Energy-gathered cutting device for directional forcible entry of collapsed building

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy-gathered cutting device for directional forcible entry of a collapsed building, and belongs to the technical field of building forcible entry, the energy-gathered cutting device for directional forcible entry of the collapsed building comprises a double-layer shaped charge liner, and the double-layer shaped charge liner is formed by nesting an outer-layer shaped charge liner made of steel and an inner-layer shaped charge liner made of red copper; the outer-layer shaped charge liner is in an inverted frustum shape, and the inner-layer shaped charge liner is in an inverted frustum shape and comprises a high-detonation-velocity charge section, a thermite particle section and a low-detonation-velocity charge section which are sequentially connected in series; the detonating cord is connected with a high-detonation-velocity charge section, a thermite particle section and a low-detonation-velocity charge section in series, the delay detonator is arranged at the front end of the high-detonation-velocity charge section, and an outer-layer steel shaped charge crushes a concrete matrix through high impact toughness of steel to form an initial radial crack; the inner-layer red copper shaped charge liner generates high-speed energy-gathered jet flow by virtue of ductility of copper, the steel bars are efficiently cut off, and the inner-layer red copper shaped charge liner and the steel bars work cooperatively to improve the breaking efficiency and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building demolition, and in particular to an energy-gathering cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings. Background Art

[0002] Building demolition is an essential and unavoidable part of modern urban construction and development. With the accelerating pace of urbanization, the need to renovate older buildings and urgently address collapsed buildings following natural disasters like earthquakes is becoming increasingly urgent. Building demolition must be completed efficiently while ensuring the safety of the surrounding environment and avoiding threats to adjacent buildings, underground pipelines, and personnel. This places extremely high demands on demolition technology.

[0003] In natural disaster rescue scenarios, such as post-earthquake debris clearance, saving lives is the top priority. Statistics show that within the "golden 72 hours" after an earthquake, every hour a trapped person is rescued significantly increases their chances of survival. However, the shortcomings of traditional demolition technology in efficiency and safety often delay the optimal rescue opportunity. In urban renewal, the demolition of old buildings also requires precise operations in complex urban environments, minimizing the impact on the lives of surrounding residents and the normal operation of the city. Innovations in demolition technology are crucial for the sustainable development of cities, improving emergency rescue capabilities, and protecting people's lives and property.

[0004] Building demolition, especially for reinforced concrete structures, presents significant challenges. Reinforced concrete structures combine the high tensile strength of steel with the compressive properties of concrete, creating a strong and stable structure. When faced with demolition or post-earthquake rescue and demolition of such structures, effectively severing the steel and breaking up the concrete becomes a key challenge.

[0005] Traditional demolition techniques mainly include mechanical demolition and explosive demolition. Mechanical demolition, such as hydraulic breakers, is relatively simple to operate, but its demolition efficiency is low. For large-scale reinforced concrete structures, its operating speed cannot meet the requirements. At the same time, the huge vibrations generated during mechanical demolition may pose a potential threat to surrounding undamaged building structures, and the range of vibration impact often far exceeds the distance specified by safety standards. Although static cutting technology can cut structures more precisely, it is extremely time-consuming, costly, and has limited implementation in some complex environments. In terms of explosive demolition technology, traditional methods often use a single blasting method, which makes it difficult to simultaneously take into account the cutting of steel bars and the crushing of concrete, and cannot achieve efficient and coordinated demolition. Either the steel bars are not cut and the concrete is over-crushed, or the concrete is not fully crushed and the steel bars still hinder the demolition process, greatly affecting the efficiency and quality of demolition. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a concentrated energy cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings, so as to better crush concrete and steel bars and improve the efficiency of demolition.

[0007] The present invention provides a shaped charge cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings, a double-layer charge liner, comprising an outer charge liner made of steel and an inner charge liner made of copper, the outer charge liner being arranged in an inverted frustum shape with a cone vertex angle of 60° to 90°, the inner charge liner being arranged in an inverted frustum shape with a cone vertex angle 5° to 10° smaller than that of the outer charge liner; a three-stage detachable charge structure comprising an aluminum alloy shell, a porous steel shell, and a plurality of other shells connected in series through a threaded interface. The aluminum alloy shell comprises a plate shell and a low-density polyethylene shell, wherein a high-detonation-velocity charge segment is enclosed in the aluminum alloy shell, a thermite particle segment is enclosed in the porous steel plate shell, and a low-detonation-velocity charge segment is enclosed in the low-density polyethylene shell, and a plurality of axial slits are provided on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell; a directional detonation transmission component comprises a detonating cord which connects the high-detonation-velocity charge segment, the thermite particle segment and the low-detonation-velocity charge segment in series, and a delay detonator which has one end buried in the high-detonation-velocity charge segment and the other end penetrating the outer charge liner.

[0008] Preferably, a phenolic resin partition is provided between the outer liner and the inner liner, and the thickness of the phenolic resin partition is 0.6mm~0.8mm, which is used to isolate the interference of the explosion wave energy and ensure the timing coupling of the outer shock wave and the inner jet.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom diameter of the outer liner is 50 mm to 80 mm, and when its cone apex angle is 75°, the corresponding cone apex angle of the inner liner is 65° to 70°.

[0010] Preferably, the inner liner is replaced with tungsten alloy material.

[0011] Preferably, the high explosive velocity charge section has four axial slits with a depth of 2 mm to 2.5 mm and a width of 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm, which are used to control the initial crack direction and the concrete crack expansion path.

[0012] Preferably, the high detonation velocity charge is RDX mixed explosive with a detonation velocity of ≥8500 m / s and a charge amount of 50-100 g.

[0013] Preferably, the thermite particle segments are filled with particles of a mixture of Al powder and FeO in a mass ratio of 3:7, with a diameter of 0.5mm-1mm and a filling amount of 100g-150g. The segments are separated by porous steel plates 601 with a pore size of 1mm.

[0014] Preferably, the low detonation velocity charging section is filled with emulsion explosives with a detonation velocity of ≤5000m / s and a charge of 80g-120g, and is wrapped with a 10mm thick foam aluminum energy-absorbing layer on the outside.

[0015] Preferably, there are four positioning bosses evenly distributed circumferentially at the bottom of the charge liner, with a boss height of 5 mm, which are used to fix the device to the demolition surface and control the direction of the energy collection. The angle deviation between the positioning boss and the axis of the detonating cord is ≤2°, ensuring precise control of the direction of the energy collection jet.

[0016] Preferably, the delay time of the delay detonator is 50ms-100ms, so that the high-detonation-velocity charge section is detonated and then the thermite particle section is triggered with a delay, and then the low-detonation-velocity charge section is triggered with a delay.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention offers the following advantages: The outer liner utilizes the high impact toughness of steel to crush the concrete matrix, creating initial radial cracks; the inner liner leverages the ductility of copper to generate a high-speed focused jet, effectively severing rebar. This dual-material synergy, with steel breaking concrete and copper cutting rebar, solves the problem of asynchronous demolition caused by traditional single-material liners.

[0018] The three-stage charge structure achieves a graded energy release through the sequential detonation of a high-velocity charge, a thermite particle section, and a low-velocity charge section. The high-velocity section first breaks through the concrete cover, while the thermite section triggers a delayed trigger to produce 2500°C molten steel. The low-velocity section finally drives the jet to control crack propagation. This limits the vibration propagation range and reduces the incidence of secondary hazards.

[0019] The detonating cord is connected in series with three sections of explosives, and the delayed detonator ensures a precise timing sequence from crack rupture to fusion and expansion. The positioning boss fixes the device to the demolition surface, controlling the shaped charge jet direction with minimal deviation, achieving directional demolition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall planar structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the aluminum alloy shell structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a partial structural diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the porous steel plate structure of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Outer charge liner; 2. Inner charge liner; 3. High detonation velocity charge section; 4. Thermite particle section; 5. Low detonation velocity charge section; 6. Aluminum alloy shell; 7. Phenolic resin partition; 8. Slit; 9. Porous steel plate; 10. Energy absorbing layer; 11. Positioning boss. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 5 In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should be the common meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0027] The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects preceding the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects. "Inside", "outside", "upper", "lower", "far", "near", "front", "back" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. The drawings in the present invention are not drawn strictly according to the actual scale. The specific size and quantity of each structure can be determined according to actual needs. The drawings described in the present invention are only structural schematic diagrams.

[0028] The present invention provides a concentrated energy cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, it includes an outer liner 1 made of steel and an inner liner 2 made of copper, the outer liner 1 is set to an inverted cone shape with a cone apex angle of 60°~90°, and the inner liner 2 is set to an inverted cone shape with a cone apex angle 5°~10° smaller than the cone apex angle of the outer liner 1; a three-section detachable charge structure includes an aluminum alloy shell 6, a porous steel plate shell and a low-density polyethylene shell connected in series through a threaded interface, a high-detonation-velocity charge segment 3 is enclosed in the aluminum alloy shell 6, a thermite particle segment 4 is enclosed in the porous steel plate shell, and a low-detonation-velocity charge segment 5 is enclosed in the low-density polyethylene shell, and a plurality of axial slits 8 are provided on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell 6; a directional detonation transmission component includes a detonating cord with a high-detonation-velocity charge segment 3, a thermite particle segment 4 and a low-detonation-velocity charge segment 5 connected in series, and a delay detonator with one end buried in the high-detonation-velocity charge segment 3 and the other end passing through the outer liner 1.

[0029] In this embodiment, the outer liner 1 utilizes the high impact toughness of steel to crush the concrete matrix, creating initial radial cracks. The inner liner 2 leverages the ductility of copper to generate a high-speed focused jet, effectively severing rebar. This dual-material synergy, with steel breaking concrete and copper cutting rebar, solves the asynchronous demolition issues associated with traditional single-material liners.

[0030] The three-stage charge structure achieves graded energy release through the sequential detonation of the high-velocity charge section 3, the thermite particle section 4, and the low-velocity charge section 5. The high-velocity section first breaks through the concrete cover, while the thermite section triggers with a time delay to produce molten steel at 2500°C. The low-velocity section finally drives the jet to control crack propagation. This limits the vibration propagation range to ≤3 meters, reducing the incidence of secondary hazards. The aluminum foam energy-absorbing layer 10 further reduces shock wave propagation, meeting the low-disturbance requirements for collapsed building rescue.

[0031] The detonating cord is connected in series with three sections of explosives, and the delayed detonator ensures the precise timing from crack rupture to fusion and expansion. The positioning boss 11 fixes the device to the demolition surface, controlling the directional deviation of the shaped charge jet to ≤2°, achieving directional demolition.

[0032] When the cone apex angle is 90°, the focused jet formed by the outer liner 1 has a larger diffusion angle. Although its penetration is slightly lower than that at a smaller angle, it can cover a wider demolition range and is suitable for the initial crushing of large-area concrete structures. The energy concentration of the focused jet is closely related to the cone apex angle: when the angle is too small, the jet is too concentrated. Although it has strong penetration, its range of action is narrow, making it difficult to effectively crush the complex reinforced concrete structures in collapsed buildings. Excessive energy concentration may also cause severe local splashing, increasing the risk of secondary damage. The angle range of 60° to 90° can ensure that the jet has sufficient penetration and control the jet diffusion range, achieving directional demolition while avoiding energy waste. It balances the needs of "efficient cutting" and "low disturbance" and is suitable for scenarios where precise channel opening is required in collapsed buildings.

[0033] Preferably, Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a phenolic resin partition 7 is provided between the outer liner 1 and the inner liner 2. The thickness of the phenolic resin partition 7 is 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm, which is used to isolate the interference of the explosion wave energy and ensure the timing coupling of the outer shock wave and the inner jet.

[0034] In this embodiment, a phenolic resin partition 7 is added between the outer and inner charge liners 2 to isolate the interference of the detonation wave energy and ensure the timing coupling of the outer shock wave and the inner jet; the 5°~10° cone apex angle difference is combined with the partition to avoid energy loss, making the coordinated mechanism of first breaking the surface and then penetrating the core more stable, thereby improving the demolition efficiency. Through the difference in the inner and outer cone apex angles, "double-layer jet timing coupling" is achieved, thereby improving the demolition efficiency and accuracy.

[0035] Preferably, Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the bottom diameter of the outer liner 1 is 50mm~80mm, and when its cone apex angle is 75°, the corresponding cone apex angle of the inner liner 2 is 65°~70°.

[0036] In this embodiment, the dimensional parameters are optimized to balance penetration and coverage. With a base diameter of 80mm and a cone angle of 75°, the jet divergence angle is moderate, effectively breaking large volumes of concrete while also adapting to typical scenarios with rebar spacing ≤300mm, thus expanding the demolition range.

[0037] Preferably, Figure 4 As shown, the inner liner 2 can be replaced with tungsten alloy.

[0038] In this embodiment, the jet's penetration is enhanced to handle high-strength rebar or thick steel plates. Tungsten alloy's high density creates a jet with kinetic energy ≥10J, improving rebar cutting capabilities and making it particularly suitable for reinforcing structures in older buildings.

[0039] Preferably, Figure 3 As shown, the high explosive charge section 3 has four axial slits 8 with a depth of 2 mm to 2.5 mm and a width of 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm, which are used to control the initial crack direction and the concrete crack expansion path.

[0040] In this embodiment, the initial crack direction and the concrete crack propagation path are controlled. Four slits 8 ensure that energy is concentrated in the primary demolition direction, avoiding the energy dispersion caused by six or eight slits. This ensures accurate directional control while concentrating energy on the primary demolition path. This balances directionality and energy intensity, improving crack propagation accuracy and reducing the risk of disordered cracking.

[0041] Preferably, Figure 1 As shown, the high detonation velocity charge is RDX mixed explosive with a detonation velocity ≥ 8500m / s and a charge amount of 50~100g.

[0042] This embodiment provides high-energy-density cracking power. The high explosive pressure of RDX explosives, combined with the axial slit 8, can create an initial breach within 100μs, increasing concrete cover removal efficiency by 25%. The charge range is also adaptable to concrete of varying thicknesses.

[0043] Preferably, Figure 1~Figure 2 As shown, the thermite particle segment 4 is filled with particles of Al powder and FeO mixed in a mass ratio of 3:7, with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 1 mm and a filling amount of 100 to 150 g. The segments are separated by porous steel plates 9601 with a pore size of 1 mm.

[0044] In this embodiment, high-temperature melting of steel bars and controlled energy transfer are achieved. The 3:7 mass ratio is close to the stoichiometric ratio, generating 2500°C hot molten iron. While melting the steel bars, the porous steel plate 9 allows the detonation wave to pass through, triggering the reaction but preventing particle leakage.

[0045] Preferably, Figure 1 As shown, the low-detonation-velocity charge section 5 is filled with emulsion explosives, with a detonation velocity of ≤5000m / s and a charge amount of 80-120g. The outer side of the shell is wrapped with a 10mm thick foam aluminum energy-absorbing layer 10.

[0046] In this embodiment, the crack expansion speed is controlled and residual energy is absorbed. The emulsion explosive has a low detonation velocity, which generates quasi-static pressure to cause the concrete crack to expand along a preset path.

[0047] Preferably, Figure 1 As shown, there are four positioning bosses 11 evenly distributed circumferentially at the bottom of the outer charge liner 1. The boss height is 5 mm, which is used to fix the device to the demolition surface and control the direction of the energy collection. The angle deviation between the positioning boss 11 and the axis of the detonating cord is ≤2°, ensuring precise control of the direction of the energy collection jet.

[0048] This embodiment ensures precise positioning and energy focusing. Four positioning bosses 11 form a stable "four-point positioning" with a deviation of ≤2°, preventing jet deviation and improving directional accuracy. Compared to five or eight positioning bosses 11, this simplifies the structure and reduces processing costs.

[0049] Preferably, Figure 1 As shown, the delay time of the delay detonator is 50ms~100ms, which enables the high-detonation-velocity charge section 3 to be detonated and then delayed to trigger the thermite particle section 4, and then delayed to trigger the low-detonation-velocity charge section 5.

[0050] In this embodiment, sequential control of three-stage charging is achieved. After the high-detonation velocity stage detonates, a delay of 50ms triggers the thermite stage, which is then followed by another 50ms delay to trigger the low-detonation velocity stage. This ensures a seamless transition from crack breaking, rib melting, to crack expansion, improving adaptability to complex environments.

[0051] The method of using the energy-gathering cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings of the present invention is as follows: Use radar to detect the distribution of steel bars and concrete strength in collapsed buildings. Modularly adjust the device based on the detection results:

[0052] When the diameter of the steel bar is ≤14mm, a copper inner layer charge liner 2 is used.

[0053] When the diameter of the steel bar is ≥20mm, replace it with a tungsten alloy inner cover and increase the thermite filling amount to 200g.

[0054] When the concrete thickness is >500mm, two sets of devices are connected in series and the high-explosion-rate sections are detonated in parallel.

[0055] Assemble the high-detonation-velocity charge section 3, thermite particle section 4 and the low-detonation-velocity charge section 5 in sequence, check that the detonating cord runs through the series to ensure that the energy transfer path is unobstructed.

[0056] Attach the device to the breaching surface and secure it using the four positioning bosses 11 on the bottom of the liner, ensuring the detonating cord is facing in a safe direction. Cover the perimeter of the device with sandbags to absorb shock waves and debris.

[0057] Use a remote electronic detonator to trigger the delayed detonator: the delay time is 50ms, the high detonation velocity section is detonated 50ms later, and the low detonation velocity section is triggered 100ms later after the thermite section is triggered.

[0058] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A concentrated energy cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings, characterized in that: include: A double-layer charge liner, comprising an outer charge liner (1) made of steel and an inner charge liner (2) made of copper, the outer charge liner (1) being arranged in an inverted frustum shape with a cone apex angle of 60° to 90°, and the inner charge liner (2) being arranged in an inverted frustum shape with a cone apex angle 5° to 10° smaller than that of the outer charge liner (1); A three-stage detachable charge structure comprises an aluminum alloy shell (6), a porous steel plate shell, and a low-density polyethylene shell connected in series in sequence via a threaded interface, wherein a high-detonation-velocity charge segment (3) is enclosed in the aluminum alloy shell (6), a thermite particle segment (4) is enclosed in the porous steel plate shell, and a low-detonation-velocity charge segment (5) is enclosed in the low-density polyethylene shell, and a plurality of axial slits (8) are provided on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell (6); The directional detonation transmission assembly comprises a detonating cord which is connected in series with the high-detonation-velocity charge section (3), the thermite particle section (4) and the low-detonation-velocity charge section (5), and a delay detonator which has one end buried in the high-detonation-velocity charge section (3) and the other end penetrating the outer charge liner (1).

2. The energy-gathering cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: A phenolic resin partition (7) is provided between the outer liner (1) and the inner liner (2), and the thickness of the phenolic resin partition (7) is 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm.

3. The energy-gathering cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom diameter of the outer liner (1) is 50 mm to 80 mm, and when the cone apex angle is 75°, the corresponding cone apex angle of the inner liner (2) is 65° to 70°.

4. The energy-gathering cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner liner (2) is replaced with a tungsten alloy material.

5. The energy-gathering cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high explosive charge section (3) has four axial slits (8) with a depth of 2 mm to 2.5 mm and a width of 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm.

6. The energy-gathering cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-detonation-velocity charge is RDX mixed explosive with a detonation velocity of ≥8500m / s and a charge amount of 50-100g.

7. The energy-gathering cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermite particle segment (4) is filled with particles of Al powder and FeO mixed in a mass ratio of 3:7, with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 1 mm and a filling amount of 100 g to 150 g. The segments are separated by 601 with a pore size of 1 mm.

8. The energy-gathering cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-detonation-velocity charge section (5) is filled with emulsion explosives with a detonation velocity of ≤5000 m / s and a charge amount of 80 g to 120 g, and is wrapped with a 10 mm thick foam aluminum energy-absorbing layer (10) on the outside.

9. The energy-gathering cutting device for directional demolition of collapsed buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four positioning bosses (11) are evenly distributed around the bottom of the liner, with a boss height of 5 mm, and are used to fix the device to the demolition surface and control the direction of energy collection.

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