Magnetic gear structure, torque fluctuation reduction method and large telescope

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a magnetic gear structure, a torque fluctuation reduction method and a large telescope, the magnetic pole pieces of a magnetic gear are grouped, the relative position of each group is adjusted according to a specific formula, the arrangement of the magnetic pole pieces is changed from equal spacing to unequal spacing, the fluctuation torques generated by each group are mutually counteracted due to phase difference, and the torque fluctuation reduction effect is improved. The fluctuation amplitude of the cogging torque is effectively reduced, the operation stability of the magnetic gear is improved, the torque fluctuation of the magnetic gear is effectively reduced, and the problems that in the prior art, manufacturing and magnetizing are difficult, cost is high, and installation is difficult are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of large telescope driving, and in particular to a magnetic gear structure, a method for reducing torque fluctuations, and a large telescope. Background Art

[0002] As core equipment for astronomical observation, the accuracy of large telescopes depends directly on the stability of their drive systems. Since telescope primary mirrors are typically constructed from multiple segments, the mass of the moving parts increases significantly. Direct drive requires a large motor, which is costly and slow to respond. Therefore, indirect drive is achieved through a reduction gear mechanism.

[0003] When traditional mechanical gears are used as a reduction mechanism, the vibration and noise generated by contact transmission will reduce the observation accuracy. In addition, large-diameter gears are difficult and costly to process, and the high-frequency components of tooth profile errors are difficult to eliminate. After long-term use, the maintenance cost caused by wear and tear increases significantly.

[0004] Magnetic gears, as an alternative to mechanical gears, achieve contactless transmission through magnetic field coupling, avoiding mechanical wear and contact vibration. However, in existing magnetically modulated magnetic gears, the interaction between the high-speed and low-speed permanent magnet rotors and the pole pieces generates torque fluctuations, affecting transmission stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to address the technical problems in the related art and provide a magnetic gear structure, a method for reducing torque fluctuations, and a large telescope. The specific solution is as follows: A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for reducing torque fluctuations in a magnetic gear of a large telescope, comprising the following steps: S1: Divide the plurality of magnetic pole pieces of the magnetic gear into n groups in sequence, where n is an integer and is greater than or equal to 2; S2: Determine the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals. ; S3: According to the number of groups n and the group sequence k of each group of magnetic pole pieces, according to the formula , calculate the adjustment distance of each set of pole pieces , where k ≥ 3 and is an integer; The distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when a plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals; S4: Based on the calculated adjustment distance, the relative positions of the pole pieces of each group are adjusted so that the phase difference of the fluctuating torque generated by each group of pole pieces is 360° / n, so as to achieve mutual cancellation of the fluctuating torques of each group.

[0006] In some embodiments, the pole pieces are grouped in step S1 by sampling and grouping at intervals according to the arrangement order.

[0007] In some embodiments, when the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces is It is the geometric center distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when multiple magnetic pole pieces are evenly distributed.

[0008] In some embodiments, among the plurality of magnetic pole piece groups, the adjustment distance of the first group of magnetic pole piece groups is 0, and the adjustment distance of the kth group is calculated as an offset relative to the position of the (k-1) group in S2, and the offset is / 2n.

[0009] In some embodiments, the offset directions of two adjacent groups of magnetic pole pieces are different.

[0010] The second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a magnetic gear structure for a large telescope, including: a high-speed permanent magnet gyro rotor, a low-speed permanent magnet gyro rotor and a magnetic pole piece. The magnetic pole piece is adjusted in position using the method provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application to form an unequally spaced arrangement, and is configured to solve the direct drive problem caused by the increase in the mass of the moving part of the large telescope.

[0011] In some embodiments, the magnetic gear structure further includes: a fixing ring, wherein the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are distributed circumferentially along the surface of the fixing ring; the surface of the fixing ring is provided with slots for positioning the magnetic pole pieces, and the slot structures corresponding to each group of magnetic pole pieces are the same or different.

[0012] In some embodiments, the pole piece has a stepped structure and is configured to reduce high-frequency torque fluctuations caused by sudden changes in the local magnetic field.

[0013] In some embodiments, the pole pieces are arranged in a ring shape along the circumference of the fixing ring, and the axes of at least some of the pole pieces are tilted relative to the radial plane of the fixing ring.

[0014] A third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a large telescope, wherein the drive system of the large telescope is provided with the magnetic gear structure provided in the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application.

[0015] Compared with the related art, the above solution of the embodiment of the present disclosure has at least the following beneficial effects: The present invention groups the magnetic pole pieces of the magnetic gear and adjusts the relative positions of the groups according to a specific formula, so that the fluctuating torques generated by the groups cancel each other out due to the phase difference. Without changing the shapes of the magnets and the pole pieces, the torque fluctuations of the magnetic gear are effectively reduced, thus solving the problems of manufacturing, magnetization difficulties, high costs, and difficult installation in the prior art.

[0016] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the specification, are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a magnetic gear according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram showing a structure in which a plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals before adjustment according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram showing a structure in which a plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at unequal intervals after adjustment according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a torque fluctuation comparison diagram showing an unequally spaced arrangement of three groups of magnetic pole pieces after adjustment according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0021] Figure 5 3 is a comparison diagram showing the fluctuation torque of a magnetic gear before and after adjustment according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0022] Reference numerals: High-speed permanent magnet rotor 100 , fixing ring 200 , pole piece 300 , low-speed permanent magnet rotor 400 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present disclosure more clear, the present disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is apparent that the embodiments described are only a portion of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without creative effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0024] The terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The singular forms "a," "the," and "the" used in the embodiments of the present disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. "A variety of" generally includes at least two, and other quantifiers are similar.

[0025] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. may be used to describe in the present disclosure, these descriptions should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the objects being described. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the first may also be referred to as the second, and similarly, the second may also be referred to as the first. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein is merely a description of an association between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " as used herein generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship. The singular forms "a," "the," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0027] It should be further understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this embodiment and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0028] In the description of this disclosure, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections, electrical connections; and direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] As used herein, the words "if" and "if" may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting," depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if (stated condition or event) is detected" may be interpreted as "when it is determined" or "in response to the determination" or "when detecting (stated condition or event)" or "in response to detecting (stated condition or event)," depending on the context.

[0030] It should also be noted that the terms "include," "comprises," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such product or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprises a..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the product or device comprising the element.

[0031] In related technologies, reduction mechanisms often use mechanical gears. However, because mechanical gears utilize contact transmission, they generate vibration and noise during operation, affecting telescope observation accuracy. Large-diameter gears are difficult and costly to manufacture. Furthermore, the high-frequency components of tooth profile errors are significant, making them difficult to eliminate through control. Furthermore, contact transmission can cause gear wear. Telescopes are often located in locations with favorable atmospheric conditions and high altitudes, making maintenance difficult and costly. To reduce disturbances and further improve telescope observation accuracy, it is necessary to reduce the fluctuating torque of the magnetic gears.

[0032] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a magnetic gear structure, a method for reducing torque fluctuations, and a large telescope. The method for reducing torque fluctuations of magnetic gears in a large telescope comprises the following steps: S1: Sequentially divide the plurality of magnetic pole pieces of the magnetic gear into n groups, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2; S2: Determine the distance between two adjacent pole pieces when arranged at equal intervals ; S3: According to the number of groups n and the group sequence k of each group of magnetic pole pieces, according to the formula , calculate the adjustment distance of each set of pole pieces , where k=1,2,…,n; The distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when a plurality of the magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals; S4: Based on the calculated adjustment distance, the relative positions of the pole pieces of each group are adjusted so that the phase difference of the fluctuating torque generated by each group of pole pieces is 360° / n, so as to achieve mutual cancellation of the fluctuating torques of each group.

[0033] The present invention groups the magnetic pole pieces of the magnetic gear and adjusts the relative positions of the groups according to a specific formula, so that the fluctuating torques generated by the groups cancel each other out due to the phase difference. Without changing the shapes of the magnets and the pole pieces, the torque fluctuations of the magnetic gear are effectively reduced, thus solving the problems of manufacturing, magnetization difficulties, high costs, and difficult installation in the prior art.

[0034] Optional embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] like Figure 1As shown, the present application provides a magnetic gear structure for a large telescope, including: a high-speed permanent magnet gyro rotor 100, a low-speed permanent magnet gyro rotor 400 and a pole piece 300, wherein a plurality of the pole pieces 300 are provided, and the plurality of pole pieces 300 are arranged at unequal intervals, and are configured to solve the direct drive problem caused by the increase in the mass of the moving part of the large telescope.

[0036] In some embodiments, the magnetic gear structure further includes: a fixing ring 200, wherein the fixing ring 200 is arranged between the high-speed permanent magnet rotor 100 and the low-speed permanent magnet rotor 400, and the plurality of magnetic pole pieces 300 are distributed along the circumference of the surface of the fixing ring 200, and the plurality of magnetic pole pieces 300 are sequentially divided into n magnetic pole piece groups, where n≥2 and is an integer.

[0037] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, the grouping method can be an equally spaced sampling grouping. For example, if there are 9 magnetic pole pieces 300 and the magnetic pole pieces 300 need to be divided into two groups, the magnetic pole pieces 300 are numbered 1-9, and the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 are recorded as the first group, and the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 2, 4, 6, and 8 are recorded as the second group; if the magnetic pole pieces 300 need to be divided into three groups, the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 4, and 7 are recorded as the first group, the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 2, 5, and 8 are recorded as the second group, and the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 3, 6, and 9 are recorded as the third group.

[0038] In some embodiments, the pole piece 300 is preferably made of silicon steel sheet, and the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron to ensure the magnetic field strength.

[0039] In some embodiments, the pole pieces 300 are rectangular in structure. These can be mass-produced through conventional processes such as stamping and cutting, eliminating the need for complex molds or high-precision machining equipment. This significantly reduces manufacturing costs and makes them particularly suitable for producing the large quantities of pole pieces 300 required for magnetic gears in large telescopes. The neat edges of the rectangular pole pieces 300 create a relatively regular magnetic field modulation region, ensuring more stable magnetic field coupling with the high-speed or low-speed permanent magnet rotors 400 and reducing additional magnetic field distortion or torque fluctuations caused by irregular shapes. Furthermore, each side of the rectangular structure is a straight line. When the rectangular pole pieces 300 engage the slots or mounting seats on the retaining ring 200, the positioning reference between the pole pieces 300 and the positioning ring is more clearly defined, enabling more accurate measurement of the spacing between the pole pieces 300 and ensuring that the phase difference between the actual placement of each set of pole pieces 300 matches the calculated design position.

[0040] In some embodiments, the pole piece 300 has a stepped structure, and multiple steps refine the magnetic field transition region, making the magnetic flux interaction between the pole piece 300 and the permanent magnet rotor more uniform, further reducing high-frequency torque fluctuations caused by local magnetic field mutations.

[0041] The thickness or width of the stepped structure can be adjusted in stages according to the space limitations of the fixing ring 200, so as to achieve a compact layout within the limited space inside the magnetic gear while ensuring the accuracy of the unequally spaced arrangement of each group of magnetic pole pieces 300. When the stepped pole pieces 300 are applied to a magnetic gear structure with unequally spaced arrangement, the high-frequency torque fluctuation of the magnetic gear can be reduced.

[0042] It should be noted that both rectangular and stepped pole pieces 300 are compatible with the core design of unequal spacing, thereby enhancing the stability and applicability of the magnetic gear. Whether the magnetic gear uses rectangular or stepped pole pieces 300 has no effect on the unequal spacing arrangement.

[0043] In some embodiments, a slot for positioning the pole piece 300 is provided on the surface of the fixing ring 200. The slot corresponds to the shape and structure of the pole piece 300. The slot structure corresponding to each pole piece group is the same. The contour of the slot corresponds to the shape of the pole piece 300, ensuring that the pole piece 300 can be stably embedded in the fixing ring 200, avoiding the position displacement of the pole piece 300 caused by mechanical vibration due to the gap between parts.

[0044] In some embodiments, a slot for positioning the pole piece 300 is provided on the surface of the fixing ring 200, and the slot corresponds to the shape structure of the pole piece 300. The slot structure corresponding to each pole piece group is different, and each group of pole pieces 300 adopts a different shape due to functional requirements. For example, the first group of pole pieces is a rectangular structure pole piece 300, and the second group of pole pieces is a stepped structure pole piece 300; for example, the first group of pole pieces is a pole piece 300 with a first thickness, and the second group of pole pieces is a pole piece 300 with a second thickness. The first thickness and the second thickness are different, and are configured to make each part of the magnetic gear structure have a more adapted local magnetic field to meet the usage requirements in different scenarios.

[0045] In some embodiments, the pole piece 300 is arranged in an annular shape between the high-speed permanent magnet rotor 100 and the low-speed permanent magnet rotor 400, and at least a portion of the pole piece 300 is tilted relative to the radial plane of the annular arrangement to adjust the magnetic coupling phase between the portion of the pole piece 300 and the high-speed permanent magnet rotor 100, thereby reducing torque fluctuations. Specifically, the axis of the pole piece 300 is tilted relative to the radial plane of the fixing ring 200 at an angle α, where 0°<α≤30°.

[0046] In some embodiments, the inclination angles of different groups of pole pieces 300 are different, or among multiple pole piece groups, one or more groups of pole pieces 300 are inclined relative to the radial plane of the fixing ring 200, and the inclined pole pieces 300 and the non-inclined pole pieces 300 form a preset angle difference in the axial or radial direction to stagger the phases of the fluctuating torques generated by each.

[0047] In some embodiments, the distribution spacing of the slots corresponding to each of the magnetic pole piece groups along the circumferential direction satisfies the formula The slots are configured to allow the plurality of magnetic pole pieces 300 to be positioned and arranged at predetermined unequal intervals. Specifically, the present application also provides a method for reducing torque fluctuations in a large telescope magnetic gear, comprising the following steps: S1: Divide the plurality of magnetic pole pieces 300 of the magnetic gear into n groups in sequence, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2; S2: Determine the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces 300 when the plurality of magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged at equal intervals ; S3: According to the number of groups n and the group sequence k of each group of magnetic pole pieces 300, according to the formula , calculate the adjustment distance of each set of pole pieces 300 , where k ≥ 3 and is an integer; The distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces 300 when the plurality of magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged at equal intervals; S4: According to the calculated adjustment distance, the relative positions of the pole pieces 300 are adjusted so that the phase difference of the fluctuating torque generated by the pole pieces 300 is 360° / n, so that the fluctuating torques of the pole pieces 300 are offset from each other.

[0048] Since the present application is an improvement on the original equally spaced pole pieces 300, it is necessary to adjust the equally spaced pole pieces 300 to an unequally spaced arrangement structure, and all the pole pieces 300 in the magnetic gear structure need to be adjusted as a whole. It is the distance between two adjacent pole pieces 300 when all pole pieces 300 are arranged at equal intervals, that is, the reference spacing or fixed interval when multiple pole pieces 300 are traditionally evenly distributed, where n≥2 and is an integer.

[0049] It can be understood that a basic adjustment reference value is allocated to each group of pole pieces 300 on average, so as to preliminarily determine the approximate amplitude of the relative position adjustment of each group of pole pieces 300, and then realize the regular distance difference setting of adjacent grouped pole pieces 300 in the circumferential direction, and finally achieve the purpose of making the phase difference of each group of fluctuating torques 360° / n. In actual applications, the number of groups of the pole pieces 300 can be adjusted according to the demand for torque fluctuation reduction. For example, when n=2, the phase difference is 180°.

[0050] In some embodiments, k in S3 is the grouping sequence number after the magnetic pole pieces 300 are grouped, k=1, 2, ..., n, the first group is the reference group, the adjustment distance of the reference group is 0, and the adjustment distances of the other groups are calculated relative to the position of the (k-1) group in S2. Except for the first group, the offset of each group is / 2n.

[0051] In some embodiments, the grouping method of the magnetic pole pieces 300 in step S1 is to perform grouping by interval sampling according to the arrangement order. Specifically, in the circumferential direction of the fixing ring 200, the magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged continuously in a clockwise or counterclockwise order. Among all the magnetic pole pieces 300, the magnetic pole pieces 300 are divided into n groups by the principle of interval sampling grouping, and each group of magnetic pole pieces 300 is evenly distributed on the circumference of the fixing ring 200 and staggered with each other.

[0052] In some embodiments, the pole pieces 300 in step S1 are grouped uniformly in sequence. For example, a magnetic gear has N pole pieces 300, and the pole pieces 300 are numbered 1, 2, 3, ..., N along the circumference. The pole pieces 300 can be divided into n groups by the principle of interval sampling grouping, where N is an integer multiple of n. The first group selects pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 1+n, 1+2n, ..., 1+(m-1)n, where m is the number of pole pieces 300 in each group, and m=N / n; the second group selects pole pieces 300 numbered 2, 2+n, 2+2n, ..., 2+(m-1)n; and so on, until the nth group selects pole pieces 300 numbered n, 2n, 3n, ..., mn.

[0053] For example: when there are 6 magnetic pole pieces 300, the magnetic pole pieces 300 are numbered 1-6. If the magnetic pole pieces 300 need to be divided into two groups, the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 3, and 5 are recorded as the first group, and the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 2, 4, and 6 are recorded as the second group; if the magnetic pole pieces 300 need to be divided into three groups, the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 1 and 4 are recorded as the first group, the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 2 and 5 are recorded as the second group, and the magnetic pole pieces 300 numbered 3 and 6 are recorded as the third group.

[0054] In some embodiments, the pole pieces 300 in step S1 are grouped in an uneven manner in sequence. For example, when the total number of pole pieces 300 is 7, the pole pieces 300 are numbered 1-7. If the pole pieces 300 need to be divided into two groups, the pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 3, 5, and 7 are recorded as the first group, and the pole pieces 300 numbered 2, 4, and 6 are recorded as the second group. If the pole pieces 300 need to be divided into three groups, the pole pieces 300 numbered 1, 4, and 7 are recorded as the first group, the pole pieces 300 numbered 2 and 5 are recorded as the second group, and the pole pieces 300 numbered 3 and 6 are recorded as the third group. When the total number N of pole pieces 300 is not an integer multiple of n, the distance formula can be adjusted by introducing a quantity correction coefficient to ensure that the phase difference still meets 360° / n, thereby avoiding the reduction in the applicability of the solution due to the limitation of the total number of pole pieces 300.

[0055] In some embodiments, the equidistant arrangement described in S2 means that the geometric center distances between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces 300 are consistent when the N magnetic pole pieces 300 are evenly distributed, that is, all magnetic pole pieces 300 are arranged at equal intervals. It is the distance between the geometric centers of two adjacent pole pieces 300 measured along the tangent direction of the circumference of the fixing ring 200. If the edge spacing of the two pole pieces 300 or the radial distance between the two pole pieces 300 is used as a benchmark, it will cause errors in the subsequent distance adjustment calculation and affect the phase difference accuracy.

[0056] In some embodiments, the formula described in S3 , which is applicable to the scenario where the fluctuating torque of each group in the magnetic pole piece group is a sine wave and the waveforms overlap. If the fluctuating waveform is distorted due to differences in the magnetic gear structure, the formula needs to be adaptively corrected and recalculated.

[0057] Based on the above method, when n=3, the first set of pole pieces 300 are adjusted to a distance of 0, that is, fixed; the second set of pole pieces 300 are adjusted to a distance of , the third set of pole pieces 300 is adjusted to a distance of , so that the phase difference of each group of fluctuating torques is 120°.

[0058] In some embodiments, according to S3 According to the calculation results, the offset directions of two adjacent groups of pole pieces are different, and the torque fluctuation is offset by phase staggering, and the cumulative offset of the structure is avoided, ensuring that the total distribution of the pole pieces 300 is still uniform and symmetrical around the circumference of the fixing ring 200, without destroying the overall structural stability of the magnetic gear.

[0059] Specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, when the magnetic pole pieces 300 in the magnetic gear structure are divided into three groups, the N magnetic pole pieces 300 are first arranged at equal intervals, and then divided into three groups according to the principle of interval sampling grouping, with the first group as the reference group, which is the non-moving group, that is, the offset of the first group is 0. The second group is positively offset relative to the first group along the circumferential direction of the fixed ring 200. The distance, that is, moving clockwise The third group is negatively offset relative to the first group along the circumferential direction of the fixing ring 200 The distance is counterclockwise. .

[0060] The is the adjustment distance of the pole piece group, and the movement of the second group can be recorded as + , indicating movement in the clockwise direction; the movement of the third group is recorded as , indicating movement in the counterclockwise direction. This prevents the actual position of the pole piece 300 from being opposite to the preset position due to a wrong direction, ensures that each set of pole pieces 300 forms a preset phase difference according to the measured results, and achieves the effect of canceling out the fluctuating torque.

[0061] During the movement of the pole piece group, if the actual adjustment direction or distance cannot make the pole piece group reach the preset position, the phase difference between the fluctuating torques generated by different groups of pole pieces 300 will become larger or smaller, that is, the phase difference deviates from the design target, resulting in fluctuation superposition, which violates the purpose of reducing torque fluctuations.

[0062] Based on the adjustment of the above embodiment, after the adjustment of the three sets of pole pieces 300, the fluctuation torque comparison diagram of each set of pole pieces 300 is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the three curves in the figure correspond to the torque fluctuations of the first, second, and third groups of magnetic pole pieces 300, respectively, reflecting the change law of torque over time.

[0063] Each set of curves presents periodic sinusoidal fluctuations, and the fluctuation periods and amplitudes of the three sets of curves are basically consistent, indicating that the magnetic pole piece groups adjusted by this method have the same frequency and amplitude characteristics, which can make the positive and negative torque fluctuations of different groups offset each other.

[0064] In some embodiments, when the phase difference of the fluctuating torque generated by each group of pole pieces 300 is 360° / n as described in S4, the actual adjustment position of the pole piece 300 relative to the calculated value must have a position adjustment accuracy of ≤0.02mm to maintain the consistency of the fluctuating torque waveform of the pole piece 300 and ensure the performance stability of the pole piece 300 during operation. If the position deviation is too large, the actual phase difference will deviate from 360° / n, and the offset effect will be significantly reduced. Figure 4 As shown, when n=3, the torque fluctuation curves of the three groups of pole pieces 300 have a phase difference of 120°.

[0065] The present invention also provides a large telescope, wherein the drive system of the large telescope is equipped with the magnetic gear structure provided in the present invention. Specifically, to improve control accuracy, reduce vibration, and enhance observation precision, the telescope's azimuth and elevation axes can employ a reduction mechanism having the magnetic gear structure. The magnetic gear structure comprises a set of magnetic pole pieces grouped at unequal intervals along the circumference of a fixed ring 200. The pole pieces 300 are arranged at unequal intervals according to a preset phase difference, and the position of the pole pieces 300 can be precisely adjusted using a matching positioning device.

[0066] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 As shown, before adjustment, the pole pieces 300 were arranged at equal spacing, and the test curve exhibited significant periodic oscillations, indicating that the torque under equal spacing varied dramatically over time, resulting in poor stability. After adjustment, the pole pieces 300 were arranged at unequal spacing, and the curve was relatively flat. While there were periodic fluctuations, the amplitude was small and the fluctuations were gentle, indicating more stable torque during operation of the magnetic gear. This can reduce vibration, noise, and other issues caused by torque fluctuations, thereby improving the smooth operation of the equipment. Changing the pole pieces 300 from equal spacing to unequal spacing effectively reduced the fluctuation amplitude of the cogging torque and improved the stability of the magnetic gear's operation.

[0067] The magnetic gear structure provided by the present disclosure has a method for reducing magnetic gear torque fluctuations that is easy to manufacture, and can solve the problems of difficult and high cost in magnetizing magnetic gears in related technologies. In related technologies, the reduction of magnetic gear fluctuation torque is achieved by tilting the magnet and using a trapezoidal pole piece structure. Although the use of this structure can effectively reduce the magnetic gear fluctuation torque, it will make the shape of the magnet and the pole piece special, increasing the difficulty of manufacturing. In addition, when magnetizing magnets of special shapes, a matching magnetizing device is required, which greatly increases the difficulty and cost of preparing the magnets. At the same time, the special shape will cause difficulties in the installation of large telescope equipment. This solution does not change the shape of the magnet, but relies on adjusting the relative position relationship of the pole pieces 300 so that the fluctuation torques generated by the pole pieces 300 in different positions offset each other, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the overall torque fluctuation.

[0068] The present invention groups the pole pieces 300 and adjusts the relative positions of each group according to calculations to offset torque fluctuations between groups. This approach eliminates the need for specialized structures, reduces manufacturing complexity and costs, and eliminates negative impacts on the installation of large telescopes.

[0069] The specific structure, working principle, and beneficial effects of the magnetic gear structure, torque fluctuation reduction method, and large telescope provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure can refer to the magnetic gear structure, torque fluctuation reduction method, and large telescope described in any of the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. References to the common and similar parts between the various embodiments will be sufficient. For the systems or devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, their descriptions are relatively simple; for relevant details, refer to the descriptions of the methods.

[0071] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, rather than to limit them. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for reducing torque fluctuations in magnetic gears of large telescopes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Divide the plurality of magnetic pole pieces of the magnetic gear into n groups in sequence, where n is an integer and is greater than or equal to 2; S2: Determine the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals. ; S3: According to the number of groups n and the group sequence k of each group of magnetic pole pieces, according to the formula , calculate the adjustment distance of each set of pole pieces , where k ≥ 3 and is an integer; The distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when a plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals; S4: Based on the calculated adjustment distance, the relative positions of the pole pieces of each group are adjusted so that the phase difference of the fluctuating torque generated by each group of pole pieces is 360° / n, so as to achieve mutual cancellation of the fluctuating torques of each group.

2. The method for reducing torque fluctuation of magnetic gears of large telescopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pole pieces in S1 are grouped by sampling at intervals according to the arrangement order.

3. The method for reducing torque fluctuation of magnetic gears of large telescopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are arranged at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces is It is the geometric center distance between two adjacent magnetic pole pieces when multiple magnetic pole pieces are evenly distributed.

4. The method for reducing torque fluctuation of magnetic gears of large telescopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Among the plurality of magnetic pole piece groups, the adjustment distance of the first group of magnetic pole piece groups is 0, and the adjustment distance of the kth group is calculated as an offset relative to the position of the (k-1) group in S2, and the offset is / 2n.

5. The method for reducing torque fluctuation of magnetic gears of large telescopes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The offset directions of two adjacent groups of magnetic pole pieces are different.

6. A magnetic gear structure for a large telescope, characterized in that: include: A high-speed permanent magnet gyro rotor, a low-speed permanent magnet gyro rotor and a magnetic pole piece, wherein the magnetic pole piece is position-adjusted using the method for reducing torque fluctuations of a large telescope magnetic gear as described in any one of claims 1-5, forming an unequally spaced arrangement, and is configured to solve the direct drive problem caused by the increase in the mass of the moving part of a large telescope.

7. The magnetic gear structure for a large telescope according to claim 6, characterized in that: The magnetic gear structure further comprises: A fixing ring, wherein the plurality of magnetic pole pieces are distributed along the circumference of the surface of the fixing ring; The surface of the fixing ring is provided with a slot for positioning the magnetic pole pieces, and the slot structures corresponding to each magnetic pole piece group are the same or different.

8. The magnetic gear structure for a large telescope according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pole pieces are of stepped structure and are configured to reduce high-frequency torque fluctuations caused by sudden changes in the local magnetic field.

9. The magnetic gear structure for a large telescope according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pole pieces are arranged in a ring shape along the circumferential direction of the fixing ring, and the axes of at least some of the pole pieces are tilted relative to the radial plane of the fixing ring.

10. A large telescope, characterized in that: The driving system of the large telescope is provided with the magnetic gear structure according to any one of claims 6 to 9.

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