Flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fiber composite materials, in particular to a flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material and a preparation method thereof.The flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material is prepared from, by weight, 100 parts of polyamide resin, 30-60 parts of composite fibers, 0.4-0.5 part of an antioxidant, 10-18 parts of a flame retardant, 1-2 parts of an interface compatilizer, 0.5-1 part of a lubricant and 0.5-1 part of zinc borate; the flame retardant is prepared from diatomite, aluminum diethylphosphinate and polyphosphamide; the composite fibers comprise modified basalt fibers, phenolic fibers and polyimide fibers; the flame-retardant high-performance fiber composite material prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is good in flame retardant property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fiber composite materials, and in particular to a flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Polyamide (PA), also known as nylon, is a class of polymer compounds formed by the polycondensation reaction of dibasic acids and diamines. Its main molecular chain is rich in amide bonds (-CONH-). As one of the core materials in the field of engineering plastics, polyamide has been widely used in key areas such as electronics, automotive manufacturing, aerospace, rail transportation, and daily consumer goods due to its excellent overall performance. For example, in the electronics and electrical fields, polyamide is often used to manufacture precision components such as connectors, switches, and relay housings; in the automotive industry, it can be used in engine peripheral parts, gears, bearings, and other components that require high heat resistance and wear resistance; in the field of industrial transmission, polyamide gears, pulleys, and other products can significantly reduce equipment energy consumption due to their low friction coefficient and high self-lubrication properties.

[0003] However, as polyamide applications continue to expand, the demand for its flame retardancy is becoming increasingly stringent. However, polyamide's flame retardancy remains insufficient, primarily due to its poor intrinsic flame retardancy, primarily due to its molecular structure. For one thing, the amide bond (-CONH-), while highly polar, does not contain typical flame-retardant elements such as halogens, phosphorus, and silicon, and thus cannot inhibit combustion through intramolecular interactions. Furthermore, polyamide decomposes under high temperatures or flames to release small flammable molecules (such as ammonia and low-carbon hydrocarbons). Furthermore, its molten state exhibits significant dripping, which can easily ignite surrounding materials and spread the fire. Experimental data indicates that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of unmodified polyamide is typically only 20%-24% (the oxygen concentration in air is approximately 21%), making it a typical flammable material. It tends to continue burning in flames and produce large amounts of black smoke, posing a serious threat to its safety.

[0004] In the prior art, flame retardants are often added to improve the flame retardant properties of polyamide. However, most of the existing flame retardants for polyamide have problems such as poor flame retardant effect, large dosage, and environmental risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problem of insufficient flame retardancy of the fiber composite material in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a flame-resistant, high-performance fiber composite material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of a polyamide resin, 30-60 parts of a composite fiber, 0.4-0.5 parts of an antioxidant, 10-18 parts of a flame retardant, 1-2 parts of an interfacial compatibilizer, 0.5-1 parts of a lubricant, and 0.5-1 parts of zinc borate; the flame retardant comprises diatomaceous earth, aluminum diethylphosphinate, and polyphosphoramide; the composite fiber comprises modified basalt fiber, phenolic fiber, and polyimide fiber; and a method for preparing the modified basalt fiber comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1, mixing basalt fiber acid solution, aluminum hydroxide, phosphoric acid and water, adjusting the pH to 4-5, and reacting to obtain a first basalt fiber;

[0009] S2. Add 4,4'-(3-triethoxysilylpropoxy)azobenzene to ethanol to prepare a treatment solution, add the first basalt fiber, and stir under ultrasonic conditions for 1-2 hours to obtain a second basalt fiber;

[0010] S3. Add the second basalt fiber to the polyamic acid solution at 0-5° C., immerse the fiber in the solution, dry it, and then gradually increase the temperature to obtain a modified basalt fiber.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0012] (1) The composite fiber, the flame retardant, and a portion of the interfacial compatibilizer are mixed, and then the polyamide resin, the antioxidant, the lubricant, the zinc borate, and the remaining interfacial compatibilizer are added to obtain a mixture;

[0013] (2) The mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain a fiber composite material.

[0014] As described above, the flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material and the preparation method thereof of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0015] (1) The present invention modifies basalt, coats the surface of basalt fiber with aluminum phosphate, and further forms a flame retardant layer on the surface of basalt fiber. At the same time, the roughness of the surface of basalt fiber is increased, and polyamide is subsequently formed outside the aluminum phosphate, so as to further improve the compatibility of basalt fiber and polyamide resin, thereby improving the dispersibility of basalt fiber in polyamide resin, facilitating a better formation of a network structure, and providing flame retardancy to the composite material.

[0016] (2) The present invention introduces an interfacial compatibilizer, a flame retardant, and composite fibers. The uniformly dispersed composite fibers form a three-dimensional network structure in the polyamide matrix. The flame retardant is distributed within the formed fiber network structure, which is equivalent to building a "physical barrier" during the combustion process. When the material is heated and burned, the fiber layer can delay the transfer of heat to the interior (reducing the heat conduction rate) and at the same time hinder the diffusion of oxygen to the unburned area (reducing the oxygen concentration). The addition of the interfacial compatibilizer facilitates further improving the dispersion of the composite fibers and flame retardant in the polyamide resin, thereby improving the flame retardancy of the composite material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose of the invention, technical solutions and beneficial technical effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. People familiar with this technology can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0018] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a flame-resistant, high-performance fiber composite material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of a polyamide resin, 30-60 parts of a composite fiber, 0.4-0.5 parts of an antioxidant, 10-18 parts of a flame retardant, 1-2 parts of an interfacial compatibilizer, 0.5-1 parts of a lubricant, and 0.5-1 parts of zinc borate; the flame retardant comprises diatomaceous earth, aluminum diethylphosphinate, and polyphosphoramide; the composite fiber comprises modified basalt fiber, phenolic fiber, and polyimide fiber; and a method for preparing the modified basalt fiber comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1, mixing basalt fiber acid solution, aluminum hydroxide, phosphoric acid and water, adjusting the pH to 4-5, and reacting to obtain a first basalt fiber;

[0020] S2. Add 4,4'-(3-triethoxysilylpropoxy)azobenzene to ethanol to prepare a treatment solution, add the first basalt fiber, and stir under ultrasonic conditions for 1-2 hours to obtain a second basalt fiber;

[0021] S3. Add the second basalt fiber to the polyamic acid solution at 0-5° C., immerse the fiber in the solution, dry it, and then gradually increase the temperature to obtain a modified basalt fiber.

[0022] Composite fibers include modified basalt fibers, phenolic fibers, and polyimide fibers. Polyimide (PI) fibers, with their molecular chains containing numerous imide rings (-CO-N-CO-) and benzene rings, exhibit high polarity (the polar group density is approximately 1.5 times that of polyamide (PA)). Although PI is slightly less polar than polyamide (PA), the polar groups of both (such as -C=O in PI and -NH- in PA) can interact through weak hydrogen bonds (-NH…O=C-) and van der Waals forces, reducing interfacial energy. Furthermore, the benzene rings on the surface of PI fibers and those in the PA molecular chain (if the PA is aromatic, such as PA6T) can further enhance interfacial bonding through π-π stacking, improving compatibility. Phenolic fibers, made from carbonized or cross-linked phenolic resins, have a high polarity due to the presence of numerous phenolic hydroxyl groups (-OH), carbonyl groups (C=O), and ether bonds (-O-). The -C=O in the amide group (-CONH-) of PA forms bidirectional hydrogen bonds (-NH…O=C- and -C=O…HO-) with the -OH groups of phenolic fiber, creating an interpenetrating network at the interface and enhancing the bonding strength between the two phases. This strong interaction allows the phenolic fiber to be stably dispersed in the PA matrix, rather than existing as "foreign particles."

[0023] The evenly dispersed fibers form a three-dimensional network within the polyamide matrix. The flame retardant is distributed within this fibrous network, effectively creating a "physical barrier" during combustion. When the material burns, the fiber layer slows heat transfer (reducing heat conduction) and hinders oxygen diffusion into unburned areas (reducing oxygen concentration). Phenolic fiber is a typical "char-forming" flame-retardant fiber. During combustion, it forms a dense char layer through dehydration and cross-linking reactions. While basalt fiber does not burn, the silica component (SiO2) on its surface catalyzes the dehydration and cross-linking of polyamide molecular chains at high temperatures, promoting the formation of a char layer. Polyimide fiber has extremely high thermal stability, maintaining its structural integrity before the polyamide decomposes, thereby delaying the release of combustible gases. When the three types of fibers are evenly dispersed, their char-forming or char-promoting effects synergistically work within the polyamide matrix, forming a thicker, denser char layer that effectively isolates the material from oxygen and heat. Modified basalt fiber, phenolic fiber, and polyimide fiber are all non-flammable or flame-retardant materials. Their addition dilutes the flammable content of polyamide. The even dispersion of fibers ensures this "dilution effect" is evenly distributed throughout the material, avoiding the formation of localized areas of high flammability.

[0024] After basalt fiber and polyimide fiber are compounded, the material's low-temperature resistance and chemical corrosion resistance are significantly improved; the high bond energy of the imide ring makes it difficult to break at high temperatures, and the fiber can still maintain some strength at 800°C; polyimide fiber will sublimate and decompose at high temperatures, releasing inert gases and diluting the oxygen concentration in the combustion zone; when polyimide fiber burns, it generates nitrogen-containing residual carbon, which covers the surface of the material, hindering heat transfer and volatilization of combustibles; after basalt fiber and phenolic fiber are compounded, the material's carbonization and thermal shock resistance are significantly enhanced; the phenolic fiber molecular chain is bridged by methylene to form a three-dimensional network structure, which is not easy to decompose at high temperatures; during combustion, small phosphorus / nitrogen molecules are released to quench free radicals, and at the same time, the benzene ring and ether bond are dehydrated to form carbon.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyamide resin, 40-50 parts of composite fiber, 0.4-0.5 parts of antioxidant, 16-17 parts of flame retardant, 1-2 parts of interfacial compatibilizer, 0.5-1 parts of lubricant, and 0.5-1 parts of zinc borate.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the basalt fiber, aluminum hydroxide, and phosphoric acid is 10-15:1-2:8-10.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, the solvent of the polyamic acid solution in step S3 is NMP solvent, and the concentration of the polyamic acid solution is 14-15%.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the stepwise heating in step S3 is as follows: first, keeping the temperature at 70-85°C for 25-35 minutes; then, keeping the temperature at 110-130°C for 25-35 minutes; and then, keeping the temperature at 200-230°C for 55-75 minutes.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, the composite fiber is composed of modified basalt fiber, phenolic fiber and polyimide fiber in a mass ratio of 5-7:1-2:1-2.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the antioxidant is selected from one or more of 1010, 168 or 1076.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the flame retardant is composed of diatomaceous earth, aluminum diethylphosphinate and polyphosphoramide in a mass ratio of 2-4:3-5:1-3.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, the interfacial compatibilizer is selected from one or more of maleic anhydride grafted PP, maleic anhydride grafted POE, maleic anhydride grafted EVA, maleic anhydride grafted EPDM, maleic anhydride grafted ABS, maleic anhydride grafted PS or a silane coupling agent.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the lubricant is selected from one or more of oleamide, stearamide, and ethylene bisstearamide.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the invention further comprises 4-10 parts of a reinforcing agent, wherein the reinforcing agent is selected from two or more of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, nano-silica, or kaolin. Preferably, the reinforcing agent comprises p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, nano-silica, and kaolin in a mass ratio of 1-2:4-5:2-3. The nano-silica is nano-silica modified with a silane coupling agent.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the use of a silane coupling agent to modify silica is conventional in the art and is performed using conventional methods in the art. Modification of nanosilica with a silane coupling agent allows the surface of the nanoparticles to be dispersed in the resin and migrate to the fiber-resin interface, where they limit interfacial slip through a "physical pinning" effect. Furthermore, the high specific surface area of ​​the nanoparticles increases the interfacial bonding area.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the kaolin is modified kaolin, and the preparation method of the modified kaolin comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) Add kaolin to 1 / 2 isopropanol aqueous solution, heat and stir rapidly to prepare kaolin pretreatment solution;

[0038] (2) adding hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and sulfuric acid to the remaining isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution, heating and stirring uniformly to obtain a functional liquid;

[0039] (3) adding the kaolin pretreatment solution of step (1) to the functional solution of step (2), heating and rapidly stirring, filtering, washing the filter residue with an isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution until neutral, drying and grinding, and sieving to obtain the product.

[0040] By using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a modifier to modify kaolin, some of the molecules of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide can be filled between the kaolin layers, so that the spacing between the kaolin layers is expanded, so that the resin base material and the kaolin layers can be well combined. The kaolin layers dispersed in the resin base material can block the entry of gas molecules, the diffusion path of gas molecules is increased, and the permeability coefficient is reduced, so that the composite material has good gas barrier properties. Due to the barrier effect formed by the kaolin layer structure, the combustible gas released by the composite material during combustion is not easily absorbed in the polymer. Diffusion, thereby slowing down the combustion process of the composite material; at the same time, introducing hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide into the interlayer of kaolin can make the surface of kaolin hydrophobic, have good expansion performance, and make the surface of the kaolin layer covered by the molecular chain of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide molecules covering the surface of the kaolin layer can form NH...N type hydrogen bonds between the molecules of the nitrogen-containing flame retardant, so that the nitrogen-containing flame retardant can be evenly distributed in the composite material, further inhibiting the combustion of the composite material, improving the flame retardant performance of the composite material, and avoiding the generation of large amounts of smoke and toxic gases during combustion.

[0041] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0042] (1) The composite fiber, the flame retardant, and a portion of the interfacial compatibilizer are mixed, and then the polyamide resin, the antioxidant, the lubricant, the zinc borate, and the remaining interfacial compatibilizer are added to obtain a mixture;

[0043] (2) The mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain a fiber composite material.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the extrusion temperature in step (2) is 150-200°C.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, an enhancer is further included, and the enhancer is added in step (1).

[0046] The present invention is further described below by way of examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.

[0047] When the embodiments provide numerical ranges, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specified in the present invention, both endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints can be selected. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. In the embodiments, if specific conditions are not specified, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for all reagents or instruments, they are conventional products that can be obtained by commercial purchase. In addition to the specific methods, equipment, and materials used in the embodiments, according to the grasp of the prior art by those skilled in the art and the record of the present invention, any method, equipment, and material of the prior art similar or equivalent to the methods, equipment, and materials in the embodiments of the present invention can also be used to realize the present invention.

[0048] Example

[0049] Table 1 Composition ratio of raw materials for flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite materials of Examples 1-4

[0050] Raw materials / portion Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 polyamide resin 100 100 100 100 Composite fiber 30 50 60 50 antioxidants 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 flame retardants 10 16 18 16 interfacial compatibilizer 1 1 2 1 lubricant 0.5 0.7 1 0.7 zinc borate 0.5 0.7 1 0.7 Enhancer / / / 6

[0051] Example 1

[0052] This embodiment provides a flame-resistant, high-performance fiber composite material, the raw material components and proportions of which are shown in Table 1. Specifically, the polyamide resin is PA6, the flame retardant is composed of diatomaceous earth, aluminum diethylphosphinate, and polyphosphoramide in a mass ratio of 2:3:1; the antioxidant is antioxidant 1010, the interfacial compatibilizer is composed of maleic anhydride-grafted PP and silane coupling agent KH550 in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the lubricant is oleamide. The composite fiber is composed of modified basalt fiber, phenolic fiber, and polyimide fiber in a mass ratio of 5:1:1; the phenolic fiber has a length of 1-1.5 mm and an aspect ratio of 20-30; the polyimide fiber has a length of 0.2-3 mm and an aspect ratio of 30-50.

[0053] The preparation method of the modified basalt fiber comprises the following steps:

[0054] S1. 100 g of basalt fiber (5-10 mm in length, 5-10 μm in diameter) was dispersed in 1000 ml of water, and then mixed with a 40% sulfuric acid solution and adjusted to a pH of 2 to obtain a basalt fiber acidic solution. 11.7 g of aluminum hydroxide (particle size ≤ 100 mesh), 86.7 g of 2 mol / L phosphoric acid, and 100 ml of water were then added and mixed uniformly. The mixture was heated to 70° C. in a water bath, and then an ammonia solution was added dropwise with magnetic stirring to adjust the pH to 4.8 to produce a phosphate precipitate. The precipitate was filtered and washed with deionized water. After the reaction, the fiber was washed with deionized water three times and dried under vacuum (-0.08 MPa) at 80° C. for 6 h to obtain a first basalt fiber.

[0055] S2. 4,4'-(3-triethoxysilylpropoxy)azobenzene was added to 95% ethanol to prepare a treatment solution, followed by the addition of sodium lauryl sulfate and the first basalt fiber, and the mixture was stirred under ultrasonic conditions for 1 hour to obtain a second basalt fiber; the mass volume ratio of the first basalt fiber to the treatment solution was 1:15; the concentration of the treatment solution was 1%; and the amount of sodium lauryl sulfate added was 0.1% of the first basalt fiber;

[0056] S3. Immerse the second basalt fiber in a polyamic acid solution at 0-5°C (solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:8). Maintain the temperature at 26°C and mechanically stir for 2 hours. Remove the fiber from the solution and dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 75°C under -0.08 MPa for 5 hours. After drying, heat the solution in a series of steps to obtain the modified basalt fiber. The heating steps are: 80°C (1°C / min) for 30 minutes, followed by 130°C (2°C / min) for 30 minutes, and finally 220°C (5°C / min) for 60 minutes. The polyamic acid solution has a concentration of 15% and is prepared using N-methylpyrrolidone as the solvent.

[0057] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0058] (1) The composite fiber, the flame retardant, and 1 / 2 of the interfacial compatibilizer are mixed, and then the polyamide resin, the antioxidant, the lubricant, the zinc borate, and the remaining interfacial compatibilizer are added to obtain a mixture;

[0059] (2) The mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain a fiber composite material. The extrusion temperature is 190°C.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] This embodiment provides a flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material, the raw material components and proportions are shown in Table 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the raw material components and proportions are different.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] This embodiment provides a flame-resistant, high-performance fiber composite material. The raw material components and proportions are shown in Table 1. This embodiment differs from Example 1 in that the raw material composition ratios are different. Specifically, the flame retardant comprises diatomaceous earth, aluminum diethylphosphinate, and polyphosphoramide in a mass ratio of 4:5:3; and the composite fiber comprises modified basalt fiber, phenolic fiber, and polyimide fiber in a mass ratio of 7:2:2.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] This embodiment provides a flame-resistant, high-performance fiber composite material, the raw material components and proportions are shown in Table 1. The difference from Example 2 is that the raw material components have different proportions. A reinforcing agent is added. Specifically, the reinforcing agent is composed of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, silane-modified nano-silica, and kaolin in a mass ratio of 1:4:2. The preparation method of the silane-modified nano-silica is as follows: 0.8 parts of nano-SiO2 are added to 20 parts of toluene, and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes using an ultrasonic cleaner (300W) at room temperature to obtain a uniform suspension. Then 0.364 parts of KH-560 are added to the suspension and ultrasonically mixed for 5 minutes. The reaction is carried out in a constant temperature bath at 90°C for 6 hours. The reaction solution is centrifuged at room temperature at 12000r / min to obtain modified nano-SiO2, which is then ultrasonically centrifuged 6 times. Vacuum drying for 8 hours is obtained.

[0066] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0067] (1) The composite fiber, the flame retardant, the reinforcing agent, and 1 / 2 of the interfacial compatibilizer are mixed, and then the polyamide resin, the antioxidant, the lubricant, the zinc borate, and the remaining interfacial compatibilizer are added to obtain a mixture;

[0068] (2) The mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain a fiber composite material. The extrusion temperature is 190°C.

[0069] Example 5

[0070] This embodiment provides a flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material, which differs from embodiment 4 in that the kaolin is modified kaolin, and the preparation method of the modified kaolin includes the following steps:

[0071] (1) adding kaolin to a portion of an isopropanol aqueous solution, heating to 70° C. and rapidly stirring to prepare a kaolin pretreatment solution; wherein the concentration of the isopropanol aqueous solution is 50%; and the mass ratio of the kaolin to the isopropanol aqueous solution is 1:10;

[0072] (2) Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and the remaining isopropanol aqueous solution were mixed and stirred until completely dissolved, and then 0.3M sulfuric acid was slowly added to adjust the pH to 4.5, and the temperature was raised to 70°C and stirred uniformly to obtain a functional liquid; the amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was 5% of the mass of the kaolin;

[0073] (3) Add the kaolin pretreatment liquid of step (1) to the functional liquid of step (2), heat to 75° C. and rapidly stir to react for 4 h, filter, wash the filter residue with a 50% isopropanol aqueous solution until neutral, dry and grind, and sieve to obtain the product.

[0074] Comparative Example

[0075] Comparative Example 1

[0076] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that basalt fiber is used instead of modified basalt fiber.

[0077] Comparative Example 2

[0078] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the composite fiber is basalt fiber.

[0079] Comparative Example 3

[0080] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the composite fiber is modified basalt fiber.

[0081] Performance Testing

[0082] Flame retardant performance test:

[0083] The flame retardancy of the high-performance, flame-resistant fiber composite materials prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested. Flame retardancy was measured using a horizontal / vertical flame tester in accordance with the UL94 standard, and heat deformation temperature was measured in accordance with GB / T1634.2-2004. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0084] Table 2 Performance test results of flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite materials of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0085] Serial number Vertical burning 3.2mm / 1.6mm Heat deformation temperature ℃ Example 1 V-0 / V-0 187 Example 2 V-0 / V-0 193 Example 3 V-0 / V-0 190 Example 4 V-0 / V-0 196 Example 5 V-0 / V-0 198 Comparative Example 1 V-0 / V-0 182 Comparative Example 2 V-0 / V-1 181 Comparative Example 3 V-0 / V-0 183

[0086] The flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material prepared by the present invention has good flame-resistant performance.

[0087] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyamide resin, 30-60 parts of composite fiber, 0.4-0.5 parts of antioxidant, 10-18 parts of flame retardant, 1-2 parts of interfacial compatibilizer, 0.5-1 parts of lubricant, and 0.5-1 parts of zinc borate; the flame retardant comprises diatomaceous earth, aluminum diethylphosphinate, and polyphosphoramide; the composite fiber comprises modified basalt fiber, phenolic fiber, and polyimide fiber; and the preparation method of the modified basalt fiber comprises the following steps: S1, mixing basalt fiber acid solution, aluminum hydroxide, phosphoric acid and water, adjusting the pH to 4-5, and reacting to obtain a first basalt fiber; S2. Add 4,4'-(3-triethoxysilylpropoxy)azobenzene to ethanol to prepare a treatment solution, add the first basalt fiber, and stir under ultrasonic conditions for 1-2 hours to obtain a second basalt fiber; S3. Add the second basalt fiber to the polyamic acid solution at 0-5° C., immerse the fiber in the solution, dry it, and then gradually increase the temperature to obtain a modified basalt fiber.

2. The flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises 4-10 parts of a reinforcing agent, wherein the reinforcing agent is selected from two or more of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, nano silicon dioxide or kaolin.

3. The flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reinforcing agent is composed of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, nano silicon dioxide and kaolin in a mass ratio of 1-2:4-5:2-3.

4. The flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant is composed of diatomaceous earth, aluminum diethylphosphinate and polyphosphoramide in a mass ratio of 2-4:3-5:1-3.

5. The flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant is selected from one or more of 1010, 168 or 1076.

6. The flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lubricant is selected from one or more of oleamide, stearamide, and ethylene bisstearamide.

7. The flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite fiber is composed of modified basalt fiber, phenolic fiber and polyimide fiber in a mass ratio of 5-7:1-2:1-2.

8. The flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interfacial compatibilizer is selected from one or more of maleic anhydride grafted PP, maleic anhydride grafted POE, maleic anhydride grafted EVA, maleic anhydride grafted EPDM, maleic anhydride grafted ABS, maleic anhydride grafted PS or a silane coupling agent.

9. A method for preparing a flame-resistant high-performance fiber composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) The composite fiber, the flame retardant, and a portion of the interfacial compatibilizer are mixed, and then the polyamide resin, the antioxidant, the lubricant, the zinc borate, and the remaining interfacial compatibilizer are added to obtain a mixture; (2) The mixture is extruded and granulated to obtain a fiber composite material.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes an enhancer, which is added in step (1).