit is N.

[0044] The migration of PFOA in water bodies follows the law of conservation of mass, which states that the rate of change of the pollutant's mass is equal to the inflow rate minus the outflow rate plus the source term and attenuation. The two-dimensional transport equation for PFOA exposure concentration on the free surface (i.e., the water quality model) is: ;in, Indicates the concentration of PFOA in water, in ng / L; and denote the effective diffusion coefficients in the x and y directions, respectively. Represents source and sink terms, such as degradation, deposition, point source emissions, and wind-driven surface transport.

[0045] There are several algorithms for calculating PFOA exposure concentrations. Finite element methods can be used to calculate the concentration of the pollutant at a specific location. The model is then calibrated and validated, optionally using a percentage coefficient of deviation to verify accuracy. Figure 4 A PFOA exposure concentration prediction model validation curve provided in an embodiment of the present invention is provided. Figure 4 In the test, the PBIAS value is 4.34%, and the accuracy meets the requirements.

[0046] Step S112: determining the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution of the watershed to be assessed at the target time based on the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the target comprehensive threshold, and the preset risk indication threshold.

[0047] The target comprehensive threshold represents the comprehensive threshold of all toxicity endpoints in the runoff cycle to which the target moment belongs. The target moment can be any moment.

[0048] Determine the ecological risk distribution of PFOA pollution in the watershed to be assessed, that is, determine the ecological risk of PFOA pollution at multiple locations in the watershed. For any location, to determine its ecological risk of PFOA pollution, first calculate the risk indicator coefficient of the location based on the PFOA exposure concentration and the target comprehensive threshold at the location. For example, if the target time belongs to the normal water period, then the target comprehensive threshold will select the comprehensive threshold of all toxic endpoints under the normal water period.

[0049] After calculating the risk indication coefficient, compare it with the preset risk indication threshold value to determine the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result of the location. The embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the number of preset risk indication threshold values. It can be one or more. For example, if the preset risk indication threshold value only includes one threshold value, the PFOA pollution ecological risk is only divided into high risk and low risk. Correspondingly, if the risk indication coefficient is greater than or equal to the preset risk indication threshold value, it means that the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result of the location is high risk. Otherwise, the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result of the location is low risk. If the preset risk indication threshold value includes N threshold values, the PFOA pollution ecological risk is divided into N+1 levels accordingly. Each level corresponds to a value interval. The PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result of each location is determined according to the value interval to which its risk indication coefficient belongs.

[0050] When using the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention to assess the ecological risk of PFOA pollution in the watershed to be assessed, it is necessary to calculate the comprehensive thresholds of all toxic endpoints under different runoff cycles based on the runoff cycle division results of the watershed to be assessed, the biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in the watershed to be assessed, and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints. Then, after determining the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the comprehensive thresholds of the toxicity endpoints under the corresponding runoff cycle and the preset risk indication threshold are combined to determine the ecological risk distribution of PFOA pollution in the watershed to be assessed at the target time. By coupling the runoff cycle of the watershed with the biological sensitive period of aquatic organisms, this method solves the problem that the existing assessment method ignores the dynamic changes of pollutant concentration with the runoff cycle and does not combine the differences in toxicity responses during the biological sensitive period, effectively improving the spatiotemporal accuracy of PFOA ecological risk assessment.

[0051] In an optional implementation manner, in the above step S102, determining the runoff period division result of the watershed to be evaluated specifically includes the following steps: Step S1021: Obtain the runoff data of the watershed to be assessed within a historical time period.

[0052] Step S1022: Calculate the average runoff volume of the watershed to be evaluated in each month based on the runoff volume data of the historical time period.

[0053] Step S1023: Determine the runoff period division result based on the percentile method and the average runoff volume of each month.

[0054] Optionally, if the current year is 2025, the historical time period can be from 2022 to 2024. After obtaining the monthly runoff data for the above three years, the average runoff of the basin to be evaluated in each month is calculated. Next, the percentile method is used to divide the runoff cycle into the dry season (runoff ≤ 10% percentile), the flood season (runoff ≥ 10% percentile) and the normal water season (10%~90% percentile). The following Table 1 shows the monthly average runoff data and the runoff cycle division results (for example).

[0055] Table 1 Monthly average runoff data and runoff period division results

[0056] In an optional embodiment, step S106, based on the runoff period division results, the biologically sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms, and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints, calculates the comprehensive thresholds of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff periods, and specifically includes the following steps: Step S1061 : Calculate the concentration threshold of each toxicity endpoint based on the toxicity data of various aquatic organisms at different toxicity endpoints.

[0057] Specifically, according to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) guidance on predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC), the calculation formula for the predicted no-effect concentration (i.e., the concentration threshold for the toxic endpoint) is as follows: , The endpoints of the three toxicity data, growth inhibition, reproductive toxicity, and biochemical toxicity, are the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) or the lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC); the endpoint of the mortality toxicity data is the median lethal concentration (LC50). 50 ) or half-maximal effect concentration (EC 50 AF is an appropriate assessment factor, reflecting further uncertainty. In conjunction with the European Chemicals Agency's guidance on PNEC derivation, the geometric mean of the toxicity data for different species was used as the effect concentration for each toxicity endpoint, and 1000 was selected as the AF value. PNEC values ​​for PFOA at different toxicity endpoints were then calculated. Table 2 below shows the toxicity data for various aquatic organisms at different toxicity endpoints and the concentration thresholds for each toxicity endpoint.

[0058] Table 2 Toxicity data of various aquatic organisms at different toxicity endpoints and the concentration thresholds for each toxicity endpoint

[0059] Step S1062: Based on the biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms, the number of species in each biological sensitive period is counted on a monthly basis to determine the dominant period of each month.

[0060] For example, Table 3 below shows the biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms at three trophic levels in the watershed to be assessed.

[0061] Table 3 Biologically sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms

[0062] Based on the data shown in Table 3 above, the number of species in the reproductive and larval development periods each month can be counted, thereby determining the dominant period of each month, where the dominant period includes any of the following: reproductive period, larval development period, and non-sensitive period. In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of species in each biological sensitive period is counted on a monthly basis to determine the dominant period of each month, specifically including the following: If the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is less than the preset threshold, the dominant period of the target month is determined to be the non-sensitive period; where the target month refers to any month in a year.

[0063] If the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and the number of species in the breeding period is greater than or equal to the number of species in the juvenile development period, the dominant period of the target month is determined to be the breeding period.

[0064] If the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and the number of species in the breeding period is less than the number of species in the juvenile development period, the dominant period of the target month is determined to be the juvenile development period.

[0065] Based on the above dominant period judgment rules, if the preset threshold value is 5, then based on the data provided in Table 3, the following Table 4 can be obtained.

[0066] Table 4 Monthly statistics of the number of species in biologically sensitive periods and the results of the monthly dominant period judgment

[0067] Step S1063: Based on the runoff cycle division result and the monthly dominant period, the distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle is determined.

[0068] Specifically, Table 1 above has shown the results of the runoff cycle division, and Table 4 shows the dominant period of each month. By arranging the above two tables, the distribution results of the dominant period in each runoff cycle can be determined. Taking the flood season as an example, according to Table 1, May and June are the flood seasons. By querying Table 4, it can be determined that the distribution data of the dominant period in the flood season is: {breeding period, juvenile development period}. Similarly, the distribution data of the dominant period in the normal water period and the dry season can be obtained respectively.

[0069] Step S1064: Determine the weight of each toxicity endpoint under different runoff cycles based on the distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle.

[0070] In the embodiment of the present invention, the runoff cycle includes: a high-flow period, a low-flow period, and a normal-flow period; the toxicity endpoints include: biochemical toxicity, growth inhibition, reproductive toxicity, and lethality; based on the distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle, the weight of each toxicity endpoint under different runoff cycles is determined, which specifically includes the following steps: Step S10641, calculating the proportion of the breeding period in the target runoff cycle to obtain a first proportion, and using the first proportion as the weight of the breeding toxicity in the toxicity endpoint; wherein the target runoff cycle represents any period in the runoff cycle.

[0071] Step S10642, calculating the proportion of the larval development period in the target runoff cycle to obtain a second proportion, and using the second proportion as the weight of growth inhibition in the toxicity endpoint.

[0072] Step S10643, with the constraints that the weights of biochemical toxicity and lethality in the toxicity endpoints are equal and the sum of all toxicity endpoint weights is 1, the weights of biochemical toxicity and lethality in the toxicity endpoints are determined based on the weights of reproductive toxicity and growth inhibition.

[0073] Based on the method for determining the weight of each toxicity endpoint described above, and combining the data from Tables 1 and 4, Table 5 below is obtained. In Table 5, A1 to A4 represent the weights of biochemical toxicity, growth inhibition, reproductive toxicity, and lethality, respectively. Taking the normal water period as an example, the reproductive period accounts for 0% of the normal water period, and the juvenile development period accounts for 57%. Therefore, the weights of reproductive toxicity and growth inhibition are 0 and 0.6, respectively (rounded to one decimal place). The sum of the weights of biochemical toxicity and lethality is 1-0.6=0.4. Since both biochemical toxicity and lethality are factors that need to be considered regardless of the sensitive period, their weights are equal, resulting in a weight of 0.2 for both biochemical toxicity and lethality.

[0074] Table 5 Distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle and the weight of each toxicity endpoint

[0075] Step S1065 , based on the concentration threshold of each toxic endpoint and the weight of each toxic endpoint in different runoff cycles, calculate the comprehensive threshold of all toxic endpoints in different runoff cycles.

[0076] Specifically, the formula for the comprehensive threshold of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff cycles is expressed as: ;in, Indicates the runoff period Next The weight of the toxicity endpoints, Indicates the The concentration threshold for the toxic endpoint, Indicates the runoff period The combined threshold for all toxicity endpoints is The values ​​range from 1 to 3, representing the flood season, dry season and normal water season respectively. The values ​​range from 1 to 4, representing biotoxicity, growth inhibition, reproductive toxicity and lethality, respectively.

[0077] Referring to the concentration threshold of each toxic endpoint in Table 2 and the weight of each toxic endpoint under different runoff cycles in Table 5, according to the calculation formula of the above comprehensive threshold, the following Table 6 can be obtained.

[0078] Table 6 Comprehensive thresholds for all toxicity endpoints under different runoff cycles

[0079] In an optional embodiment, the preset risk indication threshold includes: a first risk indication threshold and a second risk indication threshold; the above step S112, based on the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the target comprehensive threshold and the preset risk indication threshold, determines the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution of the watershed to be assessed at the target time, specifically including the following: First, based on the PFOA exposure concentration at the target location within the watershed to be assessed at the target time and the target comprehensive threshold, the risk indicator coefficient of the target location at the target time is calculated; where the target location represents any location within the watershed to be assessed. The formula for the risk indicator coefficient HQ is expressed as: , Indicates the PFOA exposure concentration at the target location, in ng / L.

[0080] If the risk indication coefficient is less than the first risk indication threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result at the target location at the target time is determined to be low risk.

[0081] If the risk indication coefficient is greater than or equal to the first risk indication threshold and less than the second risk indication threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result at the target location at the target time is determined to be medium risk.

[0082] If the risk indication coefficient is greater than or equal to the second risk indication threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result at the target location at the target time is determined to be high risk.

[0083] Based on the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment results of each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution is determined.

[0084] Taking the first risk indicator threshold as 0.1 and the second risk indicator threshold as 1 as an example, the ecological risk of PFOA pollution is divided into three risk levels: HQ < 0.1 indicates low risk, 0.1 ≤ HQ < 1 indicates medium risk, and HQ ≥ 1 indicates high risk. By referring to the above method, the ecological risk assessment results of PFOA pollution at multiple locations within the assessed watershed can be obtained, and the ecological risk distribution of PFOA pollution in the assessed watershed can be constructed.

[0085] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the ecological risk distribution of PFOA pollution in a watershed to be assessed during the dry season, normal water season, and wet season is provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 The middle (a) view represents the dry season. Figure 5 The middle (b) view represents the flat water period. Figure 5 The middle (c) view represents the flood season. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of PFOA concentration in a watershed to be evaluated during the dry season, normal water season, and wet season provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 The middle (a) view represents the dry season. Figure 6 The middle (b) view represents the flat water period. Figure 6 The middle (c) view represents the flood season. Figure 6 The result is determined by collecting water samples from multiple sampling points in the watershed to be evaluated, testing their PFOA concentrations, and finally determining the results based on the PFOA concentrations at multiple sampling points.

[0086] pass Figure 5 It can be seen that the overall ecological risk of PFOA in the assessed basin is at low risk (HQ<0.1), but the HQ value in the pollution emission area is still relatively high (HQ≥0.01); the PFOA ecological risk shows a significant runoff cycle characteristic, and the ecological risk quotient of the entire area is lower than 0.01 during the dry season; during the normal water season, a relatively high-risk area (HQ≥0.01) with the pollution emission node as the core is formed, accounting for 2.8% of the total basin area; during the flood season, the relatively high-risk area (HQ≥0.01) further expands, and the proportion of risk area increases to 31.8%.

[0087] It is worth noting that the reference Figure 6 Although the aqueous concentration of PFOA in the flood season is lower than that in the dry and normal water seasons, its comprehensive ecological risk increases instead. This phenomenon is mainly due to the spatiotemporal coupling between the sensitive life stages of aquatic organisms and the distribution of pollutant exposure in the flood season, which leads to a significant increase in biological effective toxicity.

[0088] After determining the ecological risk distribution of PFOA contamination in the watershed to be assessed, the following protection recommendations can be made: In light of the runoff cycle characteristics of PFOA ecological risk, a three-dimensional prevention and control system featuring "zoning control, time-focused focus, and habitat protection" is recommended. During the normal and high-flow seasons, pollution interception measures should be strengthened in areas surrounding pollution emission nodes upstream of the watershed. The intensity of pollution spread should be reduced through the construction of ecological buffer zones and upgrades to drainage pretreatment systems. A dynamic monitoring and early warning mechanism should be established based on the runoff cycle. During the high-flow season, when aquatic organisms are sensitive, emergency controls such as watershed discharge restrictions and strengthened water source protection should be implemented. When necessary, ecological water replenishment and dilution measures should be implemented in high-risk river sections. Furthermore, a cross-sectoral joint ecological risk assessment mechanism should be established, incorporating biological toxicity responses into the current water quality assessment system to achieve a transition and upgrade from "concentration control" to "ecological effect control."

[0089] Example 2 An embodiment of the present invention further provides a PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment device, which is mainly used to execute the PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment method provided in the above-mentioned embodiment 1. The PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment device provided in the embodiment of the present invention is specifically introduced below.

[0090] Figure 7 A functional module diagram of a PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the device mainly includes: a first determination module 11, a first acquisition module 12, a calculation module 13, a second acquisition module 14, a second determination module 15, and a third determination module 16, wherein: The first determination module 11 is used to determine the runoff period division result of the watershed to be evaluated and the position data of each monitoring section.

[0091] The first acquisition module 12 is used to obtain the PFOA exposure concentration prediction model of the watershed to be assessed, the biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in the watershed to be assessed, and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints; wherein the biological sensitive periods include: the breeding period and the larval development period.

[0092] The calculation module 13 is used to calculate the comprehensive thresholds of all toxic endpoints under different runoff cycles based on the runoff cycle division results, the biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints.

[0093] The second acquisition module 14 is used to obtain the PFOA emission concentration, emission rate, flow data and water level data of each monitoring section of the pollution source at the target time.

[0094] The second determination module 15 is used to determine the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time based on the PFOA exposure concentration prediction model, PFOA emission concentration, emission rate, flow data and water level data of each monitoring section.

[0095] The third determination module 16 is used to determine the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution of the watershed to be assessed at the target time based on the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the target comprehensive threshold and the preset risk indication threshold; wherein the target comprehensive threshold represents the comprehensive threshold of all toxic endpoints in the runoff cycle to which the target time belongs.

[0096] When using the device provided by the embodiment of the present invention to assess the ecological risk of PFOA pollution in the watershed to be assessed, it is necessary to calculate the comprehensive thresholds of all toxic endpoints under different runoff cycles based on the runoff cycle division results of the watershed to be assessed, the biological sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in the watershed to be assessed, and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints. Then, after determining the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the comprehensive thresholds of the toxicity endpoints under the corresponding runoff cycle and the preset risk indication threshold are combined to determine the ecological risk distribution of PFOA pollution in the watershed to be assessed at the target time. By coupling the runoff cycle of the watershed with the biological sensitive period of aquatic organisms, the device solves the problem that existing assessment methods ignore the dynamic changes of pollutant concentrations with the runoff cycle and do not incorporate the differences in toxicity responses during the biological sensitive period, effectively improving the temporal and spatial accuracy of PFOA ecological risk assessment.

[0097] Optionally, the first determining module 11 includes: The acquisition unit is used to obtain the runoff data of the watershed to be evaluated within a historical time period.

[0098] The first calculation unit is used to calculate the average runoff of the watershed to be evaluated in each month based on the runoff data of the historical time period.

[0099] The first determining unit is used to determine the runoff period division result based on the percentile method and the average runoff volume of each month.

[0100] Optionally, the calculation module 13 includes: The second calculation unit is used to calculate the concentration threshold of each toxicity endpoint based on the toxicity data of multiple aquatic organisms at different toxicity endpoints.

[0101] The statistical and determination unit is used to count the number of species in each biologically sensitive period on a monthly basis based on the biologically sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms, so as to determine the dominant period of each month; wherein the dominant period includes any of the following: breeding period, larval development period, and non-sensitive period.

[0102] The second determining unit is used to determine the distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle based on the runoff cycle division result and the dominant period of each month.

[0103] The third determination unit is used to determine the weight of each toxicity endpoint under different runoff cycles based on the distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle.

[0104] The third calculation unit is used to calculate the comprehensive threshold value of all toxic endpoints under different runoff cycles based on the concentration threshold value of each toxic endpoint and the weight of each toxic endpoint under different runoff cycles.

[0105] Optionally, the counting and determining unit is specifically configured to: If the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is less than the preset threshold, the dominant period of the target month is determined to be the non-sensitive period; where the target month refers to any month in a year.

[0106] If the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and the number of species in the breeding period is greater than or equal to the number of species in the juvenile development period, the dominant period of the target month is determined to be the breeding period.

[0107] If the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and the number of species in the breeding period is less than the number of species in the juvenile development period, the dominant period of the target month is determined to be the juvenile development period.

[0108] Optionally, the runoff cycle includes: high water season, low water season and normal water season; the toxicity endpoints include: biochemical toxicity, growth inhibition, reproductive toxicity and lethality; the third determination unit is specifically used to: The proportion of the reproductive period in the target runoff cycle is calculated to obtain a first proportion, and the first proportion is used as the weight of the reproductive toxicity in the toxicity endpoint; wherein the target runoff cycle represents any period in the runoff cycle.

[0109] The proportion of the larval development period in the target runoff cycle was calculated to obtain the second proportion, which was used as the weight of growth inhibition in the toxicity endpoint.

[0110] The weights of biochemical toxicity and lethality in toxicity endpoints were determined based on the weights of reproductive toxicity and growth inhibition, with the constraints that the weights of biochemical toxicity and lethality in toxicity endpoints were equal and the sum of the weights of all toxicity endpoints was 1.

[0111] Optionally, the preset risk indication threshold includes: a first risk indication threshold and a second risk indication threshold; and the third determination module is specifically configured to: Based on the PFOA exposure concentration and target comprehensive threshold at the target location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the risk indication coefficient of the target location at the target time is calculated; where the target location represents any location in the watershed to be assessed.

[0112] If the risk indication coefficient is less than the first risk indication threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result at the target location at the target time is determined to be low risk.

[0113] If the risk indication coefficient is greater than or equal to the first risk indication threshold and less than the second risk indication threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result at the target location at the target time is determined to be medium risk.

[0114] If the risk indication coefficient is greater than or equal to the second risk indication threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result at the target location at the target time is determined to be high risk.

[0115] Based on the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment results of each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution is determined.

[0116] Alternatively, the formula for calculating the comprehensive threshold value of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff periods is expressed as: ;in, Indicates the runoff period Next The weight of the toxicity endpoints, Indicates the The concentration threshold for the toxic endpoint, Indicates the runoff period The combined threshold for all toxicity endpoints is The values ​​range from 1 to 3, representing the flood season, dry season and normal water season respectively. The values ​​range from 1 to 4, representing biotoxicity, growth inhibition, reproductive toxicity and lethality, respectively.

[0117] Example 3 See also Figure 8 An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes: a processor 60, a memory 61, a bus 62 and a communication interface 63, wherein the processor 60, the communication interface 63 and the memory 61 are connected via the bus 62; the processor 60 is used to execute an executable module stored in the memory 61, such as a computer program.

[0118] Memory 61 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk drive. Communication between the system network element and at least one other network element is achieved via at least one communication interface 63 (which may be wired or wireless), and may utilize the Internet, a wide area network, a local area network, a metropolitan area network, or the like.

[0119] The bus 62 may be an ISA bus, a PCI bus, or an EISA bus. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, Figure 8 Only one bidirectional arrow is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0120] Among them, the memory 61 is used to store programs, and the processor 60 executes the program after receiving the execution instruction. The method executed by the device defined by the process disclosed in any embodiment of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the processor 60 or implemented by the processor 60.

[0121] The processor 60 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by hardware integrated logic circuits or software instructions within the processor 60. The processor 60 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It may implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly executed by a hardware decoding processor or by a combination of hardware and software modules within the decoding processor. The software modules may be located in storage media well-known in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or the like. The storage medium is located in the memory 61 , and the processor 60 reads the information in the memory 61 and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

[0122] The embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product for a PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment method, device, and electronic device, including a computer-readable storage medium storing a non-volatile program code executable by a processor. The instructions included in the program code can be used to execute the method described in the previous method embodiments. For specific implementation, please refer to the method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0123] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0124] If the functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a processor-executable, non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage media include various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0125] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not require further definition or explanation in subsequent drawings.

[0126] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" and the like indicate positions or locations based on the positions shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or locations in which the inventive product is typically placed when in use. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used solely to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0127] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "overhanging" do not necessarily imply that a component must be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted.

[0128] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0129] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological risk assessment of PFOA-contaminated watersheds, characterized in that: include: Determine the runoff period division results of the watershed to be assessed and the location data of each monitoring section; Obtain a PFOA exposure concentration prediction model for the watershed to be assessed, as well as biologically sensitive periods and toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints for various aquatic organisms at various trophic levels within the watershed to be assessed; wherein the biologically sensitive periods include the reproductive and larval development periods; Calculating comprehensive thresholds for all toxic endpoints under different runoff cycles based on the runoff cycle division results, the biologically sensitive periods of the various aquatic organisms, and toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints; Obtaining the PFOA emission concentration, emission rate, flow data and water level data of each monitoring section at the target time; Determine the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time based on the PFOA exposure concentration prediction model, the PFOA emission concentration, the emission rate, the flow data and the water level data of each monitoring section; Based on the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the target comprehensive threshold and the preset risk indication threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution of the watershed to be assessed at the target time is determined; wherein, the target comprehensive threshold represents the comprehensive threshold of all toxic endpoints in the runoff cycle to which the target time belongs.

2. The PFOA pollution watershed ecological risk assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determine the runoff period division results of the watershed to be assessed, including: Obtain runoff data for the watershed to be assessed within a historical period; Calculate the average runoff volume of the watershed to be assessed in each month based on the runoff volume data of the historical time period; The runoff period division result is determined based on the percentile method and the average runoff volume of each month.

3. The PFOA pollution watershed ecological risk assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the runoff period division results, the biologically sensitive periods of the various aquatic organisms and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints, the comprehensive thresholds of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff periods are calculated, including: Calculating the concentration threshold for each toxicity endpoint based on the toxicity data of the multiple aquatic organisms at different toxicity endpoints; Based on the biologically sensitive periods of the various aquatic organisms, the number of species in each biologically sensitive period is counted on a monthly basis to determine the dominant period of each month; wherein the dominant period includes any of the following: breeding period, larval development period, and non-sensitive period; Based on the runoff cycle division results and the monthly dominant period, determining distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle; Based on the distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle, the weight of each toxicity endpoint under different runoff cycles was determined; Based on the concentration threshold of each toxic endpoint and the weight of each toxic endpoint under different runoff cycles, the comprehensive threshold of all toxic endpoints under the different runoff cycles is calculated.

4. The PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of species in each biologically sensitive period is counted monthly to determine the dominant period each month, including: If the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is less than a preset threshold, the dominant period of the target month is determined to be a non-sensitive period; wherein the target month refers to any month of the year; If the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and the number of species in the breeding period is greater than or equal to the number of species in the juvenile development period, then the dominant period in the target month is determined to be the breeding period; If the number of species in the biologically sensitive period in the target month is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and the number of species in the breeding period is less than the number of species in the larval development period, the dominant period of the target month is determined to be the larval development period.

5. The PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The runoff cycle includes: high water season, low water season and normal water season; the toxicity endpoints include: biochemical toxicity, growth inhibition, reproductive toxicity and lethality; Based on the distribution data of the dominant period in each runoff cycle, the weight of each toxicity endpoint under different runoff cycles is determined, including: Calculating the proportion of the reproductive period in the target runoff cycle to obtain a first proportion, and using the first proportion as the weight of the reproductive toxicity in the toxicity endpoint; wherein the target runoff cycle represents any period in the runoff cycle; Calculate the proportion of the larval development period in the target runoff cycle to obtain a second proportion, and use the second proportion as the weight of growth inhibition in the toxicity endpoint; The weights of biochemical toxicity and lethality in toxicity endpoints were determined based on the weights of reproductive toxicity and growth inhibition, with the constraints that the weights of biochemical toxicity and lethality in toxicity endpoints were equal and the sum of the weights of all toxicity endpoints was 1.

6. The PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset risk indication threshold includes: a first risk indication threshold and a second risk indication threshold; Based on the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the target comprehensive threshold, and the preset risk indicator threshold, the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution of the watershed to be assessed at the target time is determined, including: Calculating a risk indicator coefficient for a target location within the watershed to be assessed at a target time based on the PFOA exposure concentration at the target location within the watershed to be assessed at a target time and the target comprehensive threshold; wherein the target location represents any location within the watershed to be assessed; If the risk indication coefficient is less than the first risk indication threshold, determining that the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result of the target location at the target time is low risk; If the risk indication coefficient is greater than or equal to the first risk indication threshold and less than the second risk indication threshold, then the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result of the target location at the target time is determined to be medium risk; If the risk indication coefficient is greater than or equal to the second risk indication threshold, determining that the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment result of the target location at the target time is high risk; The PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution is determined based on the PFOA pollution ecological risk assessment results of each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time.

7. The method for ecological risk assessment of PFOA-contaminated watershed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The formula for the comprehensive threshold of all toxicity endpoints under different runoff cycles is expressed as: ;in, Indicates the runoff period Next The weight of the toxicity endpoints, Indicates the The concentration threshold for the toxic endpoint, Indicates the runoff period The combined threshold for all toxicity endpoints is The values ​​range from 1 to 3, representing the flood season, dry season and normal water season respectively. The values ​​range from 1 to 4, representing biotoxicity, growth inhibition, reproductive toxicity and lethality, respectively.

8. A PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment device, characterized in that: include: The first determination module is used to determine the runoff period division result of the watershed to be evaluated and the location data of each monitoring section; The first acquisition module is used to obtain a PFOA exposure concentration prediction model for the watershed to be assessed, biologically sensitive periods of various aquatic organisms at various trophic levels within the watershed to be assessed, and toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints; wherein the biologically sensitive periods include: the reproductive period and the larval development period; a calculation module for calculating the comprehensive thresholds of all toxic endpoints under different runoff cycles based on the runoff cycle division results, the biological sensitive periods of the multiple aquatic organisms, and the toxicity data at different toxicity endpoints; The second acquisition module is used to obtain the PFOA emission concentration, emission rate, flow data and water level data of each monitoring section at the target time; A second determination module is configured to determine the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at a target time based on the PFOA exposure concentration prediction model, the PFOA emission concentration, the emission rate, the flow data and the water level data of each monitoring section; The third determination module is used to determine the PFOA pollution ecological risk distribution of the watershed to be assessed at the target time based on the PFOA exposure concentration at each location in the watershed to be assessed at the target time, the target comprehensive threshold and the preset risk indication threshold; wherein the target comprehensive threshold represents the comprehensive threshold of all toxic endpoints in the runoff cycle to which the target time belongs.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the PFOA-contaminated watershed ecological risk assessment method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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