Super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupling thermal power frequency modulation system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power system frequency modulation, and particularly provides a super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupling thermal power frequency modulation system and method. The system comprises a multi-energy-flow collaborative core assembly which comprises a super capacitor energy storage unit, a hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit and a thermal power generating unit collaborative module; the three-dimensional coupling collaborative link comprises electrical coupling, thermal coupling and control coupling; the system solves the problems of delayed response of traditional thermal power frequency modulation and insufficient adaptability of a single energy storage technology, and realizes collaborative optimization of stable control of power grid frequency and efficient consumption of renewable energy sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power system frequency regulation, and in particular to a super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency regulation system and method. Background Art

[0002] Driven by the dual carbon goals, the proportion of intermittent power sources such as wind power and photovoltaics connected to the grid continues to increase, significantly reducing grid inertia. Field data shows that when renewable energy penetration exceeds 30%, grid frequency fluctuations increase by 50% compared to traditional systems, and the average daily frequency deviation of ±0.5Hz increases from 2 to over 6. Traditional thermal power units are limited by mechanical delays in the turbine speed control system (electro-hydraulic converter response time > 500ms) and thermal inertia of high-temperature components (main steam pipe temperature change rate < 5°C / min). This results in a lag time of up to 2-3 seconds between receiving frequency regulation commands and actual power output, and ramp rates typically fall below 10% of rated power per minute, making them unable to meet the power demands of sudden increases in wind power (e.g., 30MW / 10 seconds) or sudden decreases in photovoltaic power (e.g., 20MW / 5 seconds). There are significant bottlenecks in the coordination between existing energy storage technologies and thermal power: although reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs) can achieve cross-day energy storage through electricity-hydrogen-electricity cycles, when they operate at 650-1000℃, the ion diffusion rate of the electrode material is affected by temperature and shows hysteresis characteristics, the power regulation rate is only 1-2% of the rated power / minute, and the mode switching (electrolysis / fuel cell mode) requires a temperature balance stage (taking 5-10 minutes), which makes it difficult to track the dynamic frequency regulation needs of thermal power units; although supercapacitors have a response speed of <100ms and a power density of 5-10kW / kg, their energy storage capacity is limited by physical size, and the continuous discharge time is usually <30 minutes, which cannot independently fill the energy gap in the frequency regulation blind spots of thermal power units (such as continuous load fluctuations for more than 1 hour). This technological gap has resulted in thermal power units in the existing system having to bear more than 70% of the frequency regulation power shortage. Actual measured data from a 300MW thermal power unit showed that frequent frequency regulation increased the number of thermal stress cycles in the high-pressure cylinder from 800 times / year to 1500 times / year, shortening the equipment life by about 25%. At the same time, the wind and solar power curtailment rate was as high as 20%-25%. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides an ultra-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency regulation system and method to solve the problems of delayed response of traditional thermal power frequency regulation and insufficient adaptability of single energy storage technology, and to achieve coordinated optimization of grid frequency stability control and efficient absorption of renewable energy.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation system, the system comprising: Multi-energy flow collaborative core components, including supercapacitor energy storage units, hydrogen fuel cell RSOC units, and thermal power unit collaborative modules; three-dimensional coupling collaborative links, including electrical coupling, thermal coupling, and control coupling; The supercapacitor energy storage unit adopts an electrochemical double-layer structure and is directly connected to the 6kV busbar of the thermal power unit through a bidirectional DC / DC converter. The supercapacitor energy storage unit has an integrated temperature management system and operates in an environment of -20℃-80℃. Its power output characteristics are optimized and matched with the regulating action characteristics of the thermal power unit through joint simulation to ensure smooth power relay transition during frequency modulation. The hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit consists of a stack module and a hydrogen storage device. The stack module includes a three-layer structure of anode, electrolyte, and cathode. It is connected to the thermal power unit through a heat pipe heat exchanger. The smoke system is coupled to utilize the waste heat of 300-500℃ to increase the heating rate of the RSOC startup phase from 25℃ per minute to 50℃ per minute, while reducing the activation energy of the electrochemical reaction; the electro-hydraulic control system DEH of the thermal power unit collaborative module is connected to the energy storage status monitoring signal, and the steam turbine throttle opening instruction is dynamically adjusted through the fuzzy proportional-integral-differential PID algorithm, expanding the single-input control mode of frequency deviation-throttle action to a dual-input control mode of frequency deviation-energy storage status, so that the throttle action advance time reaches 50-100ms.

[0005] Optionally, the electrical coupling comprises: a supercapacitor and an RSOC connected in parallel to the low-voltage side of the excitation transformer of the thermal power unit, forming a three-level power regulation channel of supercapacitor-RSOC-thermal power unit; when the frequency deviation is less than 0.2 Hz, only the thermal power unit participates in the regulation; when the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.2 Hz and less than 0.5 Hz, the supercapacitor and the thermal power unit cooperate; when the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.5 Hz, the three act together to reduce the frequency regulation power fluctuation amplitude of the thermal power unit from ±15 MW to less than ±8 MW; Thermal coupling: The high-temperature waste heat of the RSOC stack is recovered through the thermal oil circuit and used to heat the fuel gas of the thermal power unit; the 50-80°C waste heat generated by the supercapacitor charging and discharging is used to preheat the RSOC intake air, forming a waste heat cascade utilization chain of the thermal power unit exhaust-RSOC-supercapacitor; The energy management system (EMS) uses a hierarchical control architecture. The upper layer generates a 24-hour energy storage scheduling plan based on weather forecasts and load predictions. The lower layer performs second-level collaborative control based on real-time data from the wide-area measurement system (WAMS). Bidirectional data interaction with the DCS system of the thermal power unit is achieved through the industrial communication protocol OPC UA.

[0006] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for frequency modulation of a super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with a thermal power plant. The method is implemented based on the above-mentioned super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with a thermal power plant frequency modulation system. The method comprises: Step 1: Model the multi-physics coupling and define the parameters interactively; Step 2: According to step 1, perform layered processing based on the frequency deviation of the thermal power frequency regulation blind area; Step 3: Based on step 2, a dual energy storage synergy strategy for thermal stress control of thermal power units is constructed; Step 4: Determine the multi-constraint safety control of the life of the thermal power unit according to step 3; Step 5: According to step 4, perform multi-objective optimization based on the life cycle of the thermal power unit.

[0007] Optionally, step 1 includes: The supercapacitor dynamic response model is based on the power gap in the initial stage of frequency regulation of thermal power units. The supercapacitor energy storage state equation is established, and its expression is: ; in, For the moment t Supercapacitor energy storage, its value range is affected by and constraint, and Separate moments The minimum and maximum values ​​of supercapacitor energy storage; For the moment t -1Supercapacitor energy storage; is the charge and discharge power, which is subject to the maximum charge and discharge power limit; The sampling period is 60 seconds, which is consistent with the sampling period of the DEH system of the thermal power unit to ensure data synchronization; the supercapacitor dynamic response model is corrected by fitting the internal resistance change curve of the supercapacitor at different temperatures. The temperature coefficient, for energy storage efficiency; RSOC electricity-hydrogen conversion and heat transfer coupling model, the hydrogen storage expression of electrolysis mode is: ; in, For the moment t The hydrogen storage quality is affected by the maximum capacity of the hydrogen storage tank. limit; For the moment t -1 Hydrogen storage mass; is the electrolysis power, satisfying And the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output, is the maximum value of electrolysis power; is the electrolysis efficiency, which is positively correlated with the RSOC operating temperature; It is the higher calorific value of hydrogen; The power generation expression of fuel cell mode is: ; in, is the power generation power, which is affected by limit, is the maximum value of the generated power; To consume hydrogen quality, meet ; For power generation efficiency; The expression for waste heat utilization of thermal power units is: ; in, RSOC intake air temperature is controlled by controlling the opening of the waste heat valve. ; is the exhaust temperature of the thermal power unit, is the heat transfer efficiency; is the ambient temperature; The frequency regulation characteristic model expression of thermal power units is: ; in, is the power of thermal power unit; is the base load power; is the frequency adjustment amount, which is affected by the ramp rate Constraints and satisfies , and are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the thermal power unit power respectively; the thermal power unit frequency regulation characteristic model is established by collecting the thermal stress data of the thermal power unit under different loads. safety regulatory boundaries.

[0008] Optionally, step 2 includes: Real-time frequency monitoring and frequency regulation capability assessment, using synchronized phasor measurement PMU devices deployed at hub substations to collect grid frequency , calculated and rated values The deviation, its deviation The expression is: ; The current frequency regulation capability of thermal power units is evaluated synchronously, and the expression is: ; in, Provides real-time available frequency modulation power for thermal power units; when and At rated power, the energy storage coordination mechanism is triggered; The time scale layered allocation of frequency modulation power, the dominant layer expression of thermal power units is: ; in, is the rated power of the thermal power unit, The thermal power regulation coefficient is 300MW / Hz, which is used to reflect the static regulation characteristics of the thermal power unit to the frequency deviation; is the system capacity; The proportion of thermal power generation is 0.4, which is used to ensure exist within the scope; The supercapacitor cooperative layer expression is: ; in, is the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor, is the supercapacitor regulation coefficient, which is 500MW / Hz to reflect its fast response advantage; As the proportion, the value is set to 0.5, which is used to fill the power gap during the speed regulation delay period of the thermal power unit; The RSOC support layer expression is: ; in, is the rated discharge power of the hydrogen fuel cell, is the RSOC adjustment coefficient, which is set to 200MW / Hz to take into account its thermal inertia delay; To bear the proportion, the value is 0.1, which is responsible for the long-term energy balance; is the total system capacity, which represents the total power capacity of the power grid or associated systems; Layered processing logic: When a sudden drop in frequency is detected, the DEH system of the thermal power unit synchronously issues a command to increase the throttle. During this stage, the supercapacitor takes on 50% of the power shortfall to prevent excessive axial displacement of the steam turbine caused by excessive throttle movement. After the command to increase the throttle is issued, the power of the thermal power unit begins to climb, and the supercapacitor continues to support it for 60 seconds. At this time, the thermal power unit reaches 80% of the frequency modulation output. During this period, the RSOC completes preheating and starts, taking over the remaining 20% ​​power shortfall.

[0009] Optionally, step 3 includes: Supercapacitor dynamic power buffering: When the frequency deviation is greater than 0.3Hz, the supercapacitor performs millisecond-level response, and its expression is: ; in, is the supercapacitor discharge power, is the maximum discharge power of the supercapacitor, is the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor; At the same time: , is the available power of the supercapacitor; the energy space-time transfer between RSOC and thermal power units, and hydrogen storage during the valley period: when the output of the thermal power unit is less than 10% of the base load power, RSOC starts the electrolysis mode, and its expression is: ; in, is the wind power, is the photovoltaic power, is the load power; The value is 0.7, which is used to ensure that the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output; the hydrogen generated in this stage is stored in a high-pressure tank to reserve energy for the peak load at noon the next day; Hydrogen release during peak hours: When the grid load is greater than the maximum output of the thermal power unit, RSOC switches to fuel cell mode, and its expression is: ; Joint frequency regulation logic chain: After the frequency deviation is triggered, the supercapacitor responds within 0.1 second, taking on 50% of the shortfall, and the DEH system of the thermal power unit operates synchronously; within 2-60 seconds, the supercapacitor continues to provide support, the RSOC uses the waste heat of the thermal power unit to increase the temperature, and the power of the thermal power unit increases; after 60 seconds, the RSOC reaches the rated operating temperature, takes over the supercapacitor to take on the 20% shortfall, the supercapacitor enters the charging state, and the thermal power unit maintains base load regulation.

[0010] Optionally, step 4 includes: The interaction constraints between dual energy storage and thermal power, and the support boundary of supercapacitors, are expressed as follows: ; RSOC thermal safety constraint, its expression is: ; The minimum output of thermal power units is expressed as: ; Energy balance and frequency quality control, power supply and demand balance, its expression is: ; in, , used to ensure real-time power balance; is the charge and discharge power; Frequency quality index, its expression is: ; in, Any time within the integration period The frequency deviation, is the integral time variable, used to traverse the entire integral time period; Control the frequency deviation integral value to meet the grid assessment requirements; Safety control logic: When the vibration of the thermal power unit is greater than 80μm or the main steam temperature is greater than 540℃, it automatically switches to energy storage priority mode: the supercapacitor assumes 100% of the frequency regulation power, and the thermal power unit maintains its current output; the RSOC quickly releases 50% of the stored hydrogen to ensure frequency stability within 30 minutes; after the thermal power unit recovers, it gradually switches back to the coordinated mode at a rate of 5% per minute.

[0011] Optionally, step 5 includes: The objective function with the minimization of the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units as the core is constructed, and its expression is: ; in, In order to minimize the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units, For fuel costs, is the supercapacitor operation and maintenance cost, RSOC operation and maintenance costs, For the penalty cost, For aging costs; , For fuel prices, For power generation efficiency; , is the aging coefficient, which quantifies the life loss caused by thermal stress of thermal power units; Optimization strategy iteration based on load characteristics: Base load optimization: Use Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) to generate typical daily load curves for thermal power units and optimize the energy storage synergy ratio; Base load period: supercapacitors bear 30%, RSOC bears 20%, and thermal power units bear 50%, maintaining the thermal power units at 80%-100% of the rated power; Low period: supercapacitors bear 50%, RSOC bears 40%, and thermal power units bear 10%; Start-stop optimization: When the frequency deviation is continuously greater than 0.5Hz and the thermal power unit has reached its maximum output, the RSOC emergency energy release is triggered, and its expression is: ; in, Emergency power release for RSOC, is the maximum power of RSOC; Extend the unplanned downtime interval to more than 8,000 hours, reducing startup and shutdown costs by 15%-20%; Optimized solution logic: The Gurobi solver is used to dynamically adjust the energy storage strategy based on real-time DCS data from thermal power units. When the temperature difference in the main steam pipeline is greater than 50°C, the RSOC output ratio is increased to 30%, reducing the thermal power unit's throttling action. When the supercapacitor's remaining charge (SOC) is less than 20%, it is prioritized for charging and the coordination ratio is reduced.

[0012] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored program, wherein when the program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0013] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; a memory; and one or more computer programs, wherein the one or more computer programs are stored in the memory, and the one or more computer programs include instructions, which, when executed by the device, enable the device to execute the super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0014] In the technical solution provided by the present invention, the system includes a multi-energy flow collaborative core component, which includes a supercapacitor energy storage unit, a hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit and a thermal power unit collaborative module; a three-dimensional coupling collaborative link, which includes electrical coupling, thermal coupling and control coupling; the supercapacitor energy storage unit adopts an electrochemical double-layer structure and is directly connected to the 6kV bus of the thermal power unit through a bidirectional DC / DC converter; the supercapacitor energy storage unit has an internal integrated temperature management system and operates in an environment of -20℃-80℃. Its power output characteristics are matched with the regulating action characteristics of the thermal power unit through joint simulation optimization to ensure smooth transition of power relay during frequency modulation; the hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit consists of a stack module and a hydrogen storage device, and the stack module includes a three-layer structure of anode, electrolyte and cathode. By coupling the heat pipe heat exchanger with the exhaust system of the thermal power unit, the waste heat of 300-500℃ is used to increase the heating rate of the RSOC startup phase from 25℃ per minute to 50℃ per minute, while reducing the activation energy of the electrochemical reaction; the electro-hydraulic control system DEH of the thermal power unit collaborative module is connected to the energy storage status monitoring signal, and the steam turbine throttle opening instruction is dynamically adjusted through the fuzzy proportional-integral-differential PID algorithm, and the single-input control mode of frequency deviation-throttle action is expanded to a dual-input control mode of frequency deviation-energy storage state, so that the throttle action advance time reaches 50-100ms. This system solves the problems of delayed response of traditional thermal power frequency regulation and insufficient adaptability of single energy storage technology, and realizes the coordinated optimization of grid frequency stability control and efficient absorption of renewable energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for frequency modulation of a super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with thermal power provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] It should be understood that the embodiments described are only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "the" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present invention are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0020] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein simply describes a relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A alone, A and B together, or B alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this document generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects.

[0021] The word "if," as used herein, may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting," depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if (stated condition or event) is detected" may be interpreted as "when it is determined" or "in response to the determination" or "when detecting (stated condition or event)" or "in response to detecting (stated condition or event)," depending on the context.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: Multi-energy flow collaborative core components, including supercapacitor energy storage units, hydrogen fuel cell RSOC units, and thermal power unit collaborative modules; three-dimensional coupling collaborative links, including electrical coupling, thermal coupling, and control coupling; The supercapacitor energy storage unit utilizes an electrochemical double-layer structure and is directly connected to the 6kV busbar of the thermal power unit via a bidirectional DC / DC converter. Its charge and discharge efficiency is greater than or equal to 92%, and its response time is less than 100ms. It is specifically designed to smooth transient power fluctuations during the delay period (0-2 seconds) of the thermal power unit's speed regulation system. The supercapacitor energy storage unit has an integrated temperature management system and operates in an ambient temperature range of -20°C to 80°C. Its power output characteristics are optimized and matched to the thermal power unit's throttle characteristics through co-simulation to ensure smooth power relay transition during frequency regulation. The hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit consists of a stack module and a hydrogen storage device, achieving an efficiency of greater than or equal to 80% in electrolysis mode and 80%-90% in fuel cell mode. The stack module comprises a three-layer structure: anode, electrolyte, and cathode. Coupled with the thermal power unit's exhaust system via a heat pipe exchanger, the stack utilizes waste heat from 300-500°C to increase the RSOC startup temperature rise rate from 25°C per minute to 50°C per minute, while also reducing the activation energy of the electrochemical reaction and improving the power regulation rate by 30% during steady-state operation. The capacity of the hydrogen storage device is designed according to the maximum wind curtailment rate of the thermal power unit during the off-peak period to meet the cross-day energy storage demand; taking the gas turbine as an example, the electro-hydraulic control system DEH of the thermal power unit collaborative module is connected to the energy storage status monitoring signal, and the steam turbine throttle opening instruction is dynamically adjusted through the fuzzy proportional-integral-differential PID algorithm, and the single-input control mode of frequency deviation-throttle action is expanded to a dual-input control mode of frequency deviation-energy storage status, so that the throttle action advance time reaches 50-100ms.

[0023] In the embodiment of the present invention, electrical coupling is performed: the supercapacitor and the RSOC are connected in parallel to the low-voltage side of the excitation transformer of the thermal power unit, forming a three-level power regulation channel of supercapacitor-RSOC-thermal power unit. When the frequency deviation is less than 0.2 Hz, only the thermal power unit participates in the regulation. When the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.2 Hz and less than 0.5 Hz, the supercapacitor and the thermal power unit cooperate. When the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.5 Hz, the three work together to reduce the power fluctuation amplitude of the thermal power unit from ±15 MW to less than ±8 MW. Thermal coupling: The high-temperature waste heat (300-400°C) of the RSOC stack is recovered through a thermal oil circuit and used to heat the fuel gas of the thermal power unit, increasing its calorific value by 5%-8%. The 50-80°C waste heat generated by the supercapacitor charging and discharging is used to preheat the RSOC intake air, forming a cascade waste heat utilization chain from the thermal power unit exhaust to the RSOC and then to the supercapacitor, improving the overall energy efficiency of the system by 7%-10%. The energy management system (EMS) uses a hierarchical control architecture. The upper layer generates a 24-hour energy storage scheduling plan based on weather forecasts and load predictions. The lower layer performs second-level collaborative control based on real-time data from the wide-area measurement system (WAMS). Bidirectional data interaction with the DCS system of the thermal power unit is achieved through the industrial communication protocol OPC UA, with communication delay time less than 50ms.

[0024] Figure 2 The flow chart of the method for frequency modulation of super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled with thermal power provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the method is implemented based on a super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation system, and the method includes: Step 1: Model the multi-physics coupling and define the parameters interactively.

[0025] In the embodiment of the present invention, step 1 includes: The supercapacitor dynamic response model is based on the power gap in the initial stage of frequency regulation of thermal power units. The supercapacitor energy storage state equation is established, and its expression is: ; in, For the moment t Supercapacitor energy storage, its value range is affected by (rated capacity 10%) and (rated capacity 100%) constraint, and Separate moments The minimum and maximum values ​​of supercapacitor energy storage; For the moment t -1Supercapacitor energy storage; is the charge and discharge power (charging is positive), which is subject to the maximum charge and discharge power limit; The sampling period is 60 seconds, which is consistent with the sampling period of the DEH system of the thermal power unit to ensure data synchronization; the dynamic response model of the supercapacitor is corrected by fitting the internal resistance change curve of the supercapacitor at different temperatures (-20℃-80℃). (90%-92%) temperature coefficient, providing accurate energy storage status feedback for power allocation in step 2, For energy storage efficiency.

[0026] RSOC electricity-hydrogen conversion and heat transfer coupling model, the hydrogen storage expression of electrolysis mode is: ; in, For the moment t The hydrogen storage quality is affected by the maximum capacity of the hydrogen storage tank. limit; For the moment t -1 Hydrogen storage mass; is the electrolysis power, satisfying And the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output, is the maximum value of electrolysis power; is the electrolysis efficiency (80%-85%), which is positively correlated with the RSOC operating temperature; High Heating Value (HHV); The power generation expression of fuel cell mode is: ; in, is the power generation power, which is affected by limit, is the maximum value of the generated power; To consume hydrogen quality, meet ; For power generation efficiency; The expression for waste heat utilization of thermal power units is: ; in, RSOC intake air temperature is controlled by controlling the opening of the waste heat valve. ; is the exhaust temperature of the thermal power unit, is the heat transfer efficiency; is the ambient temperature (AmbientTemperature); The frequency regulation characteristic model expression of thermal power units is: ; in, is the power of thermal power unit; is the base load power; is the frequency adjustment amount, which is affected by the ramp rate Constraints and satisfies , and are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the thermal power unit power respectively; the thermal power unit frequency regulation characteristic model is established by collecting the thermal stress data of the thermal power unit under different loads (such as high-pressure cylinder expansion difference, main steam pipe temperature difference), The safety adjustment boundary provides constraints for the collaborative strategy in step 3.

[0027] The supercapacitor SOC-power characteristic curve, RSOC temperature-efficiency mapping, and thermal power unit ramp rate-thermal stress model established in step 1 together form the mathematical basis for the frequency deviation hierarchical processing in step 2. For example, when calculating the frequency modulation power demand in step 2, the available frequency modulation power model of the thermal power unit in step 1 needs to be called: To determine the coordination ratio of energy storage units.

[0028] Step 2: According to step 1, perform layered processing based on the frequency deviation of the thermal power frequency regulation blind area.

[0029] In this embodiment of the present invention, step 2 includes: Real-time frequency monitoring and frequency regulation capability assessment, using synchronized phasor measurement PMU devices deployed at hub substations to collect grid frequency , calculated and rated values The deviation, its deviation The expression is: ; The current frequency regulation capability of thermal power units is evaluated synchronously, and the expression is: ; in, Provides real-time available frequency modulation power for thermal power units; when and At rated power, the energy storage coordination mechanism is triggered; Frequency modulation power is distributed in layers on a time scale. The expression for the dominant layer (0-2 seconds) of thermal power units is: ; in, is the rated power of the thermal power unit, The thermal power regulation coefficient is 300MW / Hz, which is used to reflect the static regulation characteristics of the thermal power unit to the frequency deviation; is the system capacity; The proportion of thermal power generation is 0.4, which is used to ensure exist within the scope; The expression of supercapacitor cooperative layer (2-60 seconds) is: ; in, is the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor, is the supercapacitor regulation coefficient, which is 500MW / Hz to reflect its fast response advantage; As the proportion, the value is set to 0.5, which is used to fill the power gap during the delay period of thermal power unit speed regulation; The expression for the RSOC support layer (>60 seconds) is: ; in, is the rated discharge power of the hydrogen fuel cell, is the RSOC adjustment coefficient, which is set to 200MW / Hz to take into account its thermal inertia delay; To bear the proportion, the value is 0.1, which is responsible for the long-term energy balance; System Capacity, which represents the total power capacity of the power grid or associated systems; Layered processing logic: When a sudden frequency drop is detected, the DEH system of the thermal power unit simultaneously issues a throttle-up command (0-2 seconds). During this period, the supercapacitor absorbs 50% of the power shortfall to prevent excessive throttle movement and turbine axial displacement. After the throttle-up command (2 seconds), the thermal power unit power begins to increase, and the supercapacitor continues to support it until 60 seconds, at which point the thermal power unit reaches 80% of the frequency modulation output. During this time, the RSOC completes preheating and startup, taking over and absorbing the remaining 20% ​​power shortfall. This layered strategy reduces the frequency modulation power change rate of the thermal power unit from 15% of rated power per minute to 7% of rated power per minute, reducing the thermal stress amplitude by 40%.

[0030] Output from step 2 and As the control instruction of step 3, Directly drive the charging and discharging of supercapacitors, This triggers RSOC mode switching and power regulation. For example, when >0, step 3 will start the fuel cell mode of RSOC and Determine whether additional waste heat input is needed.

[0031] Step 3: Based on step 2, a dual energy storage synergy strategy for thermal stress control of thermal power units is constructed.

[0032] In this embodiment of the present invention, step 3 includes: Supercapacitor dynamic power buffering: When the frequency deviation is greater than 0.3Hz, the supercapacitor performs millisecond-level response, and its expression is: ; in, is the supercapacitor discharge power, is the maximum discharge power of the supercapacitor, is the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor; At the same time: , is the available power of the supercapacitor; This prevents excessive discharge of supercapacitors, which could lead to loss of frequency regulation backup in thermal power units. Under certain operating conditions, the frequency suddenly dropped by 0.4Hz, resulting in a system power deficit of 80MW. The supercapacitors discharged 40MW within 100ms, reducing the power deficit during the thermal power unit's throttle operation to 40MW. The corresponding throttle opening rate of change dropped from 12% / second to 6% / second, and the peak thermal stress in the high-pressure cylinder dropped from 120MPa to 65MPa.

[0033] RSOC and the spatiotemporal energy transfer of thermal power units, hydrogen storage during the valley period: When the output of the thermal power unit is less than 10% of the base load power (such as 23:00-5:00 at night), RSOC starts the electrolysis mode, and its expression is: ; in, is the wind power, is the photovoltaic power, is the load power; The value is 0.7, which is used to ensure that the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output; the hydrogen generated in this stage is stored in a high-pressure tank to reserve energy for the peak load at noon the next day; Hydrogen release during peak hours: When the grid load is greater than the maximum output of the thermal power unit (e.g., 12:00-14:00 at noon), RSOC switches to fuel cell mode, and its expression is: ; The released hydrogen energy generation works in conjunction with supercapacitors to maintain the thermal power unit at an economic operating point of 90% of the rated power, and the power generation efficiency is increased by 3%.

[0034] The joint frequency regulation logic chain: After a frequency deviation is triggered, the supercapacitor responds within 0.1 seconds, absorbing 50% of the shortfall, and the thermal power unit's DEH system operates synchronously. For 2-60 seconds, the supercapacitor provides continuous support, while the RSOC utilizes the thermal power unit's waste heat to increase the unit's temperature, allowing the thermal power unit to increase its power. After 60 seconds, the RSOC reaches its rated operating temperature and takes over the supercapacitor's 20% shortfall. The supercapacitor then switches to charging, and the thermal power unit maintains baseload regulation. In this chain, the supercapacitor's rapid response buys the RSOC time to warm up, while the RSOC's long-term energy storage capacity offsets the supercapacitor's capacity limitations, reducing the number of thermal power unit frequency regulation operations from 15 per day to 8 per day.

[0035] The energy storage action in step 3 must meet the safety constraints of step 4, such as when the supercapacitor is discharged , runtime When the strategy in step 3 is likely to break these constraints, step 4 will trigger the safety control logic, such as limiting the power adjustment rate of RSOC or starting the protection charging of supercapacitors.

[0036] Step 4: According to step 3, determine the multi-constraint safety control of the thermal power unit life.

[0037] In this embodiment of the present invention, step 4 includes: The interaction constraints between dual energy storage and thermal power, and the support boundary of supercapacitors, are expressed as follows: ; RSOC thermal safety constraint, its expression is: ; To prevent the RSOC temperature from being too high and causing the electrolyte to crack, this constraint is achieved by controlling the opening of the waste heat valve.

[0038] In order to ensure stable combustion and avoid flameout, the minimum output of thermal power units is expressed as: ; Energy balance and frequency quality control, power supply and demand balance, its expression is: ; in, , used to ensure real-time power balance; is the charge and discharge power; Frequency quality index, its expression is: ; in, Any time within the integration period The frequency deviation, is the integral time variable, which is used to traverse the entire integral time period (e.g., from the FM start time 0 to any time t); Control the frequency deviation integral value to meet the grid assessment requirements (frequency deviation integral value ≤ 0.1Hz・s); Safety control logic: When the vibration of the thermal power unit is greater than 80μm or the main steam temperature is greater than 540℃, it automatically switches to energy storage priority mode: the supercapacitor assumes 100% of the frequency regulation power, and the thermal power unit maintains its current output; the RSOC quickly releases 50% of the stored hydrogen to ensure frequency stability within 30 minutes; after the thermal power unit recovers, it gradually switches back to the coordinated mode at a rate of 5% per minute.

[0039] This logic can prevent thermal power units from continuing to adjust frequency under abnormal operating conditions, which may lead to the expansion of faults. A case study showed that when the steam turbine bearing temperature exceeded the threshold, this mode reduced the risk of fault shutdown by 70%. The relationship between Steps 4 and 5: The constraints in Step 4 serve as hard boundaries for the optimization model in Step 5. For example, the minimum technical output constraint for thermal power units limits the power range of thermal power units in Step 5, and the frequency quality index affects the penalty weight of the objective function in Step 5. The optimization results of Step 5 must be returned to Step 4 to verify that all constraints are met. If not, the optimization parameters must be adjusted and the solution must be repeated.

[0040] Step 5: According to step 4, perform multi-objective optimization based on the life cycle of the thermal power unit.

[0041] In this embodiment of the present invention, step 5 includes: The objective function with the minimization of the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units as the core is constructed, and its expression is: ; in, In order to minimize the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units, For fuel costs, is the supercapacitor operation and maintenance cost, RSOC operation and maintenance costs, For the penalty cost, For aging costs; , For fuel prices, For power generation efficiency; , is the aging coefficient, which quantifies the life loss caused by thermal stress of the thermal power unit. This objective function organically combines the operating economy and life cycle management of the thermal power unit by quantifying the fuel cost and equipment aging loss, providing the core calculation basis for the subsequent optimization strategy iteration based on load characteristics.

[0042] Optimization strategy iteration based on load characteristics: Base load optimization: Use Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) to generate typical daily load curves for thermal power units and optimize the energy storage synergy ratio; Base load period (6:00-22:00): supercapacitors bear 30%, RSOC bears 20%, and thermal power units bear 50%, maintaining the thermal power units at 80%-100% of the rated power; Low-peak period (22:00-6:00): supercapacitors bear 50%, RSOC bears 40%, and thermal power units bear 10%; Start-stop optimization: When the frequency deviation is continuously greater than 0.5Hz and the thermal power unit has reached its maximum output, the RSOC emergency energy release is triggered, and its expression is: ; in, Emergency power release for RSOC, is the maximum power of RSOC; Extend the unplanned downtime interval to more than 8,000 hours, reducing startup and shutdown costs by 15%-20%; Optimized solution logic: The Gurobi solver is used, combined with real-time DCS data from the thermal power unit (such as high-pressure cylinder expansion difference and main steam pipe temperature difference), to dynamically adjust the energy storage strategy. When the main steam pipe temperature difference is greater than 50°C, the RSOC output ratio is increased to 30%, reducing the thermal power unit's throttling action. When the supercapacitor's remaining charge (SOC) is less than 20%, it is prioritized for charging and the coordination ratio is reduced.

[0043] For example, a 600MW coal-fired unit supporting a 5000MW new energy base in North China has the following system configuration: supercapacitors: 100MW / 20MW·h (originally 300MW / 60MW·h), response time <100ms, efficiency 92%; RSOC: 180MW (originally 150MW), electrolysis efficiency 85%, fuel cell efficiency 88%, hydrogen storage tank capacity 3500kg (originally 3000kg); renewable energy: 200MW wind power, 300MW photovoltaic power; thermal power unit: base load 400MW, maximum output 600MW, ramp rate 30MW / minute.

[0044] Scenario 1: Wind power surges during winter nights in coordination with low-load thermal power units; When wind power increases from 200MW to 300MW (100MW surplus) and thermal power units are at 50% load (300MW): 1. Supercapacitor rapid support: Upon detecting a frequency drop of 0.3Hz, the supercapacitor charges at 50MW within 0.1 seconds to absorb excess wind power (originally 150MW), while simultaneously providing 20MW of auxiliary power to the thermal power unit to maintain its minimum technical output of 300MW. The 4MW of waste heat generated by charging is used to preheat the RSOC (originally 12MW), causing its temperature to rise at a rate of 60°C / minute (originally 50°C / minute). 2. RSOC works in conjunction with the thermal power unit: After 12 minutes, the RSOC temperature reaches 650°C (originally 15 minutes), and the electrolysis mode is activated with the power set to 40MW (originally 75MW). The remaining 10MW is absorbed by the supercapacitor. The thermal power unit maintains an output of 300MW, and the hydrogen produced by electrolysis increases by 102kg per hour (originally 191kg) and is stored in a high-pressure tank. 3. Results: Traditionally, thermal power units have to be reduced to 200 MW (below the minimum technical output), resulting in unstable combustion and 15 MW / h of air abandonment. This invention allows thermal power units to operate safely with zero air abandonment, reduces frequency modulation response time from 15 minutes to 4 minutes (originally 3 minutes), and reduces thermal stress in high-pressure cylinders by 35% (originally 40%).

[0045] Scenario 2: Summer midday solar power drop and full load coordination of thermal power units When the photovoltaic power generation capacity drops from 300MW to 225MW (75MW shortfall), and the thermal power generation capacity reaches the maximum output of 600MW: 1. Supercapacitor response: Discharge at 20MW power (originally 60MW) within 0.1 second, frequency deviation reduced from 0.25Hz to 0.15Hz (originally 0.1Hz); 2. RSOC energy release: Activate fuel cell mode to generate 45MW of power (originally 40MW) to supplement the shortfall in thermal power units; 3. Effect: The frequency recovered to 50±0.08Hz within 1.2 minutes (originally 1 minute), the thermal power units maintained full-load economic operation, the power supply coal consumption dropped from 300g / kWh to 292g / kWh (originally 290g / kWh), and the photovoltaic absorption rate reached 97% (originally 98%).

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Improved safety of thermal power frequency regulation: Supercapacitors and RSOC work together to bear 60% of the instantaneous frequency regulation power (originally 60%-70%), reducing the rate of change of the thermal power unit's throttle opening from 15% / second to below 7% / second, reducing the number of thermal stress cycles by 35% (originally 45%), extending equipment life by more than 25% (originally 30%), and extending the post-application maintenance cycle of 600MW units from 12 months to 16 months (originally 18 months). 2. Balance between economy and environmental protection: Through RSOC electric-hydrogen conversion, the operating time of thermal power units in the economic output range has increased from 60% to 80% (originally 85%), the power generation efficiency has increased by 2.2% (originally 2.5%), and the annual fuel cost has been reduced by 6.5 million yuan (originally 8 million yuan). At the same time, the wind and solar power curtailment rate has been reduced from 25% to below 6% (originally 5%), and the annual carbon reduction has reached 28,000 tons (originally 30,000 tons). 3. Optimized system response adaptability: The overall frequency regulation response time has been shortened from 2 seconds for traditional thermal power generation to within 600ms (down from 500ms), and the frequency deviation recovery time is less than 4 minutes (down from 2 minutes). This meets the fundamental requirements of new power systems for frequency regulation resources with "second-level response and minute-level continuity." In field measurements in a North China power grid, this system reduced the frequency regulation performance indicator (RTIE) from 1.5 to 1.0 (down from 0.8). 4. Full lifecycle cost optimization: Through multi-objective optimization, the combined investment payback period of thermal power units and energy storage units has been shortened from 7 years to 5.8 years (down from 5.5 years), and the LCOE (levelized cost of electricity) has been reduced by 10% (down from 12%), providing a more cost-effective technical path for coal-fired power flexibility transformation.

[0047] This invention provides a mechanical-chemical dual-path coupled frequency modulation system and operating method for scenarios with a high proportion of renewable energy connected to the grid. By leveraging the millisecond-level power buffering capabilities of supercapacitors, the bidirectional electricity-to-hydrogen conversion capabilities of reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs), and the baseload regulation capabilities of thermal power units, this system addresses the sluggish response of traditional thermal power frequency regulation and the limited adaptability of single energy storage technologies. This system achieves the coordinated optimization of grid frequency stability control and the efficient absorption of renewable energy.

[0048] In the technical solution provided by the present invention, the system includes a multi-energy flow collaborative core component, which includes a supercapacitor energy storage unit, a hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit and a thermal power unit collaborative module; a three-dimensional coupling collaborative link, which includes electrical coupling, thermal coupling and control coupling; the supercapacitor energy storage unit adopts an electrochemical double-layer structure and is directly connected to the 6kV bus of the thermal power unit through a bidirectional DC / DC converter; the supercapacitor energy storage unit has an internal integrated temperature management system and operates in an environment of -20℃-80℃. Its power output characteristics are matched with the regulating action characteristics of the thermal power unit through joint simulation optimization to ensure smooth transition of power relay during frequency modulation; the hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit consists of a stack module and a hydrogen storage device, and the stack module includes a three-layer structure of anode, electrolyte and cathode. By coupling the heat pipe heat exchanger with the exhaust system of the thermal power unit, the waste heat of 300-500℃ is used to increase the heating rate of the RSOC startup phase from 25℃ per minute to 50℃ per minute, while reducing the activation energy of the electrochemical reaction; the electro-hydraulic control system DEH of the thermal power unit collaborative module is connected to the energy storage status monitoring signal, and the steam turbine throttle opening instruction is dynamically adjusted through the fuzzy proportional-integral-differential PID algorithm, and the single-input control mode of frequency deviation-throttle action is expanded to a dual-input control mode of frequency deviation-energy storage state, so that the throttle action advance time reaches 50-100ms. This system solves the problems of delayed response of traditional thermal power frequency regulation and insufficient adaptability of single energy storage technology, and realizes the coordinated optimization of grid frequency stability control and efficient absorption of renewable energy.

[0049] Each step of the embodiment of the present invention may be performed by an electronic device, including but not limited to a tablet computer, a portable PC, a desktop computer, etc.

[0050] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored program, wherein when the program is running, the electronic device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the above-mentioned embodiment of the super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation method.

[0051] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device 21 includes: a processor 211, a memory 212, and a computer program 213 stored in the memory 212 and executable on the processor 211. When the computer program 213 is executed by the processor 211, the super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation method in the embodiment is implemented. To avoid repetition, they are not described one by one here.

[0052] The electronic device 21 includes, but is not limited to, a processor 211 and a memory 212. Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 3 It is only an example of the electronic device 21 and does not constitute a limitation of the electronic device 21. It may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or a combination of certain components, or different components. For example, the electronic device may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0053] The processor 211 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0054] The memory 212 can be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 21, such as the hard drive or memory of the electronic device 21. The memory 212 can also be an external storage device of the electronic device 21, such as a plug-in hard drive, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) card, a Flash Card, etc. equipped on the electronic device 21. Furthermore, the memory 212 can include both the internal storage unit of the electronic device 21 and an external storage device. The memory 212 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the network device. The memory 212 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is about to be output.

[0055] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation system, characterized in that: The system comprises: Multi-energy flow collaborative core components, including supercapacitor energy storage units, hydrogen fuel cell RSOC units, and thermal power unit collaborative modules; three-dimensional coupling collaborative links, including electrical coupling, thermal coupling, and control coupling; The supercapacitor energy storage unit adopts an electrochemical double-layer structure and is directly connected to the 6kV busbar of the thermal power unit through a bidirectional DC / DC converter. The supercapacitor energy storage unit has an integrated temperature management system and operates in an environment of -20℃-80℃. Its power output characteristics are optimized and matched with the regulating action characteristics of the thermal power unit through joint simulation to ensure smooth power relay transition during frequency modulation. The hydrogen fuel cell RSOC unit consists of a stack module and a hydrogen storage device. The stack module includes a three-layer structure of anode, electrolyte, and cathode. It is connected to the thermal power unit through a heat pipe heat exchanger. The smoke system is coupled to utilize the waste heat of 300-500℃ to increase the heating rate of the RSOC startup phase from 25℃ per minute to 50℃ per minute, while reducing the activation energy of the electrochemical reaction; the electro-hydraulic control system DEH of the thermal power unit collaborative module is connected to the energy storage status monitoring signal, and the steam turbine throttle opening instruction is dynamically adjusted through the fuzzy proportional-integral-differential PID algorithm, expanding the single-input control mode of frequency deviation-throttle action to a dual-input control mode of frequency deviation-energy storage status, so that the throttle action advance time reaches 50-100ms.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The electrical coupling: The supercapacitor and RSOC are connected in parallel to the low-voltage side of the excitation transformer of the thermal power unit, forming a three-level power regulation channel of supercapacitor-RSOC-thermal power unit; when the frequency deviation is less than 0.2Hz, only the thermal power unit participates in the regulation; when the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.2Hz and less than 0.5Hz, the supercapacitor and the thermal power unit cooperate; when the frequency deviation is greater than or equal to 0.5Hz, the three work together to reduce the frequency regulation power fluctuation amplitude of the thermal power unit from ±15MW to less than ±8MW; Thermal coupling: The high-temperature waste heat of the RSOC stack is recovered through the thermal oil circuit and used to heat the fuel gas of the thermal power unit; the 50-80°C waste heat generated by the supercapacitor charging and discharging is used to preheat the RSOC intake air, forming a waste heat cascade utilization chain of the thermal power unit exhaust-RSOC-supercapacitor; The energy management system (EMS) uses a hierarchical control architecture. The upper layer generates a 24-hour energy storage scheduling plan based on weather forecasts and load predictions. The lower layer performs second-level collaborative control based on real-time data from the wide-area measurement system (WAMS). Bidirectional data interaction with the DCS system of the thermal power unit is achieved through the industrial communication protocol OPC UA.

3. A super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation method, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on the super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation system according to claim 1, and the method includes: Step 1: Model the multi-physics coupling and define the parameters interactively; Step 2: According to step 1, perform layered processing based on the frequency deviation of the thermal power frequency regulation blind area; Step 3: Based on step 2, a dual energy storage synergy strategy for thermal stress control of thermal power units is constructed; Step 4: Determine the multi-constraint safety control of the life of the thermal power unit according to step 3; Step 5: According to step 4, perform multi-objective optimization based on the life cycle of the thermal power unit.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step 1 comprises: The supercapacitor dynamic response model is based on the power gap in the initial stage of frequency regulation of thermal power units. The supercapacitor energy storage state equation is established, and its expression is: ； in, For the moment t Supercapacitor energy storage, its value range is affected by and constraint, and Separate moments The minimum and maximum values ​​of supercapacitor energy storage; For the moment t -1Supercapacitor energy storage; is the charge and discharge power, which is subject to the maximum charge and discharge power limit; The sampling period is 60 seconds, which is consistent with the sampling period of the DEH system of the thermal power unit to ensure data synchronization; the supercapacitor dynamic response model is corrected by fitting the internal resistance change curve of the supercapacitor at different temperatures. The temperature coefficient, For energy storage efficiency; RSOC electricity-hydrogen conversion and heat transfer coupling model, the hydrogen storage expression of electrolysis mode is: ； in, For the moment t The hydrogen storage quality is affected by the maximum capacity of the hydrogen storage tank. limit; For the moment t -1 Hydrogen storage mass; is the electrolysis power, satisfying And the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output, is the maximum value of electrolysis power; is the electrolysis efficiency, which is positively correlated with the RSOC operating temperature; It is the higher calorific value of hydrogen; The power generation expression of fuel cell mode is: ； in, is the power generation power, which is affected by limit, is the maximum value of the generated power; To consume hydrogen quality, meet ; For power generation efficiency; The expression for waste heat utilization of thermal power units is: ； in, RSOC intake air temperature is controlled by controlling the opening of the waste heat valve. ; is the exhaust temperature of the thermal power unit, is the heat transfer efficiency; is the ambient temperature; The frequency regulation characteristic model expression of thermal power units is: ； in, is the power of thermal power unit; is the base load power; is the frequency adjustment amount, which is affected by the ramp rate Constraints and satisfies , and are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the thermal power unit power respectively; the thermal power unit frequency regulation characteristic model is established by collecting the thermal stress data of the thermal power unit under different loads. safety regulatory boundaries.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The step 2 includes: Real-time frequency monitoring and frequency regulation capability assessment, using synchronized phasor measurement PMU devices deployed at hub substations to collect grid frequency , calculated and rated values The deviation, its deviation The expression is: ； The current frequency regulation capability of thermal power units is evaluated synchronously, and the expression is: ； in, Provides real-time available frequency modulation power for thermal power units; when and At rated power, the energy storage coordination mechanism is triggered; The time scale layered allocation of frequency modulation power, the dominant layer expression of thermal power units is: ； in, is the rated power of the thermal power unit, The thermal power regulation coefficient is 300MW / Hz, which is used to reflect the static regulation characteristics of the thermal power unit to the frequency deviation; is the system capacity; The proportion of thermal power generation is 0.4, which is used to ensure exist within the scope; The supercapacitor cooperative layer expression is: ； in, is the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor, is the supercapacitor regulation coefficient, which is 500MW / Hz to reflect its fast response advantage; As the proportion, the value is set to 0.5, which is used to fill the power gap during the delay period of thermal power unit speed regulation; The RSOC support layer expression is: ； in, is the rated discharge power of the hydrogen fuel cell, is the RSOC adjustment coefficient, which is set to 200MW / Hz to take into account its thermal inertia delay; To bear the proportion, the value is 0.1, which is responsible for the long-term energy balance; is the total system capacity, which represents the total power capacity of the power grid or associated systems; Layered processing logic: When a sudden drop in frequency is detected, the DEH system of the thermal power unit synchronously issues a command to increase the throttle. During this stage, the supercapacitor takes on 50% of the power shortfall to prevent excessive axial displacement of the steam turbine caused by excessive throttle movement. After the command to increase the throttle is issued, the power of the thermal power unit begins to climb, and the supercapacitor continues to support it for 60 seconds. At this time, the thermal power unit reaches 80% of the frequency modulation output. During this period, the RSOC completes preheating and starts, taking over the remaining 20% ​​power shortfall.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The step 3 includes: Supercapacitor dynamic power buffering: When the frequency deviation is greater than 0.3Hz, the supercapacitor performs millisecond-level response, and its expression is: ； in, is the supercapacitor discharge power, is the maximum discharge power of the supercapacitor, is the rated discharge power of the supercapacitor; At the same time: , is the available power of the supercapacitor; the energy space-time transfer between RSOC and thermal power units, and hydrogen storage during the valley period: when the output of the thermal power unit is less than 10% of the base load power, RSOC starts the electrolysis mode, and its expression is: ； in, is the wind power, is the photovoltaic power, is the load power; The value is 0.7, which is used to ensure that the output of the thermal power unit is greater than or equal to the minimum technical output; the hydrogen generated in this stage is stored in a high-pressure tank to reserve energy for the peak load at noon the next day; Hydrogen release during peak hours: When the grid load is greater than the maximum output of the thermal power unit, RSOC switches to fuel cell mode, and its expression is: ； Joint frequency regulation logic chain: After the frequency deviation is triggered, the supercapacitor responds within 0.1 second, taking on 50% of the shortfall, and the DEH system of the thermal power unit operates synchronously; within 2-60 seconds, the supercapacitor continues to provide support, the RSOC uses the waste heat of the thermal power unit to increase the temperature, and the power of the thermal power unit increases; after 60 seconds, the RSOC reaches the rated operating temperature, takes over the supercapacitor to take on the 20% shortfall, the supercapacitor enters the charging state, and the thermal power unit maintains base load regulation.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The step 4 comprises: The interaction constraints between dual energy storage and thermal power, and the support boundary of supercapacitors, are expressed as follows: ； RSOC thermal safety constraint, its expression is: ； The minimum output of thermal power units is expressed as: ； Energy balance and frequency quality control, power supply and demand balance, its expression is: ； in, , used to ensure real-time power balance; is the charge and discharge power; Frequency quality index, its expression is: ； in, Any time within the integration period The frequency deviation, is the integral time variable, used to traverse the entire integral time period; Control the frequency deviation integral value to meet the grid assessment requirements; Safety control logic: When the vibration of the thermal power unit is greater than 80μm or the main steam temperature is greater than 540℃, it automatically switches to energy storage priority mode: the supercapacitor assumes 100% of the frequency regulation power, and the thermal power unit maintains its current output; the RSOC quickly releases 50% of the stored hydrogen to ensure frequency stability within 30 minutes; after the thermal power unit recovers, it gradually switches back to the coordinated mode at a rate of 5% per minute.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The step 5 comprises: The objective function with the minimization of the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units as the core is constructed, and its expression is: ； in, In order to minimize the annual comprehensive cost of thermal power units, For fuel costs, is the supercapacitor operation and maintenance cost, RSOC operation and maintenance costs, For the penalty cost, For aging costs; , For fuel prices, For power generation efficiency; , is the aging coefficient, which quantifies the life loss caused by thermal stress of thermal power units; Optimization strategy iteration based on load characteristics: Base load optimization: Use Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) to generate typical daily load curves for thermal power units and optimize the energy storage synergy ratio; Base load period: supercapacitors bear 30%, RSOC bears 20%, and thermal power units bear 50%, maintaining the thermal power units at 80%-100% of the rated power; Low period: supercapacitors bear 50%, RSOC bears 40%, and thermal power units bear 10%; Start-stop optimization: When the frequency deviation is continuously greater than 0.5Hz and the thermal power unit has reached its maximum output, the RSOC emergency energy release is triggered, and its expression is: ； in, Emergency power release for RSOC, is the maximum power of RSOC; Extend the unplanned downtime interval to more than 8,000 hours, reducing startup and shutdown costs by 15%-20%; Optimized solution logic: The Gurobi solver is used to dynamically adjust the energy storage strategy based on real-time DCS data from thermal power units. When the temperature difference in the main steam pipeline is greater than 50°C, the RSOC output ratio is increased to 30%, reducing the thermal power unit's throttling action. When the supercapacitor's remaining charge (SOC) is less than 20%, it is prioritized for charging and the coordination ratio is reduced.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein, when the program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation method described in any one of claims 3 to 8.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: one or more processors; Memory; And one or more computer programs, wherein the one or more computer programs are stored in the memory, and the one or more computer programs include instructions, which, when executed by the device, enable the device to execute the super-capacity combined hydrogen fuel cell coupled thermal power frequency modulation method described in any one of claims 3 to 8.

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