A vacuum distillation tower for mineral oil

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of distillation, specifically to a vacuum distillation column for mineral oil. It includes a column shell, inside which inner and outer circumferential plates are alternately arranged along the axial direction. A first flow channel is formed between the outer circumferential wall of the inner circumferential plate and the inner circumferential wall of the column shell. A second flow channel is formed in the middle of the outer circumferential plate. A first guide plate is provided on the upper surface of the inner circumferential plate, and a plurality of circumferentially evenly distributed first guide grooves are formed on the first guide plate, connecting the middle and edge of the inner circumferential plate. A second guide plate is provided on the upper surface of the outer circumferential plate, and a plurality of circumferentially evenly distributed second guide grooves are formed on the second guide plate, connecting the middle and edge of the outer circumferential plate. This invention allows the liquid phase to flow from the center to the edge on the inner circumferential plate and from the edge to the center on the outer circumferential plate via multiple paths, thereby preventing dead zones and improving separation efficiency and effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of distillation, and more specifically to a vacuum distillation column for mineral oil. Background Technology

[0002] Vacuum distillation is an important method for separating and purifying compounds, especially suitable for high-boiling-point substances and compounds that decompose, oxidize, or polymerize before reaching their boiling point during atmospheric distillation. Currently, vacuum distillation is widely used in the mineral oil production sector.

[0003] A plate distillation column is a distillation device used to separate high-boiling-point mixtures. Its core structure consists of multiple trays, which lower the boiling point of the materials through depressurization, avoiding component decomposition caused by high temperatures. The tray design (such as float valves and sieves) enhances gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, making it suitable for separating heat-sensitive substances. In the mineral oil industry, this equipment is mainly used for crude oil vacuum distillation, further separating atmospheric residue into components such as distillate lubricating oil, wax oil, and vacuum residue. By precisely controlling pressure and temperature, it can efficiently separate heavy oil products without cracking, providing feedstock for downstream catalytic cracking and lubricant production, while reducing energy consumption and increasing the yield of high-value-added products. It is a key device in the refining process.

[0004] Existing plate-type vacuum distillation columns typically have flow ports at opposite ends of adjacent plates. The liquid phase flows down from the flow port of the upper plate to the lower plate, and then flows through the lower plate to the flow port at the other end of that plate, forming a single tortuous flow path. This single tortuous flow path makes it impossible for the liquid phase to be evenly distributed in all corners of the plate when it flows, which easily leads to dead zones and uneven flow, affecting separation efficiency and effect. At the same time, problems such as leakage and flooding may occur during the operation of the equipment, resulting in a decrease in the yield.

[0005] The information disclosed in the background section of this invention is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this invention, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a vacuum distillation tower for mineral oil to solve the problems of dead zones and uneven flow in the liquid phase of existing vacuum distillation towers.

[0007] Another objective of this invention is to reduce leakage and flooding problems during equipment operation.

[0008] The vacuum distillation tower for mineral oil of the present invention adopts the following technical solution: including:

[0009] The tower has inner and outer circumferential plates alternately arranged along its axial direction. Both inner and outer circumferential plates are coaxial with the tower and adjacent inner and outer circumferential plates are spaced apart. A first flow channel is formed between the outer circumferential wall of the inner circumferential plate and the inner circumferential wall of the tower, and a second flow channel is formed in the middle of the outer circumferential plate. The liquid phase can flow from top to bottom through the first and second flow channels in a tortuous manner. Both the inner and outer circumferential plates are provided with a number of vent holes for the gas phase to pass through.

[0010] The first guide plate is disposed on the upper surface of the inner circumferential tray. Several circumferentially distributed first guide grooves are formed on the first guide plate, and the first guide grooves connect the middle and the edge of the inner circumferential tray.

[0011] The second guide plate is disposed on the upper surface of the outer peripheral tray. Several circumferentially distributed second guide grooves are formed on the second guide plate, and the second guide grooves connect the middle and the edge of the outer peripheral tray.

[0012] Optionally, both the first guide channel and the second guide channel have a vortex structure.

[0013] Optionally, the first guide plate includes several first unit plates, which are nested together. Each of the first unit plates can slide up and down elastically. Initially, all the first unit plates are at their lower limit positions and can block part of the ventilation holes on the inner circumferential tower plate on their own path. The elastic resistance of each first unit plate sliding upward is different.

[0014] The second guide plate includes several second unit plates, which are nested together. Each second unit plate can slide up and down elastically. Initially, all second unit plates are at their lower limit positions and can block some of the vent holes on the outer circumferential tower plate. The elastic resistance of each second unit plate sliding upward is different.

[0015] Optionally, the first unit disk includes a first central ring and a plurality of first vortex plates, which are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the first central ring along the circumferential direction; the first central rings of all the first unit disks are stacked one on top of the other, and the first vortex plates of all the first unit disks are at the same height, and a first guide groove is formed between two adjacent first vortex plates, and each first vortex plate can block part of the ventilation holes on the inner circumferential tower plate on its own extension path; all the first central rings are provided with elastic elements.

[0016] Optionally, the second unit disk includes a second central ring and a plurality of second vortex plates, which are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the second central ring along the circumferential direction; the second central rings of all the second unit disks are stacked one on top of the other, and the second vortex plates of all the second unit disks are at the same height, and a second guide groove is formed between two adjacent second vortex plates, and each second vortex plate can block part of the ventilation holes on the outer peripheral tower plate on its own extension path; all the second central rings are provided with elastic elements.

[0017] Optionally, all first unit trays are configured to rotate synchronously after the first unit tray with the greatest elastic resistance during upward sliding separates from the inner circumferential tray.

[0018] The first vortex plate is inclined, and the inclination direction of the first vortex plate is configured such that the first vortex plate rotates in the opposite direction to its vortex direction under the push of the gas phase pressure.

[0019] Optionally, all second unit trays are configured to rotate synchronously after the second unit tray with the greatest elastic resistance during upward sliding separates from the outer peripheral tray.

[0020] The second vortex plate is inclined, and the inclination direction of the second vortex plate is configured such that the second vortex plate rotates in the same direction as its vortex direction under the push of the gas phase pressure.

[0021] Optionally, a first overflow cylinder is coaxially slidably sleeved on the outer edge of the inner circumferential tray, and the first overflow cylinder is connected to the second unit tray with the greatest elastic resistance adjacent to it below.

[0022] Optionally, a second overflow cylinder is coaxially slidably sleeved on the inner edge of the outer peripheral tray, and the second overflow cylinder is connected to the first unit tray with the greatest elastic resistance adjacent to it below.

[0023] Optionally, a feed inlet is provided in the middle of the tower, a vapor outlet and a liquid reflux outlet are provided at the top of the tower, and a bottom liquid outlet and a gas inlet are provided at the bottom of the tower.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The vacuum distillation column for mineral oil of this invention is provided with an inner circumferential plate and an outer circumferential plate inside the column. A first flow channel is formed on the outer circumference of the inner circumferential plate, and a second flow channel is formed in the middle of the outer circumferential plate. A first guide plate is provided on the inner circumferential plate, and a second guide plate is provided on the outer circumferential plate. This allows the liquid phase to flow from the center to the edge on the inner circumferential plate and from the edge to the center on the outer circumferential plate through multiple paths, thereby preventing dead zones in the liquid phase flow, making the liquid phase flow more uniform, and improving the separation efficiency and effect.

[0025] Furthermore, by setting the first guide plate and the second guide plate as separate structures, and by setting elastic elements, the number of the first unit plate and the second unit plate pressed on the corresponding tray can be adjusted according to the gas phase lift force, thereby controlling the number of vent holes through which the gas phase rises, adapting it to the gas phase lift force, and reducing the occurrence of leakage and flooding.

[0026] Furthermore, by setting the first and second guide plates to be rotatable, when flooding is severe, the rotation of the first and second guide plates, in conjunction with their vortex structure, can accelerate the flow of the liquid phase, allowing the liquid phase to move more quickly to the lower inner or outer circumferential trays, thereby further mitigating flooding.

[0027] Furthermore, by setting the first and second overflow cylinders to be able to slide up and down and connected to the first and second unit disks with the greatest elastic resistance, when the flooding phenomenon is severe, the first or second unit disk of the flooding layer can lift the first or second overflow cylinder of the upper layer, reduce the amount of liquid phase discharged from the upper layer, and further accelerate and mitigate the flooding. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a vacuum distillation tower for mineral oil according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The front view;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Top view;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view of AA;

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view at point B in the middle;

[0034] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view at point C;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second guide plate in this invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the second guide plate in this invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the second guide plate in this invention;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first guide plate in this invention;

[0039] Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the first guide plate in this invention.

[0040] In the picture:

[0041] 100, Tower shell; 1001, Feed inlet; 1002, Liquid reflux inlet; 1003, Vapor outlet; 110, Inner circumferential tray; 1101, Vent hole; 111, First overflow cylinder; 112, First rotating ring; 120, Outer circumferential tray; 121, Second overflow cylinder; 130, Support column; 131, Fixed plate; 140, Spray head;

[0042] 200. First guide plate; 210. First unit plate; 2101. First central ring; 2102. First vortex plate; 211. Second mounting ring; 212. Second rotating ring;

[0043] 300. Second guide plate; 310. Second unit plate; 3101. Second central ring; 3102. Second vortex plate; 311. First adjusting rod; 312. Second adjusting rod; 313. Third adjusting rod; 314. First compression spring; 315. Second compression spring; 316. Third compression spring; 317. First mounting ring. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a vacuum distillation column for mineral oil can be combined with a condenser, a reboiler, a separator, etc. to form a distillation system for separating and purifying different components in mineral oil.

[0046] Specifically, it includes a tower 100, inside which inner circumferential trays 110 and outer circumferential trays 120 are alternately arranged along its axial direction. Both inner circumferential trays 110 and outer circumferential trays 120 are coaxial with the tower 100, and adjacent inner circumferential trays 110 and outer circumferential trays 120 are spaced apart from each other. A first flow channel is formed between the outer circumferential wall of the inner circumferential tray 110 and the inner circumferential wall of the tower 100, and a second flow channel is formed in the middle of the outer circumferential tray 120. The liquid phase can flow from top to bottom in a tortuous manner through the first flow channel and the second flow channel. To facilitate the installation of the inner circumferential tray 110 and the outer circumferential tray 120, a support column 130 is coaxially arranged inside the tower 100. The inner edge of the inner circumferential tray 110 is connected to the support column 130, and the outer edge of the inner circumferential tray 110 has a gap with the inner circumferential wall of the tower 100 to form a first flow channel. The outer edge of the outer circumferential tray 120 is connected to the tower 100, and the inner edge of the outer circumferential tray 120 has a gap with the outer circumferential wall of the support column 130 to form a second flow channel. When the liquid phase flows through the inner circumferential tray 110, it flows down from the first flow channel on the outside of the inner circumferential tray 110 and flows to the middle of the lower outer circumferential tray 120. Then it flows down through the second flow channel in the middle of the outer circumferential tray 120 and then down from the first flow channel on the outside of the lower inner circumferential tray 110, and so on.

[0047] Both the inner circumferential tray 110 and the outer circumferential tray 120 are provided with a number of vent holes 1101 for gas phase to pass through. The gas phase moves upward through the vent holes 1101 and mixes with the liquid phase, causing the light components in the liquid phase to evaporate.

[0048] The upper surface of the inner circumferential tray 110 is provided with a first guide plate 200, and a number of circumferentially distributed first guide grooves are formed on the first guide plate 200. The first guide grooves connect the middle and the edge of the inner circumferential tray 110, that is, one end of the first guide groove is located in the middle of the inner circumferential tray 110 and the other end is located at the outer edge of the inner circumferential tray 110.

[0049] A second guide plate 300 is provided on the upper surface of the outer peripheral tray 120. Several circumferentially distributed second guide grooves are formed on the second guide plate 300. The second guide grooves connect the middle and the edge of the outer peripheral tray 120. That is, one end of the second guide groove is located in the middle of the outer peripheral tray 120 and the other end is located at the outer edge of the outer peripheral tray 120.

[0050] It should be further explained that a feed inlet 1001 is provided in the middle of the column 100, and a vapor outlet 1003 and a liquid reflux inlet 1002 are provided at the top of the column 100. The vapor outlet 1003 is connected to a condenser, the condenser is connected to a separator, and the separator is connected to the liquid reflux inlet 1002 and the light component recovery device. A bottom liquid outlet (not shown in the figure) and a gas inlet (not shown in the figure) are provided at the bottom of the column 100. The bottom liquid outlet is connected to a reboiler, and the reboiler is connected to the gas inlet and the heavy component recovery device.

[0051] Liquid feedstock is introduced into column 100 through inlet 1001. The upper part of inlet 1001 is the rectification section, and the lower part is the stripping section. Vapor is introduced into column 100 through vapor inlet and moves upward through vents 1101 on inner and outer circumferential plates 110 and 120, mixing with the liquid on the inner and outer circumferential plates 110 and 120. Light components in the liquid are purified and evaporated in the rectification section and then enter the condenser through vapor outlet 1003 for condensation. After condensation, they are separated by a separator. Qualified light components are collected in the light component recovery device, while unqualified light components re-enter column 100 through liquid reflux port 1002. Heavy components are concentrated and stripped in the stripping section and discharged from the bottom liquid outlet into the reboiler. Qualified heavy components are then discharged from the reboiler and recovered in the heavy component recovery device. Unqualified heavy components are reboiled into vapor and enter column 100 through vapor inlet. This cycle continuously purifies the light components in the rectification section and concentrates the heavy components in the stripping section, thus achieving the separation of different components.

[0052] It is understandable that in existing vacuum distillation columns, the trays are spaced apart along the axis of the column shell, and each adjacent tray has an outlet at its opposite end. The liquid phase flows down from the outlet of the upper tray to the lower tray, and then flows through the lower tray to the outlet at the other end of the tray, forming a single tortuous flow path. This single tortuous flow path makes it impossible for the liquid phase to be evenly distributed in all corners of the tray when it flows on the tray, which easily leads to dead flow zones and affects the separation efficiency and effect.

[0053] The solution provided in this embodiment forms a first flow channel on the outer periphery of the inner circumferential tray 110 and a second flow channel in the middle of the outer circumferential tray 120. The inner circumferential tray 110 and the outer circumferential tray 120 are alternately arranged. A first guide plate 200 is evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner circumferential tray 110, and a second guide plate 300 is evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer circumferential tray 120, so that the liquid phase can flow through multiple paths ( Figure 6 (The middle arrow indicates the liquid flow path) The liquid flows from the center to the edge on the inner peripheral plate 110 and from the edge to the center on the outer peripheral plate 120, thereby preventing dead zones and improving separation efficiency and effect.

[0054] Furthermore, both the first and second guide channels have a vortex-like structure. This arrangement increases the length of both channels, extending the flow path of the liquid phase on the inner and outer circumferential trays 110 and 120, resulting in more thorough gas-liquid fusion. Simultaneously, the vortex-like structure ensures that the width of both channels remains essentially constant in their extension direction, resulting in relatively uniform and constant flow rates of the liquid phase from one end of the first channel to the other, and from one end of the second channel to the other, further enhancing the uniformity and thoroughness of gas-liquid fusion.

[0055] In a further embodiment, the first guide plate 200 includes a plurality of first unit plates 210, which are nested together. Each of the first unit plates 210 can slide up and down elastically. Initially, all the first unit plates 210 are at their lower limit positions and can block part of the ventilation holes 1101 on the inner circumferential tower plate 110 on their own path. The elastic resistance of each first unit plate 210 sliding upward is different, specifically increasing or decreasing sequentially.

[0056] Specifically, the first unit disk 210 includes a first central ring 2101 and a plurality of first vortex plates 2102. The plurality of first vortex plates 2102 are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the first central ring 2101 along the circumferential direction. The first central rings 2101 of all the first unit disks 210 are stacked one on top of the other, and the first vortex plates 2102 of all the first unit disks 210 are at the same height. The first guide groove is formed between two adjacent first vortex plates 2102. Each first vortex plate 2102 can block part of the vent holes 1101 on the inner circumferential tower plate 110 on its own extension path. All the first central rings 2101 are provided with elastic elements, preferably springs. The elastic elements make all the first central rings 2101 initially in the lower limit position, thereby providing elastic resistance for the upward movement of the first unit disk 210.

[0057] The second guide plate 300 includes several second unit plates 310, which are nested together. Each of the second unit plates 310 can slide up and down elastically. Initially, all the second unit plates 310 are at their lower limit positions and can block part of the vent holes 1101 on the outer peripheral tower plate 120. The elastic resistance of each second unit plate 310 sliding upward is different, specifically increasing or decreasing sequentially.

[0058] Specifically, the second unit disk 310 includes a second central ring 3101 and a plurality of second vortex plates 3102. The plurality of second vortex plates 3102 are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the second central ring 3101 along the circumferential direction. The second central rings 3101 of all the second unit disks 310 are stacked one on top of the other, and the second vortex plates 3102 of all the second unit disks 310 are at the same height. The second guide groove is formed between two adjacent second vortex plates 3102. Each second vortex plate 3102 can block part of the vent holes 1101 on the outer peripheral tower plate 120 on its own extension path. All the second central rings 3101 are provided with elastic elements, preferably springs. The elastic elements make all the second central rings 3101 initially in the lower limit position, thereby providing elastic resistance for the upward movement of the second unit disk 310.

[0059] It needs to be explained that when a distillation column is operating, if the gas phase velocity is less than a certain value, the gas phase pressure is insufficient to prevent the liquid phase from falling through the holes in the trays, resulting in a large amount of liquid falling from the trays. This phenomenon is called leakage. Severe leakage can prevent heat and mass transfer in the trays, thus greatly reducing the efficiency of the trays. If the gas phase velocity and flow rate in the column are too high, the mist entrainment is very serious, and the liquid phase flows back from the lower trays to the upper trays, preventing the liquid phase from falling normally. This phenomenon is called flooding. Flooding will cause liquid to accumulate continuously in the column, disrupting the normal operation of the column.

[0060] In the solution provided in this embodiment, when the equipment is working normally, the gas phase pressure is set to lift up the first unit disk 210 with the smallest elastic resistance and the second unit disk 310 with the smallest elastic resistance, and the gas phase moves upward from the vent 1101. When liquid leaks from the inner circumferential tray 110 and / or the outer circumferential tray 120, it indicates that the gas phase pressure is low. The first unit tray 210 and / or the second unit tray 310 that is lifted abuts against the inner circumferential tray 110 and / or the outer circumferential tray 120 under the restoring force of the elastic element, blocking part of the vent hole 1101, reducing the cross-sectional area for gas phase flow, thereby increasing the gas pressure and alleviating the leakage of the inner circumferential tray 110 and / or the outer circumferential tray 120. When liquid floods the inner circumferential tray 110 and / or the outer circumferential tray 120, it indicates that the gas phase pressure is high. The high-pressure gas lifts up part or all of the remaining first unit tray 210 and / or part or all of the remaining second unit tray 310, increasing the number of vent holes 1101, that is, increasing the cross-sectional area for gas phase flow, reducing the gas pressure, and alleviating the flooding in the tower. In other words, the solution in this embodiment sets the first guide plate 200 and the second guide plate 300 as separate structures. By setting elastic elements, the first guide plate 200 and the second guide plate 300 can adjust the number of the first unit plate 210 and the second unit plate 310 pressed on the corresponding tower plate according to the gas phase lift force. This can control the number of vent holes 1101 through which the gas phase rises, so as to adapt to the gas phase lift force and reduce the occurrence of leakage and flooding.

[0061] It is understandable that the normal operation of the equipment depends on the reasonable setting and coordinated operation of various parameters. When leakage or flooding occurs in the tower, the gas-liquid balance in the tower can be maintained by adjusting the system parameters to ensure the normal operation of the device. However, there is a certain response time after parameter adjustment for the equipment to return to normal. The solution in this embodiment can respond in a timely manner when leakage or flooding occurs in the tower, so as to quickly reduce or eliminate the leakage or flooding in the tower. If the leakage or flooding is caused by temporary gas pressure fluctuations, the gas pressure can be restored to normal after the adjustment of the solution in this embodiment, and the equipment can operate normally. If the gas pressure cannot be restored to normal, the system adjusts the parameters according to the detection results (such as reducing the reboiler heating amount, reducing the bottom vapor amount, or reducing the top reflux flow rate, etc.). Within the parameter response time, the solution in this embodiment alleviates flooding and leakage, and keeps the equipment operating normally until the gas pressure and other parameters return to normal.

[0062] To further mitigate flooding, in a further embodiment, all first unit disks 210 are capable of synchronous rotation, and all first unit disks 210 are configured to rotate after the first unit disk 210 with the greatest upward sliding elastic resistance disengages from the inner circumferential tray 110; all second unit disks 310 are capable of synchronous rotation, and all second unit disks 310 are configured to rotate after the second unit disk 310 with the greatest upward sliding elastic resistance disengages from the outer circumferential tray 120; to achieve rotational control of the first unit disks 210 and the second unit disks 310, The first unit disk 210 and the second unit disk 310 with the greatest elastic resistance are located at the bottom layer, and a limit block is provided at their bottom. Limit slots are provided on the inner circumferential tower plate 110 and the outer circumferential tower plate 120. Initially, the limit block is located in the limit slot to restrict the rotation of the first unit disk 210 and the second unit disk 310 with the greatest elastic resistance. After the first unit disk 210 and the second unit disk 310 with the greatest elastic resistance move upward and the limit block disengages from the limit slot, they can rotate under the action of the gas phase thrust.

[0063] The first vortex plate 2102 and the second vortex plate 3102 are both inclined. The inclination direction of the first vortex plate 2102 is configured such that the first vortex plate 2102 rotates in the opposite direction to its vortex direction under the push of the gas phase pressure, thereby accelerating the flow of the liquid phase towards the outer edge of the inner peripheral tray 110. The inclination direction of the second vortex plate 3102 is configured such that the second vortex plate 3102 rotates in the same direction as its vortex direction under the push of the gas phase pressure, thereby accelerating the flow of the liquid phase towards the center of the outer peripheral tray 120.

[0064] Reference Figure 10In one embodiment of the present invention, the first vortex plate 2102 is tilted from bottom to top, gradually approaching the center of the first central ring 2101. The first vortex plate 2102 vortexes clockwise, and under the push of the gas phase pressure, the first vortex plate 2102 rotates counterclockwise, which can accelerate and push the liquid phase towards the outer edge of the inner circumferential tray 110; see reference. Figure 8 The second vortex plate 3102 is tilted from bottom to top, gradually moving away from the center of the second central ring 3101. The second vortex plate 3102 rotates clockwise. Under the pushing force of the gas phase pressure, the first vortex plate 2102 rotates clockwise, which can accelerate and push the liquid phase towards the inner edge of the outer peripheral tray 120. In other embodiments, the first and second vortex plates are set with different vortex directions, but with the same tilt direction, achieving the same function.

[0065] In this embodiment, when the first unit disk 210, which has the greatest upward sliding elastic resistance, moves upward under the action of liquid phase pressure until it detaches from the inner circumferential tray 110, and / or the second unit disk 310, which has the greatest upward sliding elastic resistance, moves upward under the action of liquid phase pressure until it detaches from the outer circumferential tray 120, it indicates that the flooding phenomenon is severe at this time. At the same time, because the first vortex plate 2102 and the second vortex plate 3102 are inclined, the gas phase pushes the first unit disk 210 and / or the second unit disk 310 upward to make them rotate, and the rotation speed is positively correlated with the gas phase pressure. The rotation of the first unit disk 210 and the second unit disk 310 can accelerate the liquid phase flow, so that the liquid phase can move to the lower inner circumferential tray 110 or outer circumferential tray 120 more quickly, further mitigating the flooding phenomenon until the parameter adjustment takes effect.

[0066] In a further embodiment, a first overflow cylinder 111 is coaxially slidably sleeved on the outer edge of the inner circumferential tower plate 110, and the first overflow cylinder 111 is connected to the second unit disk 310 with the greatest upward elastic resistance adjacent to it below.

[0067] The inner edge of the outer peripheral tower plate 120 is coaxially slidably fitted with a second overflow cylinder 121. The second overflow cylinder 121 is connected to the first unit plate 210, which is adjacent to it below and has the greatest upward elastic resistance. It can be understood that in the scheme of this embodiment, the outer periphery of the first overflow cylinder 111 and the inner periphery of the tower 100 form a first flow channel, and the inner periphery of the second overflow cylinder 121 and the outer periphery of the support column 130 form a second flow channel.

[0068] By setting up the first overflow cylinder 111 and the second overflow cylinder 121, a certain liquid phase height can be formed on the inner circumferential tray 110 and the outer circumferential tray 120, ensuring that the liquid and gas phases are fully mixed. When severe flooding occurs, the first guide plate 200 or the second guide plate 300 of the flooding layer rises, raising the adjacent upper first overflow cylinder 111 or the second overflow cylinder 121, increasing the liquid phase height of the upper layer, reducing the liquid phase discharge rate of the upper layer, and at the same time, the first guide plate 200 or the second guide plate 300 of the flooding layer accelerates the liquid phase flow to the lower layer, jointly relieving the drainage pressure of the flooding layer and further accelerating and mitigating flooding.

[0069] The following is for reference Figures 5 to 9 The structure of the second guide disk 300, which includes three second unit disks 310, will be introduced as an example to facilitate understanding of the movement and rotation relationship of each second unit disk 310. The structure of the first guide disk 200 is similar to that of the second guide disk 300.

[0070] The three second unit disks 310 of the second guide disk 300 are named the bottom disk, the middle disk, and the top disk, respectively. The bottom disk, the middle disk, and the top disk all include a second central ring 3101 and a number of second vortex plates 3102 evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the second central ring 3101. The second central ring 3101 of the bottom disk is provided with a first adjusting rod 311, a second adjusting rod 312, and a third adjusting rod 313. The top of the first adjusting rod 311 is provided with a first mounting ring 317. A first compression spring 314 (corresponding to the above-mentioned elastic element) is provided between the first mounting ring 317 and the adjacent upper inner circumferential tower plate 110 to provide elastic resistance for the bottom disk to slide upward. The second central ring 3101 of the middle disk is stacked on top of the second central ring of the bottom disk. The core ring 3101 is slidably sleeved on the second adjusting rod 312 and the third adjusting rod 313. The second adjusting rod 312 is sleeved with a second compression spring 315 (corresponding to the above-mentioned elastic element). The upper end of the second compression spring 315 abuts against the locking protrusion of the second adjusting rod 312, and the lower end abuts against the second center ring 3101 of the intermediate plate. The second center ring 3101 of the top plate is stacked on the second center ring 3101 of the intermediate plate and slidably sleeved on the third adjusting rod 313. The third adjusting rod 313 is sleeved with a third compression spring 316. The upper end of the third compression spring 316 abuts against the locking protrusion of the third adjusting rod 313, and the lower end abuts against the second center ring 3101 of the top plate. The elastic force of the first compression spring 314 is greater than the sum of the elastic forces of the second compression spring 315 and the third compression spring 316.

[0071] The bottom of the second central ring 3101 of the bottom plate is provided with a limit block, and the outer peripheral plate 120 is provided with a limit groove. Initially, the limit block is located in the limit groove to restrict the rotation of the bottom plate. After the bottom plate moves up and the limit block disengages from the limit groove, it can rotate under the action of the gas phase thrust.

[0072] With the above configuration, under the pushing force of the gas phase pressure, the top tray can first overcome the elastic force of the third compression spring 316 and move upward. As the gas phase pressure increases, the middle tray overcomes the sum of the elastic forces of the third compression spring 316 and the second compression spring 315 and moves upward. As the gas phase pressure continues to increase, the bottom tray overcomes the elastic force of the first compression spring 314 and moves upward, thus being able to detach from the outer peripheral tray 120. When the bottom tray is not detached from the outer peripheral tray 120, the bottom tray, middle tray, and top tray cannot rotate due to the restriction of the bottom tray. After the bottom tray detaches from the outer peripheral tray 120, the rotation of the bottom tray, middle tray, and top tray is unrestricted.

[0073] Furthermore, to ensure that the rotation of the bottom tray on the outer circumferential tray 120 does not affect the extension and retraction of the first compression spring 314, a first rotating ring 112 is provided at the bottom of the inner circumferential tray 110. The first rotating ring 112 can rotate relative to the inner circumferential tray 110. The upper end of the first compression spring 314, which is mounted on the outer circumferential tray 120, is connected to the first rotating ring 112, and the lower end is connected to the first mounting ring 317 on the bottom tray. At the same time, to facilitate the control of the first overflow cylinder 111 by the bottom tray on the outer circumferential tray 120, the first mounting ring 317 on the bottom tray moves synchronously and rotates relative to the first overflow cylinder 111.

[0074] Meanwhile, to ensure that the rotation of the bottommost first unit disk 210 on the inner circumferential tray 110 does not affect the extension and retraction of the first compression spring 314, a second mounting ring 211 is provided at the top of the first adjusting rod 311 of the bottommost first unit disk 210 on the inner circumferential tray 110. A second rotating ring 212 is provided on the second mounting ring 211, and the second mounting ring 211 and the second rotating ring 212 are rotatably connected. The upper end of the first compression spring 314 installed on the bottommost first unit disk 210 on the inner circumferential tray 110 is connected to the adjacent upper outer circumferential tray 120, and the lower end is connected to the second rotating ring 212. At the same time, to facilitate the control of the second overflow cylinder 121 by the bottommost first unit disk 210 on the inner circumferential tray 110, the second mounting ring 211 and the second overflow cylinder 121 move synchronously and rotate relative to each other.

[0075] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the topmost tower plate inside the tower 100 is an inner circumferential tower plate 110. To facilitate the installation of the topmost first compression spring 314, a fixing plate 131 is provided on the support column 130 inside the tower 100. The fixing plate 131 is fixed relative to the tower 100. The upper end of the topmost first compression spring 314 is connected to the fixing plate 131, and the lower end is connected to the second rotating ring 212.

[0076] Reference Figure 4A spray head 140 is installed at the top of the tower 100. The spray head 140 is connected to the liquid phase reflux pipe. The spray head 140 is used to evenly distribute the liquid phase from the liquid phase reflux pipe to the inner circumferential tower plate 110 at the top layer. The spray head 140 has a grid tube structure and does not affect the steam flow.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum distillation column for mineral oil, characterized in that, include: The tower has inner and outer circumferential plates alternately arranged along its axial direction. Both inner and outer circumferential plates are coaxial with the tower and adjacent inner and outer circumferential plates are spaced apart. A first flow channel is formed between the outer circumferential wall of the inner circumferential plate and the inner circumferential wall of the tower, and a second flow channel is formed in the middle of the outer circumferential plate. The liquid phase can flow from top to bottom through the first and second flow channels in a tortuous manner. Both the inner and outer circumferential plates are provided with a number of vent holes for the gas phase to pass through. The first guide plate is disposed on the upper surface of the inner circumferential tray. Several circumferentially distributed first guide grooves are formed on the first guide plate, and the first guide grooves connect the middle and the edge of the inner circumferential tray. The second guide plate is disposed on the upper surface of the outer peripheral tray. Several circumferentially distributed second guide grooves are formed on the second guide plate, and the second guide grooves connect the middle and the edge of the outer peripheral tray. Both the first and second guide channels have a vortex-shaped structure. The first guide plate includes several first unit plates, which are nested together. Each first unit plate can slide up and down elastically. Initially, all the first unit plates are at their lower limit positions and can block part of the ventilation holes on the inner circumferential tower plate along their own path. The elastic resistance of each first unit plate sliding upward is different. The second guide plate includes several second unit plates, which are nested together. Each second unit plate can slide up and down elastically. Initially, all second unit plates are at their lower limit positions and can block some of the vent holes on the outer circumferential tower plate. The elastic resistance of each second unit plate sliding upward is different.

2. The vacuum distillation column for mineral oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first unit disk includes a first central ring and several first vortex plates. The several first vortex plates are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the first central ring along the circumferential direction. The first central rings of all the first unit disks are stacked one on top of the other, and the first vortex plates of all the first unit disks are at the same height. A first guide groove is formed between two adjacent first vortex plates. Each first vortex plate can block part of the ventilation holes on the inner circumferential tower plate on its own extension path. All the first central rings are provided with elastic elements.

3. The vacuum distillation column for mineral oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second unit disk includes a second central ring and several second vortex plates. The several second vortex plates are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the second central ring along the circumferential direction. The second central rings of all the second unit disks are stacked one on top of the other, and the second vortex plates of all the second unit disks are at the same height. A second guide groove is formed between two adjacent second vortex plates. Each second vortex plate can block part of the ventilation holes on the outer circumferential tower plate on its own extension path. All the second central rings are provided with elastic elements.

4. The vacuum distillation column for mineral oil according to claim 2, characterized in that, All first unit trays are configured to rotate synchronously after the first unit tray with the greatest elastic resistance during upward sliding separates from the inner circumferential tray. The first vortex plate is inclined, and the inclination direction of the first vortex plate is configured such that the first vortex plate rotates in the opposite direction to its vortex direction under the push of the gas phase pressure.

5. A vacuum distillation column for mineral oil according to claim 3, characterized in that, All second unit trays are configured to rotate synchronously after the second unit tray with the greatest elastic resistance during upward sliding separates from the outer tray. The second vortex plate is inclined, and the inclination direction of the second vortex plate is configured such that the second vortex plate rotates in the same direction as its vortex direction under the push of the gas phase pressure.

6. The vacuum distillation column for mineral oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer edge of the inner circumferential tray is coaxially slidably fitted with a first overflow cylinder, which is connected to the second unit tray with the greatest elastic resistance adjacent to it below.

7. The vacuum distillation column for mineral oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner edge of the outer circumferential tray is coaxially slidably fitted with a second overflow cylinder, which is connected to the first unit tray with the greatest elastic resistance adjacent to it below.

8. The vacuum distillation column for mineral oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tower has a feed inlet in the middle, a vapor outlet and a liquid reflux outlet at the top, and a bottom liquid outlet and a gas inlet at the bottom.

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