Roasting and semi-carbonization treatment process and equipment for agriculture and forestry solid waste

Abstract

The invention discloses an agriculture and forestry solid waste baking semi-carbonization treatment process which sequentially comprises the steps of crushing, drying, feeding, preheating and drying, destructive distillation and carbonization, discharging, gas recovery and the like. The device comprises a spiral feeding cylinder, a feeding dispersing mechanism, a rotary inner cylinder, a fixed inner cylinder, a carbonization outer cylinder, a hot air inlet pipe, an air outlet, a waste heat return pipe, a vertical cylinder, a spiral discharging cylinder and a matched water cooling device, the rotary inner cylinder drives a fluted disc to rotate through a driving gear so as to achieve material turning, and the feeding dispersing mechanism adjusts the feeding position to avoid accumulation; the air outlet and the air outlet box recover the combustible gas and convey the combustible gas back to the combustion system for heating the carbonization outer cylinder; according to the invention, the cooperative operation effects of uniform drying of materials, full utilization of heat energy, improvement of carbonization efficiency and continuous and safe discharging are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of resource treatment of agricultural and forestry solid waste, and specifically to a baking and semi-carbonization treatment process and equipment for agricultural and forestry solid waste. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of ecological civilization, agricultural and forestry solid waste (such as straw, sawdust, fruit shells, and branches) has become a renewable biomass resource and is of great significance in the development of new energy. Existing methods for treating agricultural and forestry solid waste primarily include direct combustion, composting, briquetting, anaerobic fermentation, and pyrolysis carbonization. Pyrolysis carbonization, among other technologies, has attracted widespread attention due to its ability to convert agricultural and forestry solid waste into high-value-added biochar, heat, and thermal energy.

[0003] However, the existing agricultural and forestry solid waste pyrolysis carbonization treatment equipment still has many technical problems in actual operation. First, the solid waste materials need to be fully dried before entering the carbonization treatment to reduce the moisture content and improve the carbonization efficiency. However, the uneven feeding of materials in the traditional drying method can easily cause accumulation or agglomeration, affecting the drying uniformity and thermal efficiency. Secondly, the lack of a position adjustment mechanism for materials during transportation can easily lead to problems such as concentrated material falling and insufficient local carbonization, which is not conducive to the control of carbonization uniformity. Thirdly, the heat energy recovery rate of existing equipment in the drying and carbonization process is generally low, and the waste heat cannot be effectively refluxed for use in the front-end drying link, resulting in energy waste and increased operating costs. Finally, the discharge process of the carbonized material is easily disturbed by residual hot air, and there is a lack of an effective transportation and cooling coordination mechanism, which affects the final product quality and equipment operation stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a baking and semi-carbonization treatment process and equipment for agricultural and forestry solid waste, which has high energy efficiency and can achieve dispersed and uniform material transportation, so as to solve the technical problems in the existing technology such as uneven drying, low carbonization efficiency, insufficient energy recovery and poor material discharge.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A baking and semi-carbonization treatment process for agricultural and forestry solid waste, specifically comprising the following steps: Step 1: The agricultural and forestry solid waste is crushed and fed into a feeding device, with the crushed particles required to be ≤30mm. All crushed materials are conveyed to a drying device to ensure that the moisture content of the materials is 10% before entering the dry distillation carbonization furnace: Step 2: After drying, the material enters the transfer silo and is then sent to the inner cylinder of the baking semi-carbonization furnace. The material in the inner cylinder is further dried and then enters the outer cylinder for dry distillation and carbonization. The material after dry distillation and carbonization is discharged through the discharging device, and the discharging device is equipped with a water-cooling jacket to cool the high-temperature carbonized material; Step 3: When the dry distillation carbonization furnace is started, the hot flue gas is sent into the combustion chamber at the bottom of the carbonization furnace to heat the carbonization outer cylinder through the burner. The furnace is started to operate for about 30-50 minutes. The combustible mixed gas precipitated during the normal carbonization process is sent into the hot blast furnace for combustion, providing a continuous heat source for the carbonization furnace and realizing a self-sustaining carbonization reaction. Step 4: After cooling in the carbonization outer cylinder, the flue gas is sent to the drying device as a heat source for drying the raw materials. The waste gas after the material is cooled in the drying device is connected to the external waste gas treatment device for collaborative treatment; Step 5: Configure a circulating cooling water system to cool down the hot flue gas and carbonized discharge.

[0006] Furthermore, in the step 3, the temperature of the inner cylinder of the carbonization furnace of the baking semi-carbonization equipment is preferably controlled at 100-130°C, and the temperature of the outer cylinder is controlled at about 300-400°C.

[0007] Furthermore, in the step three, the inner tube of the dry distillation carbonization furnace is a preheating and drying pipe, and the outer tube is a high-temperature carbonization pipe. The inner tube pipe uses the waste heat in the furnace to dry the material, and the outer tube is provided with a combustible gas recovery pipe. The carbonization pipe carbonizes the material at high temperature to decompose combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrogen. The pipe is heated by the recovery pipe, the flue gas purification system, and the burner. The mixed gas collected from the inside of the carbonization equipment enters the filtration system from the bottom, and the pure gas after filtration is recovered to the combustion chamber heating equipment to achieve the effect of reciprocating heating and carbonization.

[0008] Furthermore, it mainly includes a loading device, a drying device, a transfer silo, a hot air furnace, a baking semi-carbonization furnace, and a discharging device, wherein the baking semi-carbonization furnace includes a support frame, a first vertical plate is fixed on one side of the upper surface of the support frame, and a second vertical plate is fixed on the other side, a carbonization outer cylinder is fixed on the upper surface of the support frame, the carbonization outer cylinder is hollow inside, the carbonization outer cylinder is placed between the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate, and the bottom of the carbonization outer cylinder is connected to the hot air furnace; A fixed inner cylinder is installed on one side of the carbonized outer cylinder close to the first vertical plate, and a rotating inner cylinder is installed on the other side of the carbonized outer cylinder. The rotating inner cylinder and the fixed inner cylinder are concentric and butted against each other. The rotating inner cylinder passes through the end face of the carbonized outer cylinder, and a spiral feed cylinder is passed through the surface of the second vertical plate. The outlet of the spiral feed cylinder extends to the interior of the rotating inner cylinder. The spiral feed cylinder is used to add raw materials to the interior of the inner cylinder. A feed dispersion mechanism is also installed on the surface of the spiral feed cylinder, and the feed dispersion mechanism is used to adjust the position of the outlet of the spiral feed cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, inclined plates are symmetrically arranged at the lower part of the interior of the carbonized outer cylinder, and the ends of the two inclined plates that are close to each other are inclined downward. A C-shaped groove open upward is opened between the two inclined plates, and a spiral discharge cylinder is passed through the lower part of the surface of the spiral feed cylinder. The spiral rod of the spiral discharge cylinder extends to the inside of the C-shaped groove, and the spiral discharge cylinder is used for discharging and evacuating materials.

[0010] Furthermore, a hot air inlet pipe is symmetrically provided at the bottom of the carbonized outer cylinder. The bottom of the hot air inlet pipe is connected to the hot air furnace through a pipeline, and the hot air flows into the space at the bottom of the inclined plate, wherein a mesh plate is provided on the surface of one of the inclined plates.

[0011] Furthermore, the end of the fixed inner drum facing away from the rotating inner drum is connected to a waste heat return pipe, the waste heat return pipe passes through the first vertical plate, and the end of the waste heat return pipe is connected to the drying device.

[0012] Furthermore, a vertical cylinder is vertically fixed on the upper surface of the fixed inner cylinder, and the vertical cylinder penetrates the upper surface of the carbonized outer cylinder. The vertical cylinder is symmetrically provided with a discharge port, and the discharge port is placed above the fixed inner cylinder and inside the carbonized outer cylinder. A spiral feeding rod is vertically installed inside the vertical cylinder, and a feeding space is left at the bottom of the vertical cylinder and below the inner wall of the fixed inner cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, air outlets are evenly arranged on one side of the carbonized outer cylinder close to the second vertical plate, and a plurality of air outlets are covered on the outside of the air outlets. The air outlet box transports the combustible gas inside the carbonized outer cylinder into the combustion furnace. A gear disc is provided at the end of the rotating inner cylinder, and the gear disc is placed on the outside of the air outlet box. A driving gear is fixed to one end of the carbonized outer cylinder, and the driving gear and the gear disc are engaged with each other.

[0014] Furthermore, the surface of the spiral feed barrel is symmetrically provided with slide grooves, and the feed dispersion mechanism includes a slide barrel sliding on the discharge end of the spiral feed barrel and a bidirectional screw rotating horizontally above the inner side of the second vertical plate. A connecting rod is symmetrically provided at one end of the slide barrel, and the connecting rod slides inside the slide groove. A sliding sleeve is provided at the end of the two connecting rods facing away from the slide barrel, and the sliding sleeve is placed between the carbonized outer barrel and the second vertical plate. A fixing bolt is provided on the upper surface of the sliding sleeve, and a slider is symmetrically screwed on the surface of the bidirectional screw, and a connecting rod is hinged on the surface of the slider, and the ends of the two connecting rods facing away from the slider are hinged on the fixing bolt.

[0015] The present invention provides a process and equipment for baking and semi-carbonizing agricultural and forestry solid waste. It has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a slide groove on the spiral feeding cylinder and cooperates with structures such as a slide cylinder, a sliding sleeve, a bidirectional screw, a slider and a connecting rod to adjust the position where the material falls into the rotating inner cylinder, so that the material can be evenly scattered in the rotating inner cylinder, effectively preventing material accumulation during the feeding process, improving the uniformity of material preheating and drying, and solving the problem of uneven drying caused by concentrated feeding in the prior art.

[0016] The present invention utilizes the coaxial cooperation of the rotating inner cylinder and the fixed inner cylinder, and realizes the continuous rotation of the rotating inner cylinder through the driving gear and the toothed disc transmission, so that the material is continuously turned and dispersed during the rotation process, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency in the drying stage, and also reducing the material sticking to the wall and retention phenomenon, thereby solving the problems of insufficient drying and low efficiency in the existing carbonization device.

[0017] The present invention adopts a double-layer cylinder structure, in which the carbonized outer cylinder performs high-temperature carbonization reaction, and the rotating inner cylinder uses the heat radiation of the outer cylinder to achieve preheating and drying. At the same time, a waste heat reflux pipe is provided to introduce the high-temperature gas in the rotating inner cylinder into the front-end drying system, thereby improving the heat energy recovery efficiency and solving the problems of low energy utilization and large heat loss in existing devices.

[0018] The present invention provides an inclined plate and a C-shaped groove inside the carbonization outer cylinder, and arranges a spiral discharge cylinder in the groove. The spiral rod penetrates into the groove, which can discharge the carbonized material evenly and continuously, and cooperates with the water-cooling jacket to complete the cooling, preventing high-temperature carbonized materials from clogging or burning the discharge system, effectively solving the problems of poor material discharge and insufficient cooling in the traditional discharge structure.

[0019] The present invention is provided with an air outlet and an air outlet box structure, which can collect combustible gas in time during the carbonization process and transport it back to the hot air furnace for combustion through a conduit, thereby forming a heat source for the carbonization reaction, reducing dependence on external fuel, and solving the problems of high startup energy consumption and continuous heating dependence on external energy supply in traditional pyrolysis equipment.

[0020] The present invention arranges a vertical cylinder structure on a fixed inner cylinder, and cooperates with the internal spiral feeding rod to lift the material to the discharge port for discharge, thereby realizing directional movement and quantitative output of the material during the carbonization process, avoiding heat loss and safety hazards caused by high-temperature materials being directly thrown out of the carbonization cavity, and solving the problems of limited discharge process and unstable efficiency.

[0021] The present invention constructs an integrated feeding-drying-carbonization-discharging-gas recovery and circulating heating system. The structural components in the system are compactly arranged and functionally coherent, avoiding heat loss and pollution caused by multiple material transfers, improving processing efficiency and system stability, and solving the problems of scattered processes and poor coordination in traditional processing lines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a process flow chart of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the carbonization furnace of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a perspective schematic diagram of a horizontal top section of the outer cylinder of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed internal installation cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic cross-sectional view of ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the inner cylinder and the spiral feeding cylinder of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the slide structure of the present invention.

[0023] Among them, 1, support frame; 11, first vertical plate; 12, second vertical plate; 2. Carbonized outer cylinder; 21. Hot air inlet pipe; 22. Inclined plate; 23. Screen plate; 24. C-shaped groove; 25. Air outlet; 26. Drive gear; 3. Spiral discharge barrel; 4. Bellows; 5. Rotating inner cylinder; 51. Toothed disc; 6. Fixed inner cylinder; 61. Waste heat return pipe; 62. Vertical cylinder; 621. Discharge port; 7. Spiral feed barrel; 71. Chute; 8. Feed dispersion mechanism; 81. Slide cylinder; 82. Connecting rod; 83. Sliding sleeve; 831. Fixing bolt; 84. Bidirectional screw; 85. Sliding block; 86. Connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] A baking and semi-carbonization process for agricultural and forestry solid waste, such as Figure 1 The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: After the agricultural and forestry machinery solid waste is crushed, it is sent to the feeding device. The crushed particles are required to be ≤30mm. All crushed materials are transported to the drying device to ensure that the moisture content of the materials is 10% before entering the dry distillation carbonization furnace; the feeding device includes a conveyor belt, an elevator and a hopper structure, and the continuous transportation of materials is achieved through an automated conveying system; the drying device is connected to the back-end baking and semi-carbonization system, and the hot air drying structure and temperature control system are used to ensure that the moisture content of the crushed materials is controlled within 10%, laying the foundation for subsequent carbonization treatment.

[0026] Step 2: After drying, the material enters the transfer silo and is then sent to the inner cylinder of the baking semi-carbonization furnace. The material in the inner cylinder is further dried and then enters the outer cylinder for dry distillation and carbonization. The material after dry distillation and carbonization is discharged through the discharging device, and the discharging device is equipped with a water-cooling jacket to cool the high-temperature carbonized material; the transfer silo is connected to the spiral feeding cylinder, and the material falling position is adjusted by the feeding and dispersing mechanism to avoid local accumulation affecting the heating effect; the inner cylinder is a rotating inner cylinder, and the outer cylinder is a carbonization outer cylinder. The rotation of the rotating inner cylinder can realize the turning and dispersion of the material, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency; the water-cooling jacket structure in the discharging device is arranged on the outer wall of the spiral discharging cylinder, which can quickly cool the material to prevent the high-temperature carbon powder from causing thermal damage to the subsequent equipment.

[0027] Step 3. When the dry distillation carbonization furnace is started, the burner burns in the hot blast furnace, and the hot flue gas is sent into the combustion chamber at the bottom of the carbonization furnace to heat the carbonization outer cylinder. The furnace is started to normal operation for about 30-50 minutes. The combustible mixed gas precipitated during the normal operation carbonization process is sent to the hot blast furnace for combustion, which provides a continuous heat source for the carbonization of the carbonization furnace and realizes the self-sustaining carbonization reaction; the lower end of the hot blast furnace is connected to a hot air inlet pipe, which is arranged at the bottom of the carbonization outer cylinder to heat the carbonization outer cylinder and the internal fixed inner cylinder and rotating inner cylinder; the combustible mixed gas precipitated during the high-temperature operation of the carbonization outer cylinder enters the air outlet box through the air outlet, and the air outlet box transports the mixed gas to the combustion furnace for backburning and heating, thereby realizing closed-loop utilization and self-sustaining operation of the heat source.

[0028] Step 4: After cooling in the carbonization outer cylinder, the flue gas is sent to the drying device as a heat source for drying the raw materials. The waste gas after cooling the materials in the drying device is connected to the external waste gas treatment device for collaborative treatment; the flue gas returns to the front end of the drying system through the waste heat return pipe. The waste heat return pipe is arranged at the end of the fixed inner cylinder away from the rotating inner cylinder, which can recover the waste heat of the carbonization link to the greatest extent; the drying device is equipped with a high-temperature air duct, a circulating fan and a moisture discharge channel to realize dynamic adjustment of heat and humidity; the waste gas treatment device includes a condensation dust collector and an activated carbon filter module, which can efficiently purify volatile organic compounds and smoke particles to meet emission environmental protection standards.

[0029] Step 5. Configure a circulating cooling water system to cool down the hot flue gas and carbonized discharge. The cooling water system includes a water pump, a cooling water jacket, a heat exchanger, and a temperature control valve assembly. The cooling water jacket is respectively covered on the spiral discharge barrel and part of the air box area. The circulating cooling water is used to cool down the high-temperature material and exhaust gas after carbonization to ensure the safe operation of the equipment and prevent secondary volatilization or spontaneous combustion caused by high-temperature carbon powder during the discharge process.

[0030] In step three, the temperature of the inner cylinder of the carbonization furnace of the baking semi-carbonization equipment should be controlled at 100~130℃, and the temperature of the outer cylinder should be controlled at around 400℃-400℃; the temperature of the carbonization furnace is precisely controlled by the hot air output of the hot air furnace burner, and the inner cylinder temperature zone is used for drying and preheating, mainly absorbing the waste heat conducted by the outer cylinder to realize heat utilization; the outer cylinder is the main carbonization zone, and the temperature needs to be maintained at the level required for high pyrolysis reaction to achieve rapid pyrolysis and gas precipitation of agricultural and forestry solid waste.

[0031] In step three, the inner tube of the dry distillation carbonization furnace is a preheating and drying pipe, and the outer tube is a high-temperature carbonization pipe. The inner tube pipe uses the waste heat in the furnace to dry the material, and the outer tube is provided with a combustible gas recovery pipe. The carbonization pipe carbonizes the material at high temperature to decompose combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrogen. The pipe is heated by the recovery pipe, the flue gas purification system, and the burner combustion. The mixed gas collected from the inside of the carbonization equipment enters the filtration system from the bottom, and the pure gas after filtration is recovered to the combustion chamber heating equipment to achieve the effect of reciprocating heating and carbonization; the gas recovery pipe is connected to the air outlet 25 and the air outlet box 4, and the gas after preliminary filtration is collected into the hot blast furnace combustion chamber through the pipe. After combustion, a stable heat source is generated, which is further supplied to the carbonization outer tube for heating, forming an internal circulation system of thermal energy, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0032] See Figure 2-8, mainly includes a loading device, a drying device, a transfer silo, a hot air furnace, a baking semi-carbonization furnace, and a discharging device, wherein the baking semi-carbonization furnace includes a supporting frame 1, a first vertical plate 11 is fixed to one side of the upper surface of the supporting frame 1, and a second vertical plate 12 is fixed to the other side; a carbonization outer cylinder 2 is fixed to the upper surface of the supporting frame 1, the carbonization outer cylinder 2 is hollow inside, the carbonization outer cylinder 2 is placed between the first vertical plate 11 and the second vertical plate 12, and the bottom of the carbonization outer cylinder 2 is connected to the hot air furnace, so as to introduce the high-temperature hot air generated in the hot air furnace into the carbonization outer cylinder 2; the first vertical plate 11 and the second vertical plate 12 are respectively used to fix the inner cylinder assembly and the feeding assembly, and play the role of support and sealing; a fixed Inner cylinder 6, the fixed inner cylinder 6 is a static non-rotating structure, which is mainly used to guide the reflux of high-temperature gas and the directional movement of materials; a rotating inner cylinder 5 is installed on the other side of the carbonizing outer cylinder 2, and the rotating inner cylinder 5 is concentric with the fixed inner cylinder 6 and docked with each other, which is used to complete the preheating and drying of the material; the rotating inner cylinder 5 passes through the end face of the carbonizing outer cylinder 2, and a spiral feeding cylinder 7 is passed through the surface of the second vertical plate 12, and the outlet of the spiral feeding cylinder 7 extends to the inside of the rotating inner cylinder 5. The spiral feeding cylinder 7 is used to add raw materials to the inside of the rotating inner cylinder 5 to ensure continuous and stable feeding; a feeding dispersion mechanism 8 is also installed on the surface of the spiral feeding cylinder 7, and the feeding dispersion mechanism 8 is used to adjust the position of the outlet of the spiral feeding cylinder 7 to achieve dispersed delivery of materials and prevent local accumulation from causing uneven drying.

[0033] See Figure 2-5 , inclined plates 22 are symmetrically arranged at the lower part of the carbonization outer cylinder 2, and the ends of the two inclined plates 22 that are close to each other are inclined downward to form an inclined angle to facilitate the gravity sliding of the material; an upwardly open C-shaped groove 24 is provided between the two inclined plates 22, and the C-shaped groove 24 is used to receive the material and cooperate with the spiral discharging cylinder 3 to realize discharging; a spiral discharging cylinder 3 is passed through the lower surface of the spiral feeding cylinder 7, and the screw rod of the spiral discharging cylinder 3 extends into the inside of the C-shaped groove 24, and the spiral discharging cylinder 3 is used to output the carbonized material to the discharging system, and at the same time, the spiral structure is used to loosen and stratify the material, thereby improving the discharging efficiency and uniformity; the screw rod is connected to the drive system and can realize constant speed rotation to ensure continuous and unblocked material discharging.

[0034] See Figure 2-4 A hot air inlet pipe 21 is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the carbonizing outer cylinder 2. The bottom of the hot air inlet pipe 21 is connected to the hot air furnace through a pipe to ensure that the hot air enters the internal space of the carbonizing outer cylinder 2 evenly from the bottom; the hot air is introduced into the space at the bottom of the inclined plate 22, and the carbonizing outer cylinder 2 and the rotating inner cylinder 5 are heated by conduction and convection to achieve overall internal temperature increase; a mesh plate 23 is provided on the surface of one of the inclined plates 22, and the mesh plate 23 has the function of filtering and equalizing flow, preventing particulate matter from entering the hot air channel, ensuring that the hot air is transmitted smoothly and evenly distributed in the heating space, and improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0035] See Figure 1-8 The end of the fixed inner drum 6 facing away from the rotating inner drum 5 is connected to a waste heat return pipe 61, which passes through the first vertical plate 11, and the end of the waste heat return pipe 61 is connected to the drying device; the waste heat return pipe 61 is used to return the high-temperature gas inside the rotating inner drum 5 to the front-end drying system to achieve energy recycling; this structure improves energy utilization efficiency, reduces dependence on external energy, and avoids direct discharge of high-temperature gas to cause energy waste and environmental pollution.

[0036] See Figure 1-8 A vertical cylinder 62 is vertically fixed on the upper surface of the fixed inner cylinder 6. The vertical cylinder 62 penetrates the upper surface of the carbonization outer cylinder 2 and is used to lift the carbonized material from the inside to the discharge port; the surface of the vertical cylinder 62 is symmetrically provided with discharge ports 621, which are placed above the fixed inner cylinder 6 and inside the carbonization outer cylinder 2 for easy discharge and collection; a spiral feeding rod is vertically installed inside the vertical cylinder 62, which is used to transport the material axially along the vertical cylinder 62 to the discharge port 621 to realize automatic and continuous discharge; a feeding space is left at the bottom of the vertical cylinder 62 and below the inner wall of the fixed inner cylinder 6 to ensure that the material can smoothly enter the spiral conveying path to avoid accumulation.

[0037] See Figure 2-7 , the carbonizing outer cylinder 2 is evenly provided with air outlets 25 on one side close to the second vertical plate 12, and multiple air outlets 25 are used to discharge the combustible mixed gas generated during the carbonization process; the multiple air outlets 25 are covered with an air outlet box 4 on the outside, and the air outlet box 4 is a sealed structure, which can collect the mixed gas discharged from multiple air outlets 25 and centrally transport it to the hot blast furnace for combustion; the air outlet box 4 is provided with an air guide plate and a primary filtering device inside to prevent particulate impurities from entering the combustion system; a toothed disc 51 is provided at the end of the rotating inner cylinder 5, and the toothed disc 51 is placed on the outside of the air outlet box 4 and meshes with the driving gear 26; a driving gear 26 is fixed to one end of the carbonizing outer cylinder 2, and the driving gear 26 is driven by a motor to rotate, driving the toothed disc 51 and the rotating inner cylinder 5 to rotate synchronously, thereby completing the turning and drying of the material.

[0038] See Figure 2-8The surface of the spiral feed cylinder 7 is symmetrically provided with a slide groove 71, and a connecting rod 82 is provided inside the slide groove 71 for sliding cooperation installation; the feed dispersion mechanism 8 includes a slide cylinder 81 sliding on the discharge end of the spiral feed cylinder 7, and a connecting rod 82 is symmetrically provided at one end of the slide cylinder 81. The connecting rod 82 slides inside the slide groove 71 to connect and guide the movement of the sleeve 83; a sleeve 83 is provided at one end of the two connecting rods 82 away from the slide cylinder 81. The sleeve 83 is placed between the carbonized outer cylinder 2 and the second vertical plate 12 and can move axially along the spiral feed cylinder 7; a fixing bolt 831 is provided on the upper surface of the sleeve 83, and the fixing bolt 83 1 is used to hinge and fix the sliding sleeve 83 and the connecting rod 86; the bidirectional screw 84 is horizontally rotatably installed on the upper inner side of the second vertical plate 12, and the slider 85 is symmetrically screwed on the surface. The connecting rod 86 is hinged on the surface of the slider 85, and the ends of the two connecting rods 86 facing away from the slider 85 are hinged on the fixing bolt 831; by rotating the bidirectional screw 84, the sliders 85 are moved closer to or away from each other, driving the connecting rod 86 to drive the sliding sleeve 83 to move axially, and then driving the slide cylinder 81 to adjust the position of the feed outlet, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the material landing point and dispersion, improving the uniformity of preheating and drying, and preventing material accumulation and blockage.

[0039] Working principle: the dried material is conveyed to the inside of the rotating inner cylinder 5 through the spiral feeding cylinder 7. During the conveying process, the position of the slide cylinder 81 can be adjusted to control the position of the material falling into the rotating inner cylinder 5 to achieve bulk material and prevent material accumulation. When feeding, the bidirectional screw 84 is rotated to control the two sliders 85 to approach or move away from each other, and then the two connecting rods 86 and the fixing bolts 831 are cooperated to control the sliding sleeve 83 to move along the axis of the spiral feeding cylinder 7. The sliding sleeve 83 and the slide cylinder 81 are connected to each other by two connecting rods 82 to keep them fixed. Therefore, when the sliding sleeve 83 moves axially, the slide cylinder 81 can be controlled to move axially to adjust the position of the slide cylinder 81 port. In this process, the connecting rod 82 is placed inside the slide groove 71, and its outer curved surface is flush with the spiral feeding cylinder 7 to improve the sealing performance. The hot air from the heating furnace enters the carbonizing outer cylinder 2 through the hot air inlet pipe 21 to heat and carbonize the material inside the carbonizing outer cylinder 2. The hot gas generated during carbonization is discharged through the air outlet 25 and transported back to the combustion furnace through the air outlet box 4 to achieve rotation. The high temperature inside the carbonizing outer cylinder 2 can heat the rotating inner cylinder 5 to further dry the material inside the rotating inner cylinder 5. The high-temperature gas generated during drying flows back into the drying device through the waste heat return pipe 61. During drying, the driving gear 26 is started to drive the rotating inner cylinder 5 to rotate through its cooperation with the toothed disc 51, and the fixed inner cylinder 6 remains fixed. The rotation of the rotating inner cylinder 5 can disperse the material and improve the drying efficiency. After the drying is completed, the material inside the rotating inner cylinder 5 is dried and the screw inside the vertical cylinder 62 is started to rotate. The material is transported upward through the gap at the bottom of the vertical cylinder 62 and discharged through the discharge port 621 at the top. At this time, the material will be transported by the rotating inner cylinder 5 to the inside of the carbonizing outer cylinder 2. During the transportation process, it can be dispersed by the screw of the spiral discharging cylinder 3 so that the material evenly fills the internal space of the carbonizing outer cylinder 2 for carbonization. When the material is conveyed from the rotating inner cylinder 5 to the inside of the concave carbonizing outer cylinder 2, the rotating inner cylinder 5 keeps rotating so that the internal material rolls due to rotation, and then disperses the material so that it gradually moves toward the inside of the fixed inner cylinder 6. After the carbonization is completed, the material is transported out through the spiral discharging cylinder 3 and transported to the cold carbon device.

[0040] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A baking and semi-carbonization treatment process for agricultural and forestry solid waste, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: After the agricultural and forestry solid waste is crushed, it is sent to the feeding device. The crushed particles are required to be ≤30mm. All crushed materials are sent to the drying device to ensure that the moisture content of the materials is 10% before entering the dry distillation carbonization furnace: Step 2: After drying, the material enters the transfer silo and is then sent to the inner cylinder of the baking semi-carbonization furnace. The material in the inner cylinder is further dried and then enters the outer cylinder for dry distillation and carbonization. The material after dry distillation and carbonization is discharged through the discharging device, and the discharging device is equipped with a water-cooling jacket to cool the high-temperature carbonized material; Step 3: When the dry distillation carbonization furnace is started, the hot flue gas is sent into the combustion chamber at the bottom of the carbonization furnace to heat the carbonization outer cylinder through the burner. The furnace is started to operate for about 30-50 minutes. The combustible mixed gas precipitated during the normal carbonization process is sent into the hot blast furnace for combustion, providing a continuous heat source for the carbonization furnace and realizing a self-sustaining carbonization reaction. Step 4: After cooling in the carbonization outer cylinder, the flue gas is sent to the drying device as a heat source for drying the raw materials. The waste gas after the material is cooled in the drying device is connected to the external waste gas treatment device for collaborative treatment; Step 5: Configure a circulating cooling water system to cool down the hot flue gas and carbonized discharge.

2. The process for baking and semi-carbonizing agricultural and forestry solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, the temperature of the inner cylinder of the carbonization furnace of the baking semi-carbonization equipment is preferably controlled at 100-130°C, and the temperature of the outer cylinder is controlled at about 300-400°C.

3. The process for baking and semi-carbonizing agricultural and forestry solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step three, the inner tube of the dry distillation carbonization furnace is a preheating and drying pipe, and the outer tube is a high-temperature carbonization pipe. The inner tube pipe uses the waste heat in the furnace to dry the material. The outer tube is provided with a combustible gas recovery pipe. The carbonization pipe carbonizes the material at high temperature to decompose combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrogen. The pipe is heated by the recovery pipe, the flue gas purification system, and the burner. The mixed gas collected from the inside of the carbonization equipment enters the filtration system from the bottom, and the pure gas after filtration is recovered to the combustion chamber heating equipment to achieve the effect of reciprocating heating and carbonization.

4. The equipment used in the process according to claims 1-3, characterized in that: The invention mainly comprises a feeding device, a drying device, a transfer silo, a hot air furnace, a baking semi-carbonization furnace, and a discharging device, wherein the baking semi-carbonization furnace comprises a support frame (1), a first vertical plate (11) is fixed on one side of the upper surface of the support frame (1), and a second vertical plate (12) is fixed on the other side; a carbonization outer cylinder (2) is fixed on the upper surface of the support frame (1), the carbonization outer cylinder (2) is hollow inside, the carbonization outer cylinder (2) is placed between the first vertical plate (11) and the second vertical plate (12), and the bottom of the carbonization outer cylinder (2) is connected to the hot air furnace; A fixed inner cylinder (6) is installed on one side of the carbonized outer cylinder (2) close to the first vertical plate (11), and a rotating inner cylinder (5) is installed on the other side of the carbonized outer cylinder (2). The rotating inner cylinder (5) and the fixed inner cylinder (6) are concentric and butted against each other. The rotating inner cylinder (5) passes through the end surface of the carbonized outer cylinder (2), and a spiral feed cylinder (7) passes through the surface of the second vertical plate (12). The outlet of the spiral feed cylinder (7) extends into the interior of the rotating inner cylinder (5). The spiral feed cylinder (7) is used to add raw materials into the interior of the inner cylinder. A feed dispersion mechanism (8) is also installed on the surface of the spiral feed cylinder (7). The feed dispersion mechanism (8) is used to adjust the position of the outlet of the spiral feed cylinder (7).

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Inclined plates (22) are symmetrically arranged at the lower part of the interior of the carbonized outer cylinder (2), and the ends of the two inclined plates (22) that are close to each other are inclined downward. A C-shaped groove (24) that is open upward is opened between the two inclined plates (22). A spiral discharge cylinder (3) passes through the lower part of the surface of the spiral feed cylinder (7), and the spiral rod of the spiral discharge cylinder (3) extends into the inside of the C-shaped groove (24). The spiral discharge cylinder (3) is used for discharging and evacuating materials.

6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A hot air inlet pipe (21) is symmetrically provided at the bottom of the carbonized outer cylinder (2). The bottom of the hot air inlet pipe (21) is connected to the hot air furnace through a pipeline, and the hot air flows into the space at the bottom of the inclined plate (22). A mesh plate (23) is provided on the surface of one of the inclined plates (22).

7. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the fixed inner cylinder (6) facing away from the rotating inner cylinder (5) is connected to a waste heat return pipe (61), the waste heat return pipe (61) passes through the first vertical plate (11), and the end of the waste heat return pipe (61) is connected to the drying device.

8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A vertical cylinder (62) is vertically fixed on the upper surface of the fixed inner cylinder (6), and the vertical cylinder (62) penetrates the upper surface of the carbonized outer cylinder (2). The vertical cylinder (62) is symmetrically provided with a discharge port (621), and the discharge port (621) is located above the fixed inner cylinder (6) and inside the carbonized outer cylinder (2). A spiral feeding rod is vertically installed inside the vertical cylinder (62), and a feeding space is left at the bottom of the vertical cylinder (62) and below the inner wall of the fixed inner cylinder (6).

9. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The carbonized outer cylinder (2) is evenly provided with air outlets (25) on one side close to the second vertical plate (12), and a plurality of the air outlets (25) are covered with an air outlet box (4) on the outside. The air outlet box (4) transports the combustible gas inside the carbonized outer cylinder (2) into the combustion furnace. A toothed disc (51) is provided at the end of the rotating inner cylinder (5), and the toothed disc (51) is placed outside the air outlet box (4). A driving gear (26) is fixed to one end of the carbonized outer cylinder (2), and the driving gear (26) and the toothed disc (51) are meshed with each other.

10. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The surface of the spiral feed cylinder (7) is symmetrically provided with a slide groove (71), and the feed dispersion mechanism (8) includes a slide cylinder (81) sliding on the discharge end of the spiral feed cylinder (7) and a bidirectional screw (84) rotating horizontally above the inner side of the second vertical plate (12), one end of the slide cylinder (81) is symmetrically provided with a connecting rod (82), the connecting rod (82) slides inside the slide groove (71), and the ends of the two connecting rods (82) facing away from the slide cylinder (81) are provided with a sliding sleeve (83), the sliding sleeve (83) is placed between the carbonized outer cylinder (2) and the second vertical plate (12), and the upper surface of the sliding sleeve (83) is provided with a fixing bolt (831), the surface of the bidirectional screw (84) is symmetrically screwed with a slider (85), the surface of the slider (85) is hinged with a connecting rod (86), and the ends of the two connecting rods (86) facing away from the slider (85) are both hinged on the fixing bolt (831).

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